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No. Content Page No. 1 Introduction 2-11 2 Profile of Salem District 14-36 3 Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment 39-41 4 Institutional Frame Work 44-104 5 Disaster Preparedness 107-115 6 Disaster Response, Relief and Rehabilitation 118-123 7 Disaster prevention and Mitigation 126-126 8 Revised Goals (2018-2030) 129-200 9 Desilting and Mission 100 success story 203-216 10 Do’s and Don’ts for Disasters 219-237 11 Inventories and machinaries 240-247 12 Important contact numbers 250-306 13 List of Tanks 309-331 14 Annexures 334-369 15 Vulnerable area maps 372-396 16 Abbrevations 399-403 2 DISASTER MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION The DM Act 2005 uses the following definition for disaster: “Disaster” means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or manmade causes, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area.” The UNISDR defines disaster risk management as the systematic process of using administrative decisions, organization, operational skills and capacities to implement policies, strategies and coping capacities of the society and communities to lessen the impacts of natural hazards and related environmental and technological disasters. This comprises of all forms of activities, including structural and non-structural measures to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) adverse effects of hazards. DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN - OVERVIEW AND GOALS District Disaster Management Plan (DDMP): The District Disaster Management Plan, which is a dynamic document consists of the past experiences of the disaster that were managed by the district and also consists of the current year scenario, is prepared to device a set of guidelines for district level disaster preparedness, Prevention, Mitigation and Monitor. Every Line department in the district is preparing its own Disaster Management Plan. DDMP are drawn up under the supervision of the District 3 Collector in coordination with all concerned departments and the Emergency support functions of various departments are listed out in the plan and inventory of resources in the Local Bodies are listed out and all of this have been converged into the District plan. While the DDMP forms the frameworks for the entire District, it will be fine tuned further by requirements of individual Vulnerable Areas and emergency situations. The District Disaster Management Authority will plan for long- term preventive measures to relieve and rescue the General public from the menace of disaster. The disasters have so far caused many damages such as human loss, cattle loss and poultry loss and also affected the houses and crops. Precautionary steps are to be taken to mitigate the impact of disaster like cyclone, flood, drought, Land slide, Earthquake and heat waves in future. Aim of District Disaster Management Plan: The DDMP is mainly focused as follows ❖ Identification of the vulnerability of different parts of the District to different types of disasters. ❖ Strategies to be adopted for prevention and mitigation of disasters. ❖ Responsibilities of the community, NGOs and other Non governmental institutions in different phases of managing a disaster. They should plan and act for pre-disaster, during disaster and post disaster phases by coordinating with the line departments. ❖ Role of each department in preparation and proper response will manage a disaster effectively. ❖ All sorts of mitigation measures shall be planned and executed. 4 The Disaster Management plan shall be categorized as four phases such as Non Disaster, Pre-Disaster, During Disaster and Post Disaster and the type of measures to be taken at each phase are shall be as follows:- Non-Disaster: In this phase, type of vulnerability should be identified by enquiring about the past experience from the residents of the locality. Cleaning and repairing works in evacuation shelters and community halls shall be carried out. Teams consisting of Government officials and First Responders are to be formed for evacuation rescue and relief activities. Pre-Disaster: This phase is the preparedness phase. All the line departments shall be in ready position with all the manpower and materials to mitigate the effect of disaster. The general public shall be given training to safeguard their lives and assets. Pre-arrangements for shelter, food materials, cooking vessels, protected drinking water and medical facilities shall be made. During Disaster: The minimum time management to evacuate the general public and live stock to safe shelters and fast response in search and rescue operations shall be planned. Providing of food materials, protected drinking water, medicines and basic minimum facilities immediately after occurrence of disaster should be ensured to the affected population. Post Disaster: During Post Disaster period, medical department has to take efforts to prevent diseases caused by disaster. Veterinary doctors have to take care of cattle and poultry. Other departments have to restore 5 normalcy by mobilizing all man power and machineries. Long term measures shall be prepared for rehabilitation and to mitigate disasters in future. Damages are to be accessed and relief assistance are to be given by getting funds from the Government. Community Based Disaster Management (CBDM): Community based disaster management has emerged as a key priority in disaster management which has immense importance to prevention, preparedness, mitigation and response. CBDM brings together the multitude of community stakeholders for disaster risk reduction; enables expansion of resource base. Linking up communities that are most vulnerable with key systems such as early warning mechanisms, resource mobilization etc., Adopting CBDM approach in managing disasters contribute to people’s empowerment by way of physical safety; guaranteed access and more on resources; promotes community’s participation in decision making related to risk reduction. Community-Based Disaster Management (CBDM) – Approaches: Creating awareness in the community about different types of injuries, illnesses and other health problems that could be caused by different hazards and indicating basic type of preventive and preparedness actions to minimize injuries, illnesses and death. Promoting personal hygiene practices and the use of safe drinking water along with washing hands with soap and water are important preventive actions for reducing diarrhea. Stockpile of Halogen tablets, ORS and basic medicines at appropriate points in the village shall be kept during the entire flood season. Training health workers and task force members in the community in providing first-aid to the injured and resuscitation measures for cases of drowning or injuries. 6 Disasters could, individually or in combination, cause a grave emergency condition in any area of the district. It can vary in scope and intensity, from a small local incident with minimal damage to a multi-district disaster with extensive devastation and loss of life. The actions of prevention, mitigation, preparedness, and response and recovery operations are conducted by the District Administration. Local authorities will exhaust their resources, and then use resources of other support agencies, volunteer groups, the private sector, and/or neighboring districts. State assistance will supplement District administration efforts and central assistance will supplement State and District Administration, when it is clearly demonstrated that it is beyond local and State capability to cope with the disaster situation. Concept of Operations: The Disaster Management Plan is based on the premise that the Emergency Support Functions (ESF) performed by the various agencies and organizations during emergency operations generally parallels their normal day-to-day functions. The same personnel and material resources will be employed in both cases. Day-to-day tasks and operations that do not contribute directly to the emergency may be suspended or redirected for the duration of any emergency or disaster, and efforts that would normally be assigned to those tasks will be channeled toward emergency and disaster ESF as assigned. Disaster Management Cycle: Disaster management is a cycle in which relief is just a fetter for better development. But at the same time it is to be remembered that none of these steps in disaster management cycle are watertight compartments. If disasters have been handled professionally with the 7 perspective of a long term development and sustainability, the quantity of relief required could be halved drastically. DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE 8 PREVENTIVE MEASURES The Four Phases of Emergency Management Mitigation Preparedness Response Recovery The Four Phases of Emergency Management. Mitigation: ➢ Includes any of the activities that prevent and reduce the chance of emergency happening, Preventing Future or reduce the damaging effects emergencies and minimizing un avoidable emergencies. their ➢ Mitigation activities such as effects desilting and strengthening of bunds in the lakhs, tanks and channels, repair works of sluice and shutters, construction of culverts and drainage for free flow of water are undertaken before and after emergencies Preparedness: ➢ Includes plans or Preparations made to save lives, in response and rescue Operations.