Así Cayó Una Institución En Las Manos De Un Revolucionario

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Así Cayó Una Institución En Las Manos De Un Revolucionario Así cayó una institución en las manos de un revolucionario La venta del Washington Post a Jeff Bezos, fundador de Amazon, pue- de ser la mejor decisión que hayan tomado los Graham con respecto al futuro de esta institución tradicional, pese al precio de la operación: tan solo 250 millones de dólares. La historia de la transacción es tan peculiar como la relación de las cuatro generaciones de esta familia con el legendario diario, al que han querido, cuidado, consolidado y, en un sorprendente final, liberado para entregárselo a un revolucionario. CRISTINA F. PEREDA Washington.– La venta ha sido descri- mimos desde ropa hasta productos cul- ta como un “hito” en la historia de los turales o, incluso, obras de arte–, es el medios estadounidenses: los 250 millo- nuevo dueño del Post a cambio del 1 % nes de dólares en la etiqueta del precio de su fortuna personal. de The Washington Post, calificados de Bezos no ha dado grandes detalles de “miseria”. La idea de que la familia Gra- las razones para hacerse ahora con el dia- ham, que convirtió el periódico en uno rio, como tampoco ha trascendido por qué de los pilares de referencia del periodis- fue ese el precio elegido. ¿Cuánto vale hoy INFORME mo mundial, vendiera el diario parecía uno de los tres diarios más importantes de “tan poco probable como la abdicación Estados Unidos? ¿Había otra manera de del rey Enrique V”1. rescatar al Post de la crisis en la que está in- Desde este verano, Jeff Bezos, funda- merso? ¿Puede el genio detrás de Amazon dor de Amazon, un revolucionario que dar con la solución que esperan medios de soñó con crear una librería online y ha comunicación de todo el mundo? ¿Era la cambiado la manera en que compramos inyección de dinero la única respuesta a la y leemos libros –sin olvidar cómo consu- supervivencia de este periódico? Cristina F. Pereda es periodista de El País en Washington (EE. UU.). 1.- http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/06/business/media/the-washington-post-reaches-the-end-of-the-graham-era. html?_r=0 11 Informe sobre la transformación de los medios de comunicación Bezos ha adquirido una cabecera que los medios desde 2007 y también al con- registró pérdidas de manera consecuti- texto económico de la cabecera, atado al va durante los últimos siete años. La devenir de una grandísima empresa del misma razón que llevó a Don Graham, sector educativo, y condicionado por las presidente de The Washington Post decisiones –algunas más acertadas que Company, a considerar la venta plantea otras– de sus responsables. ahora dudas sobre el interés de este jo- La venta de una institución tradicional ven empresario en hacerse con una ins- como el Post es tan única como su com- titución en caída libre. prador. Y su historia, tan peculiar como El legendario periódico está hoy muy su relación con las cuatro generaciones de lejos de aquellos días en que podía poner una misma familia que han querido, cui- contra las cuerdas a la clase política de dado, consolidado y, en un sorprendente Washington. Ya no es el diario del caso final, liberado su diamante más preciado Watergate, que inspiró a toda una gene- para entregárselo a un revolucionario. ración de periodistas en Estados Unidos y fuera de sus fronteras. Pero puede que Los Graham si Bezos no creyera en el significado de ¿Qué pensaría Inglaterra si los herederos una entidad como esta –que llegó a ser el se deshicieran de las joyas de la Corona? tercer periódico más leído del país–, hu- No habría Post sin familia Graham. Tal biera invertido esos 250 millones de dó- y como escribió Sheryl G. Stolberg en lares en crear un medio desde cero. Eso The New York Times2, los ciudadanos de mismo acaba de hacer uno de los funda- Washington han “mitificado” a los due- dores de eBay, Pierre Omidyar, con Glenn ños del periódico “como los británicos Greenwald, el periodista que desde junio hacen con su realeza”. Hoy, la última ge- está deshilando los secretos de la Agencia neración de la familia, el hijo de la edito- de Seguridad Nacional (NSA) de Estados ra, Katharine “Kay” Graham, quien hizo Unidos en una exclusiva que empezó pre- de la cabecera un referente mundial con cisamente en las páginas del Post. dos exclusivas históricas, ha dado su úl- Una de las noticias del año se ha es- timo ejemplo de valentía: desprenderse capado como granos de arena entre los de un buque insignia que ha dibujado dedos de sus periodistas. Y este es solo la trayectoria de la familia, de la ciudad el último síntoma de un organismo in- de Washington, de Estados Unidos y del merso en una crisis de identidad que periodismo. esconde algunas de las respuestas a su No existiría el Post sin la figura de Kay profundo declive, debido en gran parte Graham, la ama de casa que heredó el li- a la situación económica que atraviesan derazgo de la compañía al morir su mari- 2.- http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/04/fashion/katharine-weymouth-takes-charge-at-the-washington-post.html 12 Cuadernos de Periodistas, número 27 do –se suicidó en la casa familiar– y que Kay– describió el proceso de venta como llegaría a ser después responsable del dia- “desgarrador”. A pesar de la tristeza, la rio, ganadora de un premio Pulitzer por familia transmitió su total confianza en sus memorias y, quizás en su faceta más el nuevo dueño, esperanzados de que emblemática, la directora que respaldó a encuentre las respuestas que buscan y los periodistas que destaparon el escán- esperan impacientes periodistas del Post dalo de los “papeles del Pentágono” –un y de miles de periódicos. “Todos quería- episodio que, en 1971, acabó resolviendo mos hacer lo mejor para el Post. Nunca el Tribunal Supremo– y, dos años más tar- se trató de hacer lo mejor para los Gra- de, del caso Watergate, la obra periodísti- ham”, declaró Weymouth, en el cargo ca que acabaría forzando la dimisión del desde 2008, en una entrevista al diario presidente Richard Nixon, la única en la después de conocerse la noticia. historia de la nación. La venta del Post puede ser la mejor decisión que hayan tomado los Graham Andrew Leonard: con respecto al futuro del periódico. Desde el día en que anunciaron la venta “El iceberg hasta ahora, nadie ha dudado de la sen- rescató al Titanic” sación que se transmitió aquella tarde desde el edificio de la redacción en la ca- Kay Graham, anfitriona de las cenas im- lle 15 de la capital hasta las redacciones prescindibles de la ciudad, compañera de medio mundo: se cerraba un capítulo de mesa en la Casa Blanca del presi- en la historia de una institución, pero se dente Lyndon B. Johnson, llevó al Post abría otro lleno de optimismo. a lo más alto. Ahora, 40 años después Uno de los periodistas presentes en el de desafiar al poder político y a la justi- salón de actos del edificio le explicó a cia con el caso Watergate, su hijo acaba David Remnick, director de la revista The INFORME de depositar su legado al abrigo de un New Yorker, que fue “como si la fami- gran empresario de la tecnología. Muchas lia reconociera que no podían aguantar metáforas se han escrito para retratar el más tiempo” y tuvieran que “entregar la significado de la adquisición por parte cabecera a otra persona”. “Y queremos de Bezos, pero ninguna como la del co- mucho a la familia Graham, estamos or- lumnista de Salon Andrew Leonard3: “El gullosos de ellos”, aclaró. iceberg rescató al Titanic”. Remnick, redactor del Post durante La directora del periódico, Katharine una década, definió a Graham como un Weymouth –sobrina de la legendaria jefe “generoso, decente, justo y ético”4. 3.- http://www.salon.com/2013/08/06/the_iceberg_just_rescued_the_titanic/ 4.- http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2013/08/washington-post-sale-to-jeff-bezos.html 13 Informe sobre la transformación de los medios de comunicación “No se puede dudar de su corazón”, el caso de Bezos, la comunicación se aseveró. Aunque también le consideró desvaneció justo antes del verano. “incapaz de reorientar el Post” cuando En julio, cuando Graham y Bezos coin- internet sacudió los cimientos de las em- cidieron en una conferencia, ultimaron presas periodísticas, agujereados poco los detalles. Días antes, según ha revela- después por la peor crisis económica en do el diario, Bezos envió un correo elec- décadas. trónico a Graham comunicándole que No han faltado palabras de elogio a la todavía tenía interés. Según recuerda el hazaña de Graham y del resto de la fa- presidente de la compañía, le explicó al milia. “Necesitó coraje para ir a Vietnam empresario de Seattle que no estaba ahí y para convertirse en policía, y segura- simplemente para cerrar la venta. mente le haya costado coraje superar la “Esta va a ser una de las operacio- melancolía de deshacerse de aquello que nes comerciales más inusuales por la más ama, la institución creada y cuidada que hayas pasado”, recordó Graham en durante cuatro generaciones de su fami- una entrevista. Apenas un mes después, lia –el periódico adorado en la salud y, anunciaban la operación. Graham envió después, en la enfermedad–”, escribió un correo electrónico a todos los emplea- Hendrik Hertzberg, columnista de The dos citándoles en el salón de actos unos New Yorker. “Pero Graham no quería minutos más tarde. La mayoría sospechó que ‘hasta que la muerte nos separe’ se que habían vendido el histórico edificio convirtiera en el final del Post. Ese es el que aloja el periódico desde sus comien- último servicio que ha rendido al perió- zos.
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