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Al-Ouat ’Ouate NUMBER 15 NEW SERIES 15 العدد السلسلة الوطـواطالجديدة SPELEO CLUB DU LIBAN 2009 Revue Libanaise de Spéléologie et de Karstologie The Lebanese Review on Speleology and Karst المجلة اللبنانية لدراسة المغاور وعلم الكارست Al-Ouat ’Ouate 15 | 1 2 | Al-Ouat ’Ouate 15 | 3 17/1/57 90 1951 FONDE EN 1951 AU.MIN.NO. 90 DU 17/1/57 تأسس عام علم وخبر رقم تاريخ 28/11/63 14262 RECONNU D’UTILITE PUBLIQUE DU NO. 14262 DU 28/11/63 جمعية ذات منفعة عامة المرسوم رقم تاريخ 28/11/69 512 CITE A L’ORDRE NATIONAL DU CEDRE (Officier) NO. 512 DU 24/2/69 حامل وسام اﻻرز الوطني )ضابط( رقم تاريخ 10/10/05 154000 CITE A L’ORDRE NATIONAL DU CEDRE (Chevalier) NO.15400 DU 10/10/05 حامل وسام اﻻرز الوطني )فارس( رقم تاريخ Al-Ouat ’Ouate NUMBER 15 NEW SERIES في 1951 تأسس النادي اللبناني للتنقيب في المغاور على يد ليونال ّغره، البير أنافي، ريمون خوام وسامي كركبي و هو أقدم نادي للمستغورين في الشرق اﻻوسط. يضم اكثر من 200 عضو موزعين في جميع انحاء العالم. يهتم النادي في الشؤون المتعلقة بالمغاور و علم الكارسة. في 1963 استحق لقب جمعية ذات منفعة عامة )المرسوم رقم 14262 تاريخ 28/11/1963( و في 15 العدد السلسلة الجديدةالوطـواط 1969 نال وسام اﻻرز الوطني برتبة ضابط )رقم 512 تاريخ 24/2/1969( على اعماله في مغارة جعيتا كما أنه نال وسام اﻻرز SPELEO CLUB الوطني برتبة فارس )رقم 154000 تاريخ .1/.2005/1(. The Spéléo Club du Liban was founded in 1951 by Lionel Gorra, Albert Anavy, Raymond Khawam and Sami DU LIBAN Karkabi. It is the oldest caving club in the Middle East. It has over 200 members all over the world. The club 2009 specializes in speleology and karst. The club was awarded the 'A Club that is a Benefit to the Public' Order by the Lebanese government in 1963. 'The National Order of the Cedars', from the Lebanese government was awarded Revue Libanaise de for their work in Jiita Cave, rank Officer, in 1969. In 2005 a second Order of the Cedars was awarded to the Spéléologie et de Karstologie club, rank Knight. The Lebanese Review on Speleology and Karst Le Spéléo Club du Liban fut fondé en 1951 par Lionel Gorra, Albert Anavy, Raymon Khawam et Sami Karkabi. Il s’agit du plus ancien club de spéléologie au Moyen-Orient et comprend plus de 200 membres au monde entier. Le club est المجلة اللبنانية spécialisé en spéléologie et karstologie. En 1963, il fut décrété d’utilité publique (décret N˚14262 du 28/11/1963). En لدراسة المغاور وعلم الكارست il reçu l’Ordre National du Cèdre du grade Officier (N˚512 du 24/02/1969) pour les travaux effectués dans la grotte ,1969 de Jiita et reçu en 2005, un second Ordre National du Cèdre du grade Chevalier (N˚154000 du 10/10/2005). Editors Issam Bou Jaoude Johnny Tawk النادي اللبناني للتنقيب في المغاور ص.ب: 923 70 انطلياس ,لبنان Spéléo Club du Liban P.O.Box 70 923, Antelias, Lebanon Layout and collages Rena Karanouh For more information: [email protected] www.speleoliban.org ISSN 1999-8287 In collaboration with The Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research All Rights Reserved © 2009 SPELEO CLUB DU LIBAN No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without the permission in writing from the copyright owner. 4 | Al-Ouat ’Ouate 15 | 5 contents 10 LES PREMIERS 20 ROUGE SUR BLANC 24 FINAL NOTES 28 THE SALLE TRAÇAGES À Maïa Sarrouf ON SALLE BLANCHE “Learn to see” as physician William Osler said in the 19th century. L’URANINE BEAYNO EXPEDITION What helped scientists like Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel, Franklen Evans, Edouard Dupont and AU LIBAN Elias Labaki Issam Bou Jaoude Sami Karkabi Samer Harb Wassim Hamdan others to understand is that they not only possessed the ability to look but also to see. This is the major foundation for their amazing discoveries. Learning to ‘look and see’ is what SCL is trying to do. Lebanon, the land of karst in the Middle East, has a special ecosystem being a melting point between Africa, Asia and Europe. It has striking caves and karst elements that not only need to be looked at, but also to be seen. In Lebanon we are starting to uncover the amazing karst environment that we live in, including our remarkable caves, speleothems and fauna present in them. All this and much more are to be looked at and 34 FIRST GEOCHEMICAL 42 JIITA WITH SAMI 50 stalaGMITES AND 54 LA PHOTOGRAPHIE seen in such a fragile environment. Caves are truly the last frontiers on earth and in Lebanon and they still hold STUDY OF Rena Karanouh columns OF jiita SPÉLÉOLOGIQUE places that have never been seen before. STALAGMITES Georges Haddad AU LIBAN FROM JIITA CAVE Issam Bou Jaoude Sami Karkabi Let us keep our eyes open and watch out for the amazing environment that we live in. Fadi Nader Johnny Tawk We should also thank and pay tribute to our fathers, who got us were we are now, and in their honour let us teach and help the new generation to follow the path that we have learnt. 68 PRELIMINARY 70 BAT CENSUS IN 74 evaluation OF 80 RAYMOND KHAWAM ANALYSIS OF THE LEBANESE CAVES HUMAN impacts Sami Karkabi ARCHAEOLOGICAL 2008 & 2009 ON kanaan cave Johnny Tawk MATERIAL Ivan Horáček et al Maïa Sarrouf Assad Saif Issam Bou Jaoude Editor We would like to thank Shk. Khalid Bin Thani A. Al Thani from First International Investment Group, Mr. Abdulla Bin Nasser Al Misnad from Gulf Cement Company and Mr. Marwan Zgheib from MZ & Partners for 85 88 WHAT’S IN A LOGO 94 OUR THURSDAY 96 PROTECTING OUR رسم اخلرائط املستدام .their moral and financial support to ensure a consistent release of our publication Philipp Häuselmann Nadine Sinno MEETING CAVING HERITAGE We would also like to thank Dr. Dia Karanouh and Mrs. Nidal Nseir and Ms. Hala Bou Jaoude for HEADQUARTERS Karen Moarkech their valuable revision of the English articles, Stephanie Mailhac for her French translation and Maya Sarrouf Bashir Khoury for her help. 98 ADVENTURES IN 104 IRAN 108 DISCOVERING ES- 112 BARLANGS IN CAVE CLIMBING Johnny Tawk SUWAYDA BUDAPEST Issam Bou Jaoude Habib el Helou LAVA CAVES IN & UNDER AGGTELEK Fadi Nader SOUTHERN SYRIA Emma Porter Johnny Tawk et al 116 A RENDEZVOUS WITH 118 A YEAR INSIDE 126 ROUEISS geology 132 NEW DISCOVERIES MAMMOTH CAVE ROUEISS CAVE Rena Karanouh .أملقاﻻت ومضامينوها املنشورت في مجلة الوطواط هي مسؤلية مؤلفيها The articles and their content published in the Al Ouat’Ouate magazine are the responsibility of their authors. Rena Karanouh Hadi Kasammani, Issam Bou Jaoude La responsabilité des articles publiés dans Al Ouat’Ouate n’engagent que leurs auteurs. Wassim Hamdan, Nabil Shehab 6 | Al-Ouat ’Ouate 15 | 7 Al-Ouat ’Ouate 16 Thanks to our generous sponsors Shk. Khalid Bin Thani A. Al Thani, Mr. Abdulla Bin Nasser Al Misnad and Mr. Marwan Zgheib, the coming issue of Al-Ouat’Ouate Magazine, issue 16, is already in the works. Several articles are already being researched. Here are some of the new discoveries, scientific reasearch and many varied cave related issues that will appear in our next issue: > Mgharet el Rahoue > The Pearls of Kanaan. > The detailed survey of Chaos, Jiita. > Underground Activities > Bats survey of Lebanon, 2010 > The Pearls of Jiita. > Roueiss cave Archeology > Mgharet el Hadid A canyon passage in Rahoue cave (Photo by Johnny Tawk) > Karst plateau > Colouration. > The karst of Lebanon 8 | Al-Ouat ’Ouate 15 | 9 لهذه املغارة طابع غريب. هي تريد ان تكون في طليعة املغاور في لبنان من حيث احلجم »حجم املمرات والتشكﻻت« والطول واﻻرتفاع وجمال التشكﻻت. تاريخ اﻷستغوار في لبنان مسطر داخل هذه املغارة. واهم هذه اﻻكتشافات جائة على يد اللبنانيني بقيادة أحد اعمدة اﻻستغوار في لبنان واحد مؤسسي النادي البناني للتنقيب في املغاور السيد سامي كركبي. بعد خمسني سنة على اكتشاف الطابق العلوي وهو اﻻن موقع سياحي جدير باﻻحترام في عاملنا العربي. هذه املغارة ما تزال حتتفظ باسرار وتعتمد على اﻻفصاح عنها دوريا ًولكن بشكل بطيق وليس ممل. نلقي الضوء في هذا العدد من مجلة الوطواط على جمل هذه املغارة من خﻻل اﻻفصاح عن معاملها من تشكﻻت متعددة اﻷوان ومغامرات مشوقة رافقة اﻷكتشافات داخلها. يجب ان نتأقلم مع هذا الطابع الغريب ملغارة جعيتا واحملافظة عليه ﻻنه ملك اﻻجيال القادمة. Have you ever met Jiita? It can never bore you. You can never but enjoy every moment you spend in her realms. It amazes you when you go in but will beat you every time on your way out. But it is surely a cave with an attitude. Jiita cave wants to be the Giant of all caves in Lebanon. It desires to be the longest, the largest, the most beautiful and the one that holds the most cave secrets. It is the mother of our founding fathers. It witnessed the birth of our club in 1951. It triggered a swirl of caving adventures in Lebanon. Caving history was written in it. Fifty years since the discovery of its Upper Gallery, Jiita is now the most visited tourist attraction in Lebanon, its beauty rivaling many international show caves. This cave still holds on to many of its secrets. But it is slowly showing them to us bit by bit. The process is so slow it hurts, but still, anything worthwhile is worth waiting for, right? We pay tribute in this issue of the Al-Ouat’Ouate magazine to this amazing cave by showing you some of its new secrets: big columns; amazing stalagmites; stories from one of its great discoverers Mr.
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  • Mt Lebanon & the Chouf Mountains ﺟﺒﻞ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن وﺟﺒﺎل اﻟﺸﻮف

    Mt Lebanon & the Chouf Mountains ﺟﺒﻞ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن وﺟﺒﺎل اﻟﺸﻮف

    © Lonely Planet 293 Mt Lebanon & the Chouf Mountains ﺟﺒﻞ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن وﺟﺒﺎل اﻟﺸﻮف Mt Lebanon, the traditional stronghold of the Maronites, is the heartland of modern Leba- non, comprising several distinct areas that together stretch out to form a rough oval around Beirut, each home to a host of treasures easily accessible on day trips from the capital. Directly to the east of Beirut, rising up into the mountains, are the Metn and Kesrouane districts. The Metn, closest to Beirut, is home to the relaxed, leafy summer-retreats of Brum- mana and Beit Mery, the latter host to a fabulous world-class winter festival. Further out, mountainous Kesrouane is a lunar landscape in summer and a skier’s paradise, with four resorts to choose from, during the snowy winter months. North from Beirut, the built-up coastal strip hides treasures sandwiched between concrete eyesores, from Jounieh’s dubiously hedonistic ‘super’ nightclubs and gambling pleasures to the beautiful ancient port town of Byblos, from which the modern alphabet is believed to have derived. Inland you’ll find the wild and rugged Adonis Valley and Jebel Tannourine, where the remote Afqa Grotto and Laklouk, yet another of Lebanon’s ski resorts, beckon travellers. To the south, the lush green Chouf Mountains, where springs and streams irrigate the region’s plentiful crops of olives, apples and grapes, are the traditional home of Lebanon’s Druze population. The mountains hold a cluster of delights, including one real and one not-so-real palace – Beiteddine and Moussa respectively – as well as the expansive Chouf THE CHOUF MOUNTAINS Cedar Reserve and Deir al-Qamar, one of the prettiest small towns in Lebanon.