Hydrothermal Routes to Technetium Cluster Compounds

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Hydrothermal Routes to Technetium Cluster Compounds UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 8-1-2015 Hydrothermal Routes to Technetium Cluster Compounds William M. Kerlin University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Chemistry Commons Repository Citation Kerlin, William M., "Hydrothermal Routes to Technetium Cluster Compounds" (2015). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 2485. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/7777313 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HYDROTHERMAL ROUTES TO TECHNETIUM CLUSTER COMPOUNDS By William Michael Kerlin Bachelor of Science in Chemistry California State University of Sacramento 2004 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy - Radiochemistry Department of Chemistry College of Sciences The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas August 2015 Copyright by William M. Kerlin, 2015 All Rights Reserved Dissertation Approval The Graduate College The University of Nevada, Las Vegas July 2, 2015 This dissertation prepared by William M. Kerlin entitled Hydrothermal Routes to Technetium Cluster Compounds is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy – Radiochemistry Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Kenneth R. Czerwinski, Ph.D. Kathryn Hausbeck Korgan, Ph.D. Examination Committee Co-Chair Graduate College Interim Dean Paul M. Forster, Ph.D. Examination Committee Member Frederic Poineau, Ph.D. Examination Committee Member Alfred P. Sattelberger, Ph.D. Examination Committee Member Ralf Sudowe, Ph.D. Graduate College Faculty Representative ii ABSTRACT Hydrothermal Routes to Technetium Cluster Compounds By William M. Kerlin Dr. Kenneth Czerwinski, Advisory Committee Chair Professor of Chemistry University of Nevada, Las Vegas Transition metals of groups six through nine exhibit unique direct multiple metal- metal bonding cores. Technetium is a group seven transition metal and is the lightest radioelement in the periodic table. Technetium exhibits nine oxidation states (from -I to VII) and an extensive set of mixed oxidation states due to bi- or poly- nuclear complex formation. Technetium has no stable isotopes and thirty four technetium isotopes have been discovered. Two main isotopes are of great importance 99Tc and its metastable 99m 99m nuclear isomer Tc. The isotope Tc (T1/2 = 6.01 hours, γ = 140.5 keV) is used in 99 5 diagnostic nuclear medicine while Tc (T1/2 = 2.13x10 years, β = 294 keV) is a prominent fission product and is mainly used in fundamental technetium chemistry research due to its long half-life. The isotope 99Tc is a concern in nuclear waste management due to its high production rate, mobility in the environment, long half-life and radiotoxicity. The rapid use of technetium in various diagnostic procedures extended its coordination chemistry but the fundamental chemistry of low valent iii technetium is not as well explored compared to the surrounding elements Mo, Re, and +n Ru. Currently over 200 compounds containing the Re2 (n = 4, 5, 6) cores are known, +n whereas less than 30 compounds with Tc2 (n = 4, 5, 6) cores exist. One example of a +6 Tc2 core is Tc2(O2CCH3)4Cl2 which has been shown to be a useful starting compound for the synthesis of technetium binary halides. Hydro/solvo-thermal synthesis methods are used to reduce pertechnetate species, Tc(VII), to low-valent stable Tc-Tc dimers by changing the temperature and pressure of the system under constant volume and with different salts and acids. Results of these hydro/solvo-thermal reactions have yielded various new ditechnetium compounds that show interesting structures and properties. This study will focus on the synthesis of molecular metal-metal bonded technetium compounds like Tc2(μ-O2CCH3)4X2, (X = Cl, Br), polymeric metal-metal bonded technetium compounds or chains as [Tc2(μ-X)4(η-Y)]n, (X = carboxylate; Y = carboxylate, I) and technetium cluster chemistry involving iodide as polynuclear species for K[Tc8(μ- I)8I4]I, and Tc5I5(μ-I)4(μ3-I)4. As a result, these studies related to the synthesis of technetium dimers/clusters will permit acquisition of new information on technetium metal-metal bond chemistry and thus extend the fundamental knowledge of this element as well as its potential applications in the nuclear fuel cycle or nuclear medicine. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank first my advisor, Pr. Kenneth Ronald Czerwinski, for selecting me to be part of his research program and to allow me to express myself in the laboratory by doing synthesis with transition metals (technetium-99) as well transuranic compounds. The work presented in this thesis would not have been possible either without the presence, help and advice given by my committee. Their inputs and suggestions made me grown in technetium chemistry as well as in characterization techniques. Pr. Paul Foster was a significant help during my research method development and crystallographic studies. Dr. Frederic Poineau and Dr. Alfred Sattelberger were key contributors and source of information about technetium chemistry during this study. Dr. Sattelberger has an infectious desire to do synthesis and research daily; without his enthusiasm much of this work described below may have gone without notice to the scientific community. I shall always include him in my future endeavors of science. I appreciated being part of the radiochemistry group at UNLV and participating to various projects. I would like to thank Tom O’Dou, Julie Bertoia and Trevor Low for making the laboratory work efficiently. And thank you to my labmates for their advice and help. The support of my friends and family throughout the last five years was what pushed me through to the end. My parents, Mary P. Kerlin and Brent W. Kerlin have v always supported me in my adventures which helped tremendously. I would like to especially thank Maryline Ferrier for her extensive support and being around when I needed to vent. Without you, I would have never imagined completing this work, I would have stayed in the laboratory working on various new syntheses. Many thanks to a great professor of Physical Chemistry, as well as my mentor, supporter and friend Dr. Jeffery Mack of California State University of Sacramento with whom I have shared many great times. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... xx CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Metal-metal bonded compounds .................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Transition metals ....................................................................................... 5 1.2.2 Technetium ............................................................................................... 8 1.2.3 Comparison of technetium and surrounding elements .......................... 14 1.2.3.1 Classic starting materials .................................................................. 14 1.2.3.2 Molecular carboxylate structures, M2(O2CR)nXz .............................. 18 1.2.3.3 Polymeric carboxylate chain structures, M2(O2CR)nX ...................... 19 1.2.3.4 Known polynuclear cluster compounds ........................................... 20 CHAPTER 2: Materials and Methods ........................................................................... 21 2.1 Materials and methods used ......................................................................... 21 vii 2.1.1 Synthesis and characterization of KTcO4 ................................................ 21 2.1.2 Hydro/Solvo-thermal reaction techniques ............................................. 23 2.2 Characterization techniques .......................................................................... 29 2.2.1 Single crystal X-ray Diffraction (SC-XRD) ................................................. 29 2.2.1.1 Principle ............................................................................................ 29 2.2.1.2 Procedure ........................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Electrolytic Study of Basic Beryllium Acetate in Carbon Disulphide at 303K, 308K, 313K
    IARJSET ISSN (Online) 2393-8021 ISSN (Print) 2394-1588 International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 7, Issue 11, November 2020 DOI 10.17148/IARJSET.2020.71106 Electrolytic Study of Basic Beryllium Acetate in Carbon disulphide at 303K, 308K, 313K Rajeev Kumar Sharma1, Renu Singhal2 Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, D.S. College, Aligarh, U.P. (India)1 Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, D.S. College, Aligarh, U.P. (India)2 Abstract: The electrolytic study of Basic Beryllium Acetate (B.B.A.) in carbon disulphide were reported at 303K, 308K, 313K, the solute solvent interaction have been carried out by computing various Physico-chemical Acoustic Parameters [Apparent Molal adiabatic compressibility (k), Isentropic compressibility (S), Intermolecular free length (Lf), Specific Acoustic Impedance (Z), Relative Association and Solvation Number (Sn)], these parameters have been evaluated by using ultrasonic velocity, density, viscosity data. The results of these parameters indicates the strength of molecular interaction. Keywords: Molecular Interaction, Electrolytic, viscous behavior of Basic Beryllium acetate. I. INTRODUCTION The Isentropic compressibility of dilute aqueous solution of electrolytes decreases with increasing conc. indicating a strong interaction of the dissolved ion with the alkanols1-7, the non-aqueous solution of electrolytes have drawn the attention of same workers.7-9 Now, we are reporting a study of Ultrasound velocity, density and viscosity measurement at 300C, 350C, 400C have 8 been used to calculate isentropic compressibility (s), Intermolecular Free Lenght (Lf) , Specific Acoustic Impedance 9 10 (Z) , Molar sound velocity (R), Relative association (RA) , Apparent molal adiabatic compressibility (k), Wada 11 0 0 constant (B), Shear’s relaxation time (s) and Solvation numbers (Sn) of B.B.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Isoamyl Acetate
    SUMMARY OF DATA FOR CHEMICAL SELECTION Isoamyl Acetate CAS No. 123-92-2 Prepared for NTP by Technical Resources International, Inc Prepared on 11/94 Under NCI Contract No. N01-CP-56019 Table of Contents I. Chemical Identification II. Exposure Information Table 1. Levels of isoamyl acetate reported in foods III. Evidence for Possible Carcinogenic Activity Appendix A: Structural Analogs of Isoamyl Acetate IV. References SUMMARY OF DATA FOR CHEMICAL SELECTION CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION CAS Registry No.: 123-92-2 Chem. Abstr. Name: 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate Synonyms: Acetic acid 3-methylbutyl ester; acetic acid, isopentyl ester; AI3-00576; banana oil; isoamyl ethanoate; isopentyl acetate; isopentyl alcohol, acetate; pear oil; 3-methyl-1-butanol acetate; 3-methyl-1-butyl acetate; 3-methylbutyl acetate; 3-methylbutyl ethanoate; i-amyl acetate Structure: Molecular Formula and Molecular Weight: C7H14O2 Mol. Wt.: 130.18 Chemical and Physical Properties: Description: Colorless, flammable liquid with a banana-like odor (ACGIH, 1993). Boiling Point: 142°C (Lide, 1993) Melting Point: -78.5°C (Mark, et al, 1984; Lide, 1993) Solubility: Soluble in water (2000 mg/L at 25°C) (Howard, 1990); soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, and acetone (Lide, 1993). Vapor 4.5 mm Hg at 20°C (Howard, 1990) Pressure: Refractive 1.4003 (Lide, 1993) Index: Flash Point: closed cup, 33°C; open cup, 38°:C (Budavari, 1989) Density: 0.876 (Lewis, 1993) Reactivity: Thermal decomposition of isoamyl acetate may produce acrid fumes. Contact with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and alkaline materials should be avoided (Haarmann & Reimer Corp., 1994). Hazardous decomposition products of isoamyl acetate include CO and CO2 (AESAR/Alfa, 1994) Log 2.13 (Howard, 1990) P(octanol/water partition coefficient): Technical Isoamyl acetate is commercially available as both a natural and synthetic product with a purity Products and range of 95-99+%.
    [Show full text]
  • Bond Distances and Bond Orders in Binuclear Metal Complexes of the First Row Transition Metals Titanium Through Zinc
    Metal-Metal (MM) Bond Distances and Bond Orders in Binuclear Metal Complexes of the First Row Transition Metals Titanium Through Zinc Richard H. Duncan Lyngdoh*,a, Henry F. Schaefer III*,b and R. Bruce King*,b a Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India B Centre for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602 ABSTRACT: This survey of metal-metal (MM) bond distances in binuclear complexes of the first row 3d-block elements reviews experimental and computational research on a wide range of such systems. The metals surveyed are titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc, representing the only comprehensive presentation of such results to date. Factors impacting MM bond lengths that are discussed here include (a) n+ the formal MM bond order, (b) size of the metal ion present in the bimetallic core (M2) , (c) the metal oxidation state, (d) effects of ligand basicity, coordination mode and number, and (e) steric effects of bulky ligands. Correlations between experimental and computational findings are examined wherever possible, often yielding good agreement for MM bond lengths. The formal bond order provides a key basis for assessing experimental and computationally derived MM bond lengths. The effects of change in the metal upon MM bond length ranges in binuclear complexes suggest trends for single, double, triple, and quadruple MM bonds which are related to the available information on metal atomic radii. It emerges that while specific factors for a limited range of complexes are found to have their expected impact in many cases, the assessment of the net effect of these factors is challenging.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Take on the Aspirin Synthesis Lab: a Multi-Step Organic Synthesis Laboratory for High School Students
    A new take on the aspirin synthesis lab: A multi-step organic synthesis laboratory for high school students Michael P. Kowalski Rationale The use of the extracts of various plants for the treatment of pain and fever goes back several centuries. A tea made from the leaves or bark of Willow ( Saliaceae ) was found to be especially effective. By the late 19th Century, the active ingredient in these plant extracts, salicylic acid, had been identified. In 1874, the process for the commercial production of salicylic acid was perfected. The use of salicylic acid as an analgesic became widespread. However, side effects, such as gastric bleeding, made long term use of the drug impossible for many patients. In 1895, Felix Hoffman of the Fredrick Bayer Company found a method to acetylate salicylic acid, producing acetyl salicylic acid. This derivative was found to be as effective as salicylic acid as an analgesic but did not have the side effects associated with salicylic acid. The new drug was named “aspirin”, a name inspired by Saint Aspirinius, the patron saint of headaches. The introduction of aspirin marks the beginning of the modern pharmaceutical industry. The mechanism as to how aspirin alleviates pain was not elucidated until the 1970’s, when it was found that aspirin inhibits COX 1 and COX 2, enzymes that catalyze the formation of prostaglandins, substances that cause inflammation (1). The synthesis of aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid, is a standard first year organic chemistry laboratory activity at the college level. In most protocols, salicylic acid is reacted with acetic anhydride producing aspirin and acetic acid by acid catalysis: O OH O O OH O O H2SO4 O CH3 + H3C OH OH H C O CH + 3 3 O The reaction is refluxed for 30 minutes, and then cooled.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspirin. an Ab Initio Quantum-Mechanical Study of Conformational Preferences and of Neighboring Group Interactions
    J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 771-779 771 Aspirin. An ab Initio Quantum-Mechanical Study of Conformational Preferences and of Neighboring Group Interactions Rainer Glaser Department of Chemistry, University of MissourisColumbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211 [email protected] Received August 15, 2000 The potential energy surface of acetylsalicylic acid, aspirin, has been explored at the RHF/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-31G* levels, and single-point calculations were performed at levels up to B3LYP/ 6-311G**//B3LYP/6-31G*. All conformational isomers have been located, the thermochemical functions have been computed, and relative energies and free enthalpies were determined. The conformational space of aspirin is spanned by three internal coordinates, and these are the carboxylic acid C-O conformation (s-trans preferred by about 7 kcal/mol), the C-COOH conformation (Z preferred unless there are H-bonding opportunities), and the ester C-O conformation (s-trans preferred by about 4 kcal/mol). There are nine aspirin isomers since one of the conformers realizes hydrogen-bonding structure isomerism as well. Neighboring group interactions are discussed with reference to the intrinsic properties of benzoic acid and phenyl acetate. The intrinsic conformational preference energies for benzoic acid and phenyl acetate are not additive. The acid s-trans preference energies differ by as much as 9 kcal/mol depending on the Ph-COOH and ester conformations. Similarly, the E-preference energies about the Ph-COOH bond vary by as much as 6 kcal/mol depending on the ester conformation. The structural discussion suggests an overall ortho repulsion between the functional groups in all aspirin isomers including the intramolecularly hydrogen- bonded isomers.
    [Show full text]
  • Sodium Acetate
    SODIUM ACETATE Prepared at the 18th JECFA (1974), published in NMRS 54B (1975) and in FNP 52 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at the 59th JECFA (2002). An ADI not limited' was established at the 17th JECFA (1973) SYNONYMS INS No. 262(i) DEFINITION Chemical names Sodium acetate C.A.S. number 127-09-3 Chemical formula C2H3NaO2 · nH2O (n = 0 or 3) Structural formula CH3COONa · nH2O (n = 0 or 3) Formula weight Anhydrous: 82.03 Trihydrate: 136.08 Assay Not less than 98.5% after drying DESCRIPTION Anhydrous: White, odourless, granular, hygroscopic powder Trihydrate: Colourless, transparent crystals or a granular crystalline powder, odourless or with a faint, acetic odour. Effloresces in warm, dry air. FUNCTIONAL USES Buffer CHARACTERISTICS IDENTIFICATION Solubility (Vol. 4) Very soluble in water; soluble in ethanol pH (Vol. 4) 8.0 - 9.5 (1 in 100 soln) Test for sodium (Vol. 4) Passes test Test for acetate (Vol. 4) Passes test Heat test Anhydrous: When heating the sample slowly, it first fuses gradually and boils, and later decomposes evolving an unpleasant odour of acetone. A solution of the residue gives alkaline reaction with litmus paper. Trihydrate: When heating the sample slowly, it liquefies. Then water evaporates, and a powder forms. By heating more strongly, the powder fuses, and becomes lumpy and later decomposes evolving an odour of acetone. A solution of the residue gives alkaline reaction with litmus paper. PURITY Loss on drying (Vol. 4) Anhydrous: Not more than 2.0% (120o, 4 h) Trihydrate: Between 36 and 42% (120o, 4 h) Test for potassium Negative test (Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Vinyl Acetate
    Vinyl acetate 108-05-4 Hazard Summary Vinyl acetate is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of workers to vinyl acetate has resulted in eye irritation and upper respiratory tract irritation. Chronic (long-term) occupational exposure did not result in any severe adverse effects in workers; some instances of upper respiratory tract irritation, cough, and/or hoarseness were reported. Nasal epithelial lesions and irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract were observed in mice and rats chronically exposed by inhalation. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of vinyl acetate in humans. An increased incidence of nasal cavity tumors has been observed in rats exposed by inhalation. In one drinking water study, an increased incidence of tumors was reported in rats. EPA has not classified vinyl acetate for carcinogenicity. Please Note: The main sources of information for this fact sheet are EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (2), which contains information on inhalation chronic toxicity of vinyl acetate and the RfC, and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR's) Toxicological Profile for Vinyl Acetate. (1) Uses Vinyl acetate is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol.(1) Vinyl acetate is also used as a raw material in the production of other chemicals, in adhesives, water-based paints, nonwoven textile fibers, textile sizings and finishes, paper coatings, inks, films, and lacquers. (1,2) Sources and Potential Exposure Exposure is most likely to occur in the workplace, where individuals may be occupationally exposed to vinyl acetate via inhalation or dermal contact during its manufacture or use.
    [Show full text]
  • Sodium Acetate As an Alkalinizing Agent for Salicylate Intoxication
    linica f C l To o x l ic a o n r l o u g o y J Groke, et al., J Clin Toxicol 2015, 5:2 Journal of Clinical Toxicology DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000237 ISSN: 2161-0495 Case Report Open Access Sodium Acetate as an Alkalinizing Agent for Salicylate Intoxication: A Case Report Steven F Groke*, Daniel H Jarrell, Christopher J Edwards, Peter B Chase, Mark J Murphy and Frank G Walter Deapartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA *Correspondence author: Steven F Groke, Deapartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona Tucson, AZ, USA, Tel: 801-718-8919 E-mail: [email protected] Received date: Feb 16, 2015; Accepted date: Mar 18, 2015; Published date: Mar 21, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Groke FS, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Background: Urine and serum alkalization with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is the initial treatment for salicylate toxicity. Due to medication shortages, sufficient quantities of NaHCO3 may not be available and alternative treatments may be needed. Case Report: This is an observational case report of a man who presented with chronic, inadvertent aspirin intoxication. Initially, we used a NaHCO3 continuous intravenous (IV) infusion until the hospital ran out of NaHCO3. Thereafter, the NaHCO3 IV infusion was replaced with a sodium acetate (SA) continuous IV infusion. “Why should an emergency physician be aware of this?” Sodium acetate’s role in serum and urine alkalization for drug intoxications is not well understood.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Aluminum Mordants on the Colorfastness of Natural Dyes on Cotton
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by K-State Research Exchange This is the author’s final, peer-reviewed manuscript as accepted for publication. The publisher-formatted version may be available through the publisher’s web site or your institution’s library. Comparison of aluminum mordants on the colorfastness of natural dyes on cotton Sherry Haar, Erica Schrader, and Barbara M. Gatewood How to cite this manuscript If you make reference to this version of the manuscript, use the following information: Haar, S., Schrader, E., & Gatewood, B. M. (2013). Comparison of aluminum mordants on the colorfastness of natural dyes on cotton. Retrieved from http://krex.ksu.edu Published Version Information Citation: Haar, S., Schrader, E., & Gatewood, B. M. (2013). Comparison of aluminum mordants on the colorfastness of natural dyes on cotton. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 31(2), 97-108. Copyright: © The Author(s) 2013 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi:10.1177/0887302X13480846 Publisher’s Link: http://ctr.sagepub.com/content/31/2/97 This item was retrieved from the K-State Research Exchange (K-REx), the institutional repository of Kansas State University. K-REx is available at http://krex.ksu.edu Comparison of Aluminum Mordants on the Colorfastness of Natural Dyes on Cotton Sherry Haar, Erica Schrader, and Barbara M. Gatewood Keywords: natural dyes, mordants, colorfastness, aluminum acetate, aluminum potassium sulfate The research was funded by Contribution no. 12-253-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Two mordanting agents, aluminum potassium sulfate and aluminum acetate, in three concentrations (5%, 10%, and 20% owf) were evaluated for colorfastness to laundering and light of natural dye extracts (madder, weld, and coreopsis) on cotton print cloth.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethane-Dependent Synthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates By
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/307108; this version posted April 25, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Ethane-dependent synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates by 2 the obligate methanotroph Methylocystis parvus OBBP 3 Jaewook Myunga,e#, James C. A. Flanaganb,f, Wakuna M. Galegaa, Robert M. Waymouthb, Craig 4 S. Criddlea,c,d 5 a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, 6 USA 7 b Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA 8 c Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 9 d William and Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 10 e Current address: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Southern Methodist 11 University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA 12 f Current address: Brighton College, Eastern Road, Brighton, BN2 0AL, United Kingdom 13 14 Running title: Methanotrophic synthesis of PHAs using ethane 15 16 # Address correspondence to: Jaewook Myung, [email protected] 17 Phone: (+1) 214-768-4229 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/307108; this version posted April 25, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 18 ABSTRACT (250 words) 19 Under conditions of nutrient-limited growth, Type II obligate methanotrophs oxidize C1 20 compounds, such as methane or methanol and accumulate intracellular granules of poly(3- 21 hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB). Here, we report that, under same nutrient-limited conditions, the Type 22 II obligate methanotroph Methylocystis parvus OBBP can use ethane as its sole carbon and 23 energy source for synthesis P3HB granules, accumulating up to 35 ± 4 wt% P3HB.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Dirhodium Sugar-Substituted Carboxylate and Acetamide Complexes and Evaluation of Their Potential As Lectin Inhibitors Bethany Masten
    Undergraduate Review Volume 2 Article 24 2006 Development of Dirhodium Sugar-Substituted Carboxylate and Acetamide Complexes and Evaluation of their Potential as Lectin Inhibitors Bethany Masten Follow this and additional works at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/undergrad_rev Part of the Inorganic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Masten, Bethany (2006). Development of Dirhodium Sugar-Substituted Carboxylate and Acetamide Complexes and Evaluation of their Potential as Lectin Inhibitors. Undergraduate Review, 2, 166-173. Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/undergrad_rev/vol2/iss1/24 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. Copyright © 2006 Bethany Masten 166 Development ofDirhodium Sugar-Substituted Carboxylate and Acetamide Complexes and Evaluation oftheir Potential as Lectin Inhibitors BY BETHANY MASTEN Bethany;s a senior majoring in Chemistry. Abstract: She was an AlP Summer Grant recipient. current interest at the interface of biology and chemistry is She was aided in her research by her the development of molecular and polymeric species that can mentor, Dr. Stephen Haefner. She plans function as scaffolding for pendant sugar groups. Such materials to attend graduate school to study green have the ability to affet;:l biological phenomena including Ie<:tin­ chemistry and will try to save the world, based cellular binding. Compounds that can inhibit this binding have the provided she isn't in the poor hoost. potential to prevent tumor metastasis. This project involved the synthesis of dirhodium carboxylate compounds wilh pendant saccharide moieties, as well the development of a synthetic method to prepare sugar derivatives of dirhodium acetamides; compounds that are potential lectin inhibitors.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Characterization of Acetone-Insoluble Substances in Cellulose Acetate Prepared by an Acetic Acid Acetylation Process
    CELLULOSE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACETONE-INSOLUBLE SUBSTANCES IN CELLULOSE ACETATE PREPARED BY AN ACETIC ACID ACETYLATION PROCESS X. L. CHEN, *,** S. W. XU,* W. J. PENG,* J. ZHANG * and Y. JIANG ** *Nantong Cellulose Fibers Co. Ltd, 27, East Zhongxiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, China ** College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ✉Corresponding author: Xiaolu Chen, [email protected] Received March 25, 2013 Cellulose acetate fibers are commonly made by a dry-spinning process, in which cellulose acetate is firstly dissolved in acetone and then the cellulose acetate acetone solution is extruded through spinneret orifices that have extremely small diameters. Any insoluble substances in acetone solutions could cause disruptions in fiber extrusion, and are not tolerated. In this work, acetone-insoluble substances in cellulose acetates prepared from several kinds of pulps with varying cellulose content were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and characterized by using chemical, spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. According to the results, acetone-insoluble substances are enriched in hemicellulose acetates, lower in the degree of substitution and higher in crystallinity in comparison with corresponding cellulose acetates. Based on analysis, a possible mechanism for the formation of insoluble substances is proposed. Hemicelluloses residues in pulps and insufficient acetylation of crystalline cellulose play important roles in forming the insoluble substances
    [Show full text]