BOTJLDBE COUNTY

BIOGRAPHICAL.

REV. ALEXANDER P. ALLEN. 1868 and 1869, he served as surgeon on the Mr. Allen was born in the State of Con­ Rollins Division of the Union Pacific Railroad, necticut in 1817, and in his youth learned the and has at one time since served as surgeon on tailor's trade, which business, after attaining the Denver & South Park' Railroad. Ln the manhood, he followed about seven years, then fall of 1874, he established himself in the prepared himself for the ministry, and was, drug business in Boulder. He has held the during all his active life afterward, a prominent position of Coroner for a period of six years. and successful minister of the Methodist He is at present a member of the State Medi­ Church in the States of Illinois and "Wisconsin, cal Society, and also of Boulder Co. Medical having commenced his work there in the early Association. He was married, Aug. 10, 1860, pioneer days of those States. to Miss Mildred M. McNeel, daughter of James G-. McNeel, of Fond du Lac, Wis., and has a HENLY W. ALLEN. family of ten children, eight sons and two This gentleman is one of Boulder's well- daughters. known druggists and physicians. He was born CAPT. IRA AUSTIN. in Cook Co., 111., Dec. 28, 1838, and is de­ Capt. Ira Austin was born in Bristol, Onta­ scended from New England ancestry. His rio Co., N. Y., May 30, 1807, and is descended father, Alexander P. Allen, was a promi­ from Irish and English ancestry. His father, nent Methodist minister during his active life. Levi Austin, was a native of Western New The subject of this sketch was educated at York, a farmer by occupation, and extensively Lawrence University, Appleton, Wis., from engaged in fruit and vegetable culture. The which institution he graduated in 1860. Aft­ subject of this sketch emigrated to Illinois in erward, from 1801 to 1866, he attended Rush 1838, purchased a farm of 160 acres in Will Medical College, of Chicago, then entered Iowa Co., on which he resided until 1849. Mean­ University, and graduated from the medical time, in 1846, he took a contract to build a department of that institution in 1867. Pre­ portion of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, com­ vious to this, however, in 1865, he had made pleting the sarm. in 1847. In March, 1849, he Boulder Co., Colo., his home. His family re­ left for 'California, traveling overland with a sided at Valmont, same county, until 1868, six-mule team, thirteen wagons and forty-two but a short time before and after his course men. He located at Placerville upon his ar­ at the medical college last named, he practiced rival, and engaged in mining, from which he his profession in Boulder. During the years realized large returns, until the spring, of 1850, 602 BIOGRAPHICAL.

then returned to his home in "Will Co., 111., by attracted by the glowing accounts of the dis­ way of the isthmus. He then directed his covery of gold at Pike's Peak, and, believing attention to stock-growinfr, principally the that region to be a second California, started sheep business, and purchased additional lands, across the plains for the new El Dorado, arriv­ having become the owner of 1,100 acres, which ing in Boulder in October of that year. He was he still retains. In the summer of 1860, leav­ born in Bloomington, 111., Dec. 16,1835. At an ing his family on the farm, he outfitted with early age, he removed with his parents to Ogle eight wagons and milling and mining machin­ Co., same State, where his early life was spent ery, and started for Colorado. Upon his ar­ on a farm. In 1856, he went to Atchison Co., rival at Boulder, he visited the mines at Gold Mo., and followed farming two years. In the Hill, but. "concluded to proceed to Gilpin Co. fall of 1858, he came to Colorado, and spent the with his mill, which he set up in Lump Gulch. winter at Boulder and in prospecting in the He remained there until 1870, his family hav­ mountains. The following March he returned ing joined him there in 1864. Meanwhile, in to Missouri and farmed that season. In the 1866, he discovered the coal banks at Erie, spring of 1860, he again came to Colorado bring­ Boulder Co., and purchased 1,400 acres of ing with him his family, and located in Boulder land. After opening and mining the same one City. After spending the season in placer-min­ year, he sold 800 acres, containing the principal ing on Boulder Creek, he took 160 acres of land on mines, to the Boulder Valley Railroad Com­ that creek, two and a half miles east of Bouldei pany. He held the office of County Commis­ "City, which he subsequently pre-empted, and sioner in Gilpin Co. one term, and was elected on which he resided, engaged in farming, until twice to the State Legislature, serving one 1865. He then sold his farm and rented a farm term, but, having been elected the second time one mile south of Valmont, which he ran three while absent East, declined to serve, on account years. In 1868, he purchased 160 acres of of business'interests. In 1869, he operated a land on Dry Creek, five miles east of Boulder fifty-stamp mill in Gilpin Co., becoming the own­ City, on which he has since resided, engaged in er of a ranche, which he still retains. In Novem­ agricultural pursuits, and in improving it, and ber, 187Ö, he removed to Boulder, purchased his to which he has since added eighty acres of ad­ present residence and also a planing-mill, and joining land. Mr. Aikins was married in 1856, has since given the greater portion of his time to Miss Mary A. Burns. to fruit and vegetable culture and to operating his mill. During the construction of the Boul­ SAMUEL ARBUTHNOT. der Valley Railroad, he became interested in This gentleman, a '59-er, who has been iden­ the\same, and was made President of the road, tified with the mining and agricultural inter­ and was afterward President of the Boulder ests of Colorado, was born in Pittsburgh, Valley Telegraph and Express Company for Penn., Aug. 17, 1836. He attended school two years. Capt. Austin was married, in Febru­ until his sixteenth year, then spent seven years ary, 1831, to Miss Harriet Benjamin, daughter of in the pineries in the mountains of Pennsyl­ Amos Benjamin, of Bristol, N. Y., and has a vania. In the spring of 1859, when the news family of three children, one son and two of the discovery of gold at Pike's Peak was daughters. heralded throughout the East, he came to the SAMUEL J. AIKINS. new El Dorado. After mining a short time at Mr. Aikins is one of the daring spirits who Gold Hill, Boulder Co., he went to Pleasant ßtül reside in Boulder Co., who, in 1858, were Valley, in Russell Gulch, Gilpin Co., where he

6 r- -1 ä> \

BOULDER COUNTY. purchased a claim and engaged in placer-min­ gaged in mercantile business in Boulder, which ing until the following spring. He then went he continued two years. He has not since been to California Giilch, and followed mining until actively engaged in business, but has been de­ fall, then returned to Gold Hill, where he con­ voting his attention chiefly to the improvement tinued mining operations until the 'winter of of his property, being the owner of quite an 1803, He then removed to Left Hand Creek, amount of real estate. Mr. Andrews was mar­ and rented a farm one year, and subsequently ried, April 13,1857, to Miss Mary A. Ellsworth, pre-empted 160 acres of land in Hay Stack of East Boston, Mass., and has a family of four Valley, on that creek, on which he has since children, one son and three daughters. resided, engaged in agricultural pursuits. He is at present President of the Left Hand Ditch WILLIAM ARBUTHNOT. Company, of which he has been a member This gentleman, one of Colorado's pioneers, since its organization, in 1800. From 1874 to was born in Allegheny Co., Penn., Aug 30, 1879, he was Clerk of the School Board. Mr. 1835. His early life was spent on a farm and Arbutlmot was married, March 29, 1870, to in attending school. In 1855, he removed to Miss Mary II. Johnson, daughter of J. P. John­ Tama Co., Iowa, where he soon afterward son, of Left Hand. engaged in farming and lumbering. In the spring of 1859, he crossed the plains to Colo­ GEORGE A. ANDREWS. rado, and went immediately into the mount­ This gentleman, one of Boulder City's ains. After- remaining a short time at Gold honored and worthy citizens, is of English and Hill, he went to Central City, where he engaged Scotch descent, and was born in Saco, Me., in mining during the remainder of the season. June 6, 1832. During his early life, until he The following fall, he returned to Iowa, and was fourteen years of age, he attended district followed farming until 1863, when he again school, after which he spent one year in the came to Colorado and continued the same voca­ old academy in his native town, and subse tion on a rented farm, on Left Hand Creek, qucntly clerked in a store one year. In 1848, Boulder Co., one season. In the spring of 1864, he went to Lawrence, Mass., and served an ap­ he pre-empted 160 acres of land on the same prenticeship at the carpenter's trade. In the creek, eight miles north of Boulder City, on fall of 1851, he went to New York City, where which he has since resided, engaged in farming he followed his trade two years, and subse­ and stock-growing. Mr. Arbutlmot was united quently four years in Massachusetts. In the in marriage in 1869, to Miss .Mary E. Bader, spring of 1857, he removed to Galva, 111., where daughter of J. G. Bader, of Left Hand. he worked at his trade one year, then opened a boot and shoe store and shop, in which busi­ CAPT. THOMAS A. AIKINS. ness he continued until the spring of 1863. On Mr. Aikins, a '58-er, who, at that early day, May 13, of that year, he started for Colorado, came to the then almost unknown Pike's Peak with an ox team, arriving in Boulder City July country in search of gold, and subsequently 16, and located on a ranche, adjoining Boulder, became one of Colorado's pioneer farmers, was on the south, where during the succeeding born in Maryland Aug. 8, 1808. His early six years he was engaged in fanning and stock- life was spent on a farm, and in that pursuit raising. Meantime he pre-empted eighty acres until 1832. He then nmoved to Franklin Co., of land, on which he resided and homesteaded Ohio, where he was engaged in farming until 160 acres of adjoining land. In 1869, he en­ 1841, thence removed to Ogle Co., 111., follow- p

«06 BIOGRAPHICAL. ing the same pursuit there until 1844, having season of 1869, was engaged in farming in also participated in the Black Hawk Indian Boulder Valley. In the fall of that year, he war, then resided in Atchison Co., Mo., from went to Georgetown, Clear Creek Co., and, 1844 to 1858. In November, 1858, he emi­ during the succeeding year, was engaged in grated to Colorado, and was engaged in mining the butchering business. During the winter of at Gold Hill, Boulder Co., until the fall of 1859, 1870-71, he spent six months on a visit East. then returned East, and removed his family to The following spring he returned to Colorado, Colorado, in the spring of 1860, residing in and, during that season, followed mining at Boulder one year, occupying his attention in Gold Dirt, Boulder Co. In the spring of 1872, mining pursuits, then pre-empted 160 acres of he located in Boulder City, where he has since land, and homesteaded another 160 acres, four resided, and opened a butcher-shop, in which miles distant from Boulder, on Boulder Creek, business he has since continued. He has also and there resided until his death, which occurred been devoting considerable attention to the in 1878. Mr. Aikins was married in the year improvement of property in this city, being 1833, to Miss Margaret S. Ross, to whom were the owner of quite an amount of real estate. born four sons, and one daughter—L. L. Aik­ In 1876, he erected a fine residence on the cor­ ins, born in Illinois, Feb. 18, 1840, and Thurs­ ner of Sixteenth and Pine streets, where he has ton W. Aikins, born in Missouri, Feb. 18,1856. since resided, in the enjoyment of pleasant sur­ roundings, and the association of many warm EUGENE A. AUSTIN. friends. In the spring of 1867, he was elected ThiB gentleman, who has fbr a number of a member of the City Council of Boulder, years been a resident of Boulder City, and one which office he honorably filled one term, and of her honored and substantial citizens, was to which he was again elected in the spring of born in Rochester, N. Y., Aug. 11, 1849. He 1880. Mr. Austin was married in January, is of New England parentage, and spent his 1873, to Miss Jennie Gilbert, daughter of Jar- early life on a farm and in attending district vis Gilbert, of Maumee, Ohio, and has one son. school. Jan. 21, 1864, being then in his flf- jteenthyear,he enlisted as a volunteer in the 4th ANTHONY AKNETT. N. Y. H. A., and served with his company in Anthony Arnett was born near Strasbourg, the Eastern army, under Gen. Grant, until the France, July 7,1819, and came with his parents close of the rebeUion, and was then stationed to the United States in 1828. As the country with his company at Ft. Ward, Va., where he was new and strange, his father remained un­ remained until October, 1866, when he was settled and undecided where to locate for over honorably discharged. He then returned home, a year. Finally, after visiting various places and, during the following winter, attended in New York and Pennsylvania, he " took up " school. In the spring of 4867, he came to land in Warren Co., Penn., which he cleared Colorado with his father, ant', during that sum­ and improved. In 1835, his father emigrated mer, they discovered coal and opened a mine West with his family ; first to Chicago, where at Erie, Weld Co., that being the first coal dis­ he remained one winter, then settled on land in covered in that vicinity. They continued to Illinois, thirty-five miles below where the town operate the mine until the fall of 1868, when of Dixon is now located. Here his father they sold it. During the following winter, he "took up" 160 acres, and the same for each of was employed by the company that purchased his sons, nine in number, which they proceeded the mine, as foreman of top work. During the to clear off. In 1849, the subject of this sketch a k.

BOULDER COUNTY. 807

went to New York City, thence, by vessel, and Amos Widner, he started the town of Kirby round Cape Horn to California, where he pur­ City. Mr. Arnett was married in 1846, to Miss chased a ranche, naming the same, Rock River Mary Graham, of Rock River, 111., and has a Ranche, which it still bears. At the same time, family of four children—three sons aud one he erected a tent and kept a pioneer hotel. In daughter. the latter part of that year, he disposed of his AMOS BIXBY". property at a large profit. From that time There is a family tradition that the name is1 until the fall of 1851, he owned and run a of Welsh origin, and the proper spelling is pack train from the city of Sacramento to the Byxby. The subject of this sketch was born North Fork of Feather River, thence returned in the town of Norridgewock, in the State of by the Nicaragua route, to his home in Illi­ Maine, Oct. 12, 1822. His father's farm was nois, and was there engaged in fanning until his place of residence during all his youthful 1859, having become the owner of several fine clays, by the beautiful Kennebec River, in a farms. Thence, emigrated to Colorado, where region of rare scenic attractions, to which he he first engaged in buying cattle and also became romantically attached. He received a freighted from Oolden to Central City. In the common-school education, and his loving father spring of 1860, he built a hotel near Central conferred on him the further special advan­ City, in the vicinity of the placer mining camps, tage of a few terms at the Bloomfield Acad­ and conducted the same about a year, then emy and two years at Waterville College, in turned his attention to buying and selling cat­ the same State. He studied law with the Hon. tle on the plains. He continued in that busi­ Joseph Baker, at Augusta, Me., and began its ness until 1864, having, in the meantime, made practice at Searsport, Me., in 1849. The 20th a trip to Washington Territory ; after which, of August, 1851, he was married to Augusta he settled in Boulder, where he owned and Hale Carlisle, an amiable, educated and gifted kept the Boulder House until 1867, which he lady, by which happy union four children came then disposed of to Geo. Squires, since which to them-—Harry Carlisle, Fannie Weston, Charles time, he has resided in Boulder, and has been Francis and Julien. In 1854, the husband'and prominently connected with many of the im­ wife, with their child Harry, went West as portant enterprises undertaken for the improve­ members of a colony that founded the town of ment of the town and county. In 1865, in Grinnell, in Iowa, on the broad, unoccupied company with Daniel Pound and others, he prairie. Here Mr. Bixby opened a farm, and, built the Black Hawk and Central City Wagon as soon as the place began to be a business Road, and in 1806, built the Caribou and Cen­ point, engaged in the practice of law in com­ tral City Wagon Road, both of which they pany with Hon. Samuel F. Cooper, and was an afterward sold. He was one of Boulder's enter­ active participant in all the affairs of the town, prising men in the effort made to secure the including the founding of the college there, establishment of the State University at Boul­ until 1862, when, hoping to better their fort­ der, which they succeeded in doing by liberal unes by mining, the family removed to Central contributions. He is'the owner of valuable City, Colo. Here they had a pretty hard time real estate in Boulder, among which is the of it, but their great misfortune was the Brainard Hotel, and is largely interested in loss of their son Harry, a child of uncom­ mining at Gold Hill, Jamestown and Ward mon brightness and promise, who died Oct. District. He spent the past summer in Saguache 4, .1865. The year following, the family went Co., Colo., where, in company with Joseph Gay to tbe Ward mining district, in Boulder

s r 608 BIOGRAPHICAL.

Co., where Mr. Bixby, in company with his the legal profession. lie was born in Berkeley brother, A. G. Bixby, had acquired some min­ Co., Va., Feb. 22, 1820. He is descended, on ing property, and had sold it advantageously. his father's side, from English ancestors, who Further mining operations there proved un­ emigrated from England and settled at Old fortunate to them, it being too early for the Jamestown, while the Old Dominion was a successful treatment of the ores of that local­ colony. His mother's family were Irish, and ity. In the spring of 1871, Messrs. Collier were among the first settlers of Baltimore, Md. & Hall, proprietors of the Central City Regis­ He received his education in Virginia, having ter, through Samuel Cushman, then in editorial prepared himself for admission to the bar, and charge, invited Mr. Bixby to write for and afterward practiced his profession in that State manage the Caribou Post, a paper just started until 1850; thence removed to Iowa, where he by them at the new Caribou mining camp. attained a reputation for legal ability, and se­ Mr. B. took up his residence there for the sea­ cured a successful and lucrative practice. son. The paper became popular, and, it is Soon after the breaking-out of the war of the believed, did much toward calling the attention rebellion, in 1861, he raised a company of vol­ of the country to the silver deposits of Cari­ unteers, of which he was chosen Captain, and bou. The winter following, he was called to joined the 2d Iowa V. O, under the command the editorial charge of the Central City Regis­ of Col. Elliott, taking with him a son not yet ter, a daily and leading mining journal of Col­ eighteen j'cars of age. He remained with the orado. At the opening of the year 1872, Mr. regiment as long as his health would permit, Bixby again engaged in mining, having ac­ then returned to Iowa. In the summer of quired an interest in a very promising discov­ 1863, accompanied by his wife and four chil­ ery, called the Washington Avenue, situate a dren, he crossed the plains, traveling with few miles northerly from Nederland, in Boulder horse and cattle teams, bringing a train of sup­ Co. This venture proving unfortunate, the plies and a number of stock. Upon his ar­ family took up permanent residence in the rival in Colorado, he located in Boulder, town of Boulder, Mr. B. engaging with W. C. Boulder Co. Although it was his intention to Wynkoop in the publication of the Boulder return East again at the expiration of a year, VovmXy News in the spring of 1873. The next yet he and his family became so attached to year, in company with Mr. Eugene Wilder, he the climate and other favorable features of the bought the paper, and it prospered, acquiring a country that they concluded to remain. He large circulation and commanding influence immediately established himself in the practice within the county, and obtaining many sub­ of his profession, and has ever since been en­ scriptions in other counties and other States. gaged in a lucrative practice. Mr. Berkley is In the fall of 1878, Mr. Bixby sold his interest a stanch Democrat, and has been prominent as to Shedd & Wilder, and was appointed Post­ one of tbe leaders of his party. He is a man master at Boulder, Which office he holds at the of positive convictions. His views are well present time. known, and, although a strong Union man, and opposed to the war, he always insisted, that, if HON. GRANVILLE BERKLEY. the party which held the reins of Government Judge Berkley settled in Boulder City in when the war -commenced, had possessed the the early pioneer days, and became thoroughly statesmanship that many statesmen possessed identified with its interests, but is best known who had gone before, the difficulties would through his long practice and prominence in have been settled without the shedding of BOULDER COUNTY. 609

blood. Mr. Berkley assisted in the first organ­ pitched camp near the St. Vrain Canon, in the ization of the Democratic party in Colorado; fore part of June of that }-ear. Here, notwith­ and, although not an otliee seeker, he became a standing his youth, he sat upon juries in the candidate on the Democratic ticket for Su­ so-called people's courts, and can relate many preme Judge. The election resulted, however, interesting and funny anecdotes of the proceed­ in favor of the other side, and in the defeat of ings in those pioneer tribunals of justice. The the whole of his ticket. But few men are following fall, his father and brother having more conscientious in the principles they advo­ entered the Union army, he returned to the cate than he, and none more Urm or resolute in family homo in Iowa, and in 1863, went to maintaining them. Pennsylvania, where he joined the Sanitary Commission there, and remained in its employ JUNIUS BERKLEY". at Harrisburg, Baltimore, Washington and Junius Berkley was born in Harrisville, vicinity, until 1865, near the close of the war. Ritchie Co., Va., June 1, 1842. He is the eld­ In 1866, he returned to Colorado, locating in est son of Judge Granville Berkley, whose Boulder, where he has since resided. Soon portrait and biography appear in this volume, after his return to Colorado, Mr. Berkley His mother, whose maiden name was Lydia resumed the study of law, and was admitted to H iff Nicklin, was of one of the old families practice in the Supreme Court of the State, and of Virginia, residing principally in the counties in the U. S. District and Circuit Courts, and of Loudoun, Wood and Tyler. Junius removed has since been engaged in the active practice with his parents to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1847, of his profession. At the first election held in and from there the following year to thâ State the State, in 1876, Mr. Berkley was elected a of Iowa, where he remained with the family Regent of the University of Colorado. In 1878, until the death of his mother, returning to he was re-elected to the same position for the Virginia in the spring of 1854, where he lived term of six years. He has also held the posi­ with his uncle, Dr. I. T. Nicklin, in Middle- tion of Secretary of the Board of Regents ever bourne, Tyler Co. Having received a fair com­ since its first organization. Mr. Berkley is mon-school education, he went to Marietta, married, and resides with his family (wife and Ohio, in 1857, where he attended the high infant daughter), on Front street, opposite the school and academy, preparatory to entering American House. He was married April 13, upon the study of law or medicine, not having 1879, near Iowa City, in Johnson Co., Iowa, to as yet decided which profession he would adopt. Miss C. Alfaretta Miller, daughter of John and Of tli3 professional men on his father's side of Mary A. Miller. Mr. Berkley takes an active the house, nearly all were lawyers, while on his interest in the affairs of the city and county, mot îer's side, they were doctors. In 1860, and is an influential and worthy citizen, and an he returned to Iowa, and commenced reading honored member of the bar of Boulder Co. law in his father's office at Webster City, but the great excitement about Pike's Peak, which ARTHUR W. BUSH. was then at its height, proved so interesting to A. W. Bush, the well-known jeweler of Boul­ him that in the spring of 1861, at the age of der City, was born in Liberty, Sullivan Co., N. nineteen years, he came to Colorado, crossing Y., April 2, 1841. He received a limited edu­ thj plains with train, in company with Mr. cation, such as the schools of that early day Thomas McCall, a farmer, now residing In afforded. In his thirteenth year, he went to Builder Co., in the St. Vrain Valley, and Port Jarvis, same State, and served a two dio BIOGRAPHICAL. year.-.' apprenticeship at the jewelry trade, after Burlington, being only one-half mile from it. which, he followed his trade at varions places, Mr. Beckwith has written a great many letters until his twenty-first year. He then embarked concerning Colorado that have been published in the jewelry business at Walton, N. Y., con­ by papers outside of the State, ami he has tinuing the same until 1865, when he removed been the means in early days of bringing to St. Cloud, Minn., where he was engaged in many settlers into his section of the country. the same business nine years. In 1874. he Politically, Mr. Beckwith is above partisanship, came to Boulder City, Colo., and again em­ being by nature a reformer. He is at present barked in the jewelry business, in which he Chairman of the State Central Committee of has since continued. Through fair dealing the Greenback Labor party, and is doing much and close attention to business, he has suc­ work in the matter of organization. He is ceeded in building up a good trade. also associate editor of his brother's paper, the Longmont Press, In 1865, he was married, in FRED C. BECKWITH. Bath, Me., to Miss Louise P. Fisher, a lady of The subject of this sketch was born on a culture and refinement, who belongs to one of farm in Lompster Township. Sullivan Co., N. the oldest and most respected families of Sag­ IL, Jan. 22, 1840. His boyhood was spent on adahoc Co. the farm and in his father's hotel. He was HIRAM BUCK. educated in the district and high schools of his Mr. Buck is one of the pioneers of Colorado, State and New York City, It was the inten­ who came here at an early date, and have en­ tion of his parents that he should receive a dured the hardships and deprivations incident collegiate education and enter the profession of to frontier life. He is of Now England parent­ tbe law, but the panic of 1857 caused his age, and was born in Portage Co., Ohio, June father to abandon that purpose. So, on the 8, 1836. His early life until his eighteenth year last of March, 1858, Fred, then only eighteen was spent on a farm, after which he served an years of age, packed his trunk and started for apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade. In the West, stopping one year in Rockford, 111. 1857, he removed to Grant Co., AVis., where he In April, 1859, he, with others, started with an followed farming two years. In the spring of ox team for Pike's Peak, arriving where Boul­ 1839, he came to Colorado, and followed mining der City now stands, in July, 1859. During at Gold Hill, Boulder Co., during that season. that summer, be took a land claim in the beau­ The following spring he engaged in the butch­ tiful valley of the St. Abrain, where he now ering business in Boulder City, continuing the resides. Four years were spent in mining, same one year, and subsequently one year at farming and hauling hay to the mountain Gold Hill. In the spring of 1S62, he rented a towns. He took an active part in starting the farm near Boulder City, where the Colorado town of Burlington, on the St. Vrain. He Central Railroad depot now stands, on which helped lay out roads, and get the overland he farmed until 1866, and subsequently on stage travel through that place. He built in Lower Boulder Creek four years. In 1870, he that place one store, one residence and two homesteadod eighty acres of, land in Boulder blacksmith-shops. He was engaged in general Valley, ton miles east of Boulder City, and pur­ merchandising from 1864 to 1870. He then chased forty acres of Railroad land, on which corresponded with the Locating Committee of he has since resided, engaged in agricultural the Chicago colony, and induced them to locate pursuits. During the past eight years he has the town of Longmont, which took the place of also run a threshing machine during threshing it,

BOULDER COUNTY. 611 seasons. Mr. Buck was married in February, cattle, and during the succeeding six years was 1870, to Mary Jane Jay, of Polo, 111. engaged in the stock business at Denver, and made three trips to the States for the purpose CHARLES C. BRACE, M, D. of purchasing cattle, which he drove across the This gentleman, a member of the medical plains. In 18(16, he purchased a farm of 160 profession of Boulder City, and one of her acres on Ralston Greek, in Jefferson Co., nine highly esteemed and honored citizens, who is miles northwest of Denver, on which he re­ ever ready to support laudable enterprises for moved and engaged in agricultural pursuits. the advancement of the interests of the city, In 1S71, he purchased 240 acres of land on was born in Grand Rapids, Mich., Nov. 3,1849. Boulder Creek, two miles north of Canlield, and His early life, until his eighteenth year, was the following year projected and made the sur­ spent in attending public and private schools vey for the Boulder and White Rock Ditch. In in his native city. He then went to Aurora, 1873, besohl his farm in Jefferson Co., and re­ 111., and attended the high school of that place, moved to his farm in Boulder Co., where he has from which he graduated. He subsequently since resided, engaged in farming, and to which continued Ids literary studies at the State Uni­ has added 960 acres of surrounding land. In versity at Lincoln, Neb., and also began the 1874, he completed the ditch at a cost of $20,- study of medicine, continuing the same until 000, and still holds a controlling interest in the the spring of 1875, when he graduated, as same, having retained eleven-twentieths of the Valedictorian and received the degree of M. D. stock. Since the completion of the ditch, he from the Hahnemann Medical College and has honorably filled the office of President of Hospital at Chicago, 111. During the same the company. Mr. Beasley has a family of nine year, he came to Colorado and located at children living, four boys and live girls Georgetown, where he engaged in the practice of his profession, and in mining until the fall JOHN G. BAUER. of 1876. He then came to Boulder City and This gentleman, a successful farmer and fruit opened an office, and has since been engaged grower of Boulder Co., is one of the few men in the active practice of medicine. Dr. Brace who are proving the fallacy of the theory is an energetic and an enterprising man, who that fruit cannot be successfullj' grown in Colo­ is wide-awake to the interests of his chosen rado, having an orchard laden with apples, profession. pears, plums and grapes in great varieties, Ger­ JAMES J. BEASLEY. man prunes, and small fruits of various kinds. This gentleman, one of Colorado's pioneers, Born in Baden, Germany, Dec. 9, 1825. His and an extensive farmer, who has taken an act­ early life, until attaining his majority, was ive part in the advancement of her agricultural spent on a farm, and in attending school. In interests, having been the projector and builder 1848, he served in the army during the Ger­ of the Boulder and White Rock Ditch, was born man Revolution, after which he came to Amer-, in Morgan Co., 111., Oct. 20, 1831. His early ica and located in Allen Co., Ohip, where he life was spent on a farm, and in attending dis­ followed farming two years. Ho then removed trict school. In his twenty-first year, he was tp Iowa and engaged in farming, near Des married to Miss Eliza Jones, of Schuyler Co., Moines, until 1861. On the breaking-out of Mo., whither he removed and engaged in farm­ the rebellion, he enlisted in Company A, 10th ing until the spring of 1860. He then came to Iowa V. I., and remained with his company Colorado, bringing with him a large drove of through all of its engagements, until the close

1 5> ^ I

612 BIOGRAPHICAL,

of the war, and was with Gen. Sherman on his ber, 1864, was consolidated with and formed march to the sea. He was honorably mustered Company I, of the 2d Colo. V. 0 He remained out of the service in November, 1865, after with his company through all its engagements, which he returned to his home in Iowa. In until honorably mustered out of the service, in the spring of 1866, he came to Colorado and October, 1865. He then returned to his farm, located at Jamestown, Boulder Co., where he to which he subsequently added 400 acres of followed mining two years. He then purchased adjoining laud, and has since been engaged in 160 acres of land on Left Hand Creek, on agricultural and pastoral pursuits. Mr. Budd which he removed, and has since been engaged is one of Boulder Co.'s most successful and in farming and fruit-growing. honored farmers and stock-raisers. He was married in September, 1873. to Miss Sainantlia SYLVANUS BUDD. Severns, daughter of Simon Severns, of Allen Among those who, in 1860, helped to swell Co., Ohio. the army of pioneers moving across the plains JOSEPH S. BARBER. to Pike's Peak, whose early experience was one Mr. Barber is one of the pioneer farmors of of deprivation and hardship, but whose subse­ Boulder Co., who has secured for himself a quent efforts have been crowned with abundant good home, and a decent competency, by hard success, is Sylvanus Budd, who has, during the work and frugal habits, among the rich agri­ past twenty years, boen extensively identified cultural lands of the South Boulder Valley, with the agricultural and pastoral interests of having been beset by many. difficulties and Boulder Co. Was born in Allen Co., Ohio, Feb. deprivations. He is of New England parent­ 5,1837. His early life, until attaining his ma­ age, and was born in Tioga Co., N. Y., Jn'y 23, jority, was spent on his father's farm, and in 1820. His early life was spent on a farm and attending district school. In the fall of 1858, in acquiring such education as the district he went to Fulton Co., Ind., where he remained schools of that early day afforded. In 1845, during the winter, thence, the following spring, he went to Merkten, Conn., where he was to Boscobel, Wis., near which place he worked engaged in farming and teaming six years, and on a farm two years. In the fall of 1859, he subsequently worked in a button manufactory went to Polk Co., Iowa, and attended school a three years, and in a Britannia manufactory part of the winter. The following spring, he one year. In 1855, he removed to Grinnell, came to Colorado and spent three months in the Iowa, near which place he followed farming different mining camps in the mountains. He seven years. In the spring of 1802, he came then took up 160 acres of land, on Left Hand to Colorado and engaged in agricultural pur­ Creek, Boulder Co., on which he was engaged suits on George F. Chase's farm, on South the remainder of the season in cutting hay, after Boulder Creek, continuing the same two sea­ which he sold his right to the land. In the sons. In the spring of 1864, he purchased 160 spring of 1861, in connection with D. Preffer, he acres of land on the same creek, four miles east purchased 160 acres of land o^ the same creek, of Boulder City, on which he has since resided, and followed farming one, year, when he again engaged in farming and stock-growing. Mr. sold out. He then homesteaded a quarter-section Barber was married, Oct. 22, 1852, to Miss of land, one and a half miles northwest of the Harriet Conklin, of Meriden, Conn., and has present site of Ni-Wot, and engaged in farming two sons, Edward, aged twenty-six, and Will­ one season. In the fall of 1862, he enlisted in Company B, 3d Colo. V. I., which, in Decem­ iam, twenty-four, who are now in charge of, and are running, his farm, William was mar- s

BOULDER COUNTY. 613 ried Nov. 28, 1878, to Miss Augusta Caraer, of erected a bank building, and established a pri­ Arapahoe Co,, Col. vate banking business, under the firm name of Buckingham Bros., which firm existed until CHARLES G. BUCKINGHAM. 1877, when the bank was changed to a National ! State Bank, of which Mr. Buckingham was The above-named gentleman, President of | made cashier, and subsequently President. He the National State Bank of Boulder, is one of has since resided in Boulder, successfully en­ Boulder's enterprising citizens, highly esteemed gaged in a general banking business. Aside for his admirable business qualifications, which from his banking business, Mr. Buckingham have secured for him influence and confidence, has acquired considerable landed property in not only in commercial and banking circles, but the State, and takes a lively interest in all among his fellow-citizens as well. He was matters conducive to public prosperity. born in Van Wert. ( )hio, and is descended from New England ancestry. His father was one of AUGUST BURK. the pioneers of Western Ohio, and was engaged Mr. Burk, an enterprising farmer of Boulder in mercantile pursuits. The subject of this Co., was born in Sweden Dec. 16, 1834. He sketch began his education in the public schools ! attended school until his tenth year, then served of his native place, and at the age of fifteen j an apprenticeship at the baking and confec­ entered the Oreenway Academy, at Spring­ tionery trade. He subsequently worked at his field, Ohio. After spending one year there, he trade in Denmark, Germany and England. In entered upon a regular classical course of study 1858, hecame to America,'and, after working at in Kenyon College, at Gambier, Ohio, but, in his trade in St. Paul, came, in the spring of 1859, his sophomore year, failing health compelled to Colorado and opened the first bakery in him to seek' rest and recuperation, and, reluc­ Denver that was opened in that city. In the tantly laying aside his studies, he traveled for fall of 1861, he removed to Central City, Gilpin some time, after which, with a view of Co., and opened a bakery, and also established acquainting himself with the banking business a bakery in Nevadaville, which he continued to and bank book-keeping, he entered the First run until the spring of 1864. He then followed National Bank of Van Wert. Ohio, and at the mining two years, after which he homesteaded end of six months, entered the hardware firm 160 acres of land, three miles northeast of of A. B. McCurdy & Co., as clerk, where he Boulder, on which he resided, engaged in farm­ remained two years, until failing health again ing and stock-raising until 1878. He then compelled him to retire from active business, rented a farm of 120 acres on South Boulder and he remained out of business until 1870, Creek, three miles east of Boulder City, on with the exception of a few months as book­ which he removed and is carrying on farming keeper for Warren & Wells, stave manufactur­ and stock-raising on that and his own farm. ers, at Van Wert, Ohio. Leaving Ohio in 1870, he came to Colorado with Dr. Charles Emerson, and established a bank at Greeley, MAJOR ORRIS BLAKE. under the firm name of Emerson, West & Colorado has many praiseworthy elements Buckingham, continuing a private banking within the precincts of her commercial and in­ business until his removal to Boulder, in the dustrial structure, illustrative of the spirit of spring of 1874. After locating in Boulder, he enterprise, energy and ability which character­ first purchased a lot in company with his ize her citizens, and as in this, so even in a more brother, Walter A. Buckingham, on which they marked degree is the prominence attained by 614 BIOGRAPHICAL. her legal profession. Associated prominently emoluments, he has uniformly declined, prefer­ with the Boulder bar is the well-known gentle­ ring rather to devote his attention to his pro­ man whose name heads this sketch, who, fessional work. through his admirable qualifications for the profession and legal ability, has secured the es­ ALFRED A. BROOKFIELD. teem and confidence not only of the members of Pew of Colorado's pioneers better represent the bar, but of his fellow-citizens as well. Born the true type and spirit of a Western man in Syracuse, N. Y., March 25, 1830, he spent than Alfred A. Brookfield. Among the early his boyhood days on a farm, and at the age of settlers of Boulder Co., he was a man of great nineteen began the study of law under Horace enterprise and business integrity, and was P. Biddle, of Logansport, Ind., now one of the prominent among the men who first organized Supreme Judges of that State. In 1853, he and founded the town of Boulder. Born in was admitted to the bar, and, after practicing Morristown, Morris Co., N. J., Jan. 31, 1830, one year at Logansport, removed to Peru, same and of English and Scotch descent on the pa­ State, where he continued in a lucrative prac­ ternal side. His father was a merchant, and tice three years, thence removed to Wabash, Alfred A. clerked in his father's store until Ind., and followed his profession until the reaching the age of manhood, when he became breaking-out of the rebellion. He entered the a partner with his father, and, at the end of army in August, 1861, as Captain of Co. A, 8th four years, engaged in the marble business, in Ind. Cav., and was assigned to Provost Marshal which he remained until 1856, then removed to duty on the staff of Maj. Gen. A. McD. McCook, Nebraska and settled in Nebraska City, engag­ of the regular army. In the spring of 1864, he ing in the grocery business in company with was promoted to Senior Major of the 12th George E. Crater, also dealt largely in agricult­ Ind. Cav., and again assigned to duty on the ural machinery. He was married in that oity, staff of Maj. Gen. A. McD. McCook. At the March 24, 1857, to Miss Emma Lorton, daugh­ close of the war, with an honorable record of ter of John Lorton, and, in the fall of that four years and three months' service, he was year, was elected Mayor of the city. In the mustered out, and returned to Peru, Ind., where fall of 1858, learning through the Georgia he-resumed the practice of law, continuing the Company that gold had been discovered at same successfully until his removal to Denver, Pike's Peak, he left his partner in charge of Colo., in January, 1872. He remained in Den­ their business and came to Colorado, arriving ver in a lucrative practice until Maj' 10, 1876, in October of that year. After prospecting thence removed to Boulder, since which time, along the different streams during that fall, he although prominently identified with the min­ began preparing for winter, and built several ing interests of Boulder Co., has devoted his cabins on the present site of Boulder, and, attention chiefly to his law practice, attaining a during the winter, in company with others, high standard of excellence #md honorable took steps for the organization of a town com­ practice in the legal profession, He is con­ pany. At the same time, he was engaged in nected with various mining interests, among prospecting and discovered the gold-bearing which are the Hercules, Little Daisy, Doss and quartz at Gold Hill and Gold Run. The In­ "Home mines, in Sugar Loaf District. The dians gave them no trouble, being friendlj' and Major is a genial gentleman, highly honored peaceable. In the spring of 1859, the Boulder and esteemed, as a useful member of society, Town Company was organized, of which he and, although often urged to accept political was made President, and a Mr. Buckwalter

i » BOULDER COUNTY. 615

Secretary. He then returned to Nebraska pany was organized, of which he became Presi­ City, closed out his business, and moved his dent, for the purpose of working the Horsfal family to Boulder. His -wife was one of the Lode, which, during the succeeding two years, first pioneer white women who settled in Boul­ while he filled that office, yielded over $300,000. der, and is one of the two of those pioneer Meantime, in 1861, he purchased a claim for women who still survive, Mrs. Judge Decker 160 acres of land on St. Vrain Creek, and be­ being the other. He then took up a ranche of gan stock-raising. In 1863, he sold his farm, 160 acres where the town of Valmont now and in 1864, during the Indian outbreak on stands, and was engaged in farming and stock- the plains, enlisted in the hundred-day service, growing until 1864, when he disposed of the and was a participant in the famous Sand Creek same, and, in May, 1865, removed to "Ward fight. In 1865, he returned East and spent District, Boulder Co. He resided there seven nine months in the States. He then came to years, engaged in the hotel business and min­ Colorado again and homesteaded 160 acres of ing operations, then returned to Boulder and land, and purchased 1,200 'acres, nine miles purchased the Colorado House, but soon after northwest of Longmont, where he has since leased the same, since which time ill health resided, engaged in farming and stock-raising, has compelled him to refrain from active bus­ principally the latter, and has improved his iness. farm, until he at present has the finestfar m WILLIAM K. BLOKE. and stock-ranche in Boulder County. Mr. Mr. Blore is a '58-er, who, when the first news Blore still owns an interest in the Horsfal of the discovery of gold at Pike's Peak was minevand is otherwise connected with the min­ heralded throughout the East, started for the ing interests of Boulder County. new El Dorado, arriving in Auraria, now Den­ ver, Nov. 2, and has remained a witness to the WILLIAM BAKER. growth and development of a barren desert As early as 1854, the subject of this sketch into a rich and prosperous State. He is of became a pioneer of the West, first traveling English and Oerman descent, and was born in across the plains, camping overnight where Otsego Co., N. Y., July 27, 1833. At an early Denver now stands, passing through the differ­ age, he removed with his parents to Erie Co., ent tribes of Indians, and over the mountain Penn., where his early life was spent on his range into California. Subsequently, he came father's farm, and in attending district school. to Colorado, and is one of the pioneer farmers In 1856, he went to Sarpy Co., Neb., and, dur­ of St. Vrain Valley, where he still resides. He ing the two succeeding years, was engaged in was born in Roane Co., Tenn., Dec. 28, 1827. the real estate business. Tn the fall of 1858, His early life was spent on a farm. In his six­ he came to Colorado and aided in organizing teenth year, he removed to Fulton Co., HI. ; the town of Auraria. where he remained until thence, in 1847, to Gentry Co., same State, and the following May, principally engaged in thence, in 1850, to Carroll Co., Ark., where he building. He then went to Cold Run, Boulder followed farming four years. In 1854, he went Co., and began placer-mining On June 13, to California by the overland route, and, during he, in company with M. L. McCaslin and Mr. the succeeding three years, was engaged in Horsfal, discovered the famous Horsfal Lode, mining near Yreka. Tn 1857, he returned to at Gold Hill, which, during that and the follow­ Carroll Co., Ark., by way of the isthmus route, ing season, yielded, by sluicing, $10,000. In and farmed one season. In the spring of 1859, the fall of 1860, the Gold Hill Mining Com- | he again started for California, but, on arriving Clü BIOGRAPHICAL. in Colorado, decided to remain here until the than a passing mention. Among her promi­ following spring. During July of that year, nent and successful merchants, who have, in he abandoned his contemplated trip to the Pa­ later years, been important factors in the prog­ cific coast, and took up 100 acres of land on St. ress of her business interests, and have con­ Vrain Creek, near the foot-hills, where he has tributed much to her prosperity, we may justly since been engaged in agricultural pursuits. mention Isaac Berlin, senior partner of the Mr. Baker was married in 1808 to Mrs. Par­ linn of Isaac Berlin & Co. He was born in inelia J. Franklin, the first white woman who the City of New York Nov. 10, 1847, and, at settled on St. Vrain Creek, and the widow of the age of thirteen, entered a dry goods and Benjamin A. Franklin. hoop-skirt and corset manufactory of that city. In his seventeenth year he went to Tennessee, JOHN D. BECK Uli, where he spent live years in a general mercan­ was born in Belgium Jan. 13, 1827, ami at an tile business, thence removed to Hannibal, Mo., early age learned the trade of a carpenter and where he resided eight years, gaining a high millwright, which business he followed in that reputation as an active and energetic business country until 1835, then emigrated to the man, during the greater portion of which time United States and located first in Virginia, but he was engaged in the grain and milling busi­ shortly afterward returned to New York City, ; ness. During the last year of his residence in where, he spent two years working at the car- j that city, he occupied the office of Tax Col­ penter's trade, thence to Iowa City, where he lector of the city, which he. filled with credit remained until 1830, thence emigrated to Colo­ to himself and honor to the city. In tbe sum­ rado, and was engaged in sawing lumber in the mer of 1870, he removed to Boulder, Colo,, to mountains, during the first year, after which he enter the wholesale grocery business, having, took up a ranche of 10O acres, on South Boul­ soon after his arrival, purchased the interests of der Creek, and has since devoted his attention Roper & Nesbit, in the grocery house of Itoh- principally to the dairy business. In 1805. in bius, Koper & Nesbit, and, after conducting company with Judge I'. M. Housel. be built the business one year under the linn name of Rob­ Butte flouring mill, and operated the same two bing & Berlin, lie purchased his partner's inter­ years, then turned his attention to farming'and est, lie then continued business alone, until dairying, remaining in that business up to the the formation of the present linn, when Ml'. X. present time. He was married the second L. Chedsey, who had served faithfully and efll- time in 1800, to Mary Dallen, and has a family ciently as his head clerk, became his partner, of six children—one son and five daughters. and business has since been conducted under the firm name of Isaac Berlin & Co. An ISAAC BERLIN. opportunity was then offered them of purchas­ The pleasing business aspect and other ¡ ing the entire general merchandise stock of Boettcher & Bros., which stock they closed out attractive features of the city of Boulder, j except the hardware, which they removed with made possible by the thrift and spirit of enter- j their grocery business into the well-known prise which pervades her citizens and mer­ Boettcher Block, having secured a lease of the chants, are in keeping with, and bear the same for a term of years, since which time they impress of, tbc grandeur of her surroundings— have conducted business prosperously, securing the magnificence of her valley on the one side, by their energy, gentlemanly business ways, fine and the sublime and picturesque beauty of her assortment and display of goods, a lucrative mountain wall on the other—and deserve more BOULDER COUNTY, 617

trade and standing, creditable to themselves were old settlers of Connecticut. His father, and to the city of Boulder. John L. Brainard, was a well-known notel man of Poland, Ohio. At the age of fifteen, he JOSEPH J. BARTLETT. went to .Muscatine, Towa, where he remained, Among the leading farmers of the St. Vrain engaged in the express business, until 185Ü, Valley may be mentioned J, J. Bartlett, who Thence started for Colorado, purchasing his was born in Northampton, Mass., Oct. 150. outfit at Rock Island, which consisted of five 1828. He was reared upon a farm, but enjoyed teams, two wagons and supplies, and traveled by the advantages of a liberal education. He re­ way of the Platte River route, arriving at Den­ mained with his parents until 1853, when he ver in June of that year. Erom that time un­ emigrated to California, where he was variously til 1801. he was engaged in freighting from Den­ engaged until 185G. lie then returned to Massa­ ver to the mining towns of ( Hlpin Co. In May, chusetts, where he spent a short time, and then 1801, he was married, at 0olden City, to Miss went to Minnesota. Tn 1838, lie went to New Anna MoCloury, who came with her parents Mexico, where he remained until spring of 1850, from Trumbull Co.. Ohio, to Colorado, in June, when he located near Atchison, Kan., and op­ 1859. After his marriage. Mr. Brainard set­ erated a saw-mill from 1800 to 180-1. In 1807, tled upon a farm in Jefferson Co., and seven he took charge of a flouring-mill at that place, years later entered the hotel business, at Den­ which he operated until 1S73, at, which time ver, continuing the same until his removal to the mill was destroyed by fire, and he sustained Boulder, in 1S72, where he opened, and has a loss of about $13.000 ; but with renewed zeal since conducted, the Brainard Hotel, with suc­ he set out to retrieve his fortune, and in Novem­ cess, and satisfaction to the public and credit ber, 1873, removed to Longmont, Colo., where to the city of Boulder, he has since been engaged in fanning, and rais­ ing Jersey cattle. Mr. Bartlett was married. CONRAD BARDELL, M. D. Feb. 3, 1859, to Miss Julia Abbott, of Ham­ This gentleman, a member of the medical burg, N. Y., and- has two children. profession of Longmont, was born in Jenaz, Switzerland, Aug. 20, 1830. At an early ago THOMAS CORWIN BRAINARD. he came, with bis parents, to America, and Thomas C. Brainard, proprietor of the Brain- located in Highland, Madison Co., 111., where ard Hotel, of Boulder, is a man whose life, as his early lifo was spent on a farm and in attend­ a pioneer citizen of Colorado, has been one of ing district school. In the spring of 1859, he as marked activity as it has been commendable, came to Colorado and followed mining in Rus­ and one in which we see the fruits of honest, sell Gulch and in the vicinity of Pike's Peak persevering industry. The public have found until the following full, when ho returned to him to be a careful and good manager, and Illinois. During the fall of 1801, he enlisted this, together with the amiable and courteous in the 2(ith 111. V. I,, as a member of the band, manner in which both himself and Mrs, Brain­ and served until July,' 1802, a portion of the ard receive their guests, have, secured them time in the regimental hospital, and was hon­ orably discharged, by general order discharging many warm friends, and to the Brainard Hotel ( well-deserved popularity and patronage. He j regimental bands. He then went to Switzer­ was born in Poland. Mahoning Co., Ohio. Feb. | land, where he read medicine one year, and 7,1S-12, and is descended from Irish and English i subsequently received the degree of M. D., in ancestry. His mother's family, Twist by name, ¡ September. 1809, at the Humboldt Medical Col-

& 618 BlOüllAPHICAL.

lege, in St. Louis, Mo. He began the practice fessional work. Patient, untiring industry has of medicine in Vandalia, TH., but at the expi­ always been the most important feature of his ration of one year, owing to failing health, he character, marking not only his maturer years joined the Greeley Colony, and removed to Gree­ and his professional career, but his early life ley, Colo. The following spring he joined the as well. Although he did not graduate until Chicago Colorado Colony, at Longmont, whither after his marriage, this however did not deter he removed, and practiced medicine about six him from completing the work which he had months. He then made a trip through Texas, started out to do. While engaged in study, he Arkansas and Missouri, for the purpose of find­ entered upon the work of the Christian minis­ ing a good location ; but, finding none more try, to which he devoted himself earnestly and favorable than Longmont, he returned, and has zealously, and attained a high degree of emi­ since been actively engaged in the practice of nence as a divine. Since coming to Colorado, his profession, to the interests of which he is although but a few years have elapsed, Prof. ever awake. Dr. Bardell was married in 1874, Cornell has fully maintained his reputation as to Miss Emma Barr, of Carroll Co., Mo., and a constant student, and has risen rapidly, has two sons. through his enthusiasm and sterling worth, to a H, N. BRADLEY. position of prominence in the educational affairs Among the many young men whose talents of Colorado. He was born at Athens, Ohio, and industry have given them a secure position April 12, 1842, and at an early age removed among the business men of Boulder, is the with his parents to Fulton Co., 111., where he above-named gentleman, senior member of the remained until attaining tho age of manhood; firm of Bradley & McClure. He was born in meanwhile, having but limited educational ad­ Sunderland, Bennington Co., Vt, May G, 184U. vantages, owing to the inability of his parents, He attended public school until twelve years who were, however, highly respected citizens in of age, then spent one year in the Burr & Bur­ the community, to procure for him a collegiate ton Academy, of Manchester, Vt., and subse­ education. Thus thrown upon his own respon­ sibility at the age of twenty, having previously quently, one year in the Bennington Academy, united with the conference of the United in North Bennington, same State. He then Brethren Church and licensed to preach, he clerked in his father's store in bis native town entered the ministry of that church, and was a six years, after which he engaged in the mer­ successful itinerant minister of the Gospel for cantile business in the town of Rupert, same the succeeding nine years in different parts of State, in which business he continued seven Illinois ; during which time he attended West- years. In 1873, he came to Colorado and field College, at Westfield, 111., one of the oldest located in Boulder, where he has since resided. and best educational institutions of tho United The following spring he, in connection with Brethren Church in that State, and, after com­ George M. McClure, opened a dry goods store pleting a thorough college course, received the on Pearl street, and, through fair dealing and degree of A. B. from that institution in 1870, close attention to business, they have succeeded In 1872, failing health compelled him to seek a in building up a large trade. change of climate, and coming to Colorado he was soon so restored to health as to be able to PROF. LEONIDAS SAMUEL CORNELL. resume his ministerial work. He then accepted Prof. Cornell, present Superintendent of the the position as Presiding Fldcr of the United public schools of Boulder Co., is a gentleman of Brethren Church for the district of Colorado, ripe scholarship and large experience in pro­ BOULDER COUNTY. 619

which position he has since held, but, owing to a public servant, with the highest sense of honor the inability of the church to pay a sufficient and integrity. He was married in July, 1864, salary for his support, he devoted a portion of to Miss Mary Dawson, daughter of Mr. Albert his time to teaching until 1877. In 1875, he Dawson, a prominent and wealthy citizen of removed to Boulder Co., where he has since Lexington, McLean Co., 111., and has a family resided, and, through his activity and enthusi- of four children. The Professor's fine social 5111, became prominently identified with the ed­ qualities and tastes render his home in Boulder ucational affairs of Boulder Co. In 1877, he an attractive social center to all, irrespective of received the nomination, at the hands of the parties or opinions. Republican County Convention, for the office of County Superintendent of Public Schools, and GEORGE P, CHASE. was triumphantly elected in October of that George P. Chase settled in Colorado and was year. He entered upon the duties of his office identified with the early days of her existence. in January, 1878, and shortly alter removed his As a citizen and business man, his career pre­ family from Longmont, where he had been sents the record of a busy and industrious Principal of the public schools, to Boulder City. life. He was born in Lowell, Mass., Aug. 3, He served so honorably and acceptably to the 1837. When he was about five years of age, people that, at the expiration of his term of his parents moved to York Co., Me., where his office, he was re-nominated by acclamation, and father was engaged in business as a carpenter elected by an almost unanimous Republican and joiner. His parents were natives of the and Democratic vote of the county, there being State of New Hampshire, and of English an­ no opposing candidate, except that of the cestry. The subject of this sketch remained Greenback party. Prof. Cornell has discharged at his father's home in York Co., Me., until the duties of Superintendent of Public Instruc­ attaining the years of manhood. In 1857, he tion in a thorough, conscientious and method­ emigrated to Iowa, and resided with his sister, ical manner, and has labored earnestly to estab­ who lived in Clinton Co., near the Mississippi lish a standard of school work fully equal to River, until 1859. Thence emigrated to Colo­ that of similar institutions in the Eastern States. rado, arriving in Boulder in July of that year. How well he has succeeded, the present flourish­ After spending about three months in pros­ ing condition of the schools attest, together pecting and mining, he settled upon a farm with his popularity as a man of sound ability four miles from Boulder, which he still owns. and broad culture. As a demonstration of this Here he remained until 1864, when he returned on Aug. 26, 1880, at the Republican State Con­ East, and was married, May 14, 1864, in York vention held at Leadville, Prof. Cornell was pre­ Co., Me., to Miss Augusta A. Staples, daughter sented by the Republicans of Boulder Co., as a of Isaac Staples. He returned to Boulder, candidate for State Superintendent of Public In­ Colo., in the fall of that year, and was engaged struction, and received the nomination over in agricultural pursuits for the succeeding five Hon. J. 0 Sbattuck, who had filled the position years, then removed to Boulder, where he has for four years with signal ability. Prof. Cornell since resided, and has devoted his attention was elected to that office in November following. chiefly to gardening and fruitgrowing. Mr. He is a man of fine presence and in the prime Chase is an honorable and worthy member of and vigor of a useful life, and it may be well the Masonic society, and has held the office of said of him that he has discharged faithfully Treasurer of that society during the greater every duty presented to him as a citizen and portion of his eleven years' membership. In

~*~7 s r~ Y 620 BIOGRAPHICAL.

religious matters, he is a Congregationalist, continued to run until March, 1880, when they and, for fourteen years, has held and honorably sold out ta Harlow & Moody. In June, fol­ filled the positions of Trustee and Deacon of lowing, he purchased an interest in the store, that church. He was also one of the organiz­ and Aug. 1, bought Moody's interest, since ers and builders of the Central City and Boul­ which time the firm has been known as Colton der Valley toll roads, and has since been one & Harlow. In 1874, he was elected Superin­ of the Board of Directors from time to time. tendent of Public Schools in Ionia Co., Mich., As a citizen of Boulder, Mr. Chase is highly which office he honorably filled two years. esteemed as a man of sterling worth and in­ Mr. Colton was married, Oct. 7, 1808, to Miss tegrity, .ne was County Commissioner three Sylvia S. Hoyt, of Orleans, Ionia Co., Mich., years, and one of the Town Trustees one year. and has three daughters. In 1866, he also took up land in Weld Co., and was engaged in the stock business, continuing SAMUEL COPELAND. the same until he sold his farm in 1875. In Samuel Copeland is well known as one of 1859, he was engaged in gulch mining in Bus- Colorado's stanch and worthy pioneers, hav­ sell Gulch, Gilpin Co. ing been au early citizen of Gilpin County, and subsequently a resident of Boulder. He has WILLIAM B. COLTON. been intimately connected with the business W. B. Colton, Sr., member of the firm of affairs of Boulder County for a number of Colton & Harlow, proprietors of a grocery and years, and for over a score of years has been bakery on Pearl street, Boulder, is of English an active, conscientious business man, and an and French descent, and was born in Portage upright and honorable citizen of Colorado. Co., Ohio, March 10, 1840. His early life, un­ Be was born in Dexter, Penobscot Co., Me., til he was nine years of age, was spent on a Nov. 25, 1819, and is descended from New farm and in attending district school. He England ancestry. His father's family were then entered the Nelson Academy, in the town early pioneers of New Hampshire, and his of Nelson, in his native county, which he at­ mother was a rative of Massachusetts. The tended during the succeeding four years. In subject of this sketch lived at home on his 1853, he removed with his parents to Ionia father's farm un il about sixteen years of age, Co., Mich., and during the succeeding year at­ and was educated in St. Albans and Charleston tended the Oberlin College, at Oberlin, Ohio. Academy, in Maine ; after which, he entered He then worked on a farm and taught school mercantile life as clerk in a store, remaining until his twenty-first j'ear. During the suc­ until he had reached his majority. He then ceeding nine years, he was engaged in farming embarked in the mercantile business on his during the summer seasons, and taught school own account and continued the same there five during the winters. In 1803, he went to Cali­ years ; at which time, his father, with the rest fornia via the isthmus route, and taught school of the family, removed to Dexter, Mich., while and clerked in a hotel in Nevada Co. two years. he went to St. Andrews, Province of New He then returned to Ionia Co., Mich., by the Brunswick, and continued to reside there until same route, and followed fanning and teaching 1848, when he went to Michigan and lived until March, 1879, when he came to Colorado there most of the time for the next four years, and located in Boulder City. Shortly after­ and in April, 1853, for the benefit of his health, ward he, in connection with J. H. Cooley, left for Havana, Cuba, where he occupied his opened a bakeiy and grocery store, which they attention in artistic work, painting and draw-

BOULDER COUNTY. 023 ing, etc. About a year later, he returned to COL. B. L. CARR. Michigan, and embarked in the lumber manu­ Among the old veteran soldiers of the late facturing business at East Saginaw, on the civil war, who have made Colorado their home, Saginaw River, and carried on the same, to­ may here be mentioned in terms of worthy gether with his mercantile business, for the commendation the name and history of Col. B. succeeding five years. His health then failing L, Carr. He is universally esteemed through him again, he closed up his business, and. in his careful and faithful discharge of duty as a the spring of I860, started for the gold fields member of the legal profession, and, as a citi­ of Colorado, outfitting at St. Joseph, Mo., with zen of Longmont, has become influential and twenty-eight yoke of oxen, four horses and popular and a valued member of society. He eleven wagons, loaded with steam boilers, was born in Grafton Co., N. II., Sept. 11, origines, saw and shingle mill, and quartz-mill 1,842. His early life was passed upon a farm. machinery. Upon Iiis arrival in Colorado, he At the age of fifteen, he entered a seminary at found his quartz-mill could not be made availa­ Newberry, Vt., continuing until the opening of ble or practicably operated, and abandoned the the war. when he entered the army, April 20, same. He then proceeded to Gilpin County 1801, in the 2d N. H, V. I. for three months' with his saw-mill, and set up and operated the service, again re-enlisting, on Jan. 20, 1862, in same in a gulch, which he named Michigan Co. M, 1st R. I. V. C, and, in 1864, was trans­ Gulch, until 1803, meanwhile, devoting a por­ ferred with Co. M to the 1st N. H. V. C. In tion of his time to mining. Thence removed September, 1864, at tbe battle of Fisher's Hill, to Boulder and established and operated his the thumb of his left hand was shot away, and, Steam saw and shingle mill, until 1870, having at the close of the battle at Appomattox, at become the principal lumber merchant of Boul­ the time of Lee's surrender, he lost Iiis right der : and during the latter three years of that arm by grape-shot. During tho war. lie was time, he was also engaged in the mercantile taken prisoner and confined six months in business. Although having retired from the Belle Isle and Libby Prisons. After his dis­ active pursuit of his business, he is still inter­ charge, in 1865, he returned to New Hamp­ ested in the same. Mr. Copeland is the owner shire, and again attended school at the semi­ of valuable real estate in Boulder, and one of nary at Newberry. Vt., where he remained until her influential and prominent citizens. He 1867. He then removed to Wnukegan, Lake was married May 1. 1862. to Ellen E. Barnard, Co., 111., where he held the position of Princi­ daughter of Timothy Barnard, of Saginaw Cityr, pal of the high school about eighteen months, Mich., who were originally from New Hamp­ after which he was chosen Superintendent of shire. His wife, Ellen E. Copeland, was born the public schools of that county, and resigned in the town of Gilmanton, N. II., July 27, that position to remove to Colorado in 1871, 1831, She went with her parents from Gilman­ meantime having read daw under E. P. Ferry, ton to Oldtown. Penobscot Co., Maine, in 1832, who is now Governor of Washington Territory, and there lived until the year 1859, when she and admitted to the bar in 1869. In 1871. he removed with her parents to Saginaw City, removed to Colorado and located at Longmont, Mich. He has three sons—Evart B. Cope­ where he has since been engaged in the active land, born in Saginaw City, Mich., Sept., 16, practice of his profession. In the fall of 1872, 1863 ; Melville P. Copeland, born in Boulder, he was elected Dist rict Attorney for the Second Colo., Jan. 31, 1865, and Royal T. Copeland, Judicial District of Colorado, and held two horn in Boulder, Colo., Sept.. 30, 1S67 years. He was also a member of the Consti- CS

834 BIOGRAPHICAL.

tutional Convention that framed the Constitu­ 1 and a fund of $3,000 was raised. Mr. Carna- tion of Colorado. In the Masonic fraternity, ! han was intrusted with the expenditure of this he haa held varioua important offices, and, in fund in the purchase of seed at Kansas City, 1879, was elected to the office of Grand Master he having been the choice of the farmers for for the State of Colorado, which office he now that important trust. During those grasshop­ holds. He was married, in October, 1867, to per years, Mr. Carnahan exhibited a notable Miss Mary L. Pease, of Waldo Co., Me., and liberality and generosity of spirit personally has two children, a daughter of twelve years, toward supplying farmers without means, with and a son one year old. seed wheat, waiting for re-payment till the years of plenty. His generosity and public JOHN M. CARNAHAN. spirit commands universal respect. As a I'his gentleman, an extensive farmer and an fruit-grower, he takes rank with tho foremost enterprising and highly respected citizen of in the country, and has now successfully grow­ Boulder Co., was born near Pittsburgh, Penn., ing upon his farm some of the. finest orchards Nov. 21, 1833. His early life, until attaining of both large and small fruits of the choicest the age'of manhood, was spent on his father's varieties. His orchards have now almost farm and in attending district school, after reached the age of full bearing, and exemplify which he embarked in the mercantile business, the success to be attained in this department continuing the same six years. In 1861, he by skillful and careful culture. removed to Riley Co., Kan., where, during the succeeding nine years, he was engaged in farm­ LEWIS CHENEY. ing and stock-growing, and, during the last Lewis Cheney was born in the county of Cat­ three years of that time, was also engaged in taraugus, State of New York, April 4, 1830 freighting across the plains. In 1870, here- Removed to Stephenson Co., 111., when a small moved to Colorado, and purchased twenty boy, and was raised at hard work on a farm, acres of land at White Rock, Boulder Co., without any advantages of schools. Managed where he has since resided, and owned a one- to gather information sufficient to conduct his .third interest in the White Rock Flouring-Mill, own business, and, as his business interests in­ ' which he continued to operate until it was creased, the necessary business education fol­ burned down in .1878. Since his residence at lowed. He crossed the plains in the year 1850, White Rock, he has, by pre-emption and pur­ arriving in California late in the fall, and en­ chase, added 500 acres of adjoining land to gaged in mining about one year, the returns his original twenty. Mr. Carnahan has always from which were very satisfactory. After taken a lively interest in all matters pertaining freighting and dealing in stock almost three to the advancement óf the industries of the years, he returned to his old home in Illinois county, and especially the agricultural inter­ in the summer of 1854 and engaged in the ests. During the prevalence of the grasshop­ mercantile business in the fall of that year in the per scourge, in 1875, when the grain crops town of Lena, Stephenson Co., 111. After sell­ throughout the county then just coming on, ing goods about one year, he closed out his were . entirely destroyed, and many farmers stock and invested in a farm and went to work were without means of purchasing seed for re- as of old. Having accumulated a little money— sowing, application was made to tbe moneyed profits from his California trip and mercantile men of the county and of the city of Denver, business, together with his successful farming for what was termed a Farmers' Relief Loan, operations—in the spring of 1866, he sold his

*F|s r* s BOULDER COUNTY. 6t'.r)

farms, all his stock anil running implements. Í died at Holden, Mo., September, 1869. He was He then invested §15,00(1 in Govern meut bonds. married tbe second time at Holden, Mo., Janu­ He had at this time, also, #10.000 of notes well ary, 1871, to Miss Sarah A. Milner, daughter of secured, which he left with his wife. Taking Oliver Milner, of Indiana, and has a family of $10,000 cash, he started tbr Montana. On his six children—throe daughters by his first mar­ arrival at Plattsmouth, Neb.. .May 20. 180(5, he riage, and two sons and one daughter by his met his brother, and together they purchased a second marriage. lot of freight teams, and loaded them with sup­ plies, purchasing at the same time something GEORGE W. CHAMBERS. over 400 head of cattle, with which they started Among the early pioneers of Colorado who for ¡Montana. After passing up the Platte have dining the past twenty-one years resided River to Ft. Laramie very pleasantly, they were in Boulder Co., and have been prominently informed there by officers in charge that they identified with its mining and agricultural in­ would have no trouble in passing over the terests, is the subject of this sketch. He was Boesman route. But, after continuing their born in Westmoreland Co., Penn., May 9, 1826. journey some distance, they were attacked by His early life was spent on a farm and in Sioux and Cheyenne Indians, at a point called acquiring such education as the schools of that, Dry Fork and Wind River, whore his brother early day afforded. In his eighteenth year, he was shot and killed and he narrowly escaped began school-teaching during winters, and dur­ the same fate, but managed to save the entire ing the summers was variously occupied. In train, wintering at the head of the Missouri 1853, he removed to Poweshiek Co., Iowa, where River, and sold out during the winter and he continued to teach school during winters spring. He then returned to his home in July, and worked at carpentering during the summer 1867. After selling his residence in Lena, 111., seasons. In 1855, he removed to Newton, he moved to Holden, Mo., and there started a Jasper Co., also in that State, and engaged in bank, under the firm name of Smith & Cheney, the drug business, continuing the same until July 1, 1868. Organized the Bank of Holden, 1859. He then came to Colorado and located in the year 1871, of which he was elected Presi­ at Gold Hill, in what is now Boulder Co.. dent, and held that position until his resignation where he followed mining three years. In was accepted one year ago (1879). He also 1862, he removed to Boulder Valley and pur­ helped to organize the Bates Co. National Bank, chased a land claim, and, shortly afterward, of Butler, Mo., in the year 1874, and after its homesteaded a quarter-section Of land five organization was elected President, which posi­ miles cast of Boulder City, on which he re­ tion he now retains. He is the largest stock­ moved. During the succeeding ten years, he holder in both the above-named institutions. was engaged in agricultural pursuits, and Hè came to Boulder, May 10, 1877, and organ taught school two winters. In 1872, he again ized the Plrst National Bank Of Boulder^ in removed tó Gold Hill, Where he resided during company with I. M. Smith and others, Of which the succeeding four years, engaged in mining. he was elected President, and has since honor­ He then returned to his farm, and has since ably filled that position ; the other officers of been engaged in farming, and, at the same this last-named institution being W. H. Thomp­ time, continuing his mining operations in the son, Vice President, and W. H. Allison, Cashier. mountains. He owns the Golden Crown and He was married, first, in Stephenson Co., 111., White Cloud, at Gold Hill, also an interest in September, 1855, to Miss Margaret Blair, who various other mines in different parts of the

4 e> '- 620 BIOGRAPHICAL. county. In 1861, he was appointed by tbe mercial college at Galena, 111. In 1870, he Jefferson Territorial Legislature one of the spent one year in his father's store, in Bellevue, first County Commissioners, and, the following and subsequently was engaged one year with a spring, was elected the first Treasurer of Boul­ company in surveying the Dubuque, Clinton & der Co., which office he honorably filled one Chicago Railroad. He then returned home, term. In 1870, he was elected Justice of the and remained in the store until the fall of Peace, which office he has almost continuously 1874, after which he came to Denver, Colo., filled since. He was married, Oct. 12, 1848, to where he was engaged with Lee & Coulehan, Miss Eliza J. Jones, daughter of Hon. John dealers in agricultural implements, until July, Jones, of Congruity, Penn. 1875. He then came to Boulder, and took charge of I. M. Field's grocery store, remaining CHARLES P. CHEDSEY six months. He subsequently clerked for Field was born in Guilford, New Haven Co., Conn., & Hill, forwarding and commission merchants June 6, 1817. He is descended from New of Pueblo, in their branch house at Cucharas. England ancestry, who were among the early In November, 1876, he returned to Iowa, but ow­ settlers of New Haven, Conn. When he was ing to failing health, went to Texas, where he about three years old, his parents removed to spent the winter traveling for the commercial Durham, Middlesex Co., where he remained, house of M. Hinsey. In the spring of 1877, he engaged in farming, until 1841. He was mar­ returned to Iowa and closed up his father's ried, in 1840, to Miss Sarah C. Squires, daugh­ business, after which he again came to Boulder. ter of Anson Squires, of Durham, Conn., and a Shortly after his arrival, he engaged in the flour, sister to Fredrick Squires, one of the pioneers grain and agricultural implement business. In of Boulder. In 1841, he removed with his the spring of 1880, owing to the increase of family, to - Marshall, Calhoun Co., Mich., also business, he sent for his brother Charles, who accompanied by his parents, who remained there immediately came to Boulder, and purchased several years. He returned in 1842, to Con­ an interest in the firm, since known as J. C. necticut, and was engaged in farming near Coulehan & Bro. Through fair dealing and Durham and North Guilford, until 1872, when close attention to business, they are building he removed to Colorado and located at Boulder, up a large trade. He was married, Sept. 3,1879, having purchased property and built a resi­ to Miss Mamie McCaslin, daughter of Matthew dence, where he now resides. He has since McCaslin, and was the first white child born at devoted his attention to gardening and farm­ Gold Hill, Boulder Co. ing. He has a family of nine children—five sons and four daughters. JOSHUA E. CHAPMAN. Mr. Chapman, one of Boulder County's pio­ J. 0. COULEHAN. neer farmers and worthy and honored citizens, This gentleman, senior member of the firm was born in Madison Co., Ohio, Sept. 23, 1826. of J. C. Coulehan & Bro., dealers in flour, grain, He is of English and Irish descent, and' spent and agricultural implements, was born in Lan­ his early life on a farm. In 1850, he removed caster, Ohio, Dec. 2, 1852. At an early age, to Cass Co., Iowa, where during the succeeding he removed with his parents to Sheboygan, thirteen years ho was engaged in farming. In Wis. ; thence, in 1861, to Bellcvue, Iowa. His 1863, he came to Colorado, and purchased a early life was spent in attending school, and, in claim for 120 acres of land on St. Vrain Creek, 1809, he took a commercial course in a com­ six miles west of Longmont, on which he has BOULDER COUNTY. 027

since resided, engaged in fanning and stock- Boulder Co.. and a stock ranche in Larimer raising, and has from time to time purchased Co., having in all about 500 acres. additional land, until he at present owns 4SI) acres of well-improved land. In tho fall of SYLVESTER SPEI.MAN DOWNER, 1877, he was elected Justice of the Peace, which The subject of the following brief sketch is office he honorably filled two years. Mr. the recently elected County Judge of Boulder Chapman was married, Jan, 8, 1852, to Miss Co. Mr, Downer was born in Zanesville, Ohio, Martha I). Richardson, of Cass Co., Iowa, and Sept. 12, 1853. His family removed to Gran­ has a family of four children, one son and ville, same State, when he was but three years three daughters. old. lie attended college at Dcnison Univer­ sity, Greenville, until his junior year was com­ ROBERT CULVER. pleted, in the spring of 1873, when he came to This gentleman is well known among the citi­ Colorado on account of failing health, stayed zens of Boulder as an active man in her inter­ one year at Evans, Weld Co., and, in tbe sum­ ests, and was an early settler and among the mer of 1874, returned (o Ohio. In the fall, he first mill men in the county. He was born in went to Columbia Law School, in New York Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., March 6, 1S30. His City, where he remained two years under in­ grandfather, Noah Culver, was among the old struction of the celebrated Theodore W. settlers in the New England States, and his Dwight, LL.D. In May, 1876, he graduated, father, Lyman Culver, followed farming and and was admitted to the New York bar the lumbering. Until about fifteen years of age, the same month. Ho comes of stalwart stock, his subject of this sketch remained upon the farm father, Edward M. Downer, a banker at G rau- at home, then entered Randolph Academy, now ville, having been one of the Hayes Electors in Chamberlain Institute ; after three j-ears at that 1876. Soon after graduating, Sylvester re­ academy, he went to Chicago and was there en­ turned to Colorado, locating at Boulder in the gaged in the produce business eight years. practice of his chosen profession. His real Early in the spring of 1860, he emigrated to ability, united with modesty becoming a 3'oung Colorado, bringing with him the first quartz- man, have steadily advanced him in business mill set up and operated by steam at Gold Hill, and public favor until, with scarcely an effort Boulder Co. Here he was engaged in mining on his own part, he has been elected to the and milling three years, then removed to honorable and responsible position of Couiuy Boulder City, and rented a farm of 160 acres Judge of Boulder Co. from 0. J. Goss, this farm is situated between Boulder City and the State University, eighty HON. LEWIS H. DIXON. acres of which is now within the corporate Hon. Lewis H. Dixon, recently elected on limits of Boulder and partially built up. Mr. the Republican ticket to the Colorado Legisla­ Culver has since resided in Boulder and de­ ture, was born in Franklin Co., Ohio, in 1834. voted his attention chiefly to stock-growing and He moved with his father's family to Dane Co., building houses on his addition. He was Wis., in 1845, and was raised a farmer. In elected and served two years as Clerk and Re­ 1859, he came among the earliest to Colorado, corder of Boulder Co. He was also Clerk of and was mining in Boulder Co. in the fall of the District Court, after which he purchased that year. He helped sink the first shaft on the farm above mentioned, besides this, he is Gold Hill. The next year, he mined in Cali­ now owner of two fine farms on St. Vrain Creek, fornia Gulch, where the city of Leadville now «28 BIOGlíAPIIICAL. stands. In 1801, he came back to Boulder ancestry. He was educated in an academy at Co. and located in the valley on the rauche he Andover, Mass., and at Phillips Academy, but, now lives on, near Longmont, Though not a as his forefathers were sea-faring men before soldier of tlio great civil war, he has borne him, his greatest ambition was to go to sea and arms for the good of his country, having been follow a sailor's life. With this determination one of the immortal few who struck for the he left home. His mother, however, being liberty of Colorado at Sand Creek, during the averse to his going to sea, finally prevailed Indian war in 186L He has been a Repub­ upon him co abandon this project and enter lican from the party's birth, easting his first Lafayette College. At the ago of twenty, ho vote for Fremont. Mr. Dixon is a man of left school and joined a corps of engineers, as sterling character. Intelligent industry has rodman, on the survey of the Memphis & made him independent in property, and up­ La Grange Railroad, in Tennessee, during the right dealing and ready response to every construction of which, he was promoted to demand of good citizenship have given him a assistant engineer, and remained so until the high place in the respect and esteem of his completion of the road. He then joined his neighbors. Thoroughly acquainted with every mother, who had moved to Alton, 111., and was home interest of the State, he can be relied there engaged as assistant division engineer on upon as a legislator who will know his duty the Alton & Terre Haute Railroad one and one- toward all classes, and will not be afraid to do half years, until work was suspended on that it under all circumstances. road. Removing then to Iowa City, he fol­ lowed civil engineering about two years, then WILLIAM A. DAVIDSON. purchased a farm of 1,500 acres, in Clinton This gentleman was one of Colorado's ear­ Co., Iowa, in partnership with his brother, nest and industrious pioneers, and one of the about one-half of which was under cultivation. stalwart company of Western men of signal The farm being situated on the emigrant route energy and intelligence; not the drones or to California, he soon became infused with the mere adventurers, or men without education desire to enter the adventurous and exciting and business qualifications, nor were they men scenes of Western life, and in the spring of similar in disposition, purpose or inclination 1850, having made up a party of four, he tç/the noted wild and uncouth trappers, with started for California, with an outfit amply suf­ whom the more-staid people of the Bast at ficient for such a journey. Upon reaching first classed them, but the men who, as the Green River, taking advantage of an oppor­ history of the wonderful progress and trans­ tunity to make some money to increase his formation of the country has well proven them outfit and supplies, he hired two boats, and to have been, settled down at the foot of mount­ operated a ferry line across that river for ten ain walls, in a region seemingly unfit for hab­ days, clearing $1,400. He then proceeded on itation, with a fearless determination, to lay his journey, by way of Salt Lake, and, after the foundations of a State, whose mighty re­ leaving the latter place, he deviated from the sources and industries have Hcome the pride regular trail, and the journey through there of the Union. William A. Davidson is a native proved to be one of great difficulty and dan­ of Pennsylvania. He was born in Philadel­ ger, the party being often without water, and phia, Aug. 10, 1817. He is descended, on the harassed by hostile Indians. After finally one side, from the old Quaker stock of Penn­ reaching California, he located at Placerville, sylvania, and, on the other side, from Puritan El Dorado Co., where he discovered the Wiscon- BOULDER COUNTY. 629

sin har, and secured a large amount of gold. their mine, proceeded on a trip for the purpose Thence went into Sierra Co., where he found of examining the country and selecting the rich diggings, the highest such known on the best route for the line of the Union Pacific continent, and then spent the summer of 1S51 Railroad. Before returning, they visited Idaho in successful operations, having built a ditch to City, where they purchased amine for $120,000, facilitate his work. He remained there during and in the latter part of the winter of 1865, the winter of 1852, which was one of severe left San Francisco, by steamer, for New York cold and exceedingly heavy falls of snow. In City. Previous to this, however, ho had ordered the spring of that year, he went to Amador extensive mining nnd milling machinery from Co., and purchased a farm of 3,000 acres, Chicago, to bo shipped to Grinnell, Iowa, which, built a saw-mill and sluice-ditch, and continued after his return in the spring of 1865, he con­ mining and lumbering until 1856, when the veyed across the plains, requiring a train of 205 death of his brother necessitated his return to ox teams, and a large force of men. The trip to Iowa to settle up his estate. During that year, the Missouri River was beset with rain and he sold his property in California, and remained floods ; the latter part of the journey across in Iowa until the spring of 1859, when he came the plains was accomplished with less difficulty. to Colorado, locating in Bouldor ; built a log After four months on the road, he succeeded in house and engaged in merchandising with S. getting tho machinery to the mine. This was M. Breath. In the fall of that year he removed the first and largest enterprise undertaken in to Golden, continuing merchandising until the the mining and milling of Colorado. He im­ fall of 1860, during which time he built the mediately built the mill, and on Aug. 10, first ditch in Colorado, from Golden City to the started twenty-five stamps. On the 7th of No­ Arapahoe Co. bar. He spent tbe following vember, he set in operation twenty-five stamps year on an OKtended trip through the San more, but upon the completion of the mill, it Juan country. His adventures with the In­ was destroyed by fire, on Nov. 10. They then dians, hardships and sufferings, often without re-built the mill aná operated the same until water and food, in one of the most desolate and February, 1867, when they reached iron, pyrites wild countries on the continent, would be full in the mine, which, being unable to treat, neces­ of interest and romance, had we space here to sitated the closing down of their mill, which relate them. Returning from this trip, he remained so until 1870. when Mr. Davidson settled in Golden and turned his attention to came into possession of the property, which he mining and milling. He built and successfully has since owned and operated. In 1870, he operated a six-stamp mill in Ward District, built his present residence on his farm, eight until 1864, realizing large profits, having asso­ miles east of Boulder. This farm Mr. David­ ciated with him Mr. S. M. Breath and Mr. son became the owner of in 1859, and contains Pomeroy. During the summer of 1864, they 600 acres. His subsequent improvements have discovered the Ni Wot mine, which proved very made it one of the finest farms in the Boulder rich. He spent the fall of 1864 and winter of Valley. The grounds are now ornamented with a , 1865, in New York City, where he organized a variety of native and imported trees, including mining company, called the Ni Wot Company. maple, elm, chestnut and walnut. The land is He then accompanied Henry Dakin and C. S. all improved to meadows and wheat culture. His Trowbridge, and other members of his com­ residence was built of concrete, under his own pany, who were also interested in the Kansas supervision, and was the. first such built in Pacific Railroad, to Colorado, and, after visiting Boulder Co. In 1870, Mr. Davidson, in com- 630 BIOGRAPHICAL. pany with Mr. W. A. H. Loveland, C. C. Welch, he returned to his farm in Wisconsin, where he H. M. Teller, and other prominent Colorado continued to carry on farming and lead-mining men, organized the Davidson Coal and Iron until 1830. lie then removed to Waukesha Company, of which Mr. Davidson was Presi­ County, same State, and engaged in the mer­ dent. This company owned 8,000 acres of cantile business, and in running a match-fac­ land, separated into two parcels by Mr. David­ tory, continuing the same two years. In 18.")2, son's home place, and contains coal and iron. he removed to Allamakee Co., Iowa, where he From the Boulder intervale, these table-lands purchased and ran a saw-mill. In 1803, he gradually rise, sloping smoothly, like a terraced came to Colorado, and, in company with Austin garden, containing about 2,000 acres of the Smith, erected a saw-mill in Ward District, high plain, and 0,000 acres of the brown clay Boulder Co., which they ran until 1800, when wheat lands. Without water, this land would he purchased Mr. Smith's interest, since which have been worthless for agricultural purposes; time, ho and his son, Charles L., have run the and, as all of the land was above the ditches mill. In 1865, he pre-empted 160 acres of then existing, the company constructed a canal land eight miles northeast of Boulder City. six feet wide at the bottom and two feet in In 1867, he returned to Iowa for his family, depth, from the South Boulder Creek, at the and on the way across the plains, was twice entrance of the cafion, extending the same attacked by Indians, but after sharp skirmish­ eleven miles to the eastern slope of the tract of ing, escaped without loss. He has since resided land, high enough to irrigate all of the tillable on his farm, engaged in agricultural pursuits land. This canal cost $13,000. The company and in running his saw-mill, and has devoted have made extensive exploitations on their lands considerable attention to mining in the mount­ for coal, and have found the same to be under­ ains, being the discoverer and owner of the laid with valuable coal veins. Grey Bird Mine, in Ward District, and in con­ nection with his sons, Charles L. and F. W., JOHN DAVIS. owns the Mayflower in same district, and is Mr. Davis is one of the enterprising and suc­ otherwise connected with the mining interests cessful farmers of Boulder County, who have of that district. demonstrated that agricultural pursuits can be successfully carried on in Colorado. He has JAMES W. DEVEL1NE. also, during tbe past seventeen years, been This gentleman, senior member of the firm of identified with tbe mining, lumbering and saw- J, W. Develiue & Son, proprietors of the milling interests of this county. Was born in Boulder Iron Foundry and Machine Shop, was Franklin Co., Mass., April 30,1817. His early born in Tyrone, North Ireland, in May, 1815. life, until his ninth year, was spent ou a farm, At an early age, he came with his parents to and in attending school ; after which, he worked America, and located in Cleveland, Ohio. In in a cotton factory during the succeeding fifteen his sixteenth year, he served an apprenticeship years. In 1811, he went to Grant Co., Wis., at the machinist's and founder's trade, continu­ where he took up a farm, ou which he discov­ ing to work at the same in Cleveland a number ered lead, and followed farming and lead-min­ of years. In 1852, he removed to Norwalk, ing eighteen months. He then returned to same State, where he worked at this trade dur­ Massachusetts, and again worked in a cotton- ing the succeeding ten years, after which he factory two years. He was married, in 1841. to engaged in running a foundry seven years. In Miss Lucy Lyman, of Warren, Mass. In 1813. ISO!), he removed to Toledo, Ohio, and engaged

HO 1*1)1)RH COFXTY. 031

in the machino and foundry business. In 1*70. and commission business one year as the firm he came to Boulder City. Colo., and with his of Dabney, Stephens & Co. In 1878, he formed son. Samuel Develine. upcuod tho Boulder Iron a partnership with II. M. Russell to engage in Foundry and Machine Shop, in which business a general real estate, mining and brokerage he is still engaged. business, and bassinée remained in that busi­ ness, to which he added the lumber business in CHARLES DAHXEY. 1S79. and established a lumber-yard in Boulder. Mr. Dabney is not only one of Boulder's sub­ As early as 1804. he made large purchases of stantial business men. but he is also one of her real estate in Boulder, and built the first brick worthy and honored pioneers. He is a native building in the town, which still stands in good of Ohio and was born in Trumbull Co., ofthat condition as one of the old landmarks, and is lo­ State, July 23, 1831. He is descended from cated on the corner of ['earl and Twelfth streets, German and Scotch ancestry, was educated in where Mr. Dabney's olrlce is at present located. the public schools, and at the age of seventeen Aside from his business connections above entered an apprenticeship to the black­ mentioned he is connected with the mining in­ smith's trade, which business he followed until terests of Boulder Co.. and is part owner ef the 1833. In November of that year, he was mar­ Columbia mine, in Ward District, and various ried to Miss Catherine Church, daughter of Sey­ other valuable mining property. mour Church, of Warren. Ohio. Removing then to Rock Island. 111., he established a HENRY DEITZ. wagon manufactory in partnership with T. J. Not the least worth y and competent of those Jones, in which business he continued two whose skill and industry have been employed years, meanwhile having purchased his partner's for the past few years in tbe industrial affairs interest. In 1855, he removed to Wluterset. i of Boulder Co.. is Henry Deitz. Born in Lew­ Iowa, where he was engaged in the lumber busi- 1i s Co., N. Y., March 3, 1841. and is descended ness and operat ing a steam saw-mill until 1838. , on the paternal side from the celebrated Mont­ then disposed of the same and removed to Sa- j calm family of France. His mother's family vannah, Mo,, where he remained until 18G0. j was among the early settlers of the State of Thence came to Colorado, arriving in Denver in New York. He received a liberal education at May of that year, and a few months later lo- ¡th e Lowville Academy of his native place, and cated at Gold Hill, Boulder Co. In the fall of ¡ at the early age of fifteen years, turned his 1800, his family joined him at Gold Hill, j attention to preparing himself for a profes­ and he resided there until 1SG-1, engaged lu i sional life. After reading medicine one year mining and the blacksmith business. In the i in the oiliee of Dr. F. Bischoff, he took up the fall of 1801, he was made Postmaster at Cold , study of law, and at the end of two years Hill, and also Justice of .the Peace, and in the laid aside his law books, to engage in teaching, fall of 1803, was elected County Commissioner. In 1801. he, accepted'a position in the Albany After returning from an extended visit in the Steam Flour Mills, and, one year later, was East dining the winter of 18(34, he removed to advanced to the position of first book-keeper, Boulder, where he was elected and servedas which position he held one year. Be then Justice of the Peace until 1808, and at the became Superintendent, and remained so dur­ same time carried on a blacksmith and wagon ing the succeeding three years. From 18Ö0 to shop. From that time until 1873. he remained 1S08. he was engaged in the wholesale grocery out of business, then was engaged in the grain business, and imported large quantities of line 632 BIOGRAPHICAL. groceries and fruits, during which time he orig­ berry Seminary, in Vermont, and the State inated and organized the Business Men's Pro­ University of Michigan. In his thirteenth tective Association at Albany, the first such year, he began teaching in the public schools, established in tho United States, of which asso­ and continued the same a number of years in ciation he was the first President. In 18C9, he New Hampshire, Vermont and ¡Michigan. He left New York, and spent one year traveling then studied medicine three years as a disci­ over the Western States, after which, he accept­ pline, never intending to practice it, and subse­ ed the position of ticket agent on the Hanni­ quently read law with Judge Coolidge, of bal & St. Joseph Bailroad, and at the end of Niles, Blich. He was admitted to the bar in eight months was appointed General Supply 1872, and immediately began practice. In the Agent for the Atchison & Nebraska Bailroad, fall of 1874, he came to Colorado and located also Assistant Superintendent of the locomo­ in Georgetown, where be formed a copartner­ tive and car department. He held various ship with Hon. R. S. Morrison, which existed positions with railroads until 1870, respect­ one year. He then came to Boulder City, and ively, as assistant to the Chief Engineer and has since been engaged in the active practice Superintendent of the California & Texas Bail- of his profession. In the spring of 1870, Mr. way Construction Co., Local Treasurer, Auditor Dolloff was elected a member of the Board of and Paymaster for the Trans-Continental Rail Education of Boulder, of which he was made way, with headquarters at Sherman, Texas, and Secretary, and held that office two years. In finally transferred to the Texas & Pacific Rail­ the fall pf that j'ear, he was elected a member way Co. In the spring of 1876, owing to his of the first Board of Regents of the State wife's failing health, he came to Colorado, and University of Colorado for a term of six years, has since resided in Boulder. He was first and was elected by the board first President of employed as Superintendent of mines in Sugar that body, which position he held two years, Loaf District, and, in January, 1877, embarked and has since, honorably and with credit to in the wholesale grain and commission busi­ himself and Boulder, discharged the duties of ness, continuing the same up to the present that office. time. He is also the present Secretary and JOSIAH DARTT. Treasurer of the White Rock Coal Co., and The gentleman whose name heads this sketch, General Manager of the Albany & Boulder is well and prominently recognized as a man of .Mining Company in Park Co. thorough qualifications as a civil engineer and surveyor, and is one of Boulder City's honored LEVI W. DOLLOFF. and highly esteemed citizens. He is of En­ Mr. Dolloff is one of the leading members of glish descent, and was born in Tioga Co., Penn., tho legal profession of Boulder, whose distinc­ Aug. 29, 1818. His early life, until his seven­ tion and prominence are the results of his own teenth year, was spent on a farm, and in attend­ perseverance, coupled with the ever-commend­ ing district school, after which he attended an able traits of character—strict integrity, good academy at AVellsboro, in his native State, judgment and a high sense of duty and honor. one year. He then went to Illinois, Und worked With habits of the closes., application and on a farm near Rockford, two years, then re­ most diligent study, it requires no foreknowl­ turned to Pennsylvania, and during the suc­ edge to predict for him the most permanent ceeding fourteen years taught school winters, success. Born in Lowell, Mass., Peb. 17, 1843. and followed surveying summers, with Mr. He received a liberal education at the New­ Bache, a IT. S. Land Surveyor, three years of BOULDER COUNTY. that fimc in Pennsylvania, and the. remainder profession, at Lyons, 111., which he continued in Northern Illinois and Southern Wisconsin. ' successfully until disabled by a sun-stroke in Prom 1850 to 1802, he was County Surveyor ! July, 1870. Later in that year, he was married of Sauk Co., Wis., and during; t he succeeding j to Miss Laura II. Sturtevant, of Chicago. In nine years, followed surveying in Sauk and January, 1871, ho removed to Denver, Colo., Pane Cos., that State. In 1871. he came to i but in the spring of that year settled in Boulder Colorado, and located in Boulder, where he j Co, One year later, he became a resident of has since resided. Tn December of that year, ! the city of Boulder, where he has since been he was appointed the first U. S. Mineral Sur- ! engaged in the active practice of medicine. veyor of District No. -1, embracing all that part During his residence in Boulder, he has served of Colorado north of the south line of Boulder two years as Alderman, and one year as Chief Co., and has ever since been engaged in sur­ of the Fire Department, and is at present Health veying in this district. Mr. Dartt was married, Officer of the city. He was elected County in 1841, to Mrs. Emma E. Dartt, of New Haven, Commissioner in the fall of 187'.), and now holds Conn., a widow lady, who had one daughter, that office. Dr. Dodge is prominently identi­ now Mrs. A. J. Maxwell, of Boulder, by which fied with various medical societies. He is a marriage he has two daughters. member of the Boulder Co. Medical Society, of which he was first President, also a member of HORACE 0. HODGE, M. D. the State Medical Society, of which he was made Dr. Dodge has become well and favorably President, and served during the year 1876, known in the medical profession of Colorado, and is at present one of the trustees. He is since taking up his residence in the State. He also a prominent member of the American Med­ is a native of Illinois, and was born in the town ical Association. As a citizen, and in society, of Downer's Grove, Du Page Co., Dec. 13,1844. the Doctor is a man of sterling worth, and en­ He is descended from English ancestry. His joys the esteem and confidence of his fellow- parents still reside in Du Page Co., where they citizens. He has a family of three children— are well known as having been among the ear­ two sons and one daughter. liest settlers, and but recently celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of their marriage, at which VAN H. DA1ÍROW. were present their six children—five married This gentleman, a member of the firm of Y. daughters, and the subject of this sketch, their H. Darrow & Co., proprietors of a general mer­ only son. Also six members of the Blodgett cantile store at Louisville, Boulder Co., is of family, to which they are closely related, and New England parentage, and was born in Noble twenty-two grandchildren. The subject of this Co., Ind., Jan. 1, 1855. His early life was sketch passed his early life in Illinois, and, at spent in acquiring an education, and in his the breaking-out of the war of the rebellion, fourteenth year completed a commercial course entered the army and served during the war in in Conover'8 Commercial College, at Cold- the Army of the Potomac, after which he re­ water, Mich. He subsequently traveled two turned home, and one year later entered the years for the wholesale book and stationery Chicago Medical College, from which institution house of Brainard & Westmore. of Cleveland, he graduated in 1808, during the latter two j Ohio. He then returned to Indiana and taught years of which time he served as House Physi- i school two winters, and clerked in a store in cian in the Woman's Hospital, of Chicago. Aft­ the town of (Irland, during the summer sea­ er graduating, he began the practice of his ¡ sons, after which, he clerked in the general 684 BIOGRAPHICAL.

mercantile store of Parker & Co., in the same the hotel business at Belmont, San Mateo Co. town, four years. In 1876, he went to Green­ He assisted his father in the hotel business, and field Mills, same State, and embarked in the was engaged in various other pursuits during mercantile business, continuing the same two the succeeding four years. In 1858, he entered years. He was also appointed Postmaster of the University of the Pacific at Santa Clara, that place, and held the office of Justice of the and, after spending eighteen months at that in­ Peace. In 1878, he came to Colorado, and stitution, accepted a position as teacher in tho engaged in the lumber business at Leadville, public school of Santa Clara, continuing the where he remained until August, 1879. He same until tho fall of 1862, when he left for tho then came to Louisville, Boulder Co., and, in East to accept the commission of Lieutenant connection with his brother-in-law, C. 0. Welch, Colonel of the Mississippi River Ram Fleet, established a general mercantile store, in which under the command of his uncle, Gen. Alfred business he is still engaged, and is also Post­ W. Eilet, commander of the Mississippi Marine master of that town, having been appointed Brigade. He served with honor and dis­ soon after opening the store. Mr. Darrow was tinction as an officer until tho close of tho war, united in marriage, April 5, 1877, to Miss Dora, having participated in many brilliant naval ex­ Fish, daughter of Hon. Samuel Fish of Erie peditions. To refer briefly : On March 24,1863, Co., Ohio. an expedition was ordered by Gen. Eilet to COL. JOHN A. ELLET. pass the batteries of Vickburg and go to the Col. John A. Eilet, Mayor of the city of relief of the gallant Admiral Farragut, who, Boulder, is a man well fitted for and worthy of having attempted the passage of the batteries the honorable and responsible position to which of Port Hudson, had only succeeded in passing the city of Boulder has chosen him, and few, with his flag-ship, the Hartford, and a small if any, of her representatives in official capaci­ tender, called the Albatross, thus being in an ties, have evinced greater ability, popular exposed position between the two batteries, and strength and inherent worth, than he. Liberal, liable to an attack from rebel rams, said to yet judicious in his views, and active in tho be preparing on Red River. This expedition promotion of any cause wherein his convictions, was commanded by Col. Charles Rivers Eilet, enlist his co-operation, possessing an honora­ and was composed of two rams, the Switzer­ land and Lancaster, the latter of which was ble record as a soldier and merchant in former commanded by Col. John A. Eilet, the subject i years, and, as a public officer, Col. Eilet has of this sketch ; while passing the Vicksburg merited the confidence reposed in him by his batteries, the Lancaster was sunk, but the fellow-citizens. ' As a citizen, Col. Eilet is pub­ Switzerland succeeded in getting through in a lic-spirited, and generous in the support of all badly damaged condition, which was soon re­ laudable enterprises for the advancement of paired and again fit for service. Col. Charles tbe interests of the city and vicinity. Born Rivers Eilet was then ordered to the command near Alton, HI., June 22, 1838. He enjoyed of the infantry regiment of the Mississippi the educational advantages afforded by the Marine Brigade ; Lieut. Col. John A. Eilet then public schools of his native place, until attain­ became commander of the ram Switzerland, ing the age of fifteen years, when, taking with and remained with Admiral Farragut until tho him his two younger brothers, he went to Cali­ surrender of Vicksburg. Meanwhile, Lieut. fornia by way of the Nicaragua route, to join Col. Eilet assisted Admiral Farragut in block­ his father, who had emigrated thither two ading the mouth of Red River, to prevent sup- years previously and established himself in ^1

BOULDER COUNTY. 685

plies from being sent, to Port Hudson, and, herder, by the St. Vrain Rauche Company. while thus patrolling the river with the Switz­ The following spring he took up 160 acres of erland, had an engagement at Simm's Port land, adjoining the present site of Longmont, with a Rebel battery, supported by two regi­ on the south, which he subsequently home- ments of infantry strongly entrenched behind steaded, and where he has since resided, en­ the levee ; after a severe fight, the rebels were gaged in farming and stock-raising. By hard routed, with a loss on board the Switzerland of work and frugal habits, he has, from time to one killed and three wounded. At the close of time, purchased additional land, until he at the war, after passing through many other bat­ present owns 400 acres in Boulder Co., and tles and sieges, he was mustered out of service, 300 in Weld, and is surrounded by the com­ Jan. 1, 1865. He then embarked in a general forts and necessaries of life. Mr. Dickens was mercantile business with other parties at Vicks­ united in marriage, December, 1876, to Miss burg, Miss., and also established a branch house Ida Kiteley, of Longmont, and has two sons. at Yazoo City, same State. He continued business at Vicksburg until burned out by the JOHN J. ELLINGHAM. great Are, which occurred in that city in 1866 ; John J. Ellingham, present Sheriff of Boul­ after which, the business was concentrated at der Co., was one of the early pioneers of Colo­ Yazoo City, where he continued with slight in­ rado. He was born in Cook Co., 111., July 4, termission until March, 1875, then sold his 1842. His father, John Ellingham, was a interest to his brother, and removed to Boulder, farmer by occupation, and, until about eighteen Colo., since which time he has been engaged in years of age, the subject of this sketch lived the real estate, mining and brokerage business. at home. In the spring of 1860, he emigrated In 1876, he was elected a member of the Boul­ to Colorado, and spent the first year at work der City Board of Trustees, of which he was on a ranche in Jefferson Co., and at his trade made President. In April, 1880, he was elected (that of a mason) upon the first improvements Mayor of the city of Boulder, which office he then being made in Denver. From that time now holds. Col. Eilet was a delegate from until 1863, he was engaged in mining and mill­ Colorado to the National Convention at Chicago, ing in Gilpin Co. Thence went to Virginia in June, 1880, which nominated Garfield and City, M. T., where he spent one year in mining, Arthur for President and Vice President of the then returned to Colorado, and, during the United States. years 1865 and 1866, he was engaged in freighting across the plains from the Missouri WILLIAM H. DICKENS. River to Denver, after which he became inter­ Mr. Dickens, one of Colorado's worthy and ested in mining in Ward District, Boulder Co., honored pioneers, who has, during the past and there remained until 1868, occupying the nineteen years, successfully devoted his atten­ position of foreman of the Ni Wot mine dur­ tion to farming and stock-raising, is of English ing the greater portion of that time. Thence descent, and was born on the Atlantic Ocean, left for California, and, during the following two years, visited many of the mining districts May 26, 18-13, while his parents were en route of the Territories, returning to Colorado in the to America. His early life, until his seven­ winter of 1870. During the year 1871, he teenth year, was spent in attending school in was engaged in buying' stock cattle in Texas Columbia Co., Wis., where his parents had set­ for the Colorado market. After disposing of tled. In tho spring of 1860, he came to Colo­ his cattle, he purchased teams in connection rado, and during that season, was employed as s* v.

886 BIOGRAPHICAL.

with other parties and took contracts for fur­ embarked in the mercantile business at Black nishing wood for the Nederland Mining Com­ Hawk, Gilpin Co., continuing the same until pany, and also for hauling ore from the 1863, when he again engaged in freighting Caribou mine to their mill. He remained in across the plains. During 1863, he served this business until the spring of 1871, then four months as 1st Lieutenant of Capt. C. M. turned his attention to developing his own Tyler's rangers. In 1866, he removed to Boul­ mines and operating a mill in the Ward Dis­ der Co., where he has since resided. During trict, but, during the following two years, was 1867, he was engaged in the mercantile busi­ chiefly occupied as superintendent of the Cari­ ness in Valmont. In 1868, he began freighting bou, Noname and Sherman mines respectively. on the Union Pacific Railroad, and has since In the spring of 1876, he organized the firm of freighted to Salt Lake City, Deadwood, D. T., Ellingham, Binford & Co., purchased the Hum­ New Mexico and Leadville. In the spring of boldt mine and erected a ten-stamp mill, and 1880, he purchased a livery, feed and sale sta­ has since continued to operate the same. In ble on Thirteenth street in Boulder, in which the fall of 1877, he was elected Sheriff of business he has since been engaged. Mr. El­ Boulder Co., which office he still holds by re­ dred was married, March 25, 1860, to Miss election, and is also Deputy United States Ophelia Allen, and has a family of three sons. Marshal for Colorado. REV. JACOB S. FLORY. HOLDEN R. ELDRED. Rev. J. S. Flory is the Presiding Elder or Mr. Eldred, a '59-er, has, during the past Bishop for Colorado, of the German Baptist two decades, devoted almost his entire atten­ Church, more commonly known as the Dunkers, tion to freighting, having at an early date Dunkards, or Tankers [from the German tunk­ made nineteen trips across the plains to the en, to "dip"], a sect of American Baptists, Missouri River, and later freighted to various called by themselves Brethren, said to have points on the Union Pacific Railroad, to Salt been organized at Schwarzenau, in Westphalia, Lake City, Deadwood, Dakota Territory, New by one Alexander Mack, in 1708, and named Mexico and Leadville, and has traveled through from their manner of baptism by trine immer­ all the Western States and Territories. He is sion of believers. Their doctrines are similar of English and Scotch ' descent, and was born to those of the Mennonites, and in tho simplic­ in; Medina Co., Ohio, May 3, 1837. At an ity of their dress and manner they somewhat early age, he removed with his parents to resemble the Society of Friends. They use the Dodge Co., Wis., where he remained on his kiss of charity, and feet-washing in connection father's farm until seventeen years of age. with the service of the Lord's Supper and Com­ He then clerked in a store in Columbus, Wis., munion. They practice the laying-on of hands, one year, and subsequently traveled one year anointing with oil, etc. They have Elders or in Minnesota, after which he clerked in a store Bishops, Teachers and Deacons. They have in Fond du Lac, Wis., one year. In the fall of no salaried ministry, and for the most part are 1859, he came to Colorado and remained but a not regularly educated for the ministry. They short time, then returned to Wisconsin. In reject infant baptism, condemn war and will not the spring of 1860, owing to failing health of voluntarily engage in law-suits. Their simple himself and wife, he removed to Colorado, and, lives, thrifty habits and fidelity to promise during the succeeding eighteen months, fol­ make them many friends. From the Ounkers lowed freighting across the plains. He then as a sect, must be distinguished the Seventh- BOULDER COUNTY. 637

Bay Dunkers, commonly called the German miles south of there, and was appointed Post­ Seventh-Day Baptists, who are sometimes eon- master of tho former, which position he held founded with them. Rev. Flory was horn in until 1875. Then, owing to Indian depredations Rockingham Co., Va., March 28,1830, and is of in that vicinity, and the absence of proper German descent. His grandfather, Rev. John school facilities for his children, he removed to Flory, was for many years an able and popular Greeley, where, during the succeeding three Divine of the German Baptist Church. The years, he was engaged in the buffalo robe busi­ subject of this sketch remained at home on a ness. farm attending district school until twenty In March, 1878, he purchased a farm of years of age, meantime, in 185-1, having re­ 80 acres, five miles west of Longmont, in moved with his parents to Johnson Co., Iowa. Boulder Co., whither he removed, and where In 1856, he returned to Virginia, and Jan. 7, he has since resided, devoting a portion of his 1857, was married to Miss Elizabeth Sanger, attention to farming, fruit growing—having a daughter of Jacob Sanger, of Augusta Co., Va., very fine fruit orchard, which he is from year to who was proprietor of the Mossy Creek Paper year enlarging—and to hee culture. Meantime, Mills. He then became a partner in the paper in June, 1878, he began the publication of the mills, in which business he continued fifteen Home Mirror, a literary sheet, devoted to the months. interests of health, home and general news, During the summer of 1858, he removed which he has published monthly, and during to Fayette Co., Virginia, where he engaged June, 1880, bis son, W. H. Flory, a graduate of in farming until the breaking-out of the war of Huntingdon, (Pennsylvania) College, became the rebellion, when, being a Union man, he associated with him in tho publication thereof. preferred to leave the State and lose his property, Since Rev. J. S. Flory's residence in Colorado, rather than be forced into the Confederate he has had charge of the German Baptist army ; so, taking a team—abandoning every­ Church in this State, which numbers at present thing else—he removed his family to Keokuk about sixty members, fifty of whom are located Co., Iowa, traveling all the way by wagon, in St. Vrain Valley and vicinity. They are at where, during the succeeding five years, he was present just completing a substantial stone engaged in agricultural pursuits. Previous to church, four miles west of Longmont, at a cost this, however, while residing in Virginia, in of $2,000. The life of the Rev. J. S. Flory, October, 1858, he had united with the Ger­ since entering upon his duties as a minister of man Baptist Church, and on Nov. 4, 1859, was the Gorman Baptist Church, has been one of elected to the ministry. In the spring of 1866, great activity, effective and successful work for he returned to West Virginia, where he contin­ his denomination ; and through his extended ued agricultural pursuits until the fall of 1873; travels and the publication of his journal—the meantime, in August, 1869, he was ordained as Mirror—he has become widely and favorably Elder or Bishop of the church, and took charge known as a Divine. His large experience, dat­ of a congregation. In October, 1873, he re­ ing back over a period of twenty-one years, re­ moved to Colorado and located in Weld Co., on sulting in an increased scope of knowledge, the South Platte River, eighty-five miles east of fluency and ability as a speaker, has won for Greeley, where he aided in organizing the Buf­ him prominence and popularity. His family falo colony, of which he was made Secretary. consists of nine children living—three sons and He was also instrumental in having a post six daughters ; two of the latter are married to office located at Buffalo and one at Sarinda, ten enterprising citizens of Boulder Co. (¡88 BIOGRAPHICAL.

HIRAM FULLER beginning of the late civil war, he left the school wan born near Lebanon, Russell Co., Va., for the camp, and entered the military service April 29,1839. His father, Fowler Fuller, was of the Government, as a soldier in the 1st Me. a farmer by occupation, and the son was raised V. 0. He took part in the arduous campaigns to the same pursuit. At the age of eighteen, he of his regiment for three years, and, just prior went to Winona, Minn., and spent one and a to his discharge from the service, was wounded half years there in farming. Thence emigrated in a skirmish near Petersburg, Va. The writer to Colorado, and was employed in the New first met him in the winter of 1864-65, just York and Gunnell Quartz Mills, at Black Hawk, prior to his entrance into Bowdoin College, Gilpin Co., about four years. In 1868, he re­ when, as "master of the district school," he moved to Gold Hill, Boulder Co., where, in com­ formed one of the group around the winter fire­ pany with other parties, he erected a ten-stamp- side of the writer's home. As a teacher, he mill, which he operated three years, during was thorough and painstaking, exacting the which time he owned the White Rock mine, same constant and careful application on the and one-half interest in the Seven-Thirty, and part of his pupils that he practiced himself. To was chiefly engaged in mining and selling tel­ his studious example, enthusiastic teachings lurium ores, until spring of 1877, since which and scholarly companionship, the writer is time he has operated largelyln mining at Lead­ largely indebted for the cultivation of literary ville and vicinity. He is the owner at present tastes, which have since been a source of im­ of an interest in the Magnolia mine, in Magno­ measurable enjoyment. Entering Bowdoin Col­ lia District, Boulder Co. In 1875, he held the lege in 1865, Mr. Greene at once cook a high office of Justice of the Peace, at Gold Hill, and rank as a close, conscientious student, and deep has always taken an active part in the affairs and decidedly original thinker. With him, the of the county. " midnight oil " was no romantic and fanciful. illusion, existing only in the imagination of a OSCAR F. A. GREENE. fond mother and sisters, but an ever-present Oscar Fitz-Allen Greene was born in Troy, reality during the four years of his college life. Me., Feb. 2, 1842. His father was a farmer in He graduated in 1869, the first in a class of comfortable circumstances, and possessed those thirty-one. Choosing the law as his profession, sterling characteristics of sturdy manhood he at once left for the West, and engaged for a w}ueh distinguish so large a proportion of the year as a teacher in the public schools of Mani­ rural population of New England—strict moral towoc, Wis., prosecuting his legal studies at the rectitude, incorruptible integrity, and inflexible same time. He was admitted to the bar in firmness of purpose. These traits, transmitted 1871, and continued in the successful practice to his son, were developed and strengthened of his profession in Manitowoc until December, by the rugged life of a farmer boy among the 1874. He was married in 1873, at Appleton, New England hills, and have marked in ah emi­ Wis., to Miss Carrie A. Mason, daughter of nent degree his subsequent career. Bereaved Prof. R. Y. Mason, of that place. In January, of both his parents at an early age, the subject 1875, he removed to Boulder, Colo., at which of this sketch was left with but a limited patri­ place he has ever since been successfully en­ mony, but, trite as the saying may be, with gaged in the practice of law. In his profession, an unquenchable and all-consuming thirst for he practices the same habits of rigid application knowledge, and set at work to prepare himself, and thorough and complete mastery of the sub­ by his own exertions, for college. At the very ject in hand, that marked his course as a stu-

BOULDER COUNTY. Ml

dent. Since August, 1877, by successive ap­ Dutch descent, his ancestors on both sides hav­ pointments, be has continued in tbe office of ing been among the first settlers of that county. Í Town Attorney of Boulder. In August, 1880, His early life, until his nineteenth jear, uva* he was nominated by the Republican County spent on a farm and in attending flistric-t Convention, of Boulder Co., as one of the mem­ school. He then went to Hamilton Co., í)\úo, bers from that county, in the General Assembly where he worked on a farm two years, after of the State, and as a nomination by the Re­ which he returned home and remained on his publican party there, is equivalent to an elec­ father's farm four years. In the spring of tion, it is safe to assert that, before this sketch 1856, he went to Des Moines, Iowa, as repre­ shall appear in print, he will occupy a seat as sentative of Eastern land owners. Thonce, the " the honorable member from Boulder. " following fall, to Leavenworth, Kan., and en­ gaged in buying land for Eastern capitalist*, JAMES B. GOULD. and, while there, attended the land sales at Ft, J. B. Gould, one of Colorado's early pioneers Leavenworth, which were the first public lnnd and substantial farmers, was born in New York sales in that State. In February, 1857, ha State, Feb. 4, 1836. At an early age he-re­ went to Pennsylvania, where he formed a part­ moved with his parents to Crawford Co.. Penn., nership with J. L. McDowell for the purpose of thence, in 1854, to Polk Co., Iowa. His early engaging in the real-estate business at Leaven­ life, until attaining the age of manhood, was worth, Kan., to which place be returned, and spent on a farm, and in attending district continued in that business two years. In school. In the spring of 1860, owing to fail­ 1859, when the news of the wonderful discov­ ing health, he came to Colorado, and spent the eries of gold at Pike's Peak was heralded season at Black Hawk, Gilpin Co., engaged in throughout the East, he purchased a quartz- hauling quartz. The following fall he returned mill, and, on the 14th of August, started with to Iowa, and in the spring of 1862, again came it for the new El Dorado—that being the first to Colorado, and, during the succeeding seven mill to cross the plains—arriving here about years, was engaged in freighting across the the 1st of November. He erected the mill at plains, between the Missouri River and Denver. Gold Hill, Boulder Co., and, the following He then traded his ox teams for 100 acres of May, began running it, continuing until fall. land on Boulder Creek, near White Rock, on He then sold the mill, after which he worked which he has since resided, engaged in farming in a quartz-mill for the Union Mining Com­ and stock-raising. He has since, from time to pany eight months. In the spring of 18G1, time, purchased land, until he at present owns he, in connection with John Haney, purchased 440 acres of well-improved land. Mr. Gould a ranche on St. Vrain Creek, on which they was married in 1868, to Miss Sarah Askwig, of opened a hotel and engaged in hotel-keeping Buck Co., Neb., and has three sons. and farming. In the fall of 1862, he sold hia interest in the ranche and hotel and purchased HON. THOMAS J. GRAHAM. a land claim on a quarter-section of land one Among the pioneers of Boulder Co., who mile and a half east of Boulder City, on which have passed through the varied experiences of he removed and engaged in agricultural pur­ frontier life and become familiar with the his­ suits. In 1865, he rented his farm, and went to Jamestown, same county, where he en­ tory and growth of the State, is the subject of gaged in prospecting one year. He was then this sketch. He was born in Cumberland Co., employed to operate a number of mines for Penn., Nov. 25, 1830, and is of Scotch and

« r A- 643 BIOGRAPHICAL.

the Long's Peak Mining Company, in Ward essary means with which to complete his edu­ District, and subsequently assisted Judge cation. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Com­ Breath in the management of the Xi Wot mines, pany C, 21st Mich., V. I., but, after serving six in the same district. In 1868, he resumed months, owing to failing health—hemorrhage prospecting, at which he continued three years. of the lungs—he was discharged, and during In 1871, he removed to Boulder City, where he the succeeding two years, devoted his attention has since resided, and opened a real-estate, to regaining his health. In the spring of 1804, mining and insurance office, being largely en­ he came to Colorado and worked at his trade gaged as a mine examiner, in which business in Central City six months. He then purchased he has since continued. In 1861, when Colo­ a farm of 160 acres on St. Vrain Creek, near rado was made a Territory, he was appointed the foot-hills, on which lie resided until 1874, by Gov. Gilpin to organize Boulder Co. He engaged in farming during the summer sea­ held the first election to elect county officers sons, and in working at his trade during win­ and members to the Territorial Legislature, ters. In 1874, he homestcaded 80 acres of being himself elected one of the County Com­ land Ave miles northwest of Longmont, where missioners. In the fall of 1869, he was elected he has since resided, engaged in working at his a member of the Lower House of the Territo­ trade. He is also carrying on farming and rial Legislature, and, during the term, succeed­ stock-raising, and at present owns 480 acres of ed in having the State University permanently well-improved land. Mr. Goss has been twice located at Boulder City, and was elected a married, first in March, 1866, to Miss Mary member of the Board of Trustees to erect the Hummell, of Boulder City, who died in Febru­ building. He was made Secretary of that ary, 1867, and again in 1868, to Miss Ellen board, in which capacity he served until the Olcott, of Kent Co., Mich. completion of the building, when it was turned over to the Territory. Mr. Graham has honor­ FRANK C. GOFP. ably filled various offices of public trust in a F. C. Goff, agent of the Golden Smelting creditable manner, and as a citizen has at­ Company, for Boulder Co., was born in Alle­ tained a position of prominence and influence gheny City, Penn., May 24, 1858. His early in the community. life was spent in acquiring an education. In 1877, he came to Colorado for the purpose of JOHN W. GOSS. learning the smelting business with J. II. Boyd, This gentleman, one of Boulder County's with whom he remained during' the succeeding honored and respected citizens, was born in two years, engaged in various departments of Morristown, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., in May, that business. In 1879, he was employed as 1840, and is of New England parentage. In agent for the Golden Smelting Company, which 1852, he removed with his parents to Du Page position he still holds. Co., HI., thence, in 1853, to Kent Co., Mich. His early life, until his twelfth year, was spent RICHARD G. GRIFFITH. in attending district schoof, after which he This gentleman, a member of the mercantile worked at the blacksmith's trade in his father's firm of Williams, Griffith & Co., of Longmont, shop four years. In 1856, he entered the cen­ is of Welsh descent, and was born in St. John, tral high school at Grand Rapids, Mich., from N. F., Aug. 11, 1850. He attended school till which he graduated in 1861, meantime, having twelve years of age, then went to Granville, N. taught school two winters, to secure the nec­ Y., where he clerked in a store eight 3-ears, and BOULDER COUNTY. 043 subsequently clerked three months in Poultncy, He at presentowns 1,040 acres of well-improved Vt.. for J. Jay Joslin. In the fall of 1S74, he land in Boulder Valley. In the fall of 1869, cama to Denver, Colo., with Mr. Joslin, for he was elected Sheriff of Boulder Canity, and whom he continued to clerk until 1878. In re-elected in 1871, which office he honorably July of that year, he came to Longmont and filled two terms. Mr. Howell was united in embarked in the mercantile business in com­ marriage, Dec. 24, 1864, to Miss Cornelia A. pany with A. L. "Williams. Mr. Griffith was Sheldon, and has two daughters. married in April, 1879, to Miss Libbie E. Williams, of Longmont, and has one son. HON. JOHN C. HUMMEL. Hon. John C. Hummel was born in Lewis- WILLIAM It. HOWELL. town, Fulton Co., 111., June 14, 1842. His father, Mr. Howell is one of the pioneer farmers of William Hümmel, followed farming, and the Boulder County, being one of the first to pre­ subject of this sketch was thus employed dur­ empt a homestead in the beautiful Boulder ing early life, At the age of nineteen, he be­ Valley, where he resided until 1877, and since came connected with the coal business, which that time, on a farm two miles further down he continued about four years, then was en­ the creek. By economy and industry he has gaged in filling contracts for railway supplies ; gathered around him the comforts of life, and three years later, ho entered the mercantile busi­ has from time to time purchased additional ness in Illinois, but soon turned his attention to land, to the improvement of which he has the stock business in that State, buying and devoted his attention, until he has become one shipping to the Chicago market. Thenco came of the most successful and prosperous farmers to Colorado in 1871, and resided in Longmont of Boulder County. He is of New England until 1876, engaged in the real estate business. parentage, and was born near St. Thomas, Can., He served as County Commissioner of Boulder Aug. 17, 1834. In his twelfth year, he re­ Co. from 1873 to 1876. In 1875, he was moved with his parents to Carroll Co., 111., elected to and served one term in the Legisla­ where his early life was spent on a farm and in ture. In May, 1876, he was appointed Treas­ acquiring an education, which he subsequently urer of the Colorado Central Railroad, and completed at the Mt. Carroll Seminary, at Mt. served in that capacity until January, 1880. Carroll, same county. In the spring of 1859, Mr. Hummel is largely interested in mines in Boulder Co., and also in real estate at Long­ he came to Colorado and spent the season in mont. He is one of the Directors of the Na­ the mountains, after which, he returned to tional State Lank, at Boulder, of which bank he Illinois. The following spring he again came was Vice President from its organization until to Colorado, and took up 160 acres of land on May, 1876. He is a man well known and es­ Boulder Creek, twelve miles below Bonldor' teemed in business circles, and railroad affairs. City, where he resided until 1877, when he pur­ chased 320 acres of land, two miles further down the creek, on which he removed, and has JUDGE 1'. M. HOUSEL. since resided. Since. Mr, Howell's residence in Judge P. M. Housel is one of Colorado's fifty - the State he has, with the exception of four niners, having from the first, mode Boulder Co. years—when he was Sheriff of Boulder County— his home. He was born in Milton, Penn., in devoted his entire attention to farming and 1823, and removed to Davenport, Iowa, in 1852, stock-raising, and, during his terms of office, thence to Newton, same State, in 1837, thence superintended his farming and stock interests. to Colorado in 1859, and engaged in mining on

-i ® G44 BIOGRAPHICAL.

the Horsfal Lode, during the first three years, During his residence there, he was married to after which he removed to the Valley, where he Miss Mary A. Smith, of Coshocton. Ohio. has since resided. In 1862, he was elected Leaving Ohio in 1841, he located in Clinton County Judge of Boulder Co., and re-elected to Co,, Ind., engaging in farming until February, that position in 1864, He was one of tho 1849, when he left for California by the over­ Trustees of the Boulder Valley Railroad during land route. He arrived there in the fall of that its construction, and has otherwise taken an year, and was engaged in freighting and min­ active part in the affairs of the county. In pol­ ing until 1853, then returned to Illinois, resid­ itics, a Whig until the Organization of the Re­ ing two and a half years in McDonough Co., publican party, of which he has since been a engaged in agricultural pursuits ; thence re­ strong supporter. In religion, he is a Presby­ moved to Dos Moines, Iowa, where he spent terian, and has been a ruling Elder in that one year as an assistant in the U. S. Land church for over twenty-seven years. Office, and two years in operating a saw-mill in the vicinity of that city. In May, 1860, he PORTER T. HINMAN. emigrated to Colorado, and settled upon a Porter T. Hinman was one of the early pio­ ranche of 320 acres on Left Hand Creek, ten neers of Boulder Co., and his history, both as miles distant from Boulder. In 1863, he re­ a citizen and in political matters has been moved his family to Colorado, and has since closely allied with that of the county, for a resided on his farm, to the improvement and period of over twenty years. He is a native cultivation of which, and to his mining inter­ of the State of New York, and was born in ests, his attention has been chiefly devoted. Allegany Co., July 6, 1816. He is descended His' long acquaintance and familiarity with from English and Scotch ancestry. His par­ the Indians of Colorado, with whom he has ents were natives of Washington Co., N. Y., attained great favor, renders his frequent trips and early in life settled in Allegany Co., among them safe. He has a family of six where his father, Anson Hinman, was engaged children—five sons and one daughter. in the mercantile business, and served honora­ bly as Judge of the County Court for a num­ MERITT L. HINMAN. ber of years. He was prominently identified Mr. Hinman was born in Illinois March 14, with military affairs of that State, and for many 1853. While yet an infant, he was taken by years held the rank of General of State mili­ his parents to Des Moines, Iowa, whither they tia. Porter T. Hinman was educated in an removed, where his early life was spent in academy, and remained at home with his par­ attending school. In his tenth year, he crossed ents until their death, which occurred when he the plains, with his father, to Colorado, bringing was about fifteen years old. Tbe home then with them a herd of three hundred cattle, and having been broken up, he went to Buffalo, N. located at Ni Wot, Boulder Co., where he . Y., thence, a few months later, to Grand Island, remained on his father's farm until his twentj-- N. Y., on Niagara Hiver, where he remained second year. Reared a farmer, it was but three years as clerk for the Grand Island Com­ natural as well as wise for him to begin life pany—a Boston company—thence went on for himself by following in the footsteps of his board the steamboat Constellation, as clerk, father. He engaged in farming on rented farms then plying on Lake Erie ; two years later, he. two years, and subsequently purchased a farm removed to Mansfield, Ohio, where he was of 160 acres, three miles west of Ni Wot, on engaged in teaching writing school five years. which he removed, and continued in that occu- BOULDER COUNTY. 645

paflón until November. 1878. He then rented spent 'm schooi, after which he clerked in a his farm and removed to Leadville. where he j post olliee in Madison. Wis., live years. Hellten engaged in the dairy business fifteen months, ' went to Chicago. 111., where he held the office after which he returned to his farm and resumed of special Revenue1 Collector one year, and sub- agricultural pursuits. Air. Hinman was mar- j seipiently was shipping elork l'or the Groat rlcd. Jan. !î. 1875. to Miss Sarah E. Cavey. Western Railroad, at Decatur, same Slate, one daughter of Thomas Cavey. of Left Hand. year. In 1S71. he joined the Chicago Colorado Colony, and came to Longmont, Colo, During P. M. HINMAN. the succeeding six months, he worked in a The above-named gentleman is well known liriek-yard. then accepted the posilion ni' Deputy as one of the early settlers of Boulder Co., Clerk in the post oilier, under K. F. Heck worth, Colo. He was born in MlUcrsburg. Coshocton who at that time begun llie publication of the Co,, Ohio. Aug. 0. 1811. anil is descended from Longmont I'rrss. 'At the expiration of six the Hinman family, of the old Plymouth Col­ months, having so faithfully and honorably onists. His father, Porter T. Hhnmui, who now 111 led that position. Mr. beckworth resigned in resides in Boulder Co., was also one of its bis favor, and. through Mr. Ueekworth'.s recom­ pioneers. Previous to settling in Colorado, he mendation and that of other citizens, he was lived at home with his parents, a part of the appointed Postmaster, which olliee he still holds. time in Indiana, and afterward in Iowa, from Shortly after his appointment, he. in connection which State he emigrated to Colorado, and has with II. C. Woodworlli, opened a grocery in since been one of its active business men and connection with the post, oilier, which partner­ influential citizens. ship existed eighteen months, when it; was dis­ solved. He then formed a partnership with II. ROYAL M. HUBBARD. W. Preston, with whom be continued in the Mr. Hubbard is a fair type of what energy grocery business until September-. !8~!>, when and perseverance, linked with an indomitable they were burned oat, He immediately re-built will, will accomplish. Coming to Longmont in on the same site, and fitted up a post olliee de­ 1871. without sufficient means to establish him­ partment and opened a grocery, in which busi­ self in business, he began work in a brick-yard. ness he is still engaged, Although often urged His industry and frugal habits, however, soon to accept ollieial positions, lie lias preferred began to command the attention of t

Irish ancestry, and his parents were natives of mained in that business during the war, with Virginia. His father, John Hnnsbrnugh, was the exception of a few months' service in the a fanner and stock-grower by occupation. The Kansas militia during Gen. Price's raid through subject of this sketch is the oldest of a family Missouri and Kansas. In 1800. for the benefit of five children, and, at the age of eighteen, of his own and that of his family's health, he left home for the West, and located in Clarke removed to Colorado, arriving in Denver Aug. Co., Ohio, where ho spent one year as superin­ (i of that year. He spent tho remainder of tendent of a farm owned by Oliver Clark, a that year and the following year in prospecting banker of Springfield, and now a part of the in Clear Creek Co. and vicinity, then came city of Springfield. During the following year down to the plains, and. after outfitting at Gold­ (1843), ho was married, Oct. 30, to Miss Sarah en, proceeded to Cheyenne in December, A. Swallow, daughter of Levi Swallow, of 1S07, to accept the superintendency of the Charleston, Ohio. He then located at Spring­ construction of a roundhouse at that place field, Ohio, and became a member of the firm for the Union Pacific Bailroad Company. of Grant, Lute & Co., pork-packers, but, short­ After completing this work, in March, 1808, he ly after, sold out and purchased two farms in returned to Garnet, Kan., where he built a Marion Co., Ohio, known as the Osborne farms, large carpenter-shop and assisted his four sons, and chiefly gr.udng lands. There he began whom he desired to establish in business, in purchasing Joock to establish a stock growing learning the carpenter's trade and lumber bus­ business, but, a few months later, sold the iness. In 1870, he sold his residence there, entire business and farms to John Elder. He and removed to Howard Co., locating on Elk then purchased a steam saw-mill near Yellow River. There he laid out the town of Long- Springs, Clarke Co., and operated the same until ton and built a hotel, remaining in the hotel 1852, meantime furnishing the lumber for the business until 1872, when he removed to Den­ construction of Antioch College, at Yellow ver on account of his wife's ill health, which, Springs, after which he sold his mill to Robert at the end of one year not having improved, Cheney, and, in company with Jacob Landes, he removed, b}- the advice of physicians, to built another mill, southeast of Springfield, Plum Station, Douglas Co., on the D. & R, G. _which he operated three years. In the spring R. R., to procure the medical aid of the iron of 1858, he left Ohio with his family for St. springs in that vicinity. He then purchased a Louis, Mo., but soon after located at Ira Hock, stock ranche, on which he resided two years. Saline Co., Mo. In the spring of 1859, he re­ In 1875, he removed to Boulder Co., locating in moved to Mound City, Linn Co., Kan., where Sunbeam Gulch, in the vicinity of the Yellow he remained one year engaged in farming and Pine mine, since which time he has devoted stock-growing, then sold out and removed to his attention to mining, having secured and Garnet, Anderson Co., where he purchased a successfully developed a number of valuable steam saw-mill in company with Gen. Blunt, mines in that vicinity, among winch are the and, after locating a town s'te, organized and Clipper, Green, Burlingame and Boulder City. began building the town of Mt. Gilead. At In 1S78, he bonded the Victoria mine of Mr. the breaking-out of the war of the rebellion, in Buckingham for $12,000, and. on Dec. 1, 1879, 1801, he temporarily closed his saw-mill and purchased the same. The Victoria mine yield­ other business at Mt. Gilead, and secured a ed $30,000 during the year 1879, and while Government contract at Ft. Scott for hay, working this mine he discovered the Lincoln grain and provisions for the army. He re­ Lode, both of which he sold in August, 1880,

IT- A

BOULDER COUNTY. 0-17 for $30.000, to tho following company : II. lie is of German descent, and was born in Gove, \V. B. Stone R. E. Watson and B. S. Trumbull Co., Ohio, in January 1831. In his Garner. Mr. Hnnsbrough still resides at Sum- twelfth year, he removed with his parents to merville, In Sunbeam Gulch, a very pleasant Grant Co., Wis., where he remained on his and thriving camp in the midst of a beautiful father's farm until attaining his majority, alter surrounding country, and rich mining district, which he worked on farms by the month dur­ and situated midway between Cold Hill and ing the succeeding eight years. In the spring Salina. His life has tuen one of activity in of LS00, became to Colorado, and located at business, although his policy has been to sup­ tbe town of Arapahoe, on Clear Creek, three port all measures for the advancement of the miles below Golden, where he followed sluice- interests of the community in which he has mining eight months. He then took up 100 lived. acres of land,on Coal Creek, in Boulder County, JOHN IT. HAGER. eight miles southeast of Boulder City, which Mr. linger, one of Colorado's early pioneers, he afterward pre-empted and on which he has and an esteemed and worthy citizen of Boulder since resided, engaged In fanning, stock-grow­ County, was born in Bavaria. Germany, March ing and dairying, having since added, by pur­ 21, 1S20. His early life, until his fourteenth chase, 80 acres of adjoining land, Mr. Hake year, was spent in attending school, after took an active part in tbe construction of the which, he remained on his father's farm until South Boulder and Coal Creek Irrigating Ditch, attaining the age of manhood, and subsequently of which he became a stockholder and was served six years in the army, In IS03, he elected the first President of the company in came to America and worked on a farm on 1872, holding that olliee until 1874. In the Staten Island one year. From there he went spring of 1880, he was again elected President, to Kendall Co., 111., when:, during the succeed­ which olliee he still holds. He was married in ing five years, ho was engaged in farming. In October 1858. to Miss Bmeliuc Davis, of Grant the spring of 18.30, he came to Colorado, and Co., Vv'is. during the succeeding four years followed GEORGE B. HOLSTKI.N. mining at Gold Hill, Boulder Co., and at The above-named gentleman is one of Gregory Point, Gilpin Co. In 1803, he pre­ Boulder's representative mendiants. Prev ious empted 100 acres of land on St. Vrain Creek, to his coining West, he was engaged in the fur five miles west of Longmont, on which he has business in Utico, N. Y.. where his parents had since resided, engaged in farming and stock- settled soon after emigrating to the United raising, and at present owns 320 acres of well- States. He removed to Detroit. Mich., in 1S02, improved land. Mr. Hager has been twice and in July ofthat year was married to Miss married, first in 1803, to Mrs. Mary M. Mason, Frederica Bovine. He was then engaged in who died in December 1878, and again in July, the mercantile business until 1807. Thence 1879, to Miss Catharine M. Atkinson, removed to Cheyenne, whore lie opened a cloth­ ing and general merchandise store, doing busi­ WILLIAM C. HAKE. ness tinder the firm name of Holstein & Bro.. but Mr. Hake is one of the enterprising pioneers after a few months moved bis stock to Central of Colorado, who came at a very early date, City, and again moved late in tho fall of that and remained amid the hardships and disad- ^ year to Boulder, but still continued business in vantages of frontier life, and have witnessed her Black Hawk and Central City until 1872, then closed out that business, and has since resided development into a rich and prosperous State.

5 * 648 BIOGRAPHICAL.

in Boulder and continued the clothing business there, in 1858, to Miss Mary J. 1 laid lord : shortly exclusively until early in 1870, then added the after he removed to Hastings, Minn., and con­ grocery business, and in the spring of 1880, ducted a real estate business until the spring of added the liquor business. He is a worthy 186(1, then emigrated with his family to Colo­ member of Columbia Lodge, No. 14, Masonic rado, crossing the plains with ox teams. Soon Order ; Boulder bodge, No. !), Odd Fellows' after his arrival in Boulder, he began mining at Order : Knights of Pythias Encampment, No. Gold Hill, but, finding mining unsatisfactory, II, at Black Hawk, Colo. returned to Boulder and settled on a ranche of 160 acres near Boulder, and followed the stock NORMAN R. HOWARD. and dairy business until 1807. During which Among the pioneers of Colorado, who have, time, although having lost one train on the during the past twenty-one years, been engaged plains by Indian depredations, he was success­ in fanning on South Boulder Creek, is the sub­ ful in his ventures, often realizing large profits ject of this sketch. He was born in Brown on flour. In 1807, he sold his farm in Boulder Co., 111., Nov. 18, 1834. His early life, until Co., and purchased another of 1,100 acres on attaining the age of manhood, was spent on his Platte River, in Weld Co., where he resided father's farm, after which he worked by the eight years, engaged in the dairy and stock month on farms four years. In the spring of business during tho greater portion of which 1859, he cam ' M Colorado, and followed min­ time he carried on a grocery business in ing on Chicago Bar, near Idaho Springs in Boulder. In 1876, he purchased a half interest Clear Creek County, a short time. He then and subsequently the entire business of the took up I GO acres of land on South Boulder Great Western Omnibus line at Boulder, and Creek, four miles east of Boulder City, on conducted the same until the spring of 1879; which he has since resided, engaged in farming then sold out and went to Silver Cliff, Custer and stock-raising. Mr. Howard was married Co., Colo., where he was engaged in the livery in 1862, to Miss Mary Dawson of Hancock Co., business, continuing the same until June, 1880. Mr. Hewes has for a number of years been III. , who deceased in 1873, leaving four chil­ largely interested in thoroughbred and fine dren to his care, one son and three daughters. horses of Colorado, and has perhaps as large acquaintance in that branch of the stock inter­ JOHN M. HEWES. ests as any other man in Colorado. He is at This gentleman was one of the early pioneers present largely interested in mining at Bonanza, of Colorado, and, aside from an extensive ex­ Saguache Co. perience in the transportation of supplies across the plains in the early days, has been promi­ THOMAS J. JONES. nently identified with the farming and stock Thomas J. Jones was the first settler at Val­ business in Colorado. He was born in Herman, mont, in Boulder Co. He was born in Madison Maine, in 1833. At the age of thirteen, removed Co., 111., in 1820. His father and family early with his parents to Beaver Dam, Wis. In 1852, removed to Jacksonville, in the same State, returned to Maine, and spent three years in op­ being the third family to settle in the county. erating a saw-mill, theuce went to Lawrence, When twenty-two years old, Thomas J. emi­ Mass., remaining two years in a cotton-mill. grated to the Platte purchase, then occupied by In 1857. returned to Beaver Dam, Wis., where Indians. After a short residence in Iowa and he was engaged in the wholesale and retail gro­ Nebraska, he took the Pike's Peak gold fever, cery business two years. He was married and came to this country, arriving in Boulder

9

T fe BOULDER COI. NTY. 840

the 14th of May, 1839. with the wagon loads which he spent two years on the border, in of goods, which he sold off immediately, and Missouri and Kansas. He then returned to went to mining in Gold Run. Returned in the Clark Co., 111., and followed fanning two years fall of that year, and the following spring and subsequently removed to Winnebago Co., brought out his family and went to Gold Dirt, same State, where he engaged in fanning eight where he sold goods, and built the big (¡oíd years. He then removed to Winneshiek Co., Dirt Hotel. But. before going to the mountains, : Iowa, and continued in the saine occupation. in July, 1859, he took up his Valmont ranche, 1 In the spriug of 1803, ho came to Colorado, to have something to fall back on, and he fell and located in Central City. Gilpin Co., where back to it in 18G2. where he is living at present, he followed mining live years. I íe subsequently most of the time keeping the only hotel of the worked on a farm on Left Hand Creek, in place, having, also, a valuable farm that has Boulder Co., one year, then went to Cache la never known the "ornament" of a mortgage. Poudre. Larimer Co.. and engaged in the dairy Having always lived on the border, he is a true ! business one year. In 1871. he returned to type of the pioneers of the West. Boulder Co.. and homestended 160 acres of land, three miles west of Ni Wot, on which ALBERT E. JOAB. he has since resided, engaged in agricultural The above-named gentleman, Principal of the pursuits. Public Schools of Longmont, Boulder Co., is a JAMES N. JON RS, M. D. man thoroughly qualified for the responsibili­ J. N. Jones, one of Colorado's pioneer phy­ ties incident to the work of education and the sicians, and n member of the medical profes­ proper maintenance of the standard of public in­ sion at Longmont, is of English and Welsh struction. He was born in Pomeroy. ( )hio, Dec. descent, and was born in Uniontown, Fayette 14, 185G. Early in life, he removed with bis Co., Penn., Jan. 1, 1840. His early life, until parents to Terre Haute, Ind., where he received he was fifteen years of age, was spent on' a an education in the public schools, and gradu­ farm and in attending district school, after ated at the high school of that city in 1876, which he attended high school at Swectley, after which he entered Phillips' Academy, same State, two years. He then decided to at Exeter, N. IL, where he completed his adopt the profession of medicine, and with preparatory course, and the following year, that view, during the succeeding three years, entered Yale College, but left that institution read under Smith Puller, M. D.. of his native during his sophomore year, to enter the educa­ town. He then entered the Jefferson Medical tional work of Colorado, in which he has since College at Philadelphia, and on March 8, been engaged, and is at present at the head of 1860, received the degree of M. D. During the public schools of Longmont, an efficient the spring of that year, he came to Colorado, and active worker and close student. arriving in August, and located in Nevadaville, Gilpin Co., where, during the succeeding three JOSHUA T. JOHNSON. years, he was engaged in the practice of medi­ Mr. Johnson, an enterprising farmer of cine. He subsequently practiced in Empire, Boulder Co., was born in Ashtabula Co., Ohio, Clear Creek Co., one year, and in Denver six Sept. 28, 1818. In his eighteenth year, he months. He then pre-empted 1GQ acres of land on Boulder Creek, in Weld Co., five miles removed with his parents to (.'lark Co., 111. southeast of Longmont, on which he resided His early life, until attaining his majority, was two years, engaged in practice, when he again spent on a farm and in attending school, after BIOGRAPHICAL.

removed to Denver, where he practiced until winch he afterward pre-empted, and on which 1869. InAugustofthatyear.hu removed to he still resides. lie has since added 180 acres Burlington, Boulder Co., where he continued of adjoining land, and was engaged in stock- practice until the Chicago Colorado Colony growing and dairying until July, 1879, when located where Longmont now stands, when he he sold his stock, since Which time he has removed thither and hoeamo a member of the devoted his attention principally to agriculture. colony, and erected one of the first residences 0 C. Welch & Co.'s coal mines at Louisville, built in Longmont. lie has since resided there, are located on his farm, for which he receives engaged in the active practice of his profession, a royalty. and is one of Longmont's honored and worthy FREDERICK W. KÖHLER. citizens. Dr. Jones was married in June, 1869, Among the farmers of Boulder Co. who to Miss .Mary Bailey, daughter of J. C. Bailey merit more than a passing mention in the his­ of Weld Co., and has one son. tory of the new State, and who have demon­ strated that agricultural pursuits can be suc­ DAVID KERR. cessfully carried on in Colorado, is the sub­ Among the early settlers of Colorado who ject of this sketch. He was born in Saxony, have secured for themselves good homes and Germany, Oct. 24, 1832. His early life was a decent competency, by hard work and fru­ spent on a farm and in school. In his eight­ gal habits, it is proper to mention David eenth year, he came to America and located Kerr, who has, since the fall of 1861, resided in Tioga Co., Penn., where he worked on a farm on Coal Creek, Boulder Co., near the present during the succeeding six y-ears. In 1856, he site of Louisville. He was born in Madison went to California via the isthmus route, and Co., Ky., Dec. 28, 1833. While yet an infant, engaged in mining six years. In the spring of he was taken by his parents to Jackson Co,, 1862, he returned to the States by the same Mo., where his early life, until his twenty-fifth route, and immediately came to Colorado. He year, was spent with his father, who was en­ shortly afterward purchased 100 acres of land gaged in taking various contracts to carry U. two miles south of Boulder City, to which he S. mail, until the fall of 1850, when he removed has since added 400 acres of adjoining lands, to Kansas City, and there continued the same and has since been devoting his attention business until he was married, Jan. 6, 1838, to chiefly to fanning and stock-raising. He has Miss Mary A. Clark, of that city, after which also devoted some attention to mining, and is he followed teaming three years. In the spring a member of the Corning Tunnel Company' of of 1861, he came to Colorado, and after mining Gold Hill. Mr. Kohler was married in June, a short time in California Gulch, removed to 1868, to Miss Rosa Viole, of Boulder. Buckskin Joe and engaged in freighting be­ tween that place and Canon City, during that HON. ALFRED E. LEA. fall. The following spring he purchased a dairy, Prominent among the pioneer miners of in which business he continued that season. Colorado is the gentleman whose name ap­ In the fall of 1862, he removed to Cañón City, pears above. His activity in both public and where he spent the winter. The following private enterprises during his many years' resi­ spring he removed to Black Hawk, Gilpin Co., dence in Colorado is illustrative of tho honor­ where he purchased and run a dairy until the able success to be attained, and the advantages fall of 1801. He then bought the improve­ accruing through one such resolute and public- ments on 160 acres of land, on Coal Creek, spirited man. He was born in Cleveland,

^ IS TT BOULDER COUNTY. 051

East Tonn.. March 26, 1845 ; while yet a child, the year 1864, which succeeded in effectually he was taken by his parents to Jackson Co., terminating the hostilities and liberating the Mo., where his early life was spent upon a farm, State, culminating at the battle of Saud Creek. receiving a liberal education in the public schools. In 1862, being then in his seventeenth JEREMIAH LEGGETT. year, he emigrated to Colorado, and went imme­ Mr. Leggelt, one of Boulder County's enter­ diately into the mountains to engage in mining. prising citizens, and a successful farmer and He located at Black Hawk, Gilpin Co., then the stock-grower, was born in Licking Co., Ohio, center of the mining district, and there contin­ May 16,1837. In his fourteenth year, he re­ ued mining during the succeeding eight years. moved with his parents to Henry Co., Ind., He became prominently identified with tbe af­ thence, in 1854, to Polk Co., Iowa. His early fairs of the district, and, in 1869, was elected life was spent in attending district school. to the Lower House of the Territorial Legis­ When he was sixteen years of age, his father' lature, where he introduced the first and only died, after which he remained on the farm with bill to extend the right of suffrage to women, his mother until the spring of 1860. He then and which was one of the principal features came to Colorado and spent the season travel­ of that session. Early in the spring of 1870, ing over the State, and in making a number of when the excitement occurred, on tlio discovery trips across tbe plains. The following fall he of the Caribou mine, at Caribou, Boulder Co., returned to Iowa, and, during the succeeding he removed thither, and. in company with Gov. five years, was engaged in farming. In the McCook and J. U. Marlow, began mining oper­ spring of 1866, he again came to Colorado and ations at that place. In the fall of 1871, he located on Left Hand Creek, Boulder Co., where was elected County Clerk and Recorder of he farmed that season. The following spring Boulder Co., and removed to Boulder City. In he purchased 240 acres of land on Boulder 1873, he was re-elected to that office, which posi­ Creek, eight miles below Boulder City, where tion he honorably filled during his terms of office. he has since resided, engaged in fanning, stock- Since 1876, he has been engaged in the abstract, growing and dairying. During the years of real estate and brokerage business. Mr. Lea 1877-78, he was President of the Boulder has always taken an interest in all enterprises County Industrial Association, of which he is for the advancement of the interests of the at present Vice President. Mr. Leggett was county, an illustration of which was afforded united in marriage in Oct. 31, 1801, to Miss during the construction of the Colorado Central Augusta Hinman, of Polk Co., Iowa. Railroad, when $200,000 of said Company's stock, which had been taken in lieu of Boulder PORTER D. LEARNARD. Co. bonds, had been, upon solicitation of the This gentleman, station agent for the Col­ road, surrendered by the County Commissioners. orado Central Railroad Company at Louisville, Mr. Lea, supported by a few other citizens, came Boulder Co., was born in Fairfax, Franklin Co., forward on behalf of the county, and to his Vt, Nov. 6,1847. He is of English and Scotch efforts is duo the return of said stock, through descent. In 1852, He removed with his parents the courts to the county. Mr. Lea was married, to Dane Co., Wis., where his early life was Dec. 13, 1871, to Hersa Coberly Soule, of Den­ spent in'attending district school. Aug. 15, ver. Although Mr. Lea did not participate in 1862, when not quite fifteen years of age, he the late civil war, he was one of Colorado's brave enlisted in Company E, 23d Wis. V. I., and re­ soldiers in the contest with the Indians during mained with his company through its various 652 BIOGRAPHICAL. engagements until the close of the war, and four years. In 1851, he removed to Hagers- was. honorably mustered out of tbe service at town, Ind., and embarked in the mercantile Mobile, Ala., July 4, 1805. He then returned business, continuing the same three years. He home, and, during the succeeding four years, then removed to Des Moines, Iowa, and en­ worked on his father's farm a portion of the gaged in the real estate business. In tho time, and the remainder with his brother Perry spring of 1860, he came to Colorado and B.. at the jeweler's trade. In 1869, he followed located in Left Hand Canon, Boulder Co., railroading one year, after which he came to where he was engaged in raising vegetables, Colorado, and, in connection with his, brother until the spring of 1863. He then rented a Perry B., opened a jewelry store in Boulder farm of W. A. Davidson, on Boulder Creek, City. At tho expiration of one year, he sold on which he remained two years. He then out, and, during the succeeding two years, was purchased 160 acres of land on the same creek, engaged in farming. During the winter of ten miles below Boulder City, on which he has 1874-75, he learned telegraphy in the Rocky since resided, engaged in farming and stock- Mountain Telegraph Company's office in Boul­ raising, and has, from time to time, purchased der. The following spring, he took charge of an additional land, until he at present has 700 office at Davidson Station, on the Colorado Cen­ acres of well-improved land, Mr. Leyner was tral Railroad, six miles below Boulder. After married in September, 1859, to Miss Maria A. Dock, of Columbiana Co., Ohio, and has a remaining in charge of that office six months, family of seven children — four sons and it was closed up, and he was sent by the three daughters. company to their office in Denver, where he remained until March, 1876, when he was appointed agent at Denver Junction, by the PETER D. LUDWIG. Kansas Pacific Railroad Company. Nov. 1, This gentleman was born in Schuylkill Co., 1878, he resigned that position to accept that Penn., March 17, 1850. His early life was of Ticket, Freight and Station Agent for the spent in attending school. In his nineteenth Colorado Central Railroad, at Louisville, Boul­ year, be served an apprenticeship at the mill­ der Co., in which office he has since remained. ing trade. In 1873, he went to Philadelphia, Mt, Learnard was married, Oct. 19, 1871, to and engaged in the manufacture of mattresses Miss Alice Pound, daughter of Ephraim Pound, and bedding, continuing in the same three of Boulder City. years. In 1877, he came to Boulder City, Colo., and took charge of, and ran, Sternberg's PETER A. LEYNER. Flour Mill about eighteen months. In tho fall Among the pioneer farmers of Boulder Co., of 1878, he went to Leadville and engaged in who still reside in Boulder Valley and have the manufacture of mattresses and bedding, passed through the varied experiences of front­ remaining, however, but a short time. He ier life and become familiar with the history then returned to Boulder City, and embarked and growth of the State, is^thc subject of this in the furniture and undertaking business, sketch. He was born in Bavaria, Germany, opening a store on Pearl street, where he has Nov. 16, 1S22. At an early age, he came with since continued in business, and, by close atten­ his parents to America, and located in Butler tion and fair dealing, is building up a good Co., Ohio, where his early life, until his nine­ trade. He was married, Nov. 28,1878, to Miss teenth year, was spent on his father's farm, Isabella Smith, daughter of Hugh Smith, of after which he engaged in farming for himself New Sharon, Iowa, and has one son. 5 a. c. il K BOULDER COUNTY. 6ß8 [ HILBERT LEHM ER, fishing of the nucleus, around which have grown r Owner of the Seven-Thirty mine, at Caribou, up the great industries of Colorado, was due to Boulder Co., is one of the enterprising mining the efforts of a few hardy men. whose ardor and men of that district. He is a native of Ohio, energy were not lessened by the toilsome journey and was born at Cincinnati. Oct. 13, 1852. His across the great plains or the hardships incident father is a commission merchant of that city. to frontier settlements. Without a sketch of Gilbert Lehmer was educated at Phillips Acad­ the life of James A. Maxwell in this history emy, in Andovcr, Mass., and graduated from would be to omit one of Colorado's most active that institution in 1870. After which he went pioneers, one who has witnessed Hie transition, to Europe and attended the Universities of step by step, of an almost unknown region into Bonn, Leipsic and Paris, remaining there until an empire, rich in resources, and dotted with 1875, then returned to the United States, and populous cities and towns. James A. Maxwell came to Colorado, where he spent his time more was born in Guilford, Windham Co., Vt, Dec. as a tourist than in business pursuits, until 28,1812. Leaving Vermont at the age of 1877, when he leased and bonded the Seven- twelve, he entered the Manual Labor Institute, Thirty mine, at Caribou, of which he is now at Utica, N. Y., and two years later, began an the owner. The mine has a main shaft of 400 apprenticeship to the mason's trade, which he feet in depth, and 3,000 feet of levels ; a shaft- subsequently followed until 1833, having re­ house 30x60 feet, and steam hoisting works and moved in the meantime to Utica, Fountain Co., machinery. Ind., where he was married to Susan B. Clark, HENRY B. LUDLOW. daughter of B. T. Clark, of New York City. Henry B. Ludlow is one of the pioneer farm­ In 1837, he removed to Walworth Co., Wis., ers of Boulder Co., who was among the first to where he purchased a section of land, and dur­ take up a homestead in the beautiful Boulder ing the succeeding ten years, was extensively Valley, where he still resides. He was born in engaged in farming and the stock business. Huron Co., Ohio, June 8. 1834. At an early After selling his farm, he removed to Baraboo, age. he removed with his parents to Cass Co., county seat of Sauk Co., near which he pur­ Mich., where his early life, until his seventeenth chased a quarter-section of land, covering a year, was spent on his father's farm and in water power. Here he built and operated a attending school, after which he worked on a saw-mill, and tub and pail factory, Three years farm, by the month, seven years. In the fall later, he built a Hoar-mill, and operated the of 1859, he came to Colorado and spent the same twelve years. After operating the tub winter in Boulder City. The following spring, and pail factory five or six years, he sold the he went to Breckenridge, where he followed same with one-half of the water-power, for mining six months, after which he returned to $10,000, and in 1857, leased bis flour-mill. He Boulder City, and spent the winter, In the conducted an extensive, lumber business until spring of 1861, he took up 160 aeres of land his removal to Colorado, in 1800, and soon after on Boulder Creek, near White Rock, where he his arrival in Denver, went into the mountains, has since, been engaged in agricultural pursuits. where he remained one year, having built a Mr. Ludlow was married, May 6, 1867, to Miss house at Central City, and one at Nevadaville, Mary Gage, of Cass Co., Mich. the bitter ' having been destroyed by lire soon after its completion, and the entire town shared JAMES A. MAXWELL. the same fate. During that year, he also made In the chronicles of pioneer life, is revealed J several trips across the plains with trains of the fact that the successful founding and estáb­

®— r • 654 BIOGRAPHICAL.

supplies. In the spring of 18G2, he purchased The maternal grandparents of the subject of a ranche ten miles below Denver, on tbe Platte this sketch, came to live with her parents, and Hiver, whither he removed, and remained there the little girl found in her grandmother a de­ improving the same until the fall of 18G3. He lightful companion. She was an eccentric old then rented his ranche and went to Iowa, lady, intensely fond of nature, and the two where he purchased a large herd of cattle for spent days together, rambling among the rocks Smith & Tyler, with which he returned to Colo­ and woods, until the child, who was frail, and rado and located in Boulder Co. He spent unable to endure confinement in the school­ the succeeding year looking after his cattle and room, became far more familiar with and fond superintending Tyler & Maxwell's saw-mill and of the birds and squirrels and all the little lumber business. After which he removed to wild folk of the forest than with children of Boulder, and, in company with C. M. Tyler, her own age. built a saw-mill three miles above Boulder, and When Martha was about ten years of age, continued in the lumber business, under the her mother married Jos iah Dartt, her former firm name of C. M. Tyler & Co., until 1868, husband's cousin. He was a man who cared meanwhile shipping large quantities of lumber little for business, but was devoted to books to Cheyenne. Prom 1868 to 1870, he operated and study in preparation for the ministry, with a number of wood saws along tho line of tho the design of becoming a missionary to the Union Pacific Railway, from Cheyenne to Prom­ Indians in Oregon. He recognized the inde­ ontory. During which time, his son sold his pendence and originality of his step-daughter, interest in the South Boulder Mill, and pur­ speaking of her as a " diamond in the rough," chased Mr. Tyler's interest in the mill, near and many were the hours spent by them in the Boulder, which he and his son operated two discussion of themes connected with science years, since which time he has continued to re­ and metaphysics—topics usually avoided by side at his present residence at the entrance of children, because dry and uninteresting to Boulder Cafion, leading a retired life. them. It was with this missionary work in view MARTHA A. MAXWELL. that the family left Pennsylvania two years Mrs. M. A. Maxwell, whose success as an later, but, upon reaching Illinois, a long sick­ artist-taxidermist and naturalist called forth so ness caused the project to be given up, and much admiration at the Centennial Exposition, they settled near Madison, Wis., where Mr. and subsequently in the East, is one of Colo­ Dartt pursued civil-engineering and surveying. rado's most prominent and enterprising ladies. It was in making their home in this place, then She was born near "Wellsboro, Penn. When so wild, that Mrs. Maxwell fired her first shot she was but little more than two years old, her and killed her first game—a huge rattlesnake. father died, leaving her to the sole charge of I Her father's profession called him often from her mother, who, from the time of her birth, home, and, one day in his absence, she and her for nearly seven years, was an invalid, helpless mother were alarmed by a peculiar noise, com­ child, but developed into a wf .nan of remarkable ing apparently from the unfinished corner of character. In religious faith—in unswerving the building. Going to look, they discovered a devotion to her ideas of right, whether popular large rattlesnake in one corner, his rattles in or otherwise—Amy Sanford, her maiden name, rapid motion, and his body coiled as if about indicated the independence, energy' and native to spring upon her little sister, who was uncon­ refinement of her Puritan, Connecticut ancestors. sciously playing a few feet from him. Quick BOULDER COUNTY. 655

as thought she caught the child away, seized women known at the mines. Without a mur­ her father's ever-ready rifle, and, steadying it mur she exchanged her beautiful home in Wis­ across some rails, tired—the ball sending the consin for, first a tent, then a log-house, with snake mortally wounded into the cellar. After dirt roof and floor, and, after she had helped this adventure, shooting seemed an art which to earn the money, and lumber became obtain­ it was necessary for her to practice. able, a more comfortable house. Here she kept From the time of their removal to Wiscon­ boarders, sewed, and did any kind of work sin, for some years, her parents were her only needful to accomplish the end for which she teachers—her two little step-sisters, to whom came. But vigorous manhood or womanhood she was largely mother as well as companion, finds material for growth and happiness wher­ and sundry pets chosen from the woods, her ever it is placed. So, in the midst of these only playmates. Owing to her mother's frail surroundings, she found abundant material to health, after she was twelve years old, the feed her artistic tastes. The mountains wore dressmaking of the family devolved upon her. an unfailing source of delight to her, and when, She used no patterns, but litted garments nicely after three years of hard work, privation and —cutting simply by her eye. At nineteen, she adventure, she was recalled to Wisconsin by was sent to Oberlin, Ohio, that she might see the serious illness of her mother, she brought life in different surroundings, and have better back a yearning love for the cloud-capped sum­ opportunities to pursue her studies. Then her mits and grand solitudes of the mountains, unvarying kindness and thoughtfulness for and some oil-sketches by which, without in­ every one, her pleasant face and modest ways, struction, she had attempted to preserve some won multitudes of friends among the students of the scenery she admired. She returned a de­ and teachers. veloped woman. The incidents of her frontier Her love of study was a passion, and it was life had taught her the real value of external with keen regret that, in her junior year, she surroundings and conventional society. She left school and gave up the hope of completing had looked life and her own real soul in the her course of study. A little later, however, face, and could never again be satisfied with a she had the opportunity of attending Lawrence routine lived in only for the sake of living. University, Appleton, Wis., for a year, at the Her sisters were now young ladies at school. end of which time she married Mr. James A. She entered into their pursuit of knowledge Maxwell. After seven years of the unceasing with full sympathy. The institution where domestic care and labor which necessarily they were was new. The principal was anxious devolve upon a woman at the head of a large to collect a cabinet for the study of natural his­ family (for Mr. Maxwell was a widower with tory and she volunteered to assist him, and with several children when Miss Dartt married him, and for this purpose, she stuffed her first him), her husband's finances became involved, birds. They had very little instruction from and they left their only child, then two years any one. What they lacked in knowledge she old, with Mrs. Maxwell's mother, and went to supplied by invention. Pike's Peak. That was the name by which all At length she returned with her sisters to the gold-bearing region east of the Rocky the old home at Madison. Its rooms were low Mountains was then known, and was the El and bare, but her genius made them beautiful. Dorado of everybody's dreams. Her mother, with a passion for flowers, had a They located at Mountain City, and Mrs. profusion of roses, fuchsias and gerat i urns, Maxwell was one of the first half-dozen white and a magnificent English ivy. Thh. she

~7

trained over book-shelves and cabinets, win­ naturally in an easy chair, that she cuffed it dows and doors, perched among its dark-green with an order to get down, only to find herself leaves scarlet tannius, golden orioles, and many deceived by Mrs. Maxwell's skill. Rosa Bon­ other less brilliant, but not less graceful birds. heur never studied horses and cattle more A large engraving of Stuart's Washington was faithfully and lovingly than Mrs. Maxwell framed in leatherwork by her skillful fingers, studied animated nature. So far it was mere while bits of landscape-engraving and of dis­ recreation, however, and a means of satisfying tinguished faces cut from magazines, were the artist-longing of her soul. framed in mullein stalks, which had upon them Mr. Maxwell was still struggling with ad­ the dried seed-capsules. The invention was verse fortune in Colorado. She had the care her own, but when finished with stain and var­ and education of her little daughter, and her nish, the oval frames, suspended in groups with share of the household work upon her hands. red cord and acorn tassels, were as beautiful In that household even hours of work were as the design was unique. Dainty squirrels also hours of study and thought. When the and humming-birds perched upon, or slyly sisters were together one would read aloud peeped from behind them, the flowers seemed while the others were occupied, and, in this growing from a pyramid of moss, while under­ way, many authors were read and discussed. neath her father's pet cabinet of geological At length it was deemed best for her to return specimens, on mossy rocks, a group of young, to Colorado, and, accompanied by her eldest downy, wildwood ducks sat in lazy content­ sister and daughter, she and her husband once ment or stretched their wings in happy delight, more found themselves a home on the frontier all but one—one had caught sight of a cunning —this time at Boulder. It was there, in the white weasel just stealing around the corner of spring of 1808, that she conceived the idea of their ledge, and was the very picture of fright. making a collection of the fauna of that region Her little May was inconsolable over the acci­ for scientific purposes. dental death of her pet rabbits, but had them At first she depended upon her husband and restored to her so perfect in form and atti­ the boys of the neighborhood for specimens, tude that she thought they ought to eat as but, as she saw many that were rare when there before. was no one near to shoot them, she revived her In less than a year the house was the admir­ long-ago acquired knowledge of firearms. Once ation of all who entered it—the very ideal having taken the resolution, nothing daunted or home of an artist and naturalist. From the discouraged her. She accompanied her husband first, her success in giving a life-like attitude on his business trips, camping out and sharing and expression to her specimens was wonder­ every hardship, that she might secure new spec­ ful. The family remember, with no little imens and the better study' their habits and amusement, the usual remarks of strangers attitudes. Many of her adventures were amus­ about those rabbits. " How tame your rabbits ing—some nearly tragic. Once, in driving are." " Yes," would be of course, replied. After across the country, they discovered an eagle noticing a few other thingj, they would say soaring over its nest in the upper branches of again : " I never saw such rabbits ; do they a cottonwood tree. She felt sure from the never move ? " and, coming nearer, they would bird's movement that the nest contained ea­ discover how the artist's skill made the dead glets, and was very anxious to get them, but live again. Her sister who had often helped the tree was large and its lower branches a her, found one day a dog lying curled up so considerable distance from the ground. Mr. if*

fe BOULDER COUNTY (¡50

Maxwell declared his willingness to climb it, subsisted entirely upon vegetable food, and and made the attempt, but failed. What drank no coffee, tea. or wine of any kind. The should be done ? Eaglets were rare. " Gould fact that she was of did ¡cate constitution in early you only put me upon your shoulders, I life helps to sustain the illustration which she believe I could reach the lowest limb, and then now presents of the physiological virtue of I know I could get them," she said. Mr. Max­ hygienic habits. In physical activity, as well as well is six feet high and broad in proportion, in the availability of her mental culture, she she hardly five, and by no means heavy. He is the admiration of her acquaintances. laughingly declared that no great feat for him, Hers has been, indeed, a busy life ; in the if it would be any advantage to her. The nest midst of great obstacles, she collected lier mu­ was reached, and she returned to his arms in seum, and exhibited the same at the Centen­ triumph, with one downy eagle in her bosom nial Exposition of industry and genius, into and an unhatched egg. That night, a hen, which were gathered the products of the world, upon maternity intent, completed the incuba­ and won there a name of which she may be tion of another king of birds. Unless destroyed, proud. Distinguished foreigners, appreciating they are still in a nest in the collection sold in her work, have delighted to notice her with St. Louis, for she was compelled, for pecuniary honor. She illustrates what a woman can do reasons, to sell the most of her first collection who is devoted to something, having a capacity when she had prepared about twelve hundred for it. and a purpose to achieve it—can do and specimens. still be womanly. The collection exhibited in the Kansas and Mrs. Maxwell has prepared and arranged Colorado building at the Centennial Exposi- with her own hands a most elaborate collec­ sition, was commenced about ten years previ­ tion of animals and birds to be found in Colo­ ous—the one sold being made before that time. rado. In all of her exhibitions, she has dis­ No one noi intimately acquainted with her can played a remarkable amount of taste and for.r: any idea of the labor and self-denial it artistic skill in their arrangement. Each one has cost her. The work of' preparing and in his native mountain home—the mountain arranging so many specimens would in itself sheep perched high up the mountain side, free be considered a great undertaking, including as the brilliant, air of his cliff-like home, with as it does the whole fauna of Colorado, from tbe elk and mountain lion, deer, fox, and bea­ baby humming-birds to buffaloes and grizzly ver below him, and so down to the huge buffalo bears. The Centennial was not in her thoughts on the plain, even the prairie dog and its ac­ when making the collection. In addition to the companying owl, and so down to the minutest mounting of all these, she has spent months thing—all arc beautifully represented. in the mountains, hunting and studying the Colorado will ever be indebted to Mrs. Max­ habits of her specimens, also six months or well for her untiring devotion to her State in more in California for the purposes of her col­ thus gathering together so rare a collection lection. from her domain—one of the most wonderful It is a fact deserving of mention that Mrs. and interesting fields for the art of taxidermy Maxwell's activity, robust health, and elastic and the study of natural history. Mrs. Max­ vigor are not in any way due to the use of stimu­ well is a highly cultivated and refined lady, lating food or beverages. Although she has en­ unassuming and modest in manner, and thor dured all conceivable exposures and hardships oughly versed in natural history, geology and in her lone life in the mountain wilds, she has botany, and an ardent admirer of science. eco. BIOGRAPHICAL.

NEIL D. MoKENZIE. management, the present owner enjoys the rep­ The above-named gentleman occupies a place utation of one of the most careful and prac­ among the real and substantial representatives tical of miners. As a citizen of Caribou, Mr. of Colorado's chief industry, and since com­ McKenzie has taken an active part in the ing to Colorado, his attention has been chiefly establishment of her schools. In politics, he occupied by the multiplicity of business cares is found in the front ranks of the Democracy. incident to mining operations. With an ex­ He was married in Boulder, Nov. 19, 1878, to perience dating back over a period of fiftean Miss Isabel M. Backus, daughter of Benjamin years, his success and place in mining circles Backus, of Illinois, and has one son. have been attained deservedly and worthily. He is a native of Nova Scotia, and was born at HON. JAMES P. MAXWELL. Cape Breton, Nov. 29,1843. His parents were Mr. Maxwell is an able and distinguished Highland Scotch, and emigrated from that coun­ representative man in the public affairs of Col­ try in the early days of emigration to the Amer­ orado. As in this relation he has merited uni­ ican continent. His father, Donald McKenzie, versal esteem by his honorable record, so in his was a teacher by occupation in Nova Scotia. Neil official capacity, as Treasurer of Boulder Co. D. McKenzie remained there upon a farm until and one of her pioneer citizens, his character twenty years of age, when he emigrated to the and integrity are unblemished. He was born New England States, engaging in the lumber in Walworth Co., Wis., June 20, 1839. He business until his removal to Colorado in 1866, passed his early life on his father's farm, and in June of which year he arrived in Denver, in 1847, accompanied his parents to Baraboo, and shortly after went into the mountains to Sauk Co., Wis. In 1854, he entered Lawrence engage in mining, which business be has fol­ University, at Appleton. Wis., and graduated lowed, with success, up to the present time, from that institution in June, 1859, after which having begun first in Summit and Gilpin Cos. ; he emigrated with his father to Colorado but, upon the breaking-out of the excitement locating in Gilpin Co., where he was engaged in the Caribou mining district, in Boulder in mining, chiefly in Lump Gulch, until 1868. Co., in June, 1870, he moved thither and pur­ Meanwhile, in 1863, in company with Capt. C. chased one-half of the Boulder County and M. Tyler, he built and operated a steam saw­ Poorman mines, the latter having been discov­ mill on South Boulder Creek, Boulder Co. In ered in 1869, by Samuel P. Conger, George 1807, he sold his interest in this mill and pur­ Lytle and William Martin. Himself and part­ chased Capt. Tyler's interest in the saw-mill ners continued working both of these mines, located near Boulder, in company with his with marked success, until February, 1880, father. They operated this mill two years. when they sold the Boulder County mine to a Mr. Maxwell has taken a prominent part in the New York Company, called the Boulder Coun­ political affairs of Colorado for the past ten ty Consolidated Gold and Silver Mining Com­ years. He was elected, on the Republican pany. During the year 1880, Mr. McKenzie ticket, to the Territorial Legislature in 1871, purchased the other half of tire Poorman and served two terms. After the admission of mine. This mine has a main maft of 210 feet Colorado, as a State, into the Union, he was in depth, and about 300 feet of levels, and has elected to the Senate, of which he was made produced, up to the present time, $35,000. It' President, which position he now holds. His is considered in value one among the first in attention, of late years, has been devoted to the district, and at the head of its affairs and civil engineering. Employed on Mineral and

S r -1¿_

BOULDER ('OrXTY. 061

Governmental surveys, while absent, on a sur­ to take an account of the property of Free State veying expedition in 1871), without his knowl­ men, which had been destroyed by the Pro-Slav­ edge, he was elected Treasurer of Boulder Co., ery men. He received the appointment and and has since continued in the honorable dis­ served one year. At the breaking-out of the charge of the duties of that office, He was war of the rebellion, he entered the mercantile married in Gilpin Co., Jan. 24, 1863, to Miss business and continued the same until the close Frar celia 0. Smith, second daughter of Mr. N. of the war. Then sold out and removed to K. Smith, now of Boulder, Topeka and entered the hotel business, but re­ moved soon after to Manhattan, same State, HON. WILLIAM McKAY. where he was engaged in the practice of law, a Judge McKay was born in Jefferson Co., greater portion of the time, until 1871. Thence Ind., Dec. 8, 1813, and is descended from Irish removed to Colorado, and settled in Boulder, and Scotch ancestry. His parents were natives where he conducted the Colorado House, one of the South, his father of Maryland, and his and a half years, then was engaged in mining mother of Kentucky, Until 1829, the subject for the succeeding four years, and still owns a of this sketch was at his father's home on the one-fourth interest in the Ellen and Springdale farm. In the main, he obtained his own educa­ in Boulder County ; since which time he has tion by hard and constant labor, stimulated by resided in Boulder, having been engaged in his natural fondness for books, and thirst for the practice of law, until elected Justice of the knowledge. In his youth he learned the car­ Peace in 1878, which office he now holds. In penter's trade at Bloomfield, Ky,, and in 1833, politics he has always heen a stanch Republican, removed to Evansville, Ind., where he followed and helped organize the Republican party in his trade one year, after which, he served as the State of Iowa in 1850, and afterward was a clerk in the post office there ; also Deputy Clerk member of the convention in Kansas in 1859, of the court, until 1837. He then spent the for the same purpose. He was marripd in year 1838 in the Southern States ; returning to 1848, to Miss Martha Kirkhride, of Des Moines, Indiana again, he began the study of law at Iowa. Kockport, in the office of Judge Goodlet, and A. J. MACKY. was admitted to the bar in 1840, and there re­ Tho above-named gentleman was one of the mained in practice until 1843; thence removed first permanent settlers in Boulder, and has de­ to Fairfield, Iowa, and was there occupied in his voted his best energies to the upbuilding of its profession until 1840. Thence to Des Moines, institutions. He is a native of the State of New Iowa, where, in 1848, he was elected Judge of York. He was born in Herkimer Co., of that the district court, which office he held about State, Nov. 11, 1834, and remained upon the five years. In 1854, he was elected Com­ homo farm until eighteen years of age, then missioner of the Dos Moines River improve­ learned the carpenter and joiner's trade, which ment, and ' held it until he resigned in 1856. ho followed several years. During 1857-58, he Thence removed to Leavenworth, Kan., and re­ he was engaged in filling large lumber contracts mained in the real estate business there, and in Wisconsin, and employed a large number of at "Wyandotte, Kan., until 1859 ; also practiced men. In the fall of 1858, hearing of the Pike's law at the latter place, then was elected by the Peak gold diggings, he closed up his business, Legislature, one of the Commissioners to codify apd started M'est in the winter of 1859, in com­ the laws of Kansas. During that session, tho pany with Hiram Buck and others. Their out­ Legislature passed an act to appoint an attorney fits consisted of three ox-teams, two cows, and a il 4- t *—

C02 BIOGRAPHICAL.

year's provisions. They traveled by way of regarded as a man of great integrity and fine Dubuque and Omaha, and, after reaching Boul­ business qualifications. Mr. Macky has been der, Colo., rested a few days ; then went to Gold always among the foremost in building up and Hill, taking a limited supply of provisions with improving the city. He was the first to build a them. Before returning, they visited Dead- frame house in the fall of 1860, and the first wood, now Rollinsville, thence to Black Hawk subsequently to build a brick business block, and Central City, at all of which places they and a block with iron front. Prom the early found the gulch claims taken up, and also a few days of Boulder to the present time, he has lode claims. After visiting Golden City and exercised his utmost endeavors and influences, Denver, he returned to Boulder, having invested in all the leading enterprises for the improve­ all of his money in mining claims and lots in ment and advantage of county and city. He Golden City. Necessity then compelled him was married March 8, 1870, to Miss AdalidaB. to again work at his trade, that of carpentering, Dickeson, a lady' of rare culture and refinement. until the spring of 1860, when he visited Califor­ nia Gulch, now Leadville, and purchased a gulch GEORGE R. MoINTOSH. claim in company with other parties for $2,000. This gentleman is one of the enterprising This venture proved a failure ; although carbon­ pioneers of Colorado, who came at an early ates were found, they contained no free gold, date and remained amid the hardships and dis­ and were regarded worthless. After exchang­ advantages of frontier life, and have witnessed ing his claim for a mule, he returned to Boul­ her development into a rich and prosperous der and entered the butchering business in com­ State. On the breaking-out of the late rebellion, pany with Mr. Hiram Buck, and at the same when the first call for troops was made in Colo­ time, worked at his trade. In August, 1861, he rado, he responded to that call, and took up was appointed Postmaster of Boulder, which of­ arms in his country's defense, and served until fice he held until 1869, six years of which time, the close of the war. Mr. Mcintosh is one of he also honorably filled the office of County Boulder Co.'s worthy and honored citizens, and Treasurer, Justice of the Peace, one term, and a successful farmer and stock-grower, which is School Secretary and Treasurer of Boulder. In attested by the purchase from time to time of August, 1870, he was appointed Clerk of the additional land, until he at present owns 1,000 District Court, for that District, by the Hon. acres in Boulder Co. He was born in Portage . James B. Belford, and filled that office in a Co., Ohio, May 12, 1837, and is of English and highly creditable manner, until December 28, Scotch descent. During his early life, he was 1878, when he resigned. During 1873-74 severely afflicted with asthma, but managed to he was Deputy Internal Revenue Collector, for devote some attention to acquiring an edu­ the counties of Boulder, Larimer and Weld. cation in the public schools. In his nine­ During the past eight years, he has held the teenth year, he decided to try the climate of office of Secretary of the Boulder Co. Industrial Wisconsin, and went to Sheboygan, in that Association, and while not Secretary, was State. After spending two years in the attempt Treasurer of that Association. In 1S72, he was at regaining his health, and receiving a little re­ elected Town Clerk and Tre~ surer, and has held lief, he taught school and clerked in a store two that office ever since, honorably discharging years. In the spring of 1860, his disease be­ the duties of his office. He has devoted much coming worse, he again decided to try another attention during the past eight years, to real climate, and started across the plains for Colo­ estate investments and loaning money, and is rado with an ox-team. On the v/ay across, he BOULDER COUNTY. 063 began to receive relief, and, shortly after arriv­ attended the dentistry department, in the Ann ing here, entirely recovered, and has not since, Arbor Medical College, one term. He then en­ with one exception, had an attach of his old gaged in the jewelry business, at Greenville, disease—asthma—and that was during a trip same State, until the fill of 1878. The fol­ East. Alter arriving in Colorado, he spent a lowing spring, he came to Colorado, and located short time in the mountains, then went to where in Boulder and formed a co-partnership with Greeley now stands, and took up 1G0 acres of Dr. A. P. Williams, with whom he continued land, on which, however, he remained but a one year. He then purchased Dr. Willaims' short time. He then returned to the mountains, interest, and has since been engaged in the active and followed mining eight months, on the Kent practice of his profession. Oct. 24, 186(5, Dr. Co. Lode, on Quartz Hill, near Central City. Merrill was united in marriage to Miss Gazella During the summer of 18G1, he went to the Brinks, daughter of Ervin Brinks, of Ionia Co,, Cache la Poudre Valley, and engaged in put­ Mich. ting up hay, which he hauled into the mount­ STEPHEN McBARNES. ains. Late in the fall of that year, he enlisted The above-named gentleman is intimately in Company G, 1st Colo. V. I., and remained connected with the mining interests of Boulder with his company until the close of the war, and Co,, and is now working successfully in com­ was honorably mustered out of the service in pany with Mr, Stoddard, the well-known Horsfal the fall of 18G5. The following winter he spent mine, one of the first discovered in Boulder Co. on a farm, near Ft. Collins, Larimer Co. Dur­ He is a native of Ohio, and was born in Woos- ing the spring of 18GG, he began freighting ter, Wayne Co., Nov. 19, 1840. His early across the plains, between the Missouri River life was passed upon his father's farm until six­ and Denver, continuing the same one year. He teen years of age, when he went to Kendallvillc, then pre-empted 160 acres of land near Ft. Col­ Ind,, and was there engaged in the lumber bus­ lins, which ho farmed one year, then sold it. In iness until 1863, at which time, he entered the 18G8, he purchased 100 acres of land four miles army, in Company B, 4th Iowa Cavalry, serving west of Longmont, on which he has since re­ until the close of the war, after which he re­ sided, engaged in farming and stock-raising. moved to Denver, Colo., and eight months later, Mr. Mcintosh was married, July 21, 1872, to began mining at California Gulch, chiefly work­ Miss Amanda J. Noble, of Iowa, and has a fam­ ing the Tabor placer mines, and afterward bó­ ily of three children, two sons and one daughter. tame the owner of the Rob Roy claim, which he also worked, until his removal to Boulder Co., PARKER MERRILL, D. D. S. in 1875, since which time his attention has Dr. P. Merrill, successor to Williams & Mer­ been devoted principally to developing his rill, was born in Massachusetts July 8, 1847. mines at Camp Crisman, on Four Mile Creek. At an early age, ho removed with his parents to His operations have attained considerable mag­ Kalamazoo, Mich. His early life was spent in nitude and success. He is the owner of several attending public school. In his ninth year, he valuable mines, among which are the Eclipse, began an apprenticeship, under his father, at Scott and Chicago, the latter two of which he the jeweler's trade, continuing to attend school owns in partnership with other parties. In during the winter seasons. In his eighteenth 1878, he leased and bonded the Horsfal Mine, IP company with Mr. Stoddard, for five years. year, while continuing work at his trade, he This mine has been considerably developed, began the study of medicine and dentistry. In with several well-timbered shafts, and numerous 1876, he went to Ann Arbor, Mich., where he «04 BIOGRAPHICAL. levels, aggregating many hundred feet, well a farm, and in fishing along the sea-coast. In equipped with hoisting machinery, and first- his eighteenth year, he went to Boston and class engine and boiler. This mine yielded to served an apprenticeship at the carpenter's the former owners, about $250,000, and is now trade, at which he continued to work until being worked successfully by the present own­ 1851. He then went to California, by way of ers. the Nicaragua route, and followed mining a H Alt MON MINCKLER. short time, after which, engaged in contracting Harmon Minckler is a native of the State of and building, at San Francisco and Sacramento. New York. He was born in Scoharie County In the spring of 1853, he returned to Maine, Aug. 1, 1836, and is of Holland descent. His by the same route, and engaged in contracting parents settled upon a farm in Sullivan Co., N. and building in his native county, three years. Y., when he was about nine years of age. He He then went to Wisconsin and engaged in was there engaged in fanning until attaining contracting in St. Croix County, three years. manhood. In 1856, he was married to Harriet In the fall of 1859, he went to Mississippi and B. Divine, of Liberty, Sullivan Co., N. Y. Dur­ continued in the same business, until the break­ ing the succeeding five years, ho was engaged ing-out of the civil war in 1861. He then as foreman in a tannery. At the breaking-out returned North to Tennessee, within the Federal of the war of the rebellion, he was employed lines, where he remained in the Government by the Government to purchase provisions and employ until the close of the rebellion, a part mules for the army, and at. its close purchased of the time in the engineer department, and large numbers of horses and mules .from the the remainder, as military conductor. In 1865, Government, which he sold in the Eastern mar­ he returned to Maine and run a packet between

ket. (From 1868 to 1875, he resided upon his Eastport and New York City, eight years. In farm in Sullivan Co., N. Y., devoting his atten­ 1873, he came to Colorado and engaged in con­ tion chiefly to farming and the stock business. tracting and building in Denver six years. In Thence removed to Colorado and located at January, 1879, he removed to Boulder City, and Caribou, Boulder Co., where he was employed opened a lumber yard and general building as top manager of Fullerton mines, and others, supplies' store, in which business he still con­ until 1878, when he became top manager of tinues. He was married in March, 1851, to the mines there purchased by B-, G. Dunn, and Bliss Emily I. Thurston, of Boston. • held that position until the sale and consolida­ tion of the mines in June, 1880, except the GEORGE M. McCLURE. Sherman mine, Of which he is still manager. This enterprising young business man, and At his home at Fremont Center, in Sullivan one of Boulder's honored and worthy citizens, Co., N. Y., where his family still reside, he has is a member of tbe firm of Bradley & McClure. filled various offices of public trust, having He is of Scotch descent, and was born in Mid­ held the office of Justice of the Peace twelve dletown, Vt, Aug. 22, 1845. His early life, years, and County Commissioner several years. until attaining the age of manhood,, was spent He now holds, and has held, for ten years, the in acquiring an education, completing the same position of Postmaster of that town. in the high school of his native town. He sub­ sequently clerked seven years in a dry goods JEREMIAH M. MORTON. store, in Poultney, Vt., for J. Jay Joslin—now of This gentleman was born in Washington Co., Denver. In 1873, he came with Mr. Joslin to Me., Jan. 2, 1828. His early life was spent on Denver, and clerked for him one year. In the BOULDER COUNTY. 665

spring of 1874, he came to Boulder, and in con­ he removed with his parents to Des Moines Co., nection with IL N. Bradley, opened a dry goods Iowa, where he engaged in farming two years. store, on Pearl St., where they now have one of During the succeeding eight years, he followed the finest retail establishments in Boulder. Mr. boating on the river. In 1849, he went to Cal­ McClure was married, in the spring of 1867, to ifornia by the overland route, and followed Miss Edilda Burnham, of Middletown, Vt., and mining four years, and farming two years. In has a family of four children, two sons and two 1855, he returned to the States, and purchased daughters. an interest in a grist and saw mill, which he OSCAR A. MCFARLAND. continued to run until the fall of 1858. He Oscar A. McFarland, senior member of the then came to Colorado, and spent the winter in firm of McFarland, Hubbell & Co., of Long­ Auraria — now Denver — and the following mont, was born in Russell Co., Va., in 1831. spring went to Gold Hill, Boulder Co., where He is of English and Scotch descent. His he followed mining the succeeding four years. early' life, until his seventeenth year, was spent In 1862, he purchased a claim for 160 acres of on a farm and in district schools. After which land, on St. Vrain Creek, fivemile s west of the he taught school two years in Virginia. In present site of Longmont, which he subse­ 1851, he went to Missouri and continued to quently homesteaded. In 1863, he removed on teach until 1853, when he embarked in the his farm, where he has since resided, engaged mercantile business. In 1860, he located in in farming and stock-raising. He has from Richmond, Mo., where he continued the mer­ time to time purchased additional land, until, cantile business until 1869, when he organized he at present owns 750 acres, all well improved, a savings bank, of which he was cashier for tho Mr. McCaslin was married in 1856, to Miss succeeding four years. In 1872, owing to fail­ Maranda Hagerty, of Emlenton, Penn. ing health, he came to Colorado, and in 1874, having recovered his health, he located in W. O, MORGRIDGE, Longmont, Boulder Co., and has since been manager of the drug house of H. N. Mor- engaged in business at this place. Mr. McFar­ gridge, of Boulder, was, born in Corinth, Me., land was married in October, 1855, to Miss Oct. 15, 1843. At an early age he learned the Ka!e Hubbell, at Liberty, Mo., and has a watch-maker's trade, and followed the same family of six children, three sons and three several years. At the breaking-out of the war daughters. he entered the army in November, 1861, in Com­ MATTHEW L. MoCASLIN. pany B, 3d Mich. V. I., and served three years. The subject of this sketch was one of a party Returning to Grand Rapids, Mich., he entered of adventurers, who, in 1849, crossed the plains the drug business, continuing the same until and journeyed through the wild, mountainous his removal to Boulder, Colo., in 1871, where regions, and across the range into California, in he purchased a drug store and remained in search of goldj and afterward, one of the first business until 1877, then sold out, and has pioneers of Colorada. Coming here in the fall since been in charge of his uncle's drug busi­ of 1858, he passed through the hardships and ness, at his present place of business. deprivations of frontier life, and has witnessed the wonderful change and development of a THOMAS McCALL. This gentleman, one of the pioneers of St. barren waste, into a rich and prosperous State. He was born in Butler Co., Penn., Feb. 16,1822. Vrain Valley, Boulder Co., and an honored and His early life was spent on a farm. In 1839, successful farmer, was born in Carroll Co., iL. 666 BIOGRAPHICAL.

Ohio, May 2, 1830. He is of Scotch and Irish a farm. His father was a native of England, descent. His early life, until attaining the age and emigrated to America when a young man, of manhood, was spent on a farm and in attend­ settling in Southern Illinois in 1820. His ing district school. In 1851, he removed to mother was a native of Tennessee, and removed Hamilton Co., Iowa, where, during the succeed­ to Williamson Co., 111., with her parents, in ing nine years, he was engaged in farming. In 1815. When the subject of this sketch was the spring of 1860, he came to Colorado and eleven years old, his mother was left a widow, took up 160 acres of land, on St. Vrain Creek, with a family of five children, and in limited two miles below the foot-hills, on which he and dependent circumstances, but, being a per­ resided until 1879, when he purchased 160 severing and industrious Christian woman, she acres of land near the entrance to St. Vrain managed, with the assistance of her only son, Cañón, where he at present resides. Since James M., who toiled hard and constantly, to coming to Colorado he has successfully de­ secure the comforts of life for the family ; James voted his attention to farming and stock-rais­ M. managed to defray' the expenses of his own ing, which is attested by the purchase, from education, and assisted in the education of his time to time, of additional land, until he at four sisters. He received his early education present owns 560 acres of land on St. Vrain in the district school of his native place, and, Creek, and 320 on Little Thompson Creek. In at the age of nineteen, entered MeKendree Col­ the faU of 1862, he was elected Justice of the lege, at Lebanon, 111., from which institution he Peace, which office he honorably filled eleven graduated in 1867. During his course, he as­ years. Mr. McCall was married in January, sisted himself by teaching a portion of the 1866, to Miss Eliza Jones, of Webster City, time, and, after graduating, obtained the posi­ Iowa, and has a family of seven children, three tion of Professor of Mathematics in an academy sons and four daughters. Afterward, he became Professor of English Lit­ erature, in the Southern Illinois College, at HON. JAMES M. NOETH. Carbondale, his native town. In 1868, he be­ The ability and high standard of excellence gan the study of law, and in September, 1869, maintained by the judiciary and bar of Colo­ entered the Union Law School of Chicago, from rado, needs no higher compliment than has been which institution he graduated in July, 1870, accorded to it by the ablest and most eminent with the conceded and well-deserved honors of jjfrists of the older States and seats of learning. a large class. Soon after, he was admitted to The legal profession of Colorado is her chief the bar of Illinois, by the Supreme Court, but professional ornament, and, as a part and parcel deferred entering the practice of law for one of which, the legal and judicial talent of Boulder year, accepting instead, the position of Princi­ Co. holds by no means an inferior rank. As a pal of the High School of Carbondale. He then began the practice of his profession, and representative of the acknowledged excellency afterward settled at Jacksonville, 111., where, at of her bar, and the impartial justice maintained the same time, having been one year Lecturer by her court, mention can here honorably and on Law, before the business department of the justly be made of the gentleman whose name Illinois College, he remained in an active and is written at the head of thi sketch, the late successful practice, commanding universal re­ Judge of the County Court of Boulder Co. spect for his admirable qualifications and legal Judge. North is a native of Illinois. He was ability, and a prominent rank at the bar, until born in Williamson Co., of that State, March 29, compelled to seek relief from asthma, an inher- 1845, and passed the early years of his life upon

BOULDER COUNTY. 667 itod affliction, by a chango of climate. Leav­ fall of 1859, he began the study of law in the ing Illinois in the summer of 1876, he came to office of Miller & Smith, and, one year laten Colorado and settled in Boulder, and, a few removed to Nebraska. In the spring of months later, having regained his health some­ 1862, pushed on to Colorado, and went imme­ what, he opened a law office, and continued in diately into the mountains. During the first practice until elected County Judge of Boulder six months he worked on lode Nó. 6, of the Co., in the fall of 1877. Although having been Bobtail mine. From that time until 1864, was a resident of Boulder for so short a time, his foreman on the Bobtail No. 1, Gregory mine, popularity secured for him a large majority of and Smith & Palmer mine, respectively. Dur­ the votes of the county. Judge North is a ing the Indian outbreak in 1864, he entered man of fine culture and legal education, rank­ the hundred-days service, and passed through ing high at the bar and on the bench, as has the Indian war. From 1865 to 1867, he was en­ been shown by the universal acceptance of his gaged in mining and prospecting in Gilpin and decisions, while on the bench, as eminently just Boulder Counties, during which time he dis­ and impartial. He is a devoted student of his­ covered the Hoosier mine, at Gold Hill, Boul­ tory and political economy, and has one of the der Co., and devoted his attention to developing largest and best-appointed libraries' in the the same. In 1872, he became foreman for county. In politics he is a man of unswerving Bela S. Buell. and remained until 1875, having principles, and has always been a stanch Re­ charge of the entire mining and milling busi­ publican. Apart from other interests, educa­ ness. In May, 1875, he removed to Boulder tional matters have always received his most County and resumed work on the Hoosier earnest support and active co-operation. He is mine, of which he was the owner. In June, at present Secretary of the Board of Education 1876, he purchased a half-interest in the Mel­ of Boulder. He has been twice married, first vina mine, which he has since been engaged in in September, 1870, to Miss Mattie McCoy, of opening and developing, and is also the owner Lebanon, 111., an accomplished and talented of a ten-stamp mill at Criswell, in connection woman, who died at Boulder, Dec. 2, 1877. with other parties. He is one of the principal He was again married, June 2, 1879, to Miss mining and milling men of Boulder County. Sarah C. White, of Boulder, an accomplished In the fall of 1878, he was elected to the Upper and able teacher, who had taught in the House of the Colorado Legislature. He is Boulder public schools for several years. With now Yice President of the National State Bank his estimable wife and children—now two—the of Boulder, which was organized in 1878. Mr. Judge lives happily among his books and pic­ Neikirk was married, Dec. 13, 1868,, to Miss tures in his beautiful home in Boulder. Emily Virden, daughter of Johu Virden, of Jamestown, Colo., and has a family of five HON. HENKY NEIKIRK. children—three sons and two daughters. Henry Neikirk was born in Elkhom, Carroll Co., HI., Nov. 27, 1839, and is descended from ROBERT NIVER. German ancestry, who were among the early Mr, Niver is one of the pioneers of Boulder settlers of Pennsylvania and Maryland. His County, whose early settlement on the small father, Manasses Neikirk, was a farmer by tract of land which he had selected as his occupation, and a pioneer of Illinois. The sub­ home, among the rich agricultural and pastoral ject of this sketch was educated at the Mt. lands of Coal Creek Valley, was beset by many Carroll Seminary, at Mt. Carroll, 111. In the difficulties and privations. Yet, through all, 668 BIOGRAPHICAL. bis increased lands attest his prosperity, and construction of the ditch, which office he con­ the reward of his industry. He was born in tinued to hold after the completion of the Columbia Co., N. Y., April 22, 1832, and is of same, until 1877, and to which he was again Holland descent, his ancestors having been elected in 1878, and still holds. Mr. Niver is among the very early settlers of that county. a live, energetic man, who is ever awake to the In 1844, he removed with his parents to Dodge agricultural and pastoral interests of this Co., Wis., where his early life was spent on a county. farm, and in attending district school. In his CAPT. DAVID H. NICHOLS. twenty-third year he was married to Miss Few of the pioneers of Colorado are so well Rosalia -M. Spear, of the same county, and dur­ known, as the subject of this sketch, and few ing the succeeding four years, was engaged in have been more active and prominent in the farming. In April, 1859, he joined the tide of measures undertaken for her material improve­ emigration then crossing the plains to Pike's ment, which have made possible her present Peak, arriving in Boulder City, with an ox brilliant achievements. He was born in Hard- team, July 24. He went immediately to the wick, Caledonia Co., Vt., March 16, 1826, and mountains and engaged in mining, until Novem­ is descended from Scotch and German ancestry. ber, then returned to Boulder City, where he His father, Ethan Nichols, was a farmer by oc­ spent the winter. In February, 1860, he took cupation, and removed to Whiteside Co., 111., in up 160 acres of land on Coal Creek, ten miles 1836, where he died one year later, leaving the southeast of Boulder City, which he afterward subject of this sketch, then in his tenth year, to pre-empted, and where he has since resided. make a start in life by his own exertions. David During the following July his wife joined him, H. left home two years afterward, rather un­ having crossed the plains with a brother-in-law, ceremoniously. Being of an intrepid nature and bringing with her two cows, with which he be­ fond of adventure, he went into the wild pine­ gan the large dairy business, which he after­ ries of Minnesota and Wisconsin, and remained ward carried on, increasing his dairy from time in the employ of lumber merchants until sev­ to time, with the money he realized by selling enteen years of age, then returned to Illinois butter at $1 per pound, and, soon afterward, and entered the employ of a Baptist minister in also engaged in stock-growing. He has since Warren Co. While there, he became interested added 640 acres of adjoining lands, on which in revival meetings, and united with the Bap­ he has successfully carried on dairying and tist Church. Two years later, he entered Shurt- stock-growing, and since 1870, has devoted liff College, at Alton, III, to prepare for the considerable Of attention to agriculture. In ministry ; but, after'remaining two years, aban­ 1877, he purchased a steam threshing machine, doned his studies, and entered the army of the which he has since run during the threshing Mexican war, in the independent mounted vol­ season. In 1872, he conceived the idea of unteers, of Warren Co., 111., under Capt. Stapp. building an irrigating ditch to convey water They were mustered into the service in Ohio, in from South Boulder Creek, down the Coal Col. Geo. B. Wright's Brigade, and left for Creek Valley, which resulted in the building of Mexico in April, 1847. He served thirteen the' South Boulder and Coal Creek ditch. months, and received his discharge June, 1848, After the organization of the South Boulder with the rank of Second Lieutenant, after which and Coal Creek pitch Company, of which he he went overland to California, and was en­ became a, large stockholder, he was elected to gaged in mining there until 1853, then re­ the office of Superintendent, to superintend the turned by way of the Isthmus to Illinois, and BOULDER COUNTY. 609

entered mercantile business, under the firm Line, and livery, feed and sale stables, on Pearl name of Nichols & Harriman, continuing the St., Boulder City, was born in Nicholas Co., same until his removal to Colorado in 1859. Ky., July 7, 1841. In his tenth year—his Upon his arrival in Colorado, he located in father being deceased—he removed with his Boulder, engaging in the blacksmith's business mother and sisters, to Memphis, Scotland Co., one year, then removed to Golden, where he Mo., where he entered business life, by clerking kept the Simpson House, now one of the in a drug store during the succeeding three old landmarks of that city but returned to years, and subsequently clerked in a dry goods Boulder at the end of eight months, and store until 1857. He then went to Doniphan exchanged his interest in tbe Tourtellote City, Kan., and clerked in drug, dry goods and & Squires saw-mill, for 160 acres of land ad­ grocery stores four years ; thence, in 1861, to joining the town, where he has since resided, Atchison, same State, where, during the follow­ having built a neat residence, and added other ing seven years, he continued in the same ca­ improvements to beautify and make his home pacity, in wholesale grocery houses. In 1868, attractive. During the Indian troubles in 1864, he formed ax partnership with Joel Roper, and he entered the hundred-day service, in Co. D, embarked in the grocery business, in that city, 3d Regiment Colo. Cavalry, and was commis­ continuing in the same until 1875. They then sioned Captain by Gov. Evans. He remained removed their stock of goods to Boulder City, until the close of hostilities, having participated and after carrying on the grocery business in in the battles of Buffalo Springs,'Beaver Creek, this city one year, they sold out to I. Berlin, and Sand Creek. While absent in this service and succeeded F. A. Squires in the livery, feed he was elected to the Territorial Legislature, and and sale business, on Eleventh St. In 1877, returned in time to be present at the session they moved their stock to the stable on Pearl held in the winter of 1864-65. At that time he St., then occupied by William Arnett, whose was Sheriff of the county, and resigned when stock they had previously purchased, and com­ elected to the Legislature. In 1873, be was bined the two, continuing the same until Feb­ again elected to the Lower House of the Legis­ ruary, 1879, when they purchased the business lature, of which he was made Speaker. In of the Great Western 'Bus Co., and removed to 1878, he was appointed by Gov. Pitkin, one of the stables which were occupied by that com­ the Commissioners of the State Penitentiary at pany, where they have since built up a large Canon City, for a term of six years, and has business. Mr. Nesbit was married Oct, 28, rendered valuable service to the State in that 1869, to Miss Jennie Davis, of Atchison, Kan. capacity. For a number of years, he has given his attention chiefly to stock-growing, and at ALBERT OSBORNE. present owns, in company with his brother, Guy Among the men who came to Colorado after Nichols, a herd of cattle and horses in the the close of the war, to settle permanently with­ Grand Encampment Creek Valley, Wyoming in her borders, none have maintained a higher Territory. Capt. Nichols was married in 1848, standard of citizenship and business integrity, to Miss Elizabeth Atkinson, of Warren Co,, 111., or evinced a nobler spirit of generosity toward and has a family of three children—two sons and his fellow-men, than Albert Osborne, of whom one daughter. it can be said that no hungry man was ever DAVID L. NESBIT. turned from his door unaided or unfed. He is D. L. Nesbit, of the firm of Roper & Nesbit, a native of Ohio, and was born in Huron Co., proprietors of the Great Western Omnibus of that State, Feb. 15, 1828. He is of English

7

to Mr. Burrows. In this operation they real­ since resided in Boulder, chiefly engaged in ized large returns, not only because of the mining and selling mining property to compa­ richness of the mines, but in the success nies, although ill health has compelled him of achieved by Mr. Pine in milling the ore so late to retire from active business. He was as to save a larger percentage of the gold. He married in January, 1838, to Miss Priscilla then associated with him William H. Russell, Smith, of New Jersey, who died Jan. 20, 1880. and operated a ten-stamp mill successfully in Mr. Pine has a family of six children living, Russell Gulch about eight months, then sold two sons and four daughters. B. Frank Pine, out to John Beverley. At this time he had his oldest son, is associated in the grocery gained a reputation as the most successful mill business with his father in Boulder, as the firm man in Colorado. Accompanied by Mr. Rus­ of B. F. Pine & Son. He was married in Au­ sell, he then went to Empire, Clear Creek Co., gust, 1878, to Mrs. Sarah E. Stinchfteld, widow where he operated a mill until 1864, having of George Stinchfield, of Michigan. Isaac S. established the first prospecting and developing is engaged in mining in Boulder Co., as Super­ company in Colorado. In 1864, he discontin­ intendent of the Lady Franklin mine, and was ued milling and gave his entire attention to married, Feb. 13, 1877, to Miss Cora E. Mc- prospecting in the vicinity of where George­ Manus. Elizabeth was married in 1860, to town now stands, and extended his exploration Caleb W. Hamill, who died in. 1863. Mrs. in the fall of 1864, over a large section of Hamill now lives in Chicago. Emma was mar­ country. He had attained popularity among ried in 1865, to Joseph W. Williams, and now the people, and the same fall was elected to the resides in Chicago. Mary was married in 1862, Territorial Legislature, serving one term, dur­ to George Satchell, who died, April 14, 1862. ing which time he had discovered rich silver Rebecca was married in 1866, to Henry 0. lodes and made the first discovery of the value Burgstresser, and resides in Boulder. of silver ore. These lodes were situated on McClellan and Brown mountains. ' He there COL. IVERS PHILLIPS. organized a company called the Pine Co., and This gentleman hails from the State of Mas­ started a town, which he named Argentine. sachusetts, and the greater portion of his life After securing a large amount of valuable was spent in active business pursuits, manufact­ mining property there, he returned to Empire. uring and railroad enterprises in that State. While in the Legislature, he originated and He participated prominently in the political secured the passage of a bill repealing the old affairs of Massachusetts, and held official po­ district mining law, entitling the location of sitions of great responsibility and public trust, claims of 100 feet by pre-emption and 100 feet having borne the reputation as one of the most by discovery, to 150x1,500 feet, which has since remained in force. After operating a honorable of men, always maintaining a high short time on his property at Empire, he sold standard of excellence and ability. He was two lodes, to a Philadelphia Co. In December, born in Ashburnham, Worcester Co., Mass., 1865^ he removed to Philadelphia, where he July 28, 1805, and is a descendant of New En­ continued to reside during the succeeding ten gland ancestry. His parents were * early set­ years, devoting his attention to loaning and tlers of Plymouth Co., Mass., and his father, investing money, and was also interested in the Amos S. Phillips, followed the occupation of a oil business, with the firm of Bennie, Long & farmer. The subject of this sketch, after pass­ Co. In 1874, he returned to Colorado and has ing through the grammar schools, was engaged in farming and teaching alternately, until nine- BOULDER COUNTY. 678 teen years of age, when the failing health of the concentration of the low-grade ore3 of his father necessitated his assuming charge of Boulder Co. In May, 1880, Col. Phillips, in the farm, in which capacity he remained until connection with other able and prominent gen­ 1832. He was then appointed Deputy Sheriff tlemen, organized the Boulder Mining & Con­ of Worcester Co., and held that position seven­ centrating Company of Colorado, with a cap­ teen years ; however, during the greater portion ital stock of $1,000,000, of which company he of that time, he discharged the duties of Sher­ is now President; Judge James M. North, iff. In 1849, he embarked in cotton and woolen Vice' President ; Joseph Wolfe, Secretary ; manufacturing at Fitchburg, and remained at Lewis Cheney, Treasurer, and A. M. Rouse, Su­ the head of that business about six yeara ; then perintendent. The principal office of the com­ leased his factory, although he still remains pany is at Boulder. the owner. During his residence in Fitchburg, Col. Phillips served as President of the Agri­ he was prominently connected with its munic­ cultural Society of Boulder Co., and is at pres­ ipal affairs, and served in nearly all of the ent a Director of the Colorado Central Rail­ principal offices of the city and county. In road. He was married first in 1828, at Fitch­ 1853, he was elected to the upper branch of the burg, Mass., and the second time in 1869, at State Legislature, serving one term. From Worcester, Mass, to Mrs. Abby R. Haynes, 1855 to 1873, he was prominently identified daughter of D. Sewell Richardson. was various railroad enterprises in Massachu­ setts. He first became President of the Fitch­ A. J. PANNOCK. burg & Worcester Railroad, and, after finishing Mr. Pannock, a well-known.and worthy pio­ the construction of that road, organized and neer of Colorado, who, during the early Indian built the Agricultural Branch, now a part of the troubles, took an active part in suppressing the Northern Division of the Old Colony Railroad. various outbreaks, having been Captain of a He was then made President of the Boston, militia company at Burlington, Boulder Co., Barre & Gardiner Railroad Company, and com­ and in 1864, 1st Lieutenant of Company D pleted the construction of that road in the of the 3d Colo. G, which participated in the spring of 1873. He has always taken an active strike for the liberty of the State, in the famous part, in military affairs, and was identified with battle at Sand Creek. The subject of this various military organizations in Massachusetts sketch was born in the State of New York from 1823 until the close of the war. At the Aug. 19,1828. When he was five years of age, age of twenty-seven, he was elected Colonel of he removed with his parents to Portage Co., a regiment of State militia, serving until 1865. Ohio, and from there in his tenth year, to Cuya­ In 1862, he was appointed United States Rev­ hoga County, near Cleveland, same State, and enue Collector for the Eighth District of Mas­ thence, five years later, to Rockford, III, where sachusetts, by President Lincoln, and served in he followed farming until 1854. During tbe that capacity seven years. In the summer of succeeding year, was engaged in butchering ; 1873, he left Massachusetts for Colorado, and then, in connection with his brother, built a extended his trip to California, although, in steamboat, which they ran on Rock River four 1866, he had visited Colorado to examine and years. During the years of 1860-61, he was report upon certain mining property. After Marshall of Rockford. In 1862, he came to his return East from his second visit, he re­ Colorado and located in Burlington, Boulder moved to Boulder, Colo., where he has since Co., and followed farming the succeeding year. resided, devoting his attention to mining and He then opened a hotel in that town which be C -V.

674 BIOGRAPHICAL.

ran one year. Meantime, shortly after settling first settlers in the State of Virginia. His early there, he was appointed Captain of a militia life was spent upon a farm until eighteen years company, and from that time to 1864, took an of age, meantime having removed with his active part in protecting the town of Burling­ parents to Monroe County, Tenn. In 1842, he ton and surrounding country, from Indian went to Iowa, but owing to the continuous rains raids. In October, 1864, he enlisted in Com­ and floods he became discouraged, and returned pany D 3d Colo. V. O, for the hundred-day to Tennessee, where he was married a year later service, and was appointed 1st Lieutenant of and resided in Monroe County, engaged in the company, which was stationed a portion of farming, until 1855 ; then was engaged in the the time at Valley Station, near Julesburg, and, mercantile business, in company with John C. during the service, participated in the Sand Vaughn, at Sweetwater, same county, until 1858, Creek fight, and was honorably mustered out when, owing to the warm political differences of the service in December of that year. He which prevailed at that time, just previous to then returned to the States, and in 1866, again the war, being himself a strong Whig and his came to Colorado and purchased 160 acres of partner of the opposite party, he withdrew land on Boulder Creek, in Weld County, and from his business partnership and removed engaged in agricultural pursuits. During the again to Iowa, and, six months later, settled in fall of that year he was elected Probate Judge Gentryville, Gentry County, Mo., from which of Weld County, but at the expiration of one place he removed to Colorado in the spring of year, resigned that office and returned to Rock- 1860, locating in Gilpin County, near Black ford, 111., where he spent the three succeeding Hawk, in June of that year. He remained there, years. In 1871, owing to failing health, he engaged in prospecting during the summers again removed to Colorado, and located in and cutting wood during the winters, until 1869. Longmont, Boulder Co., and engaged in mer­ In August, 1869, ho was one of the discoverers cantile pursuits, continuing the same two years. of the Caribou mine, in Boulder County, and From 1873 to 1878, he was engaged in mining the first ore was taken out in October of that at Sunshine, same county, and still owns an year. The company then formed for develop­ interest in the American StaT and Seward ing the mine was composed of the following mines, at that place. In January, 1878, he men: Samuel Mishler, George Lytle, William opened the City Hotel in Longmont, which he J. Martin, Hugh C. McCammon, Samuel P. C.m- ha$ since continued to run. Mr. Pannock was ger and John H. Pickel. In 1870, they sold married Dec. 25, 1847, to Miss Henrietta E. one-half of the mine to A. D. Breed, of Cincin­ Chandler, of Rockford, 111. nati. In 1873, Mr. Pickel removed to Neder­ land, where he resided and built a large por­ tion ofthat town, until 1875, when he removed JOHN H. PICKEL. to Denver, and became the owner of two farms John H. Pickel left the associations and com­ in Boulder County. Has since been engaged forts of a flourishing settlement in one of the in merchandising and mining in Nederland, and States east of the Mississippi River and emi­ is now the owner of valuable mining property grated to Colorado during the gold excitement twelve miles from Caribou, Boulder County, more than a score of years age, and remained among which are the Evergreen, Bonanza, through all of the phases of pioneer life. He Ready Cash, Oro, Cash and others. He is work­ was born near Knoxville, Term., August 2,1824. ing the mines, and owns and operates a free gold He is descended from English and German amalgamating mill successfully at that place. ancestry, his father's family being among the

BOULDER COUNTY. 677

FREDERICK PHILLIPPI. where, during the succeeding five years, he was P. Phillippi, dealer in harness, saddles, whips, engaged in mining and working at his trade. etc., on Pearl St., Boulder, was born in Ger­ In 1S64, he purchased a claim for 160 acres of many in January, 18-16. At an early age, he land in St. Vrain Canon, near the entrance, in came with his parents to America, and located Boulder Co., which he subsequently pre­ in Lancaster, Ohio, where he remained three empted, and where he has since resided en­ years, then removed to Chillicothe, same State, gaged in agricultural pursuits, and on which he thence, shortly afterward, to Findlay, Ohio, has some fine meadow lands. In the meantime, where he attended school until sixteen years of he has purchased 200 acres of fine agricultural ago. He then served an apprenticeship at the and meadow land, on St Vrain Creek, below the harness-maker's trade, atwhich he worked in the foot-hills. In the fall of 1871, he was elected last-named town, until 1860. During the suc­ Assessor of Boulder Co., which office he honor­ ceeding eight years, he traveled over the States ably filled one term. Mr. Reese was married, and worked at his trade in various places. In in 1871, to Miss Kate C. Gifford, and has two 1808, he opened a shop, in Jackson, Mich., and children—a son and daughter. engaged in business for himself. In the spring of 1872, he came to Colorado, and worked at EBENEZER ROWLAND his trade in Denver, for Gallop & Galleton six was born in Monmouthshire, England, March months. He then came to Boulder, and en­ 16, 1831, His parents emigrated to the United gaged in the harness business with his brother, States, before he reached the age of manhood, C. Phillippi, which partnership existed two and settled in Portage Co., Ohio, where he fol­ years, when he purchased his brother's interest, lowed the carpenter's trade several years, and and has since continued in that business. By subsequently was connected with the iron fair dealing, and close attention to business, he mines on Lake Superior, remaining as superin­ has succeeded in building up a large trade. tendent of various large iron mining companies Mr. Phillippi was married, Sept. 2, 1870, to until 1875, among which was the Iron Mount­ Miss Alice Hayner, of Jackson, Mich., and has ain Mining Co., known as Jones, Laughlin one son. & Co., and the Iron Cliff Co., and others. In February, 1875, he removed to Colorado, and JOHN REESE. located at Boulder, where he has devoted his Mr. Reese, one of the early pioneers and sub­ attention to mining, chiefly at Summerville, on stantial farmers of Colorado, who have endured the Black Cloud mine, where he built a mill, the hardships and privations of frontier life, and is the principal owner of this property, also was born in York Co., Penn., Jan. 12, 1831, and owns valuable mines at Pennsylvania Gulch is of German and Welsh descent. His early and elsewhere. He was married in 1861, to life, until his eighteenth year, was spent on a Miss Jane E. Jones, and has a family of two farm ; after which he served an apprenticeship children—a son and daughter. at the carpenter's trade. In 1852, he went to Greene Co., Ohio, where he followed his trade two years ; thence, in 1854, to Champaign Co., ANDREW REED. 111., where he worked at his trade one year, and This gentleman, one of the early pioneers of subsequently four years in Lucas Co., Iowa. In Colorado, was born near Vexjo, Sweden, Dec. the spring of 1859, he followed the tide of emi­ 14, 1828. His early life was spent on a farm, gration to what was then known as the " Pike's and in attending school. In 1854, he came to Peak country," and located at Central City, America, and located in Kane Co., 111., where he 078 BIOGRAPHICAL.

followed farming two years. He then removed erers of Gold Run, Boulder Co., where he spent to Steele Co.. Minn., and there continued to the season engaged in placer mining. During farm six years. In the spring of 18G2, he came the fall of 1859, he joined John G rego^'s party, to Colorado, and spent the season mining at and made a prospecting tour through North Russell Gulch, Gilpin Co., after which, during Park. After returning, he purchased, in con­ the fall and winter, he ran a boarding house on nection with G. R. Williamson, several placer Bobtail Hill, same county. The following claims in Spring Gulch, Gilpin Co., which he spring, he removed down on Clear Creek, four engaged in working during the winter. In the miles north of Denver, where he followed farm­ spring of 1860, he went to California Gulch, ing one year. In the spring of 18G4, he pur­ where he mined during the summer. The fol­ chased 160 acres of land, on South Boulder lowing fall he returned to his ranche, on Boulder Creek, three miles east of Boulder City, to Creek, ten miles below Boulder City, which he which, he has since added thirty acres of ad­ had taken up the preceding fall, and on which joining land, where he still resides, engaged in he had erected a house, and engaged in making farming and stock-raising. He also owns a hay. Mr. Rothrock has since resided on his farm of 320 acres, five miles west of Longmont, ranche, engaged in farming and stock-raising, and is one of Boulder County's enterprising and has erected a good residence, and has gath­ farmers and stock-growers. Mr. Reed was ered about him the comforts of life. He was married in 1858, to Miss Cornelia Newberge, married in January, 1867, to Miss Eliza C. Bu- of Steele Co., Minn. ford, of Lancaster, Mo., and has two sons.

JOHN ROTHKOCK. J. ALDEN SMITH. In the fall of 1858, when the news of the rich The subject of this sketch was born in Ken­ discoveries of gold at Pike's Peak was her­ nebec Co., Me., on the 19th of May, 1830. At alded throughout the States, such a stream of the age of fourteen, after having acquired a very immigration began to pour into the then almost thorough education, he was'apprenticed, accord­ unknown country as had rarely been witnessed, ing to the custom of those days, and having a even in the palmiest days of the California taste for the printing business, entered tho office gold excitement. Among the first to join this of the Hallowell Gazette, where he remained throng and to unite his destiny with the Far three years, meanwhile mastering all the de­ West was the gentleman whose name is written tails of the trade. At the end of this time, he above. He is of German and Scotch descent, was apprenticed to a woolen manufacturer, with and was born in Center Co., Penn., where his whom he served the same period of time. At early life, until attaining his majority, was the age of twenty, being convinced that for a spent on a farm and in attending school. In young man without capital the opportunities 1855, he went to Nebraska City, Neb., and, dur­ for advancement, commensurate with his aspi­ ing the following year, was engaged with a rations, were not to be found in either profession, Government surveying party, after which he he took up that of stone-cutting, which was followed carpentering and contracting. In the pursued four years, when he drifted back to fall of 1858, he came to Colorado, and erected the printing business. He established a job the cabins known as the eleven cabins, sixteen office in the city of Lewiston and conducted it miles below Denver, on Platte River. He then with gratifying success for three years, when came to Boulder City, and spent the winter. he purchased the Bethel Courier, which he con­ The following spring, he was one of the discov­ ducted for the ensuing two years. Having an BOULDER. COUNTY. 679

intense love for geology, mineralogy and metal­ opened, he presented that institute! with a large lurgy, he took up these studies at an early- and valuable cabinet of minerals, gathered in period of life, and applied himself to them with his tours through the country, and from valu­ earnest devotion, under private tutors, during able exchanges received from the scientists of all the leisure hours obtainable from other pur­ Europe and America. suits, until, in the course of years, he acquired considerable local celebrity, by his careful re­ MARINUS G. SMITH. searches into the geological and mincralogical It is unnecessary to comment upon the prac­ formations of the sections examined. This led tical benefits which have accrued to the beauti­ to his being sent to Colorado, in 1864, by a ful city of Boulder and vicinity through the party of capitalists to examine and report upon commendable efforts, enterprise and public certain mining properties. Becoming enam­ spirit of some of its earliest pioneers, notwith­ ored of this country, he decided to locate here standing losses and difficulties which would permanently, and fixed his residence in Gilpin have staggered less hardy men. Among these Co., then the great mining center of the State, there are few who can present a more interest­ and entered enthusiastically upon the enlarg- ing and worthy record than Marinas /}. Smith. ment of his studies and experiences in the new He was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., May 6, and varied forms there presented. He was at 1819, remaining at home on the farm until once offered the responsible position of mining fifteen years of age. Meanwhile he attended editor of the Miner's Register, and in a short school as opportunity was afforded from his time made it the first authority on the mineral farm duties. Thence going to Pulaski, Oswe­ resources of this country, Later, he opened go Co,, he entered an apprenticeship to the an assay office, which was provided with a tinner's trade, remaining until 1838, when he complete laboratory for the assay and analysis of emigrated to Knox Co., 111., to pursue his minerals. For the succeeding ten years, his time trade. In 1840, he removed to Warren Co. was wholly occupied*with assaying, the exami­ and established himself in the stove and tin­ nation of mines, and the study of the different ware business. Three years later, he changed mineral belts throughout the State, finally ex­ his business to that of running a mail and tending these researches to Utah, Nevada and stage line. During 1846-47, he served in the California. In 1874, was appointed Superin­ Mexican war as Orderly Sergeant under Gen. tendent of the American mine, in Boulder Co., Wool, after which he emigrated overland to in which position he remained, with great profit California, taking with him five yoke of cattle, to the owners, until the fall of 1879, when he and, after a toilsome journey of five months, resigned. Came to Denver, and, in connection reached his destination. He remained there with Gen. Frank Hall, opened an agency for the one year, during the first part of which he exclusive business of examining and reporting made $8.000 in the stock business, and then upon mines. Throughout his career, Mr. Smith, was engaged in mining until his return to Illi­ by his integrity and wide reputation as a scien­ nois in the spring of 1851, going by way of tist, has secured the respect of the best citizens the isthmus. He then purchased a farm, and of the country. In 1872, the office of Territorial was engaged in agricultural pursuits during Geologist was created by the Legislature, and the succeeding six years, then carried on a tendered him by the Governor. He accepted, grain and commission business until April, and has held it from that time to the present. 1859, when his attention was directed to the Soon after the State University, at Boulder, was gold-mining excitement in the Rocky Mount- ;p 680 BIOGRAPHICAL.

ains, of -which. Pike's Peak was the central ated from the first ; and their enterprise and attraction. Ho crossed the plains with two success, with a few others, in this, the nucleus teams, and arrived in Boulder, then a small of Colorado's mining, and the impetus then hamlet, in June of that year, but his previous given the same, were undoubtedly the means of experience in California mining led him to en­ securing the capital for the proper development gage in a line of business other than that of of her mines and the successful treatment of her mining. He established an express and mail ores which have subsequently been attained. line between Denver and Boulder and the Mr. Eben Smith was born in Erie, Penn., Decem­ mountain towns, and conducted the same until ber 17,1832, and is descended from English and 1871. Meanwhile he became interested in Scotch ancestry. He remained in Pennsylvania various business enterprises in Boulder, having until 1850, in October of which year he started secured a ranche of 220 acres adjoining the for California, going by vessel by way of the town, a portion of which he subsequently isthmus. Upon his arrival there, in January, platted as an addition to Boulder. In 1871, 1851, he settled in Grass Valley, Nevada his son, Walter H. Smith, succeeded him in the County, and resided there until 1859. During express business, since which time he has de­ the first two years, his attention was devoted voted his entire attention to his ranche and to placer mining in Sierra County, near Down- real-estate interests. During the Indian troub­ ersville, after which he built a hotel at Grass les in 1863-64, he was commissioned by Gov. Valley, Nevada County, and during the same Evans to organize a home guard for the pro­ year formed a partnership with William S. tection of Boulder Co., and was made Captain, McMertrie and William Walsh to engage in with A. A. Brookfield and P. A. Squires as mining in Placer County, where they built the Lieutenants. Mr. Smith has always taken a largest quartz-mill then in California, employ­ lively interest in the affairs of Boulder, and was ing over 300 men. One year later, he, in com­ active in securing the establishment of the pany with Mr. R. D. McClellan, purchased the State University at Boulder, and contributed entire property, including the Mammoth lode, liberally toward its support. He has served from which he had already realized large as Town Trustee and County Commissioner. returns. He then continued working this mine He was married, in Mercer Co., III., in 1841, to and operating the mill until May, 1859, when Anna M. Woodruff, who died in 1873, and has he sold his interest to his partner and returned a family of eight children living and nineteen East. After spending the summer in traveling, grandchildren. he visited his brother, Dr. S. D, Smith, at St- Joseph, Mo., and while there met, for the first time, Mr. Jerome B. Chaffee, an intimate friend HON. EBEN SMITH. of his brother, and soon after met John Greg­ Of the early pioneers of Colorado few have ory and Green Russell, prospectors from what been more actively identified with her mining was then known as the " Pike's Peak" counfry, and milling interests than the subject of this whose accounts of the discoveries of gold in sketch, or hâve more deservingly merited the that country led him to abandon his contem­ honor of saving Colorado's chief industry from plated return to California and visit the new failure by his timely efforts, .n 1860, in inaugu­ country. He then formed a partnership with rating measures for working and properly Mr. Chaffee, who started for Colorado in Feb­ developing some promising gold lodes in Gilpin ruary, 1860, taking with him a twelve-stamp County, in company with Hon. Jerome B. quartz-mill. Mr. Smith followed him in May, Chaffee, with whom he was intimately associ­ <5 W. Jk 9

BOULDER COUNTY. 6Ö1

and together they proceeded to erect their mill, character. The company also own a silver mill, in what is now Gilpin County, called the Smith which is located at Nederland, four miles from & Chaffee Stamp Mill, Mr. Smith, being a skill­ the mine, in order to secure abundant fuel and ful mining expert, had the principal manage­ water facilities. The character of the mill is, ment of the mill and of the work of developing stamping, chloridizing, roasting and amalga­ their gold lodes. They continued this enter­ mating, and has a " plant " of fifteen stamps, four prise successfully until 18(13. then sold out. cylinders, roasters and ten amalgamating pans. Afterward he and Mr. Chaffee repurchased the They reduce all their own ore, obtaining 90 per same and consolidated it with other lodes, the cent of the assay value of the same. During whole constituting what has since been famous the year 1879, the mine yielded to the stock­ as tho Bobtail Lode and Tunnel. The history holders $60,000, notwithstanding the destruc­ of this famous lode is more fully given else­ tion of their mill by fire and the consequent where in this volume. Mr. Smith continued delay of three months while building a now mining in Gilpin and Clear Creek Counties mill. Mr. Smith came to Colorado an able and until 1876. In the fall of 1876, he was elected skillful miner and mill man, and has accom­ to the Legislature and served one term. In plished as much for the mining interests of Col­ 1865, Mr. Smith, in company with Mr. Chaffee orado as any other one man. He has resided and other prominent Colorado gentlemen, organ­ in Boulder since 1876, and enjoys the universal ized the First National Bank of Denver, with esteem and honor of his fellow-citizens. He which he continued his connection for several was elected and served as County Commissioner years. He has been constantly associated with of Boulder County for the year 1878. He was Mr. Chaffee, since coming to Colorado, in all his married in 1804 to Miss Henrietta L. Rundall, large mining and milling operations, with the of the State of New York, and has a family of exception of that gentleman's mining operations two children, a son and daughter. in Leadville. In October, 1876, he and Mr. Chaffee became interested in the Caribou mine, WALTER H. SMITH. in Boulder County, of which he became super­ Walter II. Smith, son of M. G. Smith, is one intendent and manager, and continued thus of Colorado's pioneers, who has been connected until April 23, 1870. On June 25,1880, a con­ with the mail express line of Colorado since solidation was effected between the Caribou the earliest settlement. He is a native of Illi­ mine and the No Name, Spencer and Colum­ nois, and was born in Warren Co. of that State, bia mines, the latter three being the property in 1843, In 1860, he emigrated to Colorado to of Mr. R. G. Dunn. This consolidation is join his father, who had emigrated hither one known as the Caribou Consolidated Mining year previous, and settled in Boulder Co. He Company, and has a capital stock of $1,000,000, was engaged in the express business with his of which company Mr. R. G. Dunn was made father until 1871, when he purchased his father's President, Mr. John T. Graham Secretary and interest and continued the business until 1878; Treasurer, and Mr. Eben Smith Superintendent and General Manager, who luis since remained then took charge of the mail and express line in charge. The developments of the Caribou between Silver Cliff and Canon City, in which mine comprise seven shafts. The main shaft he has since continued. has now attained a depth of 800 feet, and is FREDERICK A. SQUIRES cevcred by a structure of large size, containing Frederick A. Squires is a native of Massa­ steam hoisting machinery of the most efficient chusetts. He was born in Granville, Hampden

-* 3 BIOGRAPHICAL.

Co., of that State, May 19, 1819, and is de­ Wade, daughter of James Wade, of that State. scended from an old and highly respected fam­ They have one son, George Squires, who is asso­ ily of Connecticut. His father, Anthon Squires, ciated in business with his father. Mrs. Squires was a farmer by occupation. Until the age of is a sister to Mrs. Tourtellote, both of whom are sixteen, the subject of this sketch remained at highly esteemed ladies in Boulder's society home, and was educated in the public schools ; and were among the first women who settled in thence went to Berlin, Conn., where he learned Boulder City. the tinner's trade, and followed the same there until 1838, then removed to Hampton, same GEORGE C. SQUIRES. State, and took charge of atinshop and business This gentleman, in company with his father, owned by Newton Clark ; one year later, he be­ Frederick A. Squires, is at the head of one of came a partner in the business, under the firm the most substantial boot and shoe houses name of Clark & Squires, In 1840, they re­ of the city of Boulder. He is a native of Con­ moved to Chepachet, K. I, and continued necticut, and was born in Northampton, Nov. business until the breaking-out of the Dorr war, 14,1842. He came to Colorado with his father which necessitated his removal to Sag Harbor, in the early settlement of Boulder, and has Long Island. After remaining there in business since been one of her active citizens and three years, he removed to Scituate, R. I, but, merchants. shortly after, returned to Chepachet, where he NELSON K. SMITH. remained until 1856. He then sold out, and Nelson K. Smith is one of Colorado's most turned his steps Westward, establishing himself worthy and honored pioneers. He is a man of in the hotel and livery business at Geneseo, 111. sterling ability and integrity in business affairs, In 1860, he removed to Boulder, Colo., where and in official capacity, has always borne the he was engaged in the hotel business and mer­ reputation of a strictly honest, careful and chandising, in company with Jonathan A. trustworthy man. Ho is a native of New York, Tourtellote, until 1865, then sold out and again and was born in Chenango County of that started business in 1866, continuing from that State Sept. 16, 1810. Until eighteen years of time until 1871, in the lumber, mercantile and age, he remained at home on his father's farm, mining business. After the death of Jonathan and from that time until twenty-three years of Tourtellote, in 1871, he discontinued the lumber age, he was engaged in farming and teaching. business and sold his saw-mill, since which time Prom 1833 to 1854, he was engaged in farming ; he has devoted his attention chiefly to mercan­ tile pursuits. His life in Colorado has been first in Cortland Co., N. Y. ; then in La Porte one of activity, and large business associations. Co., Ind. ; then in Waukesha Co., Wis. In the Coming as a pioneer, accompanied by his wife, latter place he was one of the first settlers, and who was also one of the early settlers of Boul­ homesteaded a farm of 160 acres. Meanwhile, der City, he was made the first President of the in March, 1850, he started overland for Cali­ Town Board of Trustees, and has since been fornia in company with the " Big Bend " Com­ one of Boulder's substantial business men and pany, consisting of sixteen men and arrived at merchants. His mi* ing upei ations were chiefly his destination, in September following. He carried on at Gold Hill, where, for many years, remained two and a half years engaged in min­ he was connected with the Corning Tunnel ing, returning to his home in Wisconsin in Company, as President. He was married in 1853, by the Nicaragua route. In June, 1854, Chepachet, R. I., in 1841, to Miss Marinda he again started for California, accompanied by his family, but, owing to the Indian and Mor- BOULDER COUNTY. 683" mon outbreak, after proceeding as far as Iowa, He is a man of great public and personal he abandoned his journey and remained in honor, and one of the chief characteristics of Carroll County, of that State, until the follow­ his life, both in former years, in the East, and ing August, then returned to Wisconsin and iri Gilpin and Boulder Counties, has been his was engaged in mercantile pursuits in Baraboo, honest efforts and valuable services in rectify­ Sauk Co., until 1800. Early in the spring of ing the accounts of County Treasurers and 1860, he left Wisconsin for Colorado and settled securing honesty and purity in handling public in Gilpin County, opening a tavern on the funds. He is also a stockholder and director route between Golden and Black Hawk, Dur­ in the National State Bank of Boulder. He ing the same season he, in company with his was married, June, 6, 1832, to Miss Helen M. brother, E. B. Smith, built a toll road, known Campbell, daughter of Benj. S. Campbell, of as the Smith Toll Road, from Black Hawk to Cortland Co., N. Y. During the past summer, his tavern, midway between Black Hawk and he has been in charge of the Boulder County Golden Gate. In 1861, he in partnership with treasury, during the absence of the Treasurer, his brother, E. B. Smith, and Capt. C. M. Tyler, his son-in-law, Hon. James. P. MaxweU. purchased a saw-mill, and operated the same until the fall of 186-1, devoting a portion of his JA MKS STEVENS. time to repairing his toll road. In 1863, he The above-named gentleman was born in moved his family to Black Hawk. He spent Greene Co., Penn., April 24, 1816, and is de­ the years 1864-65 in building a wagon road in scended from the old Revolutionary stock. At company with his brother, E. B. Smith, and the age of fourteen he was first employed upon Mr. W. A. H. Loveland, from Golden City up the steamboats on the Ohio River, and after­ Clear Creek, to connect the Smith Road, and ward continued largely interested in that busi­ also in keeping the toll road in repair. In ness until thirty years of age, then removed to 1870, in company with bis son-in-law, Edward Pittsburgh, Penn., where for ten years he was J. Temple, he constructed the Black Hawk engaged in the steamboat supply business, un­ water works, bringing water into town through der the firm name of Stevens & McCammon, log pipes from springs on the Dara Hill road, after which he removed to St. Louis, and was two miles distant. In the spring of 1875, he engaged in contracting on the Iron Mountain was elected Mayor of Black Hawk, and served Railroad, during its construction, thence re­ until the fall of that year, when he removed to moved to Burlington, Iowa, where he carried Boulder City. Previous to this, however, in on a wholesale and retail grocery business, un­ 1869, he was elected County Commissioner of der the firm name of Stevens & Kidding, from Gilpin County, and served until his removal to 1856 to 1860. In the spring of 1800, removed Boulder, in 1875. He was elected and served to Colorado and located at Central City, Gilpin as Assessor of the city of Black Hawk, from Co. He was there the.owner and engaged in 1866 to 1869. After bis removal to Boulder, he working No, 2, on the Gunnell mine, which he erected a fine residence on Thirteenth Street, sold in 1864, and afterward one-fourth owner where he has since resided, living in retirement of the Cincinnati mine, which he was engaged from active business, and in the enjoyment of in working from 1872 to 1874. He then re­ pleasant surroundings and associations of many moved to Sunshine, Boulder Co., where he warm friends. He still takes an active part'in became the owner of several valuable mines, aR matters of public interest, and in the ad­ which he has since sold. He is still largely vancement of the affairs of the community. interested in mining property in Boulder and 684 BIOGRAPHICAL.

Gilpin Cos. Por several years he has resided began an apprenticeship at that trade. In his in Boulder., He was married, in 1843, to Miss twenty-first year, he engaged in contracting Sarah M. Redding, of Burlington, Iowa, and and building, continuing the same in his native has a family of four children living. county eight years. In 1853, he removed to Walworth Co., Wis., where he followed the EDGAR SAWDEY. same business nine years, and subsequently Mr. Sawdey, an enterprising farmer of Boul­ eight years at Evanston, 111., whither he re­ der Valley, was horn in Tompkins Co., N. Y., moved. In 1871, he came to Colorado with Dec. 4, 1844. In his ninth year, he removed the Chicago company that formed a colony in with his parents to Jo Daviess Co., 111., where the northern part of Boulder Co., and aided in his early life was spent on a farm. In his sev­ locating the land, and erected the first building enteenth year, he enlisted in the 12th 111. V. C, in Longmont. In 1873, he removed to Denver, with which he served one year, after which he where he worked at his trade and engaged in re-enlisted in the 142d 111. V. I., and remained contracting and building two years. He then with his cotnpany'through its various engage­ removed to Boulder City and engaged in the ments, until the close of the war, and was lumber business, at which he has since contin­ honorably mustered out of the service in Jan­ ued. Mr. Stokes has been twice married—first, uary, 1865. He then went to Douglas Co., on March 12, 1848. to Miss Elizabeth Stanley, Neb., where he followed farming one year, and daughter of A. Stanley, of Cayuga Co., N. Y., subsequently worked on the Union Pacific and again Nov. 15, 1855, to Miss Lucy Wylie Railroad one year. In the fall of 1868, he daughter of J. P. Wylie, of Walworth Co., came to Colorado and worked on a farm in Wis. Boulder Valley until 1870. He then home- HENRY R. SACKETT, D. D. S. steaded 160 acres of land on Boulder Creek, Dr. Sackett is a son of James Sackett, one ten miles below Boulder City, on which he of the early pioneers of Madison Co., 111., who resided, engaged in agricultural pursuits, until immigrated to that county in 1818, and was 1874, when, owing to failing health, he removed one of the founders of Marine, and subse­ to Boulder City, where he spent four years quently aided in laying out Chicago. The regaining his health. In the spring of 1878. subject of this sketch was born in Marine, he returned to his farm, where he still resides, Madison Co., 111., Aug. 14, 1844. His early life eçgaged in farming and stock-raising. In the was spent on a farm and in attending district spring of 1880, he purchased 400 acres of land school. In his sixteenth year, he engaged in one mile west of his farm, and now has 560 school teaching, by which he acquired sufficient acres of well-improved land. Mr. Sawdey was means to complete his education at the Mc- married, in 1870, to Miss Emma C. Wellman, Kendree College at Lebanon, III, after which he of Iowa Co., Wis. resumed teaching. In 1868, he decided to adopt the profession of dentistry, and began CHAUNCEY STOKES. study preparatory to entering that profession. Mr. Stokes was born in Mentz, Cayuga Co., In 1869, he went to Farmington, Mo., and N. Y., Feb. 12, 1824. He it of Dutch and opened an office, remaining, however, but a Irish descent. Being the son of a carpenter, short time, after which, he returned to Marine, it was but natural as well as wise for him to III, where he continued in the practice of den­ begin life for himself by following in the foot­ tistry until 1877. He then came to Boulder steps of his father, and in his twelfth year City, Colo., and opened an office on Aug. 1, of

* jS1

BOULDER COUNTY. 685 that year, and has since been engaged in the the Auburn & Rochester and the Erie Bail- active practice of his profession. Dr. Sackett roads. He was then employed by the State of was united in marriage Dec. 17,1873, to Miss New York in the construction of locks on the Mary Glass, of Edwardsville, HI. State canals. About the year 1844, he em­ barked in the lumber business as a manufact­ JAY STERNBERG. urer and dealer in pine lumber, which business Mr. Sternberg, proprietor of the Boulder he followed in Western New York, Pennsyl­ City Flouring-inill, was born in Hcrldrner Co., vania and Canada until 1878. His last place N. Y., Sept. 12, 1835. He is of German de­ of residence in the East was at Burlington, scent, and spent his early life until his twen­ Vt., from which place he removed, in the fall of tieth year on a farm and in attending district 1878, to Boulder, Colo., and has since devoted school. In 1855, he went to Sioux City, Iowa, his attention to mining, being one of the own­ where he engaged in the real-estate business. ers of the Horsfal mine, as above mentioned. In the spring of 1859, he came to Colorado, and, during the succeeding two years, traveled HON. EIENZI STREETER. over this State, New Mexico, Texas and Ari­ The above-named gentleman is prominently zona, after which he returned to Iowa, and known as a Representative from Boulder Co. in engaged in running a flouring-mill ten years. the legislative halls of the State, and ranks In the fall of 1872, he again came to Colorado, high among the substantial and enterprising and, after spending a short time in Denver, re­ business men of Longmont. He was born in moved to Boulder City. The following spring, Susquehanna Co., Penn., Feb. 11, 1838, and is he purchased a mill site and erected the of New England parentage. His father, Jo­ Boulder City Plouring-mill, which he has since seph B. Streeter, is still living at the age of continued to run. Mr. Sternberg was married, ninety-four, and was for many years a promi­ in 1865, to Miss Sarah E. Harris, of Hamilton nent physician of Susquehanna Co., Penn. Co., Iowa. The subject of this sketch entered Hartford WILLIAM STODDARD. University at the age of thirteen, and, three This gentleman, although having resided in years later, owing to ill health, was compelled Colorado but a few years, is one of the owners to discontinue his studies for two years, after of one of the oldest mines in Boulder Co. which he attended the Clinton Liberal Insti­ known as the Horsfal mine, and located at tute, New York, one year, and then an academy Gold Hill. Mr. Stoddard is a native of the at Homer, N. Y., under the instruction of Prof. State of New York, and was born in Vernon, S. W. Clark, author of "Clark's Grammar." Oneida Co., of that State, July 14,1818. His In 1858, he began reading law in the office of parents removed to Vermont when he was his brother, Ferris B. Streeter, who was after­ about two years of ago, and there he remained ward for many years Judge of that judicial during his youth employed in agricultural pur­ district, at Montrose, Susquehanna Co., and suits on his father's farm. At the age of was admitted to the bar in 1860, and practiced twenty, he returned to Oneida Co., N. Y., and law with his brother eighteen months. His brother Joseph E. was then appointed by entered the profession of civil engineering, in President Lincoln as one of the Associate which profession he became prominent, He Justices of the Supreme Court for the Terri­ was first employed on the railroad from Utica tory of Nebraska, and was assigned to the to Syracuse, now a part of the New York Cen­ Southern or Second District. He then accept- tral Railroad. Afterward, he was employed on 686 BIOGRAPHICAL.

cd the position under his brother as Clerk of located at Youngstown, Ohio, where he ran an the Court of that district, which position he engine at a coal mine, seven years. In 1874, held until Nebraska was admitted as a State he returned to England on a visit, remain­ into the Union. After the death of his brother, ing six months, after which, in the spring he remained in that position under Judge of 1875, he came to Colorado, and followed Dundy until in the fall of 1867. He then mining at Gold Hill, Boulder Co., two years. returned East, and, while there, purchased an In the spring of 1877, he went to the pres­ interest in the Manitou Springs property at ent site of Louisville, and, in connection with Manitou, Colo. In the spring of 1868, he his brother William, erected the first build­ came West, and, after visiting Manitou Springs ing in that town, in which, during May of and various other places in Colorado, decided that year, they opened a general mercantile to locate at Burlington, Boulder Co., where, in store, and have been quite extensively identi­ January, 1869, he entered the drug and gro­ fied with the building of the town, owning at cery business in company with J. W. Turrell, present quite an amount of property. He con­ and there remained until the town of Long­ tinued in charge of the store until March, 1880, mont was established, when he removed thith­ when he took his brother's place as engineer at er, and continued in the same business until the coal mine of tho Welch Coal Mining Com­ burned out in the large, fire of September, pany, of that place. In the fall of 1878, he 1879, in which he, with many others, suffered was elected Justice of tbe Peace, which office heavy loss. Shortly after, he, in company with he still holds. He was married in 1865 to Miss George A. Starbird, built the Longmont grain Isabella Twenty man, of Allonby, England. elevator, and was engaged in the grain bus­ iness until August, 1880, since which time he MERRIMAN SEVERNS. has devoted his attention to the improvement Mr. Severns, better known to the citizens of of his real-estate and fanning interests. In Boulder Co., as a contractor and builder, was the fall of 1878, he was elected to the Lower born in Allen Co., Ohio, May 27, 1844. His House of the Legislature on the Republican early life, until his twenty-first year, was spent ticket, which office he has since honorably on a farm and in attending school, after which filled, having been elected Speaker of that body. he followed farming and working at the carpen­ He was married, in 1873, to Lydia S. Owens, ter's trade eight years. In 1873, he went to Tip­ of Chicago. ton, Mo., and worked at his trade six months, JOHN H. SIMPSON. thence to Union Co., Iowa, where he remained a Mr. Simpson, senior member of the firm of short time. He then came to Colorado, and Simpson Bros., proprietors of a general mer­ has since been engaged in contracting and cantile store, at Louisville, Boulder Co., wa3 building and bridge building in Boulder and born in Cumberland, England, May 13, 1843- Larimer Cos., with headquarters at Boulder His early life was spent in school, until his City. thirteenth year, and from that to his eighteenth WILLIAM SIMPSON. year, he attended school a portion of the time, This gentleman, junior partner of the firm of and the remainder ran an engin-} at a coal mine. Simpson Bros., proprietors of a general mer­ He then ran an engine three years, and in 1864, cantile store, at Louisville, Boulder Co., was was employed as deputy overseer of a coal born in Cumberland, England, March 16, mine, continuing in that capacity two and a 1852. He attended school until his sixteenth half years. In 1867, he came to America, and year, then came to America and ran an engine 4 e k.

BOULDER COUNTY. 687

at a coal shaft at Youngstown, Ohio, nine and the center of the first mining and milling years. In the spring of 1877, he came to Colo­ enterprises, few men were so well known as the rado, and followed mining at Gold Hill one subject of this sketch, and fewer have entered year. He then went to Louisville, as engineer more heartily and actively into the work of for the Welch Coal Mining Company, continu­ developing and establishing, on a profitable ing in that capacity until March, 1880, when he basis, her pastoral, agricultural and other re­ took charge of the store which he and his sources, which have subsequently grown into brother John H. had opened in May, 1877, and largo industries. In these, to such men as Capt. his brother succeeded him as engineer at the Tyler, as well as to her prominent mining and mine. He was Secretary of the School Board milling men, is Colorado much indebted for her during 1870. Mr. Simpson was married in Feb­ present prosperity and celebrity. Capt. C. 51. ruary, 1879, to Miss Mary A. Jones, of Youngs­ Tyler was born in Livingston County, N. Y., town, Ohio. January 10,1834. His father, George W. Tyler, ALVIN M. SAWYER. was a native of Vermont, and his mother of The above-named gentleman is at the head Pennsylvania. The latter's parents, Norton by of tho book and stationery business of Boulder, name, were early settlers of Livingston County, a live and enterprising business man, and an N. Y. His early life was passed upon his esteemed citizen in the community. He was fither's stock farm there (wages were then 12£ born in Fitchburg, Mass., August 8, 1839. His cents per day), and afterward went to Jackson parents were natives of the New England County, Mich., whither his parents had removed States. Ho acquired his own education by when he was about eleven years of age., He teaching and studying alternately, and was began his education in the public schools, and engaged in teaching afterward until 1862, when afterward attended Michigan Central College, he entered the army in tho Fifty-third Massa­ at Spring Arbor, which is now located at Hills­ chusetts Volunteer Infantry,under Gen. Banks. dale, as Hillsdale College. Upon attaining the He remained in the army until the fall of 1803, ago of manhood, he entered the stock business, then returned home and was married September and from that time until 1858 was engaged 2-1, same year, to Miss S. Augusta Collins, chiefly in buying and selling cattle in Illinois daughter of James H. Collins, of Lempster, N. and Wisconsin. He resided in Baraboo, Sauk II. From that time until 1872 he was engaged County, Wis,, from 1854 until 1860, and was in teaching, after which ho entered business at there associated with Mr. N. K. Smith, in the Fitchburg as a wholesale and retail lumber hardware business. In February, 1860, he merchant, continuing tho same until 1877. started for Colorado with nine ox teams and Leaving Massachusetts in July of that year, he one team of horses, bringing with him a six- came to Colorado, and has since been engaged stamp quartz-mill, which, upon his arrival at successfully in the book and stationery busi­ Black Hawk, Gilpin County, he set up and ness at Boulder, having purchased the long- operated until late in the fall of that year, at which time he returned to his home in Iowa, established business of W. G. M. Stone, in that and again came out to Colorado in the spring city, in which business his wife, Mrs. Sarah A. of 1801, with supplies. He then purchased a Sawyer, is his partner. saw-mill at Black Hawk, in partnership with Mr. N. K. Smith. Three years later, in com­ CAPT. CLINTON M. TYLER. pany with James P. Maxwell, he built a steam In the early history of the section of Colo­ saw-mill on South Boulder Creek, and operated rado then known as the " Pike's Peak " country,

1 5) . > L i. V_ A m rj 888 BIOGRAPHICAL,

the same until 1867, as the firm of Tyler & than has been accorded to airy one man since Maxwell ; then purchased his partner's interest, that time. He was married in Sauk Co., Wis., and one year later sold out. In 1805, he built in 1857, to Miss Sarah M. Smith, daughter of the Boulder Valley and Central City wagon- Nelson K. Smith, now of Boulder, and has a road. During the Indian outbreak in the sum­ family of seven children—Ave sons and two mer of 1864, he recruited a company of "one daughters. hundred days " men, and was the first to respond MISS MARY THOMAS. to the call of Gov. Evans for troops, by whom Miss Mary Thomas, Principal of the public he was appointed Captain of his company. schools of the city of Boulder, is a lady of rare Prom 1868 to 1874, he was engaged in transfer­ scholarship and long experience in teaching, ring freight from Cheyenne to Central City, since She has devoted herself earnestly and enthusi­ which time he has resided at his present home, astically to the work of her profession, and is near the city of Boulder, having purchased the admirably qualified for the duties of her pres­ same from Judge Docker in 1875. Capt. Tyler ent responsible position. Miss Thomas is a began the stock business in Colorado in 1803, native of the State of Michigan, and was born in connection with Mr. N. K. Smith, having at Battle Creek, Dec. 18, 1852. The youngest brought out thirty-three merino sheep from of four children, whose father died when she Michigan, and for many years was thus engaged was two years old, thus leaving the education in the stock-growing business with Mr. Smith. of the children to the care and exertion of a He is now the owner of li,ODD acres of land in most devoted mother. Her early education Jefferson, Weld and Boulder Counties, aside was received in the public schools of her native from a large stock-growing business. His grain city. At the age of fifteen, she matriculated and other agricultural products are among the at the Indiana Female College at Indianapolis, largest in the county. His farms have yielded and one year later, her uncle, John Thomas, the present year 10,364 bushels wheat, 4,000 came to her aid and assisted her through the bushels oats and 375 tons hay. In the stock six years' course of the State Normal School bnsiness, of his mules and horses, all his own of Michigan. She graduated from that insti­ raising, he has sold to the amount of $6.000, tution in 1873, and received a State diploma and a wool product of 20,000 pounds. The and certificate, permitting her to teach in any products of his farms yield him an income of school of that State. After graduating, she $35,000, and afford an excellent illustration of accepted the position of Assistant Principal in the''progress and profitableness of agriculture the high school in Dowagiac, Mich., and at the and stock-growing in Colorado, of which a close of that year (1874), believing Horace more extended mention is made elsewhere in Greeley's saying applied to young women as this volume. Capt. Tyler, although a man well as young men, she came to Colorado, where whose tastes have confined him almost wholly she had neither friend nor relative. Without to business pursuits, has exerted an influence any difficulty, she obtained a position as teacher unpretentiously in political and municipal in the primary department of the public schools affairs, wherever he has resided.' During his of Central City, and remained there until she residence in Black Hawk, in 1C64, he was a obtained the position of Assistant Principal in member of the city government, and, while the public schools of Boulder, in 1876, which absent with his company, to quell the Indian position she filled one year, during the greater outbreak during that year, he was elected to portion of which, the duties of the Principal, ] the Territorial Legislature by a majority larger Prof. Dow, were intrusted to her charge, whose < J r~ i • BOULDER COUNTY. 689

absence was necessitated by ill health. In the engaged in woolen manufacturing three years. fall of 1877, she was elected Principal of the Returning to Rhode Island, he spent the winter Boulder schools, which position she has accept­ of 1851 in that State, then removed to Gen- ably and honorably filled up to the present eseo, 111., where he embarked in the hotel time. Miss Thomas now holds a first grade business with F. A. Squires, but at the end of State certificate of Colorado, the first such one year sold out, and with other parties, oper­ granted to a lady by tbe State. ated a flouring-mill two years. In 1860, him­ self and family, and Mr. Squires and family HON. JONATHAN A. TOURTELLOTE. started for Colorado together. Settling in This volume would be incomplete without Boulder, they engaged in the hotel business more than a casual mention of the late Jona­ and merchandising until 1865, when they than A. Tourtellote. Colorado had but few changed their business to that of lumber, mer­ citizens when he arrived within her borders in cantile and mining, and continued the same 1860, accompanied b}' Mrs. Tourtellote and until Mr. Tourtellote's death, in 1871. his brother-in-law, Frederick A. Squires and wife. They settled in Boulder. Here they REV. NATHAN THOMPSON. found two or three families. The larger'por­ Rev. Nathan Thompson, Congregationalist, tion of the settlers then in Boulder and vicin­ was the first regularly settled Pastor over any ity, as well as those of Denver, Golden, Cen­ church in Boulder, town or county, Colorado, tral City and other mountain settlements, being in charge ten years. He was born in New had left their families in the States. Mr. Tour- Braintree, Worcester Co., Mass., Aug. 26,1837, tolloto's early life was passed in the New En­ being one of the most delightful farming towns gland States. He was a native of Gloucester, of New England. He was fitted for college at Providence Co., 11. I., where he was born Sept. Williston Seminary, Easthampton, Mass., and 15, 1812, and is descended from French ances­ graduated from Amherst in 1861, and from try. His grandparents were Gabriel Tourtel­ Andover Theological Seminary, 1865. Under lote and Mary Burnonc. His father, Jesse commission from the American Missionary Tourtellote, and mother, Ruth Steere, were Society, he arrived in the Boulder Valley, and natives of Rhode Island. For a number of took charge of the Congregational Church there years, his father was engaged in farming in that Oct. 18, 1805. Jan. 1, '870, he was married State and afterward was one of the early busi­ to Miss Mary E. Dartt, of Baraboo, Wis. Of ness men of Cincinnati. The subject of this Mr. Thompson's many public services in the sketch grew up on a farm, and in 1834, entered formation period of Boulder's religious and edu­ mercantile business at Chepachet, same State, cational history, it is due to record that in in company with his brother Daniel K. Tour­ 1868, at his own expense, he made a trip to the tellote. In 1836, he was married to Maria East, and secured $550 from benevolent friends Wade daughter of James Wade, of Chepachet, and $500 more from American Congregational and four years later returned to the old home­ Union, to aid in the building of the Con­ stead, and there resided six years, engaged in gregational Church of this town. He took a very active interest in the public schools of the agricultural pursuits, during which time, in town and county, being Treasurer of this dis­ 1842, he was elected to the Rhode Island Leg­ trict for three, and President of the board for islature. He was then engaged in the mercan­ four, years, longer service than has been per­ tile business at Chepachet, two years, then formed by any other person. He also taught removed to Litchfield, Conn., where he was s P" 600 BIOGRAPHICAL.

a term or two of select school, possessing a began prospecting where Sunshine now stands, natural aptness for teaching. He was elected and located the Hawk Eye, Golden Eagle, and a member of the Territorial Board of Uni­ Valley Claims, which, during the following versity Trustees in the spring of 1870, and was spring, caused the excitement at, and the lay­ made President of the board in 1874. His ing out and building of, the town of Sunshine. services here in the interests of religion, tem­ He is at present one of the owners of the perance, morality and education, can hardly be Emancipation, a very rich mine, located three- over-estimated, and should never be forgotten. fourths of a mile south of Sunshine, and is Mr. Thompson left Boulder for Massachusetts, otherwise identified with the mining interests in November, 1875, took a winter's rest at in the vicinity of that place. Mr. Turner was home, and in the spring came to be acting Pas­ married in October, 1864, to Miss Maria Tal- tor of the Congregational Church at Box- ley, of Monroe Co., Iowa. boro, and is also connected with the work at South Acton, Mass., and in the first-named R. H. TILNEY, town, has been the School Superintendent for editor and proprietor of the Colorado Banner, four years, and is the author of a history of Boulder Co., was born at Port Henry, Essex the town recently published in the "History Co., N. V., in 1842. In September, 1855, he of Middlesex County." emigrated to Iowa, locating at Maquokcta, Jackson Co. There he learned the art of print­ TASWELL A. TURNER. ing, and, at one time, owned the Jackson County This gentleman, »ne of the pioneers of Col­ Standard. In 1865, he removed to Colorado, orado, who has been identified with its mining and during the first two years worked at the and agricultural interests, was born in Franklin case on the Mining Journal, at Black Hawk, Co., Va., April 16,1836. His early life, until Gilpin Co., after which he was employed on attaining the age of manhood, was spent on the Miners' Register, at Central City, until 1808, his father's farm. In 1857, he went to Monroe when he removed to Boulder, and, in the fall of Co., Iowa, where he worked on a farm three 1869, started the Boulder County News, which years. In the spring of 1861, he joined the he disposed of in 1870, and remained out of army of gold-seekers then wending their way the printing business until 1872. He was then across the plains to Pike's Peak, and, during employed on the Denver News, and by his th*!' succeeding three years, followed placer- efficiency and faithfulness gained great credit mining in Russell Gulch, in what is now Gilpin as a practical printer. In September, 1875, he County. He then returned to Monroe Co., Iowa, returned to Boulder and started the Colorado and worked at the carpenter's trade two years, Banner, in connection with a partner. By after which, he removed to Montgomery County, close attention to business, this new enterprise, same State, and during the succeeding three under his management, was put upon a firm years, was engaged in farming. In 1872, he and paying basis, taking position with the again came to Colorado and purchased a farm older journals of ,the county. In January, on St. Vrain Creek, three miles west of Long­ 1880, he purchased his partner's interest in the mont, on which he has since 'esided, princi­ paper, since which he has conducted it in per­ pally engaged in farming, and at various times son, and has made it one of the prominent and has devoted considerable attention to min­ enterprising Democratic journals of the county. ing in the mountains. In January, 1874, he, He was married. July, 1868, to Miss Emma A. in company with his brother, Peter Turner, Wisner, daughter of A. R. Wisner, of Boulder.

CHARLES C. TRUE. was spent on a farm and in attending district Mr. True, one of Colorado's pioneers, and an school, after which he went to Montrose, same enterprising farmer of Boulder Co., was born State, and attended the Montrose Normal in Caledonia Co., Vt., Aug. 11,1833. In his School two years. He then removed with his thirteenth year, he served an apprenticeship at parents to Hanivnonton, N. J., and, on Aug. 5, the shoemaker's trade, at which he worked un­ 1802, went to Philadelphia and enlisted in the til 1853. He then went to Boston and clerked 13th Penn. V. C, with which he served six in a store eight months, after which he returned months. During the summer of 1863, he re­ to Vermont and clerked in the post office at turned to Montrose, Penn., and, during the Derby Centre one year. In the spring of succeeding two years, clerked in his uncle 1855, he went to Marion Co., Iowa, and during Abel Turrell's drug store, and afterward clerked that season worked in a steam saw-mill, after in a dry goods store one year. During the which he clerked in a store three years. In fall of 1866, he came to Colorado and located the spring of 1859, he went to Plattsmouth, in Burlington, Boulder Co. In August, 1867, Neb., where he spent the season, then returned he went to Cheyenne, Wyo. T, and followed to Iowa. In the spring of 18C0, he came to carpentering two months, then embarked in Colorado, and followed mining and prospecting the drug business, continuing the same until in the vicinity of Black Hawk, Gilpin Co., un­ Jan. 1, 1869, when he sold out and returned to til the following spring ; then he, in connection Burlington and engaged in the drug and gro­ with George W. Webster, purchased a claim for cery business in company with R. Streeter. 160 acres of land on St. Vrain Creek, six miles When Longmont was started, they removed west of Longmont, on which he engaged in thither, and continued in that business until farming and stock-raising, In October, 18G2, burned out by the large fire in September, he enlisted in Co. B, 3d Colo. V. I., which, in 1S79. He then rebuilt, and opened a drug, October, 18G3, was consolidated with the 2d book and stationery store. Mr. Turrell was Colo. V. L, and formed Co. I, of the 2d Colo. married, Sept. 29, 1869, to Miss Mary Tiffany, V. C. He remained with nis company through of Montrose, Penn., and has a family of three its various engagements until the close of the children, two sons and one daughter. war, and was honorably mustered out of the service in October, 1805. He then returned to ALLEN I. TORREY. Colorado, and the partnership existing between Mr. Torrey was born in Centreville, Alle­ him and G. W. Webster was dissolved, and the gany Co., N. Y., June 16, 1828, and is descend­ land and stock divided. He has since resided ed from Scotch ancestry, who were among the on his farm, engaged in farming and stock- early settlers of Connecticut. While he was raising, and at present owns 1-10 acres of well- yet quite young, his parents removed to Liv­ improved land. Mr. Truo was married, Feb. ingston Co., N. Y., where, at the age of nine­ 15, 1867, to Miss Lydia A. Davis, and has a teen, he learned the blacksmith's trade. In family of three children, two sons and a 1840, he removed to Onondaga Co., and there daughter. followed his trade until 1849. In the spring J. W. TURRELL. of that year, he removed to Marquette Co., Mr. Turrell, proprietor of a drug, book and Wis., and there continued the same business stationery store in Longmont, was born in until the spring of 1864. Thence removed to Forest Lake, Susquehanna Co., Penn., Aug. 26, Colorado, residing in Clear Creek and Gilpin 1843. His early life until fifteen years of age Cos., running blacksmith-shops about three 692 BIOGRAPHICAL.

years, after which and during the succeeding where, during the succeeding five years, he was four years, his attention was occupied in placer- engaged as manager of E. S. Barrow's hardware mining on North Clear Creek. He then re­ store. In the fall of 1871, he went to Chicago, turned to the States, but shortly afterward where he spent the winter, and the following went to New Mexico, spending four years min­ spring joined the Chicago Colorado Colony, and ing on the Two Ikes mme and others at Silver removed to Longmont, Colo., where he has since City Grant. In the spring of 187G, he re­ resided, engaged in the hardware business. Mr. turned to Colorado, and this time located at Thompson was appointed by the County Com­ Jamestown, Boulder Co. He has since devoted missioners a member of the first Board of Town his entire attention to mining at that place and Trustees of the town of Longmont, and in 1874 at Golden Age Camp. At the latter place, he, was elected a member of the School Board, of in partnership with James Tourtellote, owns the which he was made Treasurer, holding that December mine, which they purchased in 1878. office until 1879. In the fall of 1877, he was This mine is one of the paying mines of Boul­ elected County Commissioner, which office he der Co., and is now being worked with success. has held three years, and during the past year Pree gold has been found in the same as high was Chairman of the board, and during the as $1,000 per ton. Mr. Torrey was elected present fall, 1880, was again nominated on the Justice of the Peace, in 1877, at Jamestown, Republican ticket, for that office. Mr. Thomp­ and served two years. He was married, in son has filled various offices with credit to him­ Kenosha Co., Wis., in 1854, to Miss Hannah self and the town and community, and has McFarlin, daughter of Norman and Phoebe always taken an active part in the advancement McFarlin, and has a family of three children, of public interests. two sons and one daughter. HON. ARCHIBALD J. VAN DEREN. JOHN B. THOMPSON. The history of the above-named gentleman, Mr. Thompson, of the Arm of J. B. Thomp­ while it has been closely allied to the history son & Co., of Longmont, dealers in hardware, of this section of Colorado for over twenty stoves and tinware, was born in Machias, Me., years, which comprises the present volume, Aug. 21, 1839. His early life, until his four­ presents a record of an active, busy and suc­ teenth year, was spent in attending school, after cessful life. Born in Bourbon Co., Ky., Jan. which he clerked in a hardware store three 15, 1831. Five years later, his father removed years. In 1856, he went to Oshkosh, Wis., with his family to Sangamon Co., 111., and there where he clerked in a hardware store until died in a few weeks after his arrival, leaving a April, 1861. He then enlisted in Company B, widow with a family of six children, the oldest of the 2d Wis. V. I., and served with his com­ then at home being sixteen years Old. The pany one year, and was then appointed Com­ subject of this sketch spent his early life on a missary and remained in the Army of the farm amid the struggles and privations inci­ Potomac until June, 1864, when he was honor­ dent to a new and sparsely settled country. ably mustered out of the service. He was then At the age of twenty-two, he left the farm and appointed Chief Clerk, unde- Col. G. I. G id- entered mercantile life at Springfield, 111., where dings, in the IJ. S. Mustering and Disbursing he remained until 1859, attaining fair success Office, at Madison, Wis. In 1866, he was as a merchant. He then sold out and removed married to Miss Kittie Hubbard, of Madison to Colorado, settling first in what is now Gilpin Wis., and removed to Janesville, same State Co., and immediately engaged in mining pur-

7 GT BOULDER COUNTY. 695

suits. He successfully operated, at the head of couraging, in every way possible, educational, Nevada Gulch, one of the first stamp-mills moral and religious matters. brought into Colorado. In 1861, he was ap­ pointed by Gov. Gilpin one of the three first HON. CHARLES G. VAN FLEET. Commissioners to organize Gilpin County, and Charles G. Van Fleet, attorney at law and served until his successor was elected. Being member of the bar of Boulder, is a native of an ardent Republican and Union man, he took Pennsylvania, and was born at Fleetville, Lack­ an active part in the exciting political move­ awanna Co., of that State, June 3, 1847. His ments incident to the civil war. In 1863, he ancestors were Hollanders, and were among the was elected a member of the Legislative Coun­ earliest settlers of Wyoming and Lackawanna cil, and served one term. He became promi­ Valleys, Penn. His grandfather, James Van nently identified with the affairs of the county Fleet, was the founder of the town of Fleetville,' and filled various official positions of public and was the manufacturer of the first wooden trust. He was also a prominent member of plows in that section of the East, and afterward the Masonic Order, and, in 1865, was elected sent out from his shop the first plows with iron and served the Fraternity as Grand Master of points. He died at the ripe old age of one Masons. He was married, in 1866, to Miss hundred and one years. The father of the sub­ Mary W. Lloyd, of De Kalb Co., 111., and con­ ject of this sketch was a farmer and merchant tinued to reside in Central City, engaged in by occupation, anda man of large influence and mining and other pursuits, until 1876, at which wealth in Luzerne Co., where he resided until time, having acquired valuable mining property his death, which occurred when he was sixty in Boulder Co., removed thither with his fam­ years of age. The subject of this sketch began ily, and has since devoted his attention to his his education in the public schools, and, at the mining interests in Central mining district. ago of twelve, entered Wyoming Seminary and He was one of the two men who first discov­ Commercial College, and was under the tutor­ ered the John Jay mine, in 1365, which has ship of the Rev. Dr. Reuben Nelson, an eminent subsequently proven to be one of the largest divine of the Methodist Episcopal Church.. He producers of gold bullion in Boulder Co., the graduated from that institution at the age of aggregate production of which having been eighteen, and then attended Clinton Liberal upward of $70,000, from its discovery to the Institute, of Clinton, N. Y., two years, after which present time. The deepest shaft on the mine he began reading law under Hon. E. L. Merri- is 250 feet, with about 500 feet of levels at man, at Wilkesbarre, Penn., during which time, various depths, and equipped with first-class he taught a select class in elocution ; going then hoisting machinery and comfortable buildings. to Scranton, Penn., he completed his law studies Mr. Van Deren has done perhaps as much, if in the office of Hon. E. N. Willard, at the end of not more, than any other man in proving the two and a half years, and returned to Luzerne value of tellurium mines, and in successfully Co., Penn., where he was admitted to the bar. treating that class of ore in Boulder Co., hav­ He then formed a partnership with his brother- ing built, and is now operating, one of the most in-law, M. J. Wilson, and entered upon the active successful mills for the treatment of low-grade practice of law, which firm existed ten years, ores. As a citizen, Mr. Van Deren is a man of during which time he also took a prominent sterling worth in the community, and wherever part in the improvement of real estate, in Scran­ he has lived has always exerted an influence ton, Penn., having erected a number of fine for the good of the community and State, en- buildings, including a fine residence for him-

® s r 899 BIOGRAPHICAL. fe.

self, and was interested in the coal mines of that and well-cultivated mind has found time to section. In 1875, in order to recuperate his devote to the higher problems of life and health, he left for California, but while en route, nobler duties of citizenship. Besides cultivat­ stopped for a visit in Colorado, and, after visit­ ing his taste and exercising his talents in a ing various parts of the State, became satisfied literary direction—contributing many excellent with the advantages, both in climate and busi­ articles both in prose and verse to the press— ness facilities, of the State, and decided to lo­ he has taken an active interest in local politics, cate permanently in Boulder, where he has and contributed no mean share toward the fur­ since been engaged in the practice of his pro­ therance of the interests and development of fession and in mining pursuits. He was at one the institutions of Boulder Co. The honesty time interested in the Smuggler mine, and is at of purpose and intelligent energy displayed in present the chief owner and operator of the both public and private relations are bringing Balarat Concentrating Mill, which is located just recognition. At present he is Postmaster near the Smuggler mine. He is one of Boul­ at Canfield. der's substantial citizens, and served as Mayor of the city from April, 1879, to April, 1880. HON. RICHARD H. WIIITELEY. He has also added much to her real estate value The above-named gentleman is one of Boul­ and improvements, by erecting a fine brick der's highly honored and esteemed citizens, building, known as the Van Pleet Building. and a prominent member of her bar. He is an During his residence in Boulder, he has made active and enthusiastic worker in the support extended trips in Old and New Mexico, Arizona of all her institutions, both educational, muni­ and other Territories on business, and to ac­ cipal and political, and a man of sterling worth quaint himself with those countries. in society and in the upbuilding of the indus­ trial interests of the county and city, His HON. WILLIAM 0. WISE. residence, a view of which appears in this vol­ William 0. Wise, Republican candidate re­ ume, is an ornament and credit to the city of cently elected State Representative from this Boulder, and is situated upon a hill overlook­ county, was born in Dodgeville, Wis., Oct. 28, ing the city, and commanding a magnificent 1848. He came to Colorado for the benefit of view of the Boulder Valley. As in all his his health, in the spring of 1870, arriving with­ other work, so in this contribution to the out money. As soon as sufficiently recovered, material, improvement and real estate value of he began work as a farm hand on Lower Boul­ the city-, is shown the marked spirit of enter­ der, near Canfield, where he now resides. He prise characteristic of the man. Richard H. soon secured a homestead, and devoted his Whiteley, of Boulder, was born in the North of attention to farming. Afterward, discovering Ireland on the 22d of December, 1830. His coal on land adjacent to his own, he in company father having previously died, his mother and with others, purchased the same, and the Star three children emigrated to the United States coal mine, now one of the leading and most in 1836, and settled in Augusta, in tho State of reliable mines in the State, sprang into exist­ Georgia. Here Richard attended school until ence, Mr. Wise taking a 1er ling part in the 1839, when he was apprenticed to learn the enterprise from its inception to the present cotton and wool manufacture at Belleville, near time. Augusta. He remained here until 1848, and Business alone, has not, however, absorbed from that date until 1860, was engaged in the the entire attention of the man. His active cotton and wool manufacture in different coun-

9 I— BOULDER COUNTY. C97

ties of the State of Georgia, passing through elected to the Forty-first Congress. In Febru­ the different departments from the charge of ary. 1870, he was elected by the General As­ one to the entire charge and superintendence, j sembly of Georgia, United States Senator, but of the whole, manufactory, closing his coimoc- j on a contest before the Senate, the election was tion with the business by the erection of the held illegal. In the same year bo was elected cotton and wool manufactory at Bainbridge, in to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses the State of Georgia, which he completed, put by the Republicans of tbe Second District, and in operation and managed until 18(10. While succeeded in defeating an attempt to again engaged in the management of the manufactory count him out. In the fall of 1870, he estab­ erected at Bainbridge, he pursued the study of lished the Bainbridge Sun, a Republican news­ the law, and was admitted to the bar in the paper, at Bainbridge, and owned and edited the spring of that year, and at once commenced saine until it was destroyed by political incen­ the practice at Bainbridge, and continued the diaries during the Congressional canvass of same until the opening of the rebellion. Tn 1872. Was a delegate to the National Repub­ 1801, he took an active part in the issue of lican Convention held at Philadelphia in 1872, secession, and, both through the press and on and, in the same year, was again elected to the stump, opposed the secession of Georgia Congress by the Republicans of the Second from the Union, both as a right and as a rem­ District, and again succeeded in defeating an edy. Entered tho confederate army in 1801, attempt to count him out. In 1874 and 1870, and was with the Western army until the close he was again a candidate for Congress, and, on of tho war, surrendering as Major of infantry, both occasions, though elected by large major­ under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, at Durham ities, was defrauded by a false count. In Station, N. C, in 1805. Returned to the prac­ March, 1877, being fully satisfied that there tice of law immediately after the surrender, was no hope for a change in the feelings or and, as soon as the question of reconstruction policy of the South, and that all her material was mooted, took position in favor of the interests were suffering therefrom, he moved to policy of Congress, and in opposition to Presi­ Colorado, for whose admission as a State he dent Johnson, maintaining through tho press had voted in Congress. He settled at Boulder, and on the stump that the first duty of the and at once commenced the practice of law, Southern people was to unconditionally and in and has devoted himself exclusively thereto, good faith accept the results of the war, recog­ except taking a part in the financial canvass of nize that secession was rebel lion,'and enfran­ 1878, in Boulder Co., as a Republican, in favor chise and protect the late slaves of the South. of honest money and the resumption of specie In 1807, he was elected to the State Constitu­ payments. Maj. Whiteley's education was ob­ tional Convention, and was a member of the tained in tho main by night study while en­ Judiciary Committee of that body. In 1808, gaged in the manufacturing business, being de­ was nominated by the Republicans of the prived of the benefits of a common-school Second District of Georgia for the Fortieth education. He taught night school among the Congress, and elected after a thorough canvass factory operatives while learning his trade, and of twenty-two counties, by a large majority, pursuing his own studies to improve his mind, but was defrauded by a false count. In tho and during the whole period of his connection fall of 1808, he was appointed by the Governor with the manufacturing business, continued a of Georgia, Solicitor General of the South­ regular system of self-instruction, in the main western Circuit, which position he held until historical reading, ancient and modern. In

s r 698 BIOGRAPHICAL.

1850, he was married, in Georgia, to Miss Mar­ until thoroughly satisfied that the mine would garet E. Devine, and has five children living, yield sufficient to pay the expenses of devel­ three boys-and two girls. oping Immediately upon making the discov­ ery of the value of the mine, he procured GEORGE R. WILLIAMSON. Government patents, and has since continued Among the early pioneers who chose the developing the same. Tho Yellow Pine mine and Boulder Valley as their home while all was the others above mentioned have proven to be new and uncertain, having been one of the among the richest in Boulder Co., and yielded founders of the town of Boulder, and watched §2,500 in 1877, $5,000 in 1878, 810,000 in 1879, its growth from a transient and straggling $20,000 in 1880. Mr. Williamson has now 400 camp of tents and huts to a prosperous and feet of tunnels on the Yellow Pine mine, one beautiful city, is George R. Williamson, born of which, on the north side, and a little below in Mercer Co., Penn., July 14, 1824. His the discovery shaft, is forty feet in length, father, Thomas Williamson, was a farmer by the last fifteen feet of which passes into a very occupation, with whom he remained until rich body of ore, and yielded $5,000. On the attaining the age of manhood, at which time Vucleus Lode, he has 1,000 feet of tunnels, he became. Superintendent of the Davidson and on the Gray Copper Lode, 300 feet of tun­ Coal Banks, in Beaver Co., Penn., owned by his nels. On the latter two lodes, 300 feet of air- uncle, William Fruit, and remained in that shafts. The ore has yielded from 150 ounces capacity three or four years. In the summer to 1,900 ounces per ton, with an average of of 1855, he removed to Decatur Co., Neb., and 300 ounces per ton ; the larger portion of the was elected Sheriff of that county, in the spring ore runs from 300 to 400 ounces per ton. Mr. of 1856. He also became the owner of land Williamson is the sole owner of this property, in that county. He resided there until the fall which is considered worth $500,000, and one of 1858, when he emigrated to Colorado, and of the most practical miners of Boulder Co. devoted all his time and energy to prospecting Mr. Williamson is a man of great integrity of and examining and studying the surface indi­ character, and a valuable citizen. His policy cations and formation of the mineral district of is always liberal in the support of all worthy Gilpin Co., and vicinity, gaining a proficient measures fbr the prosperity of the institutions knowledge of the different changes in the char­ and industries of the county. acter of the mineral in the lodes as depth is at­ tained. He spent theyear 1859, chiefly in gulch GARDNER P. WOOD. mining in Spring Guleh, near Central City, and Mr. Wood is one of Colorado's pioneer min­ the year I860, in California Gulch. From that ers and worthy citizens. The reference here giv­ time until 1875, he was engaged in mining in en of the salient points of his life, will serve to Gilpin and Boulder Counties. In the mean­ identify him with tho enterprising business men time, in 1861 and 1862, he, in company with of the West. For over fourteen years he has H. C. Norton, built the Bear Canon Toll Road. been a citizen of Boulder Co., residing at Sugar In 1875, he discovered and located the Yellow Loaf mining district, where his mining inter­ Pine mine, Vucleus, Gray Copper, and Duroc ests have claimed the larger portion of his Lodes, in Sugar Loaf District, Boulder Co. time and attention. He is a native of New He then gave his attention to prospecting and Hampshire, and was born in the town of Ches­ examining this property, and, by a careful and terfield, Cheshire Co., Aug. 8, 1833. A few economical plan, continued his explorations years later, his parents removed to Massachu- *7î BOULDER COUNTY. 609 setts, but afterward returned again to New citement occurred over the discovery of tellu­ Hampshire. The limited means of his parents rium ores, during which time the Melvina Lode necessitated bis leaving home, at the age of was discovered, also the Sunshine mines and thirteen, to make a start in life for himself, the Crisman mines ; the latter was known as and obtain such education as he might be able Camp Tellurium. In 1868, he secured the to procure by working for wages at the rate of establishment of a post office at Sugar Loaf, of $35 for seven months' work, and his board ; which he has since been Postmaster. He is soon, however, this gave place to more remun­ also Justice of the Peace of that district. erative work in a cotton-factory, Until eight­ During his residence in Boulder Co., his chief een, he worked thus and attended school alter­ pursuit has been lumbering and mining, and nately, after which, he spent the summer of his placer-mining exceeds that of any other in 185-1 in the city of Pitchburg, Mass., working the county. Mr. Wood has been twice married ; at the carpenter's trade, and the winter of 1855 his first wife died in Colorado, in 1872. He in teaching school in a town of New Hampshire. was married the second time in 1873, to Miss Thence went to Minnesota, locating near Wi­ Mary E. Huntington, daughter of Horace P. nona, then only a steamboat landing. In Huntington, of Brooklyn. N. Y., and has a December, 185(5, he returned to New England family of four children—one son and three and located at Fitchburg, Mass, where he was daughters. married in April, 1857, to Miss Sara T. Phil­ HON. ALPHEUS WRIGHT. lips, daughter of Col. I, Phillips of that city. Hon. Alpheus Wright is a fair representative During the years 1850-60, he was engaged in of the hardy men who, during the early pio­ cotton manufacturing, under the firm name of neer days of Colorado, helped to hear onward Coggshall & Wood. In 1802, he removed to the standard of civilization amid deprivations Leominster, Mass., and four years later, emi­ and dangers incident to frontier life, and his grated to Colorado, arriving in Denver, July 0, interests have subsequently been identical with 1806. Soon after, he settled permanently those, of the city of Boulder and -vicinity, to where he now resides, as above stated, and is whose prosperity he has largely contributed, in the oldest resident on the road between Boul­ common with many other good citizens ; indeed, der and Ward District, a distance of eighteen it may well be said of him as a citizen und as miles. During the winter and spring of 1867, a public servant, and in all his professional life, he aided in constructing a rond up Four Mile that be has maintained a high Standard of ex­ Creek. Previous to this, all supplies were cellence and ability, which is to be attributed brought in on pack mules, as there were no more to his own integrity and industry, rather roads. In July, 1807, he built a saw-mill, the than to any fortuitous circumstances. He\ was machinery for which and other wood-working born in Ileuvelton, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., machinery, he brought from Massachusetts. Aug 15,1832, and is of New England parent­ In 18611, he built a small stamp-mill for crush­ age, lie began his education in the public ing ore, the first such in the district. About schools, and after the death of his father, which that time, silver-bearing ores began to be con­ occurred in 1816, he was left to obtain his live­ sidered valuable, and the excitement and active lihood and education by his own efforts. Until prospecting lasted until in' the spring of 1870, reaching the age of eighteen, he worked and when everybody deserted the district and he attended school alternately, then, by teaching was left alone, his nearest neighbor being seven school, obtained sufficient means to complete miles distant. Several years later, another ex­ his education in the Canton and Potsdani i iL

700 BIOGRAPHICAL.

Academies. Ia 1853, he wedt to Australia 1856, entered the Joliet Signal office, at that during the gold excitement in that country, place. Removed to St. Louis in 1860, thence where he was engaged in mining until the fall to Colorado, in 1863. He resided at Black of 1854. Thence, returning to the United Hawk three years, then removed to Central States, taught school during the following win­ City, and, in 1874, to Boulder. On May 29, of ter in his native State, and, early in the spring, that year, he became associated with Mr. Amos removed to Prairie du Chien, Wis., where he Bixby in publishing the Boulder County News, prepared himself for adm ission to the bar, mean­ continuing the same until the consolidation of while supporting himself by teaching. In 1856, the News and Courier was effected, Nov. 1, he was elected ' County Clerk, and afterward 1878, at which time he, in company with Mr. Justice of the Peace. He took an active part Shedd, purchased Mr. Bixby's interest, and in politics, stumping that district for Gen. Fre­ have since conducted the journal prosperously, mont. After being admitted to the bar, in acquiring a large circulation and influence in 1857, he remained in the practice of law until Boulder and adjoining counties. spring of 1859, when he emigrated to Colorado, and was engaged in mining in Gilpin Co., dur­ THE WELLMAN BROTHERS. ing the following year. He was also occasion­ The history of the three brothers, Sylvanus, ally employed as counsel in mining cases. In Henry L. and Luther C. Wellman, is almost the fall of lg60, he returned to Wisconsin, and parallel from the time of their coming to Colo­ moved his family to Colorado. After three years rado, in 1859, until within the/ past few years. more successful operations in mining in Gilpin They have been closely allied with the agri­ Co., he removed to Boulder City, and has since cultural interests and other business affairs of been identified with the mining interests of Boulder Co., from its earliest settlement. They Boulder Co. In 1865, he again resumed the are all natives of Pennsylvania, and are de­ active practice of his profession, to which he scended from an old and influential family of has since chiefly devoted his attention. In that name, in that State. Sylvanus Wellman 1865, he was elected to the Lower House of was born in Susquehanna Co., Penn., Sept. 19, the Territorial Legislature, and was an ardent 1834. Henry L. Wellman was born there, Dec, supporter of the bill for the admission of Colo­ 28, 1821, and Luther C. Wellman, March 20. rado as a State. Although the bill was passed 1826. They aU remained at home on their at that time by Congress, it was vetoed by father's farm, engaged in farming and lumber­ President Johnson. At the expiration of his ing, until 1845, when Henry L. went to Hamil­ term, he was appointed County Attorney for ton, N. Y., where he served an apprenticeship Boulder Co., and afterward elected to that po­ to the tanner and currier's trade, which busi­ sition, which office he still holds. He was ness he followed there until 1851. Luther C. married in November, 1857, to Miss Sarah J. left the farm at the same time, and was engaged Hutchinson. in bridge-building on the New York & Erie EUGENE WILDER, Railroad until the fall of 1847, then removed editor-in-chief and one of the proprietors of with William, an older brother, to Towanda, the Boulder County News and Courier, was born Bradford Co., Penn., with whom he was engaged at Manchester, near Canandaigua, N. Y., Sept. in butchering and stock business until in the 14, 1840, and at the age of two years, went with spring of 1850. In 1848, Sylvanus left the his parents to Wilmington, 111. Thence, in home farm and joined his brothers in Bradford 1850, to Joliet, where he was educated, and in Co. In 1850, Luther 0 Wellman went to Cal-

^7 a 4 h BOULDER COUNTY. TOI *< [ ifornia by way of thu isthmus, and one year bushels per acre—Virginia weight, sixty-three r later Henry joined him there, both remaining pounds per bushel—and during those early in that State until 1856, having been engaged days, one year grew and sold hay, grain and in mining, ranching and stock-growing. Re­ vegetables, to the amount of $20,000. In turning, then, to Bradford Co., Penn., where they 1863, they sold hay for $80 per ton. In 1874, were all three engaged in the stock business Sylvanus Wellman built a stone residence on until 1859, in March of which year they left the farm where he has since resided, and still for Pike's Peak, Colo., and after outlitting at is the owner of 240 acres of the original sec­ Dixon, 111, they started across the plains with tion. He was married, in October, 1865, to three yoke of oxen and one wagon loaded Miss Romelia A. Towner, daughter of Reuben with provisions for one year, 'and mining E. and Lucinda Towner, of Boulder, whose tools. They traveled to the Missouri River, in family were formerly from the State of New company with B. P. Porter, and there met York. Henry L. Wellman was married, in hundreds of parties returning, who gave such 1864, to Miss Electa Bennett, of Dixon, Lee discouraging accounts of the Pike's Peak coun­ Co., Ill,, and continued to reside on the farm try that they resolved to go on through to tintil 1876, when he sold his interest in the California, and threw away their mining tools. farm and removed to Jamestown, Boulder Co,, Upon their arrival at Ft. Laramie, they met where he has since been engaged in stock-grow­ Horace Greeley on his way to Colorado, who, ing and mining. Luther C. Wellman was mar­ after visiting and examining the mines in Colo­ ried, in 1872, to Miss Mary Hopkins, daughter rado, advised them to locate there and prospect, of Isaac Hopkins, of Valmont, Boulder Co., which they did, accompanied by other parties, and, in 1874, built a stone residence on the among whom were G. F. Chase, Mr. Butler, farm and resided there until 1879, when he Charles Gardner, Mr. Belcher, Dr. Hunt, Dr. sold out to Ü. K. Sternberg, and has since been Saville, Mr. Slade, William Barney, George engaged in mining in the Gunnison country. Savary and Henry Ludlow. After prospecting along the foot-hills, they arrived about Aug. 1. PERRY WHITE. 1859, at Boulder, then a town of about twenty Mr. White, one of the early pioneers of Col­ log houses. Here they decided to settle, as the orado, and one of Boulder Co.'s honored and country presented the appearance of a fine worthy citizens, who has done much to encour­ farming country, and, in company with B. F. age the fruit-growing interests, is of German Safford, took up 640 acres of land, situated descent, and was born in Gallia Co., Ohio, Feb. two and one-half miles east of Boulder, where 22, 1820. His early life, until seventeen years they made the first attempt at farming in Colo­ of age, was spent on a farm, after which he rado, having sown an acre of turnips. They followed boating on the Ohio and Mississippi there built the first two log cabins outside of Rivers four years. In 1841, he married Miss Boulder, for the finishing of which they pur­ Rachel Irvine, and the following year removed chased whip-sawed lumber at $180 per 1,000 to Wapello Co., Iowa, where, during the suc­ feet, the first such used in building in Colorado, ceeding eighteen years, he was engaged in and the first house with doors, windows and farming and stock-raising. In the spring of floors. During the following year, they in­ 1860, he joined the tide of immigration then closed their land, then sent East and purchased pouring into Colorado, and spent the season seed and farming tools. In 1862, they har­ mining at Central City, Gilpin Co. The fol­ J vested 40 acres of wheat, which averaged sixty lowing fall, he took up 160 acres of land on I

1 A 1¿L 702 BIOGRAPHICAL.

St. Vrain Creek, five miles west of Longmont, often until midnight. At the age of twenty-five, to which he subsequently added 240 acres, on he began the study of Greek, his first book which he resided until the spring of 1875, en­ being Dr. Parkhurst's Grammar and Lexicon of gaged in farming, gardening, fruit-growing and the New Testament. At the age of twenty- stock raising. Meantime, in the fall of 1862, eight, studied medicine and afterward practiced he sent a team back to Iowa and removed his the same successfully until, at the age of family to Colorado. In the spring of 1875, he twenty-nine, he emigrated to America and set­ purchased a one-half interest in the J. Alden tled in Jo -Daviess County, 111. After six Smith mine at Springdale, Boulder Co., and months' residence in America, at the election of subsequently exchanged a portion of his farm the society of which he was a member, he was for a residence in Boulder, and sold the re­ called to the work of the ministry. But before mainder of the farm. In July, 1875, he re­ he entered the ranks as a Methodist itinerant, moved to Boulder, and, during the succeeding contrary to the advice of his friends and spirit­ two years, was engaged in mining. He then ual advisers, he entered Mt. Morris Academy, sold his interest in the mine, and has since de­ where he pursued such branches of study as voted his attention to farming and gardening. would best fit him for the work to which he had Mr. White has a beautiful residence in the been called. After leaving school, he was mar­ suburbs of Boulder, and has his property, con­ ried to Miss T. M. Battis, of Chemung, 111., and sisting of several lots, nicely ornamented with for the fifteen years succeeding was a member fruit-trees of various kinds, including a fine of the Rock River Conference. Failing health garden, to the cultivation of which he has de­ then compelled him to seek a change, and, at voted much care and attention. the suggestion of Bishop Kingsbury, he was transferred to Colorado in the spring of 1869. BEV. GEORGE WALLACE. He was stationed at Black Hawk first, and re­ Rev. George Wallace is a very popular and mained as Pastor two years, since which time able minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, he has served several churches in different parts and has attained a very high degree of eminence of the State. As age and scope of knowledge as a divine, because of his marked ability as a have increased, his sectarian principles have theologian, logician and metaphysician, and is given place to broad and liberal views and the well and favorably known as a fluent and elo­ practice of brotherly fellowship as he interprets quent speaker. He is a native of Great Brit­ the teaching of the New Testament. Hence, ain, and was born in Northumberland July his evangelical work and writing are at present 17, 1825. His ancestors are believed to have equally acceptable in the pulpits of other ortho­ been of Scotch origin, and claim affinity to dox churches as in his own denomination. As Sir William, the hero of Scotland. Owing to a minister and Biblical critic he takes rank with the limited means of his parents, his early edu­ the eminent and authoritative commentators cation was dependent largely upon his own I and scholars of the times. As a lecturer on efforts in the field of reading and writing. Upon ! philosophical subjects and in the temperance attaining manhood, his fondness for books and j cause, he has merited the highest honor and insatiate thirst for knowledge became the rul­ j praise, and the success of this latter work in ing element of his life and ambition, and to ¡ Gilpin and Boulder Counties is due as much to gratify this desire he spent his evenings in j his advocacy as any other living man. He has close study of the best authors in the leading resided permanently in Boulder for the past branches of knowledge, continuing his studies i four years, and by economy and good business

6 <ä k.

BOULDER COUNTY. 703

judgment has become the possessor of valuable j worked at his trade one year, and subsequently property in the city, together with a fine ranche four years in Marion Co., same State. In the owned by Mrs. Wallace on Left Hand Creek. ; spring of 1800, he came to Colorado and lo­ For five years ho was the owner of one of the cated in Central City, and during that season finest farms on St. Vrain Creek, and evinced the followed mining and prospecting. The following same successful tact in its management as in winter, he carried on blacksmithing in Quartz all other departments of his active life. He Valley, north of Central City. In April, 1801, occupies a position of influence in the com­ he, in company with C. C. True, purchased a munity, and is an important factor in the social claim for 100 acres of land on St. Vrain Creek, and moral progress of Colorado. six miles west of Longmont, which he after­ ward pre-empted, and during the succeeding ARTHUR L. WILLIAMS. four years followed farming and stock-raising. A. L. Williams, senior member of the mer­ In 1805, the partnership was dissolved, and cantile firm of Williams, Griffith & Co., is of the land and stock divided. He has since re­ Welsh descent, and was born in Owen Sound, sided on his farm, principally engaged in farm­ Ontario, Canada, Jan. 30, 1853. At an early ing and stock-raising, and has, to some extent, age, he removed with his parents to Shulls- carried on blacksmithing, and, during the past burg, Wis, where his early life was spent in ten years, has devoted considerable attention acquiring an education. In 1872, after gradu­ to the nursery business. Mr. Webster was ating from the high school of that place, he married, April 22, 1866, to Miss Mary E. Wis­ entered the Greenwich Academy, at Greenwich, ner, and lias two daughters. R. I., where he remained two years. In 1874, he came to Colorado and clerked one year, JOHN G. WHITE. then went to Boston, Mass., and continued in Mr. White was horn in Carroll Co., Ohio, the same occupation two years. In 1877, he Nov. 20, 1834. At the age of fifteen, he re­ again came to Colorado, and located in Long­ moved with his parents to Benton Co., Iowa, mont, Boulder Co., and, in May, 1878, engaged where, after attaining manhood, he settled .upon in the mercantile business in company with R. a farm, and remained in that pursuit until 1S07 ; G. Griffith. Mr. Williams was married, in then emigrated to Colorado, and selected a 1877, to Miss Adelaide Makinster, of Boston. farm in the beautiful valley of the St. Vrain, near the town of Longmont, where he has since GEORGE W. WEBSTER. resided. He is a model farmer, and an enter­ Mr. Webster, one of Boulder Co.'s pioneers, prising and worthy citizen in the community. has done much to advance her fruit-grow­ He was married Nov. 18, 1860, to Miss Rhoda ing interests, having made two trips to Califor­ Van Camp, of Benton Co., Iowa, nia for the purpose of shipping fruit trees to this State, a portion of which he sold to the HON. JOHN H. WELLS. surrounding community, and with the remain­ This gentleman, a member of the legal pro­ der started a nursery. The subject of this fession of Longmont. and one of her honored sketch was born in Ashland Co., Ohio, Oct. and worthy citizens, was born in Wethersfield, 30, 1834. He remained at home on his father's 111., March 28, 1842. His father died when he farm until his eighteenth year, then served an was two years of age. His mother shortly- aft­ apprenticeship at the blacksmith's trade. In erward removed to Galesburg, same State, 1855, he went to Mahaska Co., Iowa, where he where his early life, until he was fifteen years

^ s r 704 BIOGRAPHICAL.

of age, was spent in school. He then served an I the printing business, in the olliee of the Stcu- apprenticeship at the printer's trade. In June, benville Herald, Steubenville, Ohio. Shortly 1861, he enlisted in Company E, 17th ill. V. I, after the expiration of his term of service, in and in 1863, was promoted Second Lieutenant. March, 1847, he became a partner with M. 11. He remained with his Company through its Hull in the publication of The Clarion of Free­ various engagements in the Army of the dom, at Cambridge, Guernsey Co., Ohio. The Tennessee, under Gen. Grant, until July, 1864. fiery indignation of Mr. Wolff at the atrocity when he was honorably mustered out of the of slavery, added to the marked ability of Mr, service. He then returned to Galesburg, 111., Hull, made the Clarion a power that attracted and decided to adopt the profession of law, the attention of the pro-slavery elements of and during the succeeding two years, read un­ the Whig and Democratic parties, to such an der Carr& Chambers, and in 1866 was admitted extent as to result in fierce and blood-thirsty to the bar. In May of that year, he came to mobs, which continued for nineteen nights in Colorado, and after spending six months in succession, almost demolishing the building in Denver, located in Burlington, Boulder Co., which the paper was printed, and during which and began the practice of law. In 1807. he both the partners were assaulted with deadly was appointed County Attorney, which office weapons, eggs, and other missiles that error he held one year. During 1868-69. he was always hurls at truth. To save the material of Postmaster of that town. In the fall of 1869, the office and the lives of its owners, the paper he was elected to the Lower House of the Ter­ was moved to Concord, Muskingum Co., Ohio, ritorial Legislature, and served one term .of where it was continued till it met the fate of two years. In 1871, when Longmont was too many anti-slavery publications—a torturing started, he removed thence, where he has since death, by starvation. Then Mr. Wol if moved resided, engaged in the active practice of his to Wheeling, W. Va., where he worked at his profession. In 1875, he was again appointed trade for eight years—four years of that time Countj' Attorney, which office he filled two as foreman of the book and job department of years, and when the Longmont & Erie Railroad the Wheeling Daily Intelligencer, using his pen Company was organized, was elected President as a weapon against slavery so effectively" in va­ of the company, which position he still holds. rious anti-slavery publications, as to bring down Mr. Wells has honorably, and with credit to upon his head the ire of that then pro-slavery himself and the community, discharged the du- ': stronghold. Hethen,inl850.movedtoKeokuk, ties of all offices to which he has been called, Iowa, where he was foreman of the Keokuk and is an upright-and public-spirited man, and Daily Post book and job department till 1858, an able counselor. He was married in 1875 when he moved to the frontier, in Nebraska, to Miss RomeUa Smith, of Nashua, Iowa. and engaged in farming near Columbus, in that State. Here he remained for two years, and JOSEPH WOLFF. was caught in the Pike's Peak tide of 1860, The subject of this sketch was born of Ger­ and landed on California Gulch, near the pres­ ent site of Leadville. where he gulch-mined man parentage, in Greensburg, Westmoreland during July and August of that year. Return­ Co., Penn., Aug. 5, 1825. While an infant his ing to Denver in September, he took a position parents removed to Carroll Co., Ohio, where he on the Rocky Mountain Keics and held it for a remained till the age of seventeen, having the few months, during the time when the office advantage of but a brief period in the district was an arsenal and all employes expected to school, then was apprenticed for three years to i. BOULDER COUNTY. 705 , shoot on occasion, which was presented more ! Colorado Central road. Politically, of course, than once, as the Newt was then engaged in a j he was an original Republican, and remained deadly struggle with gamblers, murderers and such till the panic of 1873 opened his eyes to thieves. During this time his voice, pen and the vicious legislation of his party, when he double-barreled shot-gun were used in defense left it anil remained out in the cold, as it were, of law and order. About the commencement j till the crystallization of the Third, or Groen- of 1SG1. he moved into Boulder County—of ! back Labor Party, which result he helped to which he has been a continuous resident ever I produce. He organized the first Greenback since—and started a stone-ware manufactory 1 Club in Colorado ; was largely instrumental in on Bock Creek. Remaining in this long enough j the call of the first Greenback County Conven­ to make it a success, but seeing greater profit tion in the State, which met at Boulder, Sept. in wheat at 13 cents per pound, he tore down IS, 1877, and was at that time made chairman his factory and opened a ranche on Coal Creek of the Greenback State Central Committee, j adjoining the present farm of Robert Niver. which he held for»year and labored like a Here he farmed for one year, but scarcity of beaver to unite all the forces of opposition to water in that creek induced him to move again, both the old parties. In 1878, he was put on and he bought 1G0 acres of land adjoining the the ticket for the State Senate, and, though de­ town of Boulder, where he has remained con­ feated, bad the satisfaction of coming in ahead tinuously, engaged in farming, dairying and of his Democratic competitor. He stumped fruit-raising, his exclusive attention being now the county thoroughly that year, as well as ! paid to the latter branch of industry, which he doing a large amount of work in the State has made a success after many years of labor campaign. Mr. Wolff has wielded his pen and experiment, and the expenditure of many faithfully in behalf of Colorado's institutions hundreds of dollars. In the early history of and industries, his articles for the press attract­ Boulder County, when the outside world did ing general attention, and embracing every not know of such a place, and the county had matter of advantage to the community or of no newspapers to advertise the fact, Mr. Wolffs general public interest. pen contributed weekly articles to the Central City Register and Rocky Mountain News, set­ ANTHONY M. WYLAM. ting forth the advantages of this county, in the This gentleman, who has for the past eleven hope of attracting the attention of the public years devoted his attention to farming and stock and inducing capitalists to lend their aid in the raising on Coal Creek. Boulder County, was development of our vast resources, which the born in Kanawha County, W. Va., August 3, good sense of Mr. Wolff could see plainly 1835. His early life until his twenty-third year awaiting the hand of enterprise. These con­ was spent on a farm. He then removed to Jo tributions continued over a period of three Daviess County, 111., where he followed lead years, and until the advent of the first news- mining during the winter and farming during ' paper of the county, the Boulder County Pio­ the summer seasons. In the fall of 18G3, he neer, when his pen largely aided that enterprise. came to Colorado and spent the winter at Cen­ i He aided, by his time, money and persistent tral City, Gilpin County. The following spring efforts, in getting the Boulder Valley Railroad he went to Montana and was engaged in placer extended from Erie to Boulder, and was one of mining during the succeeding eighteen months. a few citizens who aided in saving to the He then returned to Illinois and embarked in : county, the £2UU.Ü0U of stock held bv it in the the mercantile business at Galena. In the fall s r •"I » 4^- 706 BIOGRAPHICAL.

of 1807, owing to failing health, he again came ing until 1800. In the spring of that year, he to Colorado and followed mining at Central City removed to Colorado, and was located at Gold eighteen months. In the spring of 18G9, he Hill, Boulder Co., until the fall of that year. homesteaded eighty acres of land on Coal Creek, Thence removed to Gold Dirt, Gilpin Co., one and a half miles southwest of the present where he remained one and a half years, and site of Louisville, on which he removed and has helped build the town there, which has in late since resided, engaged in farming and stock- years been abandoned. Thence removed to raising. Boulder Co., and was engaged in farming in CHARLES 0. WEBB. the vicinity of Valmont until 1804. In the Mr. Webb, one of Colorado's experts in mill­ spring of 1804, he purchased a farm of 100 ing, was born in Bombay, Franklin County, acres near Valmont, and lived there until 1875, N. Y., September 20, 1842. He enjoyed the with the exception of one year spent at the usual advantages of public schools, and after carpenter's trade at Black Hawk and at Chey­ spending twenty-two years under the parental enne. In 1875, he removed to Weld Co., roof, he started West and came as far as Min­ where he spent two years in the stock business nesota, where he was variously engaged until and fanning, then returned to Boulder Co., 1872, when he came to Colorado and located at and has since been engaged in farming and the Littleton, where he was employed at the Rough stock business. He was married, in 1853, to and Ready mill about two years ; then he came Miss Mary A. Johnson, daughter of Parnam to Longmont, where he remained about one year ; Johnson, of Grant Co., AVis., and has a family then was attracted by the glowing accounts of five children living, three sons and two of quickly made fortunes in the mining dis­ daughters. tricts, but after one year's experience in mining 0. H. WANGELIN. he returned to Longmont, contented with a O. H. Wangelin, editor and proprietor of miller's life, and formed a partnership with J. the Boulder County Herald, was born in Leba­ W. Denio. They are now turning out the best non, St. Clair Co., 111., March 2, 1850. His grades of flour to be found in the markets. Mr. parents were natives of Prussia. He was. edu­ Webb is unmarried, but enjoys life in eveiy cated at McKendree College, at Lebanon, 111. respect. from which institution he graduated with the JOHN J. WALLACE. honors of his class, after which he was engaged Among those who settled in Colorado to in teaching until 1870. He meanwhile studied engage in agricultural pursuits, and have found law, and was admitted to the bar by the that it can be carried on successfully and prof­ Supreme Court of Illinois in 1871. From that itably, is John J. Wallace. He was born in time until October, 1872, he was engaged in' Jefferson Co., Ind., Dec. 29, 1827. His father the practice of his profession at Evansville, owned and resided upon a farm, but was en­ Ind. Thence, in December following, he re­ gaged in the work of the ministry, and was a moved to Colorado to accept the position of well-known and able divine of the Baptist assistant editor on the Rocky Mountain Leader Church. The subject of this sketch remained at Denver, and filled that position until the in charge of the farm until twenty years of suspension of that paper in August, 1873- age. In the spring of 18-±8, he emigrated to Removing to Evans, Colo., he remained in Wisconsin and spent several years in different charge of the Journal of that place until May parts of the State, finally settling in Grant Co., 1874, then purchased the Time» at WatsekUj and there was engaged in fanning and lumber­ Iroquois Co., 111., whither he removed with his «¿*Ls r- té* i!

BOULDER COUNTY. 707 family, but, owing to his wife's ill health, sold tendent for the Mountain Chief Mining Com­ out in August, 1875, and returned to Colorado, pany, of New York City, of which he was a located in Boulder, and, on Sept. 30 of that stockholder, and has since been engaged in de­ year, started the Colorado Bonner, of which he veloping their property. In May, 1880, when was editor and sole owner until February, the Silver Dale Mining and Milling Company, 1878, when lt. IL Tilney became his partner, of Denver, was organized, of which he also be­ having purchased a half-interest. This firm came a stockholder, he was employed to super­ existed until January, 1880, when he sold out intend the development of their mines, which to Mr. Tilney, and, on the 18th of February, he is now rapidly pushing forward. Mr. Wood established the WveMy Herald, and issued the is also otherwise extensively identified with the daily, the first in the place, April 17, 1880. mining interests of Sunshine. Mr. Wangelin has been twice married, first on Oct. 15. 1874, to Miss Emma Heimbcrger, of SAMUEL WILLIAMS. Belleville, St. Clair Co., 111., who died of con­ Mr. Williams, junior member of the mercan­ sumption Dec. 3, 1875. He was again married, tile firm of Will iams, Griffith & Co.. was born in 1878, to Miss Emma Holbrook, of Du Bois, in Philadelphia, Penn.. Nov. 7, 1852. His early Washington Co., 111., a highly cultured lady, life was spent in acquiring an education, first and a graduate, in 1872, of Montieello 'Semi­ attending private schools until ten years of age; nary', at Godfrey, 111. By his last marriage he he then entered the Downingtown Academy at has had one child, a son, who, at the age of Downingtown, Penn., where he remained three seven months, died Feb. 21, 1880. years. He then spent eighteen months in tbe Milton Classical Institute, at Milton, same THOMAS L. WOOD. State, and subsequently three and a half years This enterprising young miner and one of in the private school of Prof. C. S. Locke, at the founders of the town of Sunshine, Boulder Dedham, Mass. In April, 1871, he came to Co., was born on Staten Island, N. Y., Oct. 20, Colorado with the Chicago Colorado Colony, 1858, and is of Dutch and Welsh descent. His and from 1874 to 1870, clerked for C. II. Gloyn, early life was snent in attending school and in then accepted a position as clerk in the mer­ his seventeenth year completed his education cantile firm of Williams & Griffith, with whom at the Basle Gymnasium at the town of Basle, he remained until May, 1880, when he entered Switzerland. He then returned home, and dur­ a partnership with said firm, since known as ing the succeeding year was in the employ of Williams, Griffith & Co. the Equitable Life Insurance Society of New York City. In 1872. he came to Colorado and OLIVER E. WISE. followed mining at Gold Hill, Boulder Co., dur­ This gentleman is of English descent, and ing the succeeding two years. In May, 1874, was born in Kennebec, Me., Oct. 20, 1810. when the excitement occurred on the discovery His early life until attaining his majority was of gold, at the place where Sunshine now spent on a farm, after which he served an ap­ stands, he removed thither, and erected the prenticeship at the blacksmith's trade. In 1845, first house in that town. After mining there he removed to Iowa Co., Wis., where he followed one year, he returned to New York City, and his trade until 1870 ; then, owing to the failing tho following year was again spent in the em­ health of his wife, he came to Colorado, and ploy of the Equitable Life Insurance Company. homesteaded eighty acres of land on Boulder In 1877, he returned to Sunshine as Superin­ Creek, twelve miles east of Boulder City, on 708 BIOGRAPHICAL.

which he removed his family, and where he has clerked two years in his father's store, and sub­ gince resided. He then came to Boulder and sequently, two years in a general mercantile worked at his trade two years, and subse­ store. In 1860, he removed to Summit Co., quently followed it four years in Erie, Weld Ohio, and in December, 1861, enlisted in Com­ Co., alter which he erected a shop on his farm, pany 1,1st Ohio Volunteer Light Artrfler&and where he continued at his trade two years. remained with his company through its various engagements until honorably discharged in GEORGE W. WILSON. July, 1865. He then returned to his home in G. W. Wilson, Station Agent, Postmaster, Summit Co., Ohio, and shortly afterward en­ and senior member of the firm of G. W. Wil­ gaged in the grocery business at Hudson, same son & Son, grain merchants and proprietors of State. In the spring of 1867, he removed to the steam feed-mill, at Ni Wot, Boulder Co., Omaha, Neb., and engaged in taking contracts was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., Nov. 13, 1828. to build streets, and ran a number of teams. His early life, until attaining his majority, was In 1874, he removed to Denver, Colo., and em­ spent on a farm, after which he woriœd in a barked in the commission business, continuing woolen-mill five years. He then rented a the same three years. Ho then removed to woolen-mill, which he ran five years, and subse­ Ni Wot, Boulder Co., and, in connection with quently ran a flour and grist mill ten years. In his brother, G. W. Wright, succeeded Dobbins 1869, he again engaged in running a woolen- & Gullick, in the general mercantile business, mill, continuing the same three years. In 1872, in which he is still engaged. During the same owing to failing health, he came to Colorado, year, he was appointed Postmaster of that and located at the mouth of Left Hand Canon, place, which position he held two years. Boulder Co., where he spent one year in regain­ ing his health. He then removed to Ni Wot, EDWIN WILLIAMS. same county, and spent the following year in Edwin Williams, agent of the Boston and ereoting the store building now occupied by Colorado Smelting Company for Boulder Coun­ Wright Bros., and other smaller buildings. In ty, was born in Steuben County, N. Y., July 15, 1874, he was appointed station agent at that 1849. His early life, until his nineteenth year, place, by the Colorado Central Railroad, and was spent on a farm, after which he traveled as also engaged in buying grain. In 1879, he was salesman for a nursery three years, and subse­ appointed Postmaster, and soon afterward took quently worked on a farm three years. In ¿ÍS son, L. W Wilson, in partnership, and 1874, he went to Moline, III, where he was em­ opened a steam feed-mill. In 1875, he was ployed to take charge of one of the departments elected Justice of the Peace, which office he in the malleable iron manufactory of that place, still holds. continuing the same two years. In the spring CHARLES A. WRIGHT. of 1876 he came to Colorado, and was variously C. A. Wright, senior member of the firm of engaged in quartz-mills in Boulder County Wright Bros., proprietors of the general mer­ until September, 1879, when he was employed cantile store at Ni Wot, Boulder Co., was born as agent for the Boston and Colorado Smelting in Du Page Co., 111., Jan. 23,1840. While yet Company, which position he still holds. an infant, his parents removed to Rochester, N. Y., where his early life was spent in attend­ GEORGE ZWECK. ing school. In his sixteenth year, he worked The above-named gentleman is one of the one year at the cooper's trade, after which he early pioneers of Boulder County, and has be- ». L 9K i MISCELLANEOUS. 709 come largely interested in stock-growing, farm­ recently erecting a large hotel. In 1860, he fr ing and mining. He is of German descent, was discovered the Elk Horn and Gray Eagle mines. born in Rhine Province, Prussia, December 6, The latter he still owns, also the Greeley mine. 1829, and emigrated to the United States in In 1861, he and two others—A. D. Gifford and 1854. Until 1860, he resided in Floyd County, David Pestly—who are still his partners, dis­ Iowa, engaged in farming. Thence emigrated covered the famous Prussian mine, but did not to Colorado during the noted "Pike's Peak" begin active development of the same until May, gold excitement. After spending two years 1879. They now have on it a main shaft 175 prospecting and mining at Gold Hill and vicin­ feet in depth and five tunnels of various length, ity, he settled on a farm near Longmont, in the measuring altogether about 700 feet, and also St. Vrain Valley, and there, in a small way, three ore houses. This mine is regarded as began building up a stock-growing and farming among the most valuable and productive in the business. Through industry, his acquisitions county, and is located on Left Hand Creek, in now embrace several fine farms and valuable the midst of a very rich mining district. Mr. herds of cattle. He is also the owner of prop­ Zweck was married in 1866 to Miss Mary erty in the town of Longmont, and has contrib­ Greube, of Boulder County, and has a family uted much to its real estate improvement by of three children.

MISCELLANEOUS.

NATHAN B. COy. he was called to attend to his father's business Nathan B. Coy, was born in Ithaca, Tomp­ in Ohio during his father's absence, on account kins Co., N. V., Aug. 30, 1847. In 1856, his of ill health. In the fall of 1871, he became a father's family removed to Sandusky, Ohio, teacher in Hasbrouck's Institute, Jersey City, where tbe subject of this sketch remained until N. J., remaining there until 1873, when he ac­ 1863, when he left home for Williston Seminary cepted a position as Instructor in Greek and at Easthampton, Mass. ; there he spent two Latin in Hanover College in Indiana. The fol­ years as a student preparing for college, taking lowing year he was Principal for a time of one high rank in all his studies, and graduating at of the New York City Grammar Schools, and the head of his class. His health becoming subsequently as a teacher in Betts Military impaired by too close application to study, and Academy, at Stamford, Conn. In May, 1875, having a predisposition to pulmonary disease, he was appointed Instructor in Latin at Phillips after passing his examination, and being ad­ Academy, Andover, Mass., where his brother mitted to Yale College, he discontinued his was, and still is, Instructor in Greek, but was studies for a time, and returned to his home in prevented by a recurrence of ill health from oc­ Ohio, where he spent a year in obtaining much- cupying the position. He was married in New needed rest and recuperation. Returning to Haven, Conn., Jan. 12, 1876, to Miss Helen F. Yale in 1866, he remained until his graduation Parish, a daughter of Prof. Ariel Parish, Super­ in course in 1870. After graduating from col­ intendent of schools of that city. Prof. Parish is one of the most noted teachers of New En­ lege, he taught for a time in French Institute ». at Port Washington, N, Y., from which position gland, being frequently alluded to as " the later J is (B T" < 710 BIOGRAPHICAL.

Horace Mann." Although over seventy years of came associated with O. J. Hollistcr in the pub­ age, he Is still actively engaged in his profession, lication of the Black Hawk Mining Journal, having over 200 teachers under his supervision. and there began his editorial career, which he Immediately after his marriage, Mr. Coy left pursued with untiring devotion down to for the Bermudas in search of health, returning December 1, 1879. In the fall of 1864, he was in May, of the same year, apparently much im­ elected to the Territorial Legislature, and while proved by his trip. But in less than two in this service was appointed Territorial Secre­ months a recurrence of severe hemorrhages tary by President Johnson, and assumed the convinced him that he must seek a drier cli­ duties of the office May 2,1806. He was twice mate. Coming to Colorado in August, 1870, re-appointed by President Grant, and retired he visited various points in the State, and final­ April 1, 1874, after eight years' faithful service. ly settled in Denver. For a number of years In 1865, he purchased a half-interest in the he has been farming in Jefferson Co., but is at Miners Register at Central City, and a year or present teaching in Denver. Mrs. Coy has been two later took editorial charge of the paper, for the past four years a highly successful and which was continued until 1877, when he re­ popular teacher in the Denver High School. moved to Denver, and entered the office of the Mr. Coy is a gentleman of scholastic attain­ United States Marshal as Chief Deputy. On ments, literary culture and great personal pop­ the 10th of June. 1878, he became managing ularity, and few men have made so wide a cir­ editor of the Daily Times, from which position cle of strong personal friends as he, during his he retired December 1,1879, to open the Great few years' residence in the State. Western Mining Agency, in association with Prof. J. Alden Smith, State Geologist. Mr. Hall GEN. FRANK HALL. has been identified with Colorado in a conspicu­ The subject of this sketch was born in the ous manner for many years, and has seen it grow city of Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co., N. Y., March from a sparsely settled Territory to a rich and 4, 1836. Three years later, his father died, and prosperous State, One of its leading journal­ he was sent shortly afterward to reside with ists, it was his duty to study the possibilities of relatives in the smalltown of Southville, on the the new West in which he had taken up his Housatonie River, in Litchfield County, Conn. abode, and to-day there are few men better ac­ At the end of five years, having meanwhile quainted with its many characteristics. Closely mastered the common-school branches, he re­ connected with politics, he has done much to turned to New York and entered Kingston mold public sentiment, while to the advance­ Academy. Completing his studies at this noted ment of its mining and commercial interests, he institute, at the end of two and a half years, he brought a practical knowledge! which has proven took up his residence in the city of Syracuse. highly valuable. As acting Governor of the In the winter of 1858-59, he went to St. Louis, Territory, his upright, straightforward and intel­ and, in the spring of 1860, crossed the plains, in ligent conduct of public affairs, gained for him company with three others, with an ox team the confidence of the people. Por years he was and a full outfit of miners' supplies. Locat­ virtually the chief executive officer, and in ing on Spanish Bar, Clear Creel. County, the 1808, the Governor being absent in Washing­ party engaged in mining with varying success ton, he presided over the Legislature, wrote for two years, when Mr. Hall removed to Cen­ and delivered the annual message, and per­ tral City, and became a quartz miner on the formed all the duties pertaining to the execu­ Gregory Lode. In the winter of 1863, he be­ tive office. In the following year, a destruct- US- r MISCELLANEOUS. 7 Iii ivc Indian war visited our borders, and upon his faith was born of knowledge. Mr. Hall is him fell the responsibility of utilizing all the at present residing in Denver, and is the Adju­ slender means at his disposal for the protection tant General of the State. of a wide and illy guarded frontier. Slight as was the assistance given him by the General RICHARD M. HUBBELL. Government, he succeeded in a most admirable R. M. Hubbell, junior member of the mer­ manner. Throughout the State Mr. Hall is well cantile firm of McFarland, Hubbell & Co., of known and popular. By his probity and abil­ Longmont, was born in Howard County, Mo., ity, he has gained the respect of a large circle of in January, 1840. He attended district school his fellow-citizens, and this feeling is as warm until fifteen years of age, then served an appren­ among the new-comers as it is among those who ticeship at the printer's trade. During the war knew him during the dark days of tho Terri­ of the rebellion, he served four years in the Con­ tory. When he retired from journalism to en­ federate army. He subsequently went to Rich­ ter a new field of endeavor, the regard in which mond, Mo., and embarked in the mercantile he was held by his'newspaper brethren was business. In 1874, he came to Colorado and manifested by many kindly expressions of re­ located in Longmont, and during the fall of that gret and hearty God-speed which were very year again engaged in mercantile pursuits. complimentary. Few men are more thoroughly Mr. Hubbell was married in the fall of 1870 to acquainted with the past and present of the Miss Anna R. Ferguson, of Estes Dark, and has State or more hopeful of its future than he. He two sons. has labored long and well in its interests, and

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