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Ondonata: Gomphidae) in Missouri and Arkansas George L Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 55 Article 7 2001 Distribution and Status of Ophiogomphus westfalli (Ondonata: Gomphidae) in Missouri and Arkansas George L. Harp Arkansas State University Linden Trial Missouri Dept. of Conservation Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Harp, George L. and Trial, Linden (2001) "Distribution and Status of Ophiogomphus westfalli (Ondonata: Gomphidae) in Missouri and Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 55 , Article 7. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol55/iss1/7 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 55 [2001], Art. 7 Distribution and Status of Ophiogomphus westfalli (Odonata Gomphidae) in Missouri and Arkansas George L.Harp* Linden Trial Department of Biological Sciences Fish &Wildlife Res. Center Arkansas State University Missouri Dept. of Conservation State University, AR 72467 1110 South College Ave. Columbia, MO 65201 *< jrresponding Author Abstract Ophiogomphus westfalli is endemic to the Interior Highlands (Ozark Plateaus and Ouachita Mountains), in Missouri, A kansas and southeastern Kansas. First described inl985, its life history is still littleknown. Prior to 1997, this species was known from only six sites inMissouri and 10 inArkansas. From late May through lateJuly inboth 1999 and 2000 we surveyed 49 sites, three ofthem twice each, onMissouri Ozark streams inorder to further clarify the distribution and relative abundance of this dragonfly. Adults, nymphs and/or exuviae were found at 23 sites. Literature and museum searches bring to 72 locations in Missouri and 10 in Arkansas where this species has been found. Small to moderate-sized populations, restricted to the Interior Highlands, are known from at least 82 locations. Therefore, it is recommended that its global and Missouri rankings be changed from G2 and S2 to G3 and S3, respectively. Distribution and abundance of this species needs further study in Arkansas. Introduction topped mountains, long, deep valleys, steep cliffs and ledges, and clear, spring-fed streams. Principle geologic for- Ophiogomphus westfalli (Westfall's snaketail dragonfly) mations include Ordovician limestone and dolomite, was described by Cook and Daigle ( 1985) from specimens Pennsylvanian sandstone, and Pennsylvanian and collected in Arkansas and Missouri. It characteristically Ordovician shales. Soils are primarily residual, and vegeta- inhabits second- to fifth-order streams throughout the tion is mostly upland hardwood forests of white oak, red oak Interior Highlands (Fig. 1). Nymphs typically burrow in and hickory (Robison and Buchanan, 1988). While lime- sand/gravel substrates. Upon emergence, the teneral indi- stone and dolomite often impart great alkalinity to the viduals move away from the stream into nearby clearings, water, a wide range of both alkalinity and water hardness such as old fields, until their bodies harden and the has been recorded. reproductive systems mature. Here, they perch onlow veg- The Ouachita Mountains are a series of long, narrow etation. Mature males return to the stream where they char- ridges with east-west axes. The ridges are separated by wide acteristically perch on gravel bars, streamside emergent veg- valleys, each drained by a river or stream. Principle geolog- etation or dead twigs. Males also periodically patrol at the ic formations in this province are Paleozoic sedimentary head of clearly delineated riffles, watching for females sandstone and shale ranging in age from Cambrian or returning to the water for mating and subsequent oviposi- Ordovician through Pennsylvanian, which were warped, tion (Needham et al., 2000; Dunkle, 2000). The species is twisted and folded under tremendous pressure. Soils are currently classified globally as G2 and in Missouri and derived from shale and sandstone, with recent alluvium in Arkansas as S2. the bottomlands of the main rivers. Shortleaf pine, upland Description of the Area.--The Interior Highlands are a hardwood and bottomland hardwood forests predominate ad geographic region lying within Arkansas, Missouri, (Robison and Buchanan, 1988). Water hardness, alkalinity erne eastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas. The and pH all tend to be lower in Ouachita streams than in ;hlands were formed by uplifting, folding and faulting those of the Ozark Plateaus. cesses during the Pennsylvanian Period, approximately mya. Elevation ranges from 80 to over 900 m. The Methods hlands include two divisions, the larger northern Ozark eaus Physiographic Province and the smaller southern Forty-nine sites on Missouri Ozark streams were sur- ichita Mountains Province (Robison and Buchanan, veyed for adult Westfall's snaketails and associated odonate species, three of them twice. Sampling was conducted from IThe Ozark Plateaus are characterized by rugged, flat- late May through lateJuly inboth 1999 and 2000. Locations Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 55, 2001 43 Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 2001 43 Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 55 [2001], Art. 7 Distribution and Status of Ophiogomphus westfalli (Odonata: Gomphidae) inMissouri and Arkansas were typically first selected from maps, based upon stream (Figure 1, Table 2). A complete list of associated odonate size and accessibility. Approximately two to three hours species and preliminary results of the aquatic macroinverte- were devoted to the visual search for dragonflies at each site. brate survey were reported byHarp and Trial (2000). Many Stream banks, gravel bars and nearby open areas (e.g. old new locations resulted from corrected identifications of 0. fields) were examined along and to either side of an axis westfalli nymphs (originally identified as Emetogomphus desig- approximating 400 m along the stream bed. Typically, one natus) in MDC benthic samples housed in the Enns voucher specimen was collected of each species observed. Entomology Museum. Several additional records resulted Sight identifications were occasionally made for netted spec- from the MDC state-wide survey of dragonflies. Locations imens which were subsequently released. Populations of sampled, numbers of 0. westfallirecorded and an evaluation Opiogomphus westfalli were considered to be small ifonly one of the habitat suitability for this dragonfly are summarized or two, or moderate ifseveral (five+), adult individuals were by river basin. observed within the search area. At 45 of the 49 sites and at Elk River Basin.- Ophiogomphus westfalli was found at the same time adults were collected, nymphs and associated four of the five sites surveyed. Adults were recorded on Big aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected by Turtox Sugar Creek, while nymphs were found in DNR samples Indestructible™ dip net. Specimens from this study are from Indian and Mikes creeks. Low numbers were found, deposited in the Aquatic Macroinvertebrate and Adult but the population appears to be widespread in this river Odonata Collections of the Arkansas State University basin. Stream turbidity was low,gradient was adequate and Museum of Zoology. the substrate was appropriate for this species. The Elk River All known sources of records were canvassed. mainstem and other tributaries may support this dragonfly Individual collectors who provided records are Tim Vogt, and need to be searched. Illinois State Museum; John Belshe, Central Missouri State Spring River Basin.~The target species was recorded at University; Randy Sarver, Missouri Department of Natural fiveofeight sites. Moderate numbers were present inupper Resources; and Jane Walker and Joe Smentowski. A Shoal Creek but not at two sites downstream. Center Creek, Missouri Department of Conservation state-wide survey of from which nymphs were collected in 1961 (Cook and dragonflies added several records. The University of Daigle, 1985), is now quite turbid and was not sampled. The Missouri Enns Entomology Museum contains specimens. In lower reaches of Spring River inMissouri show degradation Arkansas, a concentrated effort made by approximately 30 from silt, making the stream more turbid than 0. westfalli members of the Dragonfly Society of the Americas yielded prefers. Nitrogen and phosphorus are increasing the algal 65 adult 0. westfalli from a 1 km reach during a six-hour blooms, which can shade lower water levels and increase period along the South Fork of the Spring River near Hardy biochemical demand (BOD) as these algae die. Nymphs on 2June 1990. were collected from Spring River and Shoal Creek by the MDC in 1964- 65. 0. westfalli populations appear to be Results and Discussion widespread but with low numbers. White River Basin.-The populations are widespread Earliest records of Ophiogomphus westfalli identified it as (eight of 10 sites) but generally low innumbers. Moderate Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis. Williamson's (1932) specimens
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