MANSOOR AHMAD, D. Sc
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Pharmacognosy, Phytochemical Study and Antioxidant Activity of Sterculia Rubiginosa Zoll
Pharmacogn J. 2018; 10(3):571-575. A Multifaceted Journal in the field of Natural Products and Pharmacognosy Original Article www.phcogj.com | www.journalonweb.com/pj | www.phcog.net Pharmacognosy, Phytochemical Study and Antioxidant Activity of Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll. Ex Miq. Leaves Rini Prastiwi1,2*, Berna Elya2, Rani Sauriasari3, Muhammad Hanafi4, Ema Dewanti1 ABSTRACT Introduction: Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll ex.Miq leaves have been used as traditional medicine in Indonesia. There is no report about pharmacognosy and phytochemical study with this plant.Objective: The main aim of this research is to establish pharmacognosy, phytochemical study and antioxidant activity of Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll.ex. Miq. Leaves. The plant used to cure many diseases of Indonesia. Methods: In the present study, pharmacognosy and phyto- 1,2* chemical study of plant material were performed as per the Indonesian Herb Pharmacopoeia. Rini Prastiwi , Berna Results: Microscopy powder of Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll.ex. Miq. Leaves shows star shape Elya2, Rani Sauriasari3, trichoma as a specific fragment. Physicochemical parameters including total ash (17.152 %), Muhammad Hanafi4, acid-insoluble ash (0.922 %), water-soluble extractive (1.610 % w/w), alcohol-soluble extractive Ema Dewanti1 (4.524 % w/w), hexane-soluble extractive (4.005 % w/w), and ethyl acetate-soluble extractive (3.160 % w/w) were evaluated. Phytochemical screening of ethanol extracts showed the 1Department of Pharmacognosy- presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids-terpenoids, glycosides, and phenols. And Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy absent of saponins and Anthraquinones. Antioxidant activity with IC50 157, 4665 ppm and and Science Muhammadiyah Prof.Dr. flavonoid total was 59.436 mg/g quercetin equivalent. -
Sources of Crude Drug, Plant Families, Biogenesis of Phytochemicals
1 Sources of Crude Drug, Plant Families, Biogenesis of Phytochemicals SOURCES OF CRUDE DRUG Plant Oldest source of drugs. 25% of the drugs prescribed worldwide come from plants More than 200 drugs considered as basic and essential by the World Health Organisation (WHO) Significant number of synthetic drugs obtained from natural precursors. Example: Digoxin from Digitalis species, quinine and quinidine from Cinchona species, vincristrine and vinblastine from Catharanthus roseus, atropine from Atropa belladonna and morphine and codeine from Papaver somniferum. Animal Second largest source of crude drugs. Example: Honey from honeybee, beeswax from bees, cod liver oil from shark, bufalin from toad, animal pancreas is a source of Insulin, musk oil from musk, spermaceti wax from sperm whale, woolfat from sheep, carminic acid from colchineal, venoms from snake Mineral Highly purified form of naturally occurring mineral substances is used in medicine Example: Sulphur is a key ingredient in certain bacteriostatic drugs, shilajit is used as tonic, calamine is used as anti-itching agent Marine Major part of earth is covered with water bodies and hence bioactive compounds from marine flora and fauna (microorganisms, algae, fungi, invertebrates, and 1 Contd… 2 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry: A Companion Handbook vertebrates) have extensive past and present use in the treatment of many diseases Marine Serve as compounds of interest both in their natural form and as templates for synthetic modification. Several molecules isolated from various -
Pharmacognosy: Science of Natural Products in Drug Discovery Ilkay Erdogan Orhan* Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
Orhan, BioImpacts, 2014, 4(3), 109-110 doi: 10.15171/bi.2014.001 TUOMS http://bi.tbzmed.ac.ir/ Publishing BioImpacts Group Editorial Pharmacognosy: Science of natural products in drug discovery Ilkay Erdogan Orhan* Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey A R T I C L E I N F O Summary AUTHOR B I O S K E T C H Article History: Pharmacognosy deals with the natural drugs obtained from Prof. Dr. Orhan obtained her Received: 15 Sep. 2014 organisms such as most plants, microbes, and animals. Up to PhD degree in Accepted: 21 Sep. 2014 date, many important drugs including morphine, atropine, Pharmacognosy ePublished: 22 Sep. 2014 from Faculty galanthamine, etc. have originated from natural sources which of Pharmacy, continue to be good model molecules in drug discovery. Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey Keywords: Traditional medicine is also a part of pharmacognosy and most in 2002. She is Pharmacognosy of the third world countries still depend on the use of herbal Young Affiliate Representative of Natural products the Central & South Asia region medicines. Consequently, pharmacognosy always keeps its (ROCASA) of Third World Academy Herbal medicine popularity in pharmaceutical sciences and plays a critical role in of Sciences (TWAS) for the period Pharmacy of 2011-2016. She is now affiliated drug discovery. as full professor at Gazi University. Her research interests are inhibitory activity of natural products against enzymes, phytochemistry, and marine natural products. natural product is a chemical substance produced of the prescription drugs dispensed in the United States by living organisms such as plants, mushrooms, contain at least one active ingredient of plant origin.3 animals, and microorganisms. -
Natural Products. a History of Success and Continuing Promise for Drug Discovery and Development
Natural Products. A History of Success and Continuing Promise for Drug Discovery and Development Gordon M. Cragg NIH Special Volunteer [email protected] David J. Newman Natural Products Branch Developmental Therapeutics Program National Cancer Institute EARLY DOCUMENTATION OF USE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/collections/archives/index.html • Mesopotamian ~2,600 B. C. E. • Egyptian ~ 1,800 B. C. E. • Chinese – ~1,100 B. C. E. and continuing • Indian ~ 1,000 B. C. E. and continuing • Greek ~ 500 B. C. E. Greco-Roman expertise preserved and coordinated with other traditions by Islamic cultures during the Dark Ages ~ 400-1,100 CE Avicenna. Persian pharmacist, physician, poet, philosopher author: canon medicinae – “final codification of Greco-Roman medicine” Great Moments in Pharmacy Collection APhA Traditional Medicine and Drug Discovery • 80% of the world population resides in developing countries • 80% of people in developing countries utilize plants to meet their primary health care needs • Global pop. ca. 7 billion ca. 4.5 billion people utilize plants to meet their primary health care needs Farnsworth NR, et al. Medicinal Plants in Therapy. Bull. W.H.O. 63:965-981 (1985) Fabricant and Farnsworth, EnViron. Health Perspect. 109, 69-75 (2001) Cordell and Clovard, J. Nat. Prod., 75, 514-525 (2012) Norman Farnsworth 1800s. Discovery of some active principles of major herbal preparations Newman and Cragg. Natural Product Chemistry for Drug Discovery, eds. Buss and Butler, M. S., Royal Soc. Chem., Cambridge, 2010, pp. 3-27 European chemists (apothecaries) revolutionized drug discovery and development. 1817. Sertϋrner reports isolation of morphine from Papaver somniferum. -
Pharmacognosy of Plants
nd M y a ed OPEN ACCESS Freely available online g ic lo i o n i e B Biology and Medicine ISSN: 0974-8369 Editorial Pharmacognosy of Plants Mohamed G Elfaki* Scientist, Professor of Microbiology, Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia Pharmacognosy is the think about of plants or other common grown medication, chemistry, biotechnology, phytochemistry, sources as a conceivable source of drugs. The American Society pharmacology, pharmaceutics, clinical drug store and drug store of Pharmacognosy characterizes pharmacognosy as "the ponder practice. of the physical, chemical, biochemical, and organic properties of Medical Ethnobotany: The ponder of the conventional utilize of drugs, medicate substances, or potential drugs or sedate substances plants for restorative purposes. of common beginning as well as the seek for modern drugs from normal sources". The word "pharmacognosy" is inferred from two Ethnopharmacology: The ponder of the pharmacological Greek words pharmakon (medicate), and gnosis (information) or the qualities of conventional therapeutic substances; the consider Latin verb cognosco (con, 'with', and gnosco, 'know'; itself a cognate of phytotherapy (the restorative utilize of plant extricates); and of the Greek verb gignosko, meaning 'I know, perceive'), meaning phytochemistry, the consider of chemicals inferred from plants 'to conceptualize' or 'to recognize'. The term "pharmacognosy" was (counting the recognizable proof of unused medicate candidates utilized for the primary time by the Austrian doctor Schmidt in determined from plant sources). The carotenoids in primrose 1811 and 1815 by Crr. Anotheus Seydler in work titled Analecta create shinning ruddy, yellow and orange shades. -
Pharmacognosy
AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education Page 1 of 5 www.accessscience.com Pharmacognosy Contributed by: Richard A. Deno Publication year: 2014 The general biology, biochemistry, and economics of nonfood natural products of value in medicine, pharmacy, and other health professions. The products studied are of biologic origin, either plant or animal. They may consist of entire organs, mixtures obtained by exudation or extraction, or chemicals obtained by extraction and subsequent purification. Pharmacognosy literally means knowledge of drugs, as do pharmacology and pharmacy. The center of interest in pharmacology, however, is on the mode of action of all drugs on the animal body, particularly on humans. In pharmacy major attention is directed toward provision of suitable dosage forms, their production and distribution. Pharmacognosy is restricted to natural products with attention centered on sources of drugs, plant and animal, and on the biosynthesis and identity of their pharmacodynamic constituents. Sources of materials Organs, or occasionally entire plants or animals, are dried or frozen for preservation and are termed crude drugs. They may be used medicinally in essentially this form, as in the case of the cardiac drug, digitalis, or the endocrine drug, thyroid, or as sources of mixtures or of chemicals obtained by processes of extraction. Mixtures obtained by exudation from living plants include such drugs as opium, turpentine, and acacia. Processes of extraction are required to obtain such mixtures as peppermint oil (steam distillation), podophyllum resin (percolation), and parathyroid extract (solution). For a discussion of classes of natural products with medically significant members of this type See also: ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE WAX ; ESSENTIAL OILS; FAT AND OIL (FOOD); GUM; TERPENE. -
Bioengineering of Important Secondary Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways in Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.)
Journal of Medicinal Plants Bioengineering of Important Secondary Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) 1* 2 3 Mehrafarin A (Ph.D. Student)1 , Qaderi A (Ph.D. Student) , 4Rezazadeh Sh (Ph.D.)5 , Naghdi Badi H (Ph.D.) , Noormohammadi Gh (Ph.D.) , Zand E (Ph.D.) 1- Department of Cultivation and Development, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran 2- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran 3- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran 4- Department of Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran 5- Department of Weed Research, Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute, Tehran, Iran *Corresponding author: Culture and Research (ACECR), Kavosh Boulevard, Supa Boulevard, 55th Kilometer of Tehran-Gazvin Freeway, Pouleh Kordan, Karaj, Iran Tel: +98-261-4764010-19, Fax: +98-261- 4764021 Email: [email protected] Receive: 21 Jul. 2010 Acceptance: 4 Sep. 2010 Abstract Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) has a long and respected history of medicinal uses in Middle East and Persian medicine. The hypocholesterolaemic and hypoglycaemic effects of fenugreek were attributed to its major steroidal sapogenin, diosgenin and its major alkaloid, Downloaded from jmp.ir at 8:30 +0330 on Thursday October 7th 2021 trigonelline. The knowledge of diosgenin and trigonelline biosynthesis is derived from studies of cholesterol and nicotinic acid production through acetyl-CoA→ mevalonate→ isopentenyl pyrophosphate→ squalene→ lanosterol→ cholesterol→ diosgenin and quinolinic acid→ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide→ nicotinamide→ nicotinic acid→ trigonelline pathways, respectively. This paper reviews the secondary metabolites and metabolic pathways of diosgenin and trigonelline production in fenugreek as a medicinal plant and economical crop. -
College of Pharmacy Research Day Program
1 Dean’s Message The renaissance taking place in the overall health sector in the Kingdom does not coincide with the pharmaceutical services available at the present time, where pharmaceutical services are still incapable of coping with this renaissance. This is due to the suffering of the pharmaceutical service sector from the severe shortage in the number of pharmacists and the level of service provided to patients, where studies affirmed that the job market in Saudi Arabia needs more than seventeen thousand pharmacist to work in different health sectors until 1445 H (2026), and that the job market is also suffering from a shortage of qualified personnel specialized in the area of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Dr. Yousif A. Asiri Given the importance of upgrading the level of pharmaceutical sciences and the research skills, the College of Pharmacy has initiated an Annual Research Day to encourage faculty members, graduate students and undergraduate students to actively participate in the research process. This integration is pioneer to the academic culture in Saudi Arabia, and it is expected to move the research environment to an advanced level. Finally, I would like to thank the organizing committee, faculty and administration members, as well as participating students for the great effort they had to put in order to make this idea a reality. Last but not least, I would like to extend special thanks to Dr. Hisham Aljadhey, Vice-Dean for Academic Affairs, for initiating this event. 2 Organizing Committee Dr. Aws Alshamsan Assistant Professor of Nanobiotechnology Department of Pharmaceutics Dr. Hesham Korashy Assistant professor of Molecular Toxicology Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Dr. -
The Scope of Pharmacognosy Today & Tomorrow
International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Chinese Medicine ISSN: 2576-4772 The Scope of Pharmacognosy Today & Tomorrow 1 2 Taviad K * and Vekariya S Editorial 1Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Gujarat Ayurved University, Volume 2 Issue 1 India Received Date: February 02, 2018 Published Date: February 08, 2018 2Department of Dravyaguna, Gujarat Ayurved University, India *Corresponding author: Krushnkumar Taviad, PhD Scholar, Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Gujarat, India, E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Pharmacognosy, derived from the Greek words diseases in human beings and as well as it helps for the “pharmakon” (drug) and “gnosis” (knowledge), is the study manufacturers or in pharmacies. of medicinal drugs derived from plants or other natural sources [1]. Healing with medicinal plants is as old as Field of Pharmacognosy mankind itself. Herbal medicines as the major remedy in ancient system of medicine are employed in medical a) The study of the medicinal properties of natural practices since antiquity. The documents many of which products, for the purposes of drug discovery and are of great antiquity, unconcealed that plants were used understanding how dietary supplements work. medicinally in India, china, Egypt and Greece long before b) The development and use of analytical methods for the beginning of the Common Era [2]. The Indian holy quality control of natural products in the marketplace. books Vedas mention treatment with plants, which are c) The study of the use of traditional remedies by native abundant in that country. Numerous spice plants used cultures. -
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Screening of Some Plant Derived Medicine to Treat Dysmenorrheal Pain by the Rajbanshi Community
Pharmacogn J. 2018; 10(4):738-746 A Multifaceted Journal in the field of Natural Products and Pharmacognosy Original Article www.phcogj.com | www.journalonweb.com/pj | www.phcog.net Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Screening of some Plant Derived Medicine to Treat Dysmenorrheal Pain by the Rajbanshi Community Priyankar Roy1, Palash Mandal1*, Subhasis Panda2, Sonia Mitra Roy 3, Arunika Subba1 ABSTRACT Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a sort of painful menstrual disorder. Several plants like Allium sativum L., Areca catechu L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Crinum amoenum Ker Gawl. Ex Roxb, Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Nymphaea rubra Roxb. Ex Andrews, Piper nigrum L., Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck were used in appropriate ratio to make herbal formulation to cure dysmen- orrheal pain by the traditional healers of Rajbanshi community. Objective: By semi-structured Priyankar Roy1, questionnaires in the course of scheduled interviews with the local herbal practitioners, four Palash Mandal1*, herbal formulations (coded as DYS1, DYS2, DYS3 and DYS4) were recorded. Pharmacognostic Subhasis Panda2, characterization was carried out for the authentication of the powder drugs which includes Sonia Mitra3, powder microscopy, fluorescence analysis and physicochemical evaluation. The presence of 1 any therapeutic potential in DYS1, DYS2, DYS3 and DYS4 was determined by qualitative evalu- Arunika Subba ation of phytochemicals of various successive solvent extracts based on their polarity. Thin layer chromatography was performed for screening various phyto-active compounds like ar- 1Plant Physiology and Pharmacognosy butin, alkaloids, coumarins, cardiac glycoside, etc. Results: Powder microscopy revealed the Research Laboratory, Department of presence of calcium oxalate crystal, stone cells etc. Various fluorescence colors were exhib- Botany, University of North Bengal, ited by these herbal drugs under UV after reacting with chemical reagents. -
Plant Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis and Transcriptional Regulation in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions
agronomy Review Plant Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis and Transcriptional Regulation in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions Rahmatullah Jan 1,2,† , Sajjad Asaf 3,† , Muhammad Numan 4, Lubna 5 and Kyung-Min Kim 1,2,* 1 Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; [email protected] 2 Costal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea 3 Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; [email protected] 4 Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; [email protected] 5 Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors contribute equally to this manuscript. Abstract: Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play important roles in plant survival and in creating ecological connections between other species. In addition to providing a variety of valuable natural products, secondary metabolites help protect plants against pathogenic attacks and environmental stresses. Given their sessile nature, plants must protect themselves from such situations through ac- cumulation of these bioactive compounds. Indeed, secondary metabolites act as herbivore deterrents, barriers against pathogen invasion, and mitigators of oxidative stress. The accumulation of SMs Citation: Jan, R.; Asaf, S.; Numan, are highly dependent on environmental factors such as light, temperature, soil water, soil fertility, M.; Lubna; Kim, K.-M. Plant and salinity. For most plants, a change in an individual environmental factor can alter the content Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites even if other factors remain constant. -
The History of Phytotherapy and Pharmacognosy
HISTORY OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOGNOSY (compiled by Milan Nagy) PREHISTORIC EVIDENCE Where, in the eons of human evolution do we begin to chronicle the history of herba- lism? Archaeological studies at Shanidar in Iraq have shown that the eight species of pollen grains found at the burial site reveal that seven of these were plants that are still commonly used as folk medicine throughout the world. These include yarrow (Achillea), marshmallow (Althaea), groundsel (Senecio), centaury (Centaurea), ephedra and muscari. There are no de- finite reasons why Neanderthal man (ca. 60.000 B.C.) included these plants in their burial rites, but it is suggested that they were intended to "exert a beneficial effect on every impor- tant part of the body, and may have been chosen to fortify the dead man in his journey to ano- ther world." NEW STONE AGE (8,000 TO 5,000 B.C.) Transition from the paleolithic to neolithic period - from a food gathering to a food producing economy. Stone was polished, creating tools to clear trees, help farming. Lake- dwellers cultivated or gathered over two hundred different plants, among which are not a few that possess medicinal qualities: Papaver somniferum, Sambucus ebulus, Fumaria officinalis, Verbena officinalis, Saponaria officinalis, Menyanthes trifoliata., etc.. In the history of phytotherapy (herbalism), women prepared food and healing potions - women generally practiced herbalism on a day to day basis, as well as took care of the ills of other members of the family or tribal unit. However, throughout history, men compiled the remedies and wrote them down, which is why nearly all the herbals are by men.