Plant Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis and Transcriptional Regulation in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions
agronomy Review Plant Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis and Transcriptional Regulation in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions Rahmatullah Jan 1,2,† , Sajjad Asaf 3,† , Muhammad Numan 4, Lubna 5 and Kyung-Min Kim 1,2,* 1 Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; rehmatbot@yahoo.com 2 Costal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea 3 Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; sajadasif2000@gmail.com 4 Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; mnuman@bs.qau.edu.pk 5 Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; lubnabilal68@gmail.com * Correspondence: kkm@knu.ac.kr † These authors contribute equally to this manuscript. Abstract: Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play important roles in plant survival and in creating ecological connections between other species. In addition to providing a variety of valuable natural products, secondary metabolites help protect plants against pathogenic attacks and environmental stresses. Given their sessile nature, plants must protect themselves from such situations through ac- cumulation of these bioactive compounds. Indeed, secondary metabolites act as herbivore deterrents, barriers against pathogen invasion, and mitigators of oxidative stress. The accumulation of SMs Citation: Jan, R.; Asaf, S.; Numan, are highly dependent on environmental factors such as light, temperature, soil water, soil fertility, M.; Lubna; Kim, K.-M. Plant and salinity. For most plants, a change in an individual environmental factor can alter the content Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites even if other factors remain constant.
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