Étude Des Interactions Entre La Fonction Rénale, La Thrombose Artérielle Et La Thrombose Veineuse Par Une Approche Génétique Romain Charmet

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Étude Des Interactions Entre La Fonction Rénale, La Thrombose Artérielle Et La Thrombose Veineuse Par Une Approche Génétique Romain Charmet Étude des interactions entre la fonction rénale, la thrombose artérielle et la thrombose veineuse par une approche génétique Romain Charmet To cite this version: Romain Charmet. Étude des interactions entre la fonction rénale, la thrombose artérielle et la throm- bose veineuse par une approche génétique. Médecine humaine et pathologie. Sorbonne Université, 2018. Français. NNT : 2018SORUS392. tel-02613797 HAL Id: tel-02613797 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02613797 Submitted on 20 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE` DE DOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITE´ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE Sp´ecialit´e Epid´emiologieg´en´etique´ Supervis´eepar l'´ecoledoctorale Pierre Louis de sant´epublique : Epid´emiologieet´ sciences de l'information biom´edicale Sujet de la th`ese: Etude´ des interactions entre la fonction r´enale,la thrombose art´erielleet la thrombose veineuse par une approche g´en´etique Soutenue par Romain Charmet Pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l'universit´ePierre et Marie Curie Pr´epar´eeau laboratoire UMRS1166 - Maladies cardiovasculaires, du m´etabolisme et de la nutrition dirig´eepar Dr David-Alexandre Tr´egou¨et 23 Mai 2018 Jury : M. David-Alexandre Tr´egou¨et Directeur de th`ese Mme. Florence Demenais-Diao Rapportrice et pr´esidente du jury M. Joseph Emmerich Rapporteur M. Fr´ed´ericFumeron Examinateur Mme. Genevieve Plu-Bureau Examinatrice Why, sometimes I've believed as many as six impossible things before breakfast. Quelquefois, j'ai cru jusqu’`asix choses impossibles avant le petit d´ejeuner. Lewis Carroll - Alice de l'autre c^ot´edu miroir Remerciements Il n'est pas de travail bien achev´esans rendre hommage `aceux qui y ont contribu´epar leurs actions ou par leur soutien. Cette th`esene saurait d´eroger`ala r`egleet je commence- rai donc par remercier toutes les personnes qui m'ont apport´eleur assistance durant cette p´eriode. Bien que la liste des personnes que je dois remercier soit grande je vais t^acher d'^etre exhaustif. En premier lieu, je tiens `aremercier mon directeur de th`eseDavid Tr´egou¨et,qui m'a offert l'opportunit´ed’effectuer cette th`ese,m'a accompagn´edurant toute la dur´eede mon travail et qui m'a permis de d´ecouvrirle monde de la recherche acad´emique.Je tiens ´egalement `aremercier les membres de mon jury de th`esequi ont pris le temps de s'y int´eresser.Mes rapporteurs, Monsieur Joseph Emmerich ainsi que Madame Florence Demenais, qui ont ac- cept´ede relire le manuscrit et m'ont permis de le perfectionner. Mes examinateurs, Monsieur Fr´ed´ericFumeron et Madame Genevieve Plu-Bureau, qui ont eu la gentillesse de bien vou- loir participer `al'´evaluation de mon travail. Enfin, je remercie Laurence Tiret pour m'avoir accept´een tant que stagiaire dans le laboratoire et qui m'a mis le pied `al'´etrier,ainsi que Sophie Garnier qui m'a pr´esent´el'´equipe. Je remercie ´egalement tous mes coll`egueset collaborateurs, mes camarades de bureau Fran¸cois et Nadjim qui m'ont accueillis `amon arriv´eemais aussi tous les autres, Dylan, Ulrike, Vero- nica, T^et^e,Badreddine, Waqasuddin, Florian, B´eata,Marine, Varma, Anne-Sophie, Claire, Ar`es,Nathalie gr^ace`aqui j'ai pu me diriger dans le labyrinthe administratif de l'universit´e et Carole pour son b`ob´unet sans qui je n'aurais toujours pas de dentiste dans cette ville. Impossible d'oublier ´egalement mes coll`egueset amis, Henri et Gwladys, avec qui j'ai pu d´ecouvrirtoutes les sp´ecialit´esculinaires que la rive gauche et le centre avaient `aoffrir et avec qui j'ai pu partager d'agr´eables vacances en Normandie. Merci `aHenri pour avoir relu mon manuscrit et `aqui je dois d'ailleurs rendre une visite `aHambourg car on m'a dit le plus grand bien de leurs harengs pomme `al'huile. Enfin merci `aLeonardo que j'ai rencontr´elors d'un de mes d´eplacements et qui m'a fait la bonne surprise de me rendre visite `aParis. Merci `ames camarades doctorants, bien que certains d'entre eux auront d´ej`asoutenu leur th`ese au moment o`uje soutiendrai la mienne, Adeline, Pierre, H´elo¨ıse, Sophie, Dhoha et Veronica. Partager mes aventures avec vous a ´et´eenrichissant et tr`esamusant. Naturellement, je remercie ma famille qui m'a bien ´evidemment soutenue durant cette p´eriode. Ma m`erequi m'a rendu visite et avec qui j'ai pu profiter de la ville, mon p`erequi m'a tou- jours aid´ed`esque j'en ai eu le besoin. Mes grands-parents, dont je n'ai pas pu prendre des nouvelles r´eguli`erement mais `aqui j'ai souvent pens´e.Mathys mon cher fr`ereque je n'ai malheureusement pas pu voir autant que je l'aurais voulu durant cette p´eriode mais `aqui j'ai beaucoup pens´e,bien qu'il reste un emboucaneur de service. Mes sœurs Calypso et Pauline dont les visites ont toujours ´et´ebienvenues et enfin mon cousin Sacha avec qui j'ai pu passer de tr`esbon week-ends `aLyon qui m'ont permis de m'a´erer,la th`esem'a emp^ech´ede rester `aniveau avec lui mais qu'il ne s'inqui`etepas, je vais renfiler le kimono d`esque possible. Il y a aussi mes amis. Hien qui a ´et´el'ami le plus pr´esent pour moi `aParis. C´edricque je n'ai pas vu depuis un moment, mais comme on dit chez nous, c'est pas grave d'^etre`adache tant qu'on s'engatse pas ! Aur´elien,les deux Alex et Guillaume, mes compatriotes du sud avec qui j'ai fait partie de la "Massilia connection" `aParis. Kevin, Renaud et Moncef, mes camarades de lyc´eequi font aujourd'hui toujours partie de ma vie apr`estout ce temps. Oph´elieavec qui je partage ma mal´edictionde fatigue perp´etuelleet de cycle du sommeil compl`etement `a l'envers, nous nous en remettrons un jour... Astrid, min dansk lærer og min human vækkeur, tak for være dig. Un dernier merci `atous mes camarades du judo et du jiu-jitsu, c'est toujours un plaisir de pouvoir essuyer le tatami avec votre figure et inversement. No¨elet tous les boxeurs du club de Charenton, j'essaie de vous rendre visite d`esque je le pourrai. Arthur qui a eu la gentillesse de m'inviter `avenir `ason club, pratiquer avec toi est toujours un plaisir. Pour finir, je remercie tous ceux qui m'ont soutenu durant ma th`esesans m^ememe conna^ıtre, les musiciens du collectif New Retro Wave, je pense pas ^etrecapable de rester concentr´esans votre son. Toute l'´equipe de Creative Assembly et CDPR, continuez ce que vous faites. Les gens de Air France qui m'ont ´evit´ede louper des vols `achaque fois que je suis arriv´e`ala bourre. Mes camarades du forum libre qui m'ont racont´eleur vie quotidiennement. Enfin, les cuisiniers du Caf´edes anges, merci d'avoir eu l'id´eede m´elanger des frites avec du cantal fondu et du lard. Table des mati`eres 1 Introduction 1 1 Les maladies cardiovasculaires . .2 2 Les coronaropathies . .4 2.1 Physiopathologie . .4 2.2 Epid´emiologie.´ . .7 2.3 G´en´etique . .9 3 La thrombose veineuse . 11 3.1 Physiopathologie . 12 3.2 Epid´emiologie.´ . 14 3.3 G´en´etique . 16 4 Voies physiopathologiques partag´eesentre les coronaropathies et la thrombose veineuse . 18 5 Le diab`etesucr´e. 19 5.1 Physiopathologie . 20 5.2 G´en´etique . 22 5.3 Epid´emiologie.´ . 23 5.4 Complications associ´ees . 24 6 Le rein . 30 6.1 Anatomie du rein . 30 6.2 La fonction r´enale. 34 6.3 R^oledans les maladies cardiovasculaires . 38 7 Objectifs . 39 7.1 Les coronaropathies chez les diab´etiques . 40 7.2 Relation entre la fonction r´enaleet la thrombose veineuse . 41 2 Mat´eriel& m´ethodes 43 1 L'approche ´epid´emiologique . 43 1.1 Les grandes ´etudesd'association . 44 1.2 Les groupes d'´etude. 46 Table des mati`eres 1.3 Mesurer les variables biologiques . 54 2 Acquisition des donn´eesg´en´etiques . 58 2.1 Les puces de g´enotypage . 59 3 L'analyse . 61 3.1 Le contr^olequalit´e . 61 3.2 L'imputation . 65 3.3 Association pan-g´enomique . 66 3.4 Autres analyses statistiques . 72 3.5 Exploiter les r´esultats . 75 3 R´esultats 77 1 Etude´ pan-g´enomique sur les coronaropathies chez les diab´etiquesde type I . 77 1.1 S´electiondes individus et des marqueurs . 79 1.2 Association avec les donn´eesimput´eeset m´eta-analyse . 81 1.3 R´eplicationdes r´esultats . 83 1.4 Analyse des associations d´ej`aidentifi´ees . 83 1.5 Discussion autour des g`enescandidats mis en ´evidence . 84 2 Impact des marqueurs de la fonction r´enalesur la thrombose veineuse . 88 2.1 D´efinitiondu score polyg´enique . 88 2.2 Analyse dans l'´echantillon Fran¸cais . 90 2.3 Analyse dans l'´echantillon N´eerlandais . 91 2.4 Confirmation de l'impact du score sur la fonction r´enale .
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