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Minnesota Explorers and Pioneers from A. D. 1659 to A. D. 1858

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Minnesota Explorers and Pioneers from A. D. 1659 to A. D. 1858 MINNESOTA EXPLOEERS AND PIONEEES A. D. 1659 to A. D. 1858, REV. EDWARD DUFFIELD NEILL, \< . PR] -l|. 1 VI ..1 M \l I -I I K 1.1,1 I ..I ; ( 1: \< -1 1- (.Kin -ri.M.iM. Ml M 1:1 OF M \— III 1 lll-lcKli LL SOCIETY, ETC. ; A I 1 Holt OP "YIKi.INIA iomi-anv 09 LOHDOS," 1N..II-II m/aih.\ 01 AMERICA," "FAIRFAXES OF " IM.1\M> am. AMERICA," ' n i:i:\ mvki.i "HI8TOB1 "i -. M l\ M .1 k," I ..I M.I l:- HI \t \ICYI VMi " X, scin i/niil antea quam natus rig m <i<l< rti i<l *< mix r ease />'" ruin." PREPARED Mn: NORTH STAR PUBLISHING COMPANY. Si UAKM'li. < II AS. M. MM.'IK. MINNKAPOUS : NORTH STAR PUBLISHING COMPANY. 1881. NNESO T A EXPLOEEES AND PIONEEES A. D. 1659 to A. D. 1858, REV. EDWARD DUFFIELD XKIL1.. BOB OK •VIRGINIA i:Y OP Ml-.- i,(U,i 1/1111111 ntiti<« fit "<;;, I, ril ,.,11, -a m. PRRFAKBD TOB NORTH STAR PUBLISHING COMPANY. OHO. K. WARN KB. CHAS. M MINNEAPOLIS : NORTH STAR PUBLISHING COMPANY. 1881. EXPLORERS PIOXEEES OF MINNESOTA. CHAPTER I. FOOTPRINTS OF CIVTLIZATIOX TOWARD THE EXTRE5nTY OF LAKE SFTERIOR. i Central Position.—D'Avagour's Prediction.—Nicolet's Visit to Green the St. Lawrence, with a party of llurons, and Bay.— Pint White Men in Minnesota.—Notices of Groselliers and Radisson.— llurons Flee to Minnesota. —Visited by Frenchmen.— Father Menard Disap* probably during the next winter was trading at pears.—Groselliers Visits Hudson's Bay.—Father Allouez Describes the Sioux Green Bay, in "Wisconsin. On the ninth of De- Mission at Li Pointe.— Father Marquette.—Sioux at Sault St. Marie.—Jesuit cember, 1635, he had returned to Canada, and on Missions Fail.—Groaelliers Visits England.— Captain Gillaru, of Boston, at Hud- son's Bay.— Letter of Mother Superior of I'rsulines., at Quebec.—Death of the 7th of October, 1637, was married at Quebec, and the next month, went to Three Rivers, where The Dakotahs, called by the Ojibways, Xado- he lived until lt'»42. when he died. Of him it is waysioux, or Sioux (Soos), as abbreviated by the said, in a letter written in 1640, that he had pen- French, used to claim superiority- over other peo- etrated farthest into those distant countries, and ple, because, their sacred men asserted that the that if he had proceeded " three days more on a mouth of the Minnesota River was immediately great river which flows from that lake [Green over the centre of the earth, and below the centre Bay] he would have found the sea." of the heavens. The first white men in Minnesota, of whom we While this teaching is very different from that have any record, were, according to Garneau, two of the modem astronomer, it is certainly true, persons of Huguenot affinities, Medard Chouart, that the region west of Lake Superior, extending known as Sieur Groselliers, and Pierre d'Esprit, through the valley of the Minnesota, to the Mis- called Sieur Radisson. souri River, is one of the most healthful and fer- Groselliers (pronounced Gro-zay-yay) was bom tile regions beneath the skies, and may prove to near Ferte-sous-Jouarre, eleven miles east of be the centre of the republic of the United States Means, in France, and when about sixteen years of America. Baron D'Avagour, a brave officer, of age, in the year 1641, came to Canada. The fur who was killed in fighting the Turks, while he trade was the great avenue to prosperity, atffl in was Governor of Canada, in a dispatch to the 1646, he was among the Huron Indians, who then French Government, dated August 14th, 1663, dwelt upon the eastern shore of Lake Huron, after referring to Lake Huron, wrote, that beyond bartering for peltries. On the second of Septem- '• is met another, called Lake Superior, the waters ber. 1647, at Quebec, he was married to Helen, of which, it is believed, flow into Xew Spain, and the widow of Claud-e Etienne, who was the daugh- this, according to general opinion, ought to be the ter of a pilot, A'oraham Martin, whose baptismal centre of the country.'''' name is still attached to the suburbs of that city, As early as 1635, one of Champlain's interpre- the " Plains of Abraham," made famous by the ters, Jean Xicolet (Xicolay), who came to Cana- death Vhere, of General Wolfe, of the English da in 1618, reached the western shores of Lake army, in 1759, and of General Montgomery, of Michigan. In the summer of 1634 he ascended the /Continental army, in December, 1775, at the D. C. by Geo. E. Wtarea and CMS oot,, i„ the office .jfthe Librarian ofCongress. at Washington, / ) : EXPLORERS AND PIONEERS OF MINNESOTA. commencement of Che " War for Independence." near what is now Bayfield. In the year 1659, His son. Medard, was born in 1657, and llu> next Groselliers and Radisson arrived at Chagouamik- year his mother died. The second wife of Gro- on. and determined to visit the Hurons and Pe- selliers was Marguerite Hayet(Hayay] Radisson, tuns, with whom the former had traded when the Bister of his associate, in the exploration of they resided east of Lake Huron. After a six the region west of Lake superior. days' journey, in a southwesterly direction, they Radisson was born at St. Malo, and, while a reached their retreat toward the sources of the boy. went to Paris, and from thence to Canada, Black, Chippewa, and Wisconsin Rivers. Prom and in 1656, at Three Rivers, married Elizabeth, this point they journeyed north, and passed the the daughter Of -Madeleine Hainault, and, after winter of 1659-60 among the " Nadouechiouec," her death, the daughter of Sir David Kirk or or Sioux villages in the Mille Lacs (Mil Lak) re- Kerkt. a zealous Huguenot, became his wife. gion. From the Hurons they learned of a beau- The Iroquois of New York, about the year 1650, tiful river, wide, large, deep, and comparable with drove the Unions from their villages, and forced the Saint Lawrence, the great Mississippi, which them to take refuge with their friends the Tinon- flows through the city of Minneapolis, and whose tates. called by the French, Petuns, because they sources are in northern Minnesota. cultivated tobacco. In time the Hurons and Northeast of Mille Lacs, toward the extremity their allies, the Ottawas (Ottaw-waws), were of Lake Superior, they met the "Poualak," or again driven by the Iroquois, and after successive Assiniboines of the prairie, a separated band of wanderings, were found on the west side of Lake the Sioux, who, as wood was scarce and small, Michigan. In time they reached the Mississippi, made fire with coal (charbon de terre) and dwelt and ascending above the Wisconsin, they found in tents of skins ; although some of the more in- the Iowa Eiver, on the west side, which they fol- dustrious built cabins of clay (terre grasse), like lowed, and dwelt for a time with the Ayoes the swallows build their nests. (loways) who were very friendly ; but being ac- The spring and summer of 1660, Groselliers and customed to a country of lakes and forests, they Eadisson passed in trading around Lake Superior. were not satisfied with the vast prairies. Beturn- On the 19th of August they returned to Mon- ing to the Mississippi, they ascended this river, treal, with three hundred Indians and sixty ca- in search of a better land, and were met by some noes loaded with " a wealth of skins." of the Sioux or Dakotahs, and conducted to their " Furs of bison and of beaver, villages, where they were well received. The Furs of sable and of ermine." Sioux, delighted with the axes, knives and awls The citizens were deeply stirred by the travelers' of European manufacture, which had been pre- tales of the vastness and richness of the region sented to them, allowed the refugees to settle they had visited, and their many romantic adven- upon an island in the Mississippi, below the tures. In a few days, they began their return to mouth of the St. Croix Eiver, called Bald Island the far West, accompanied by six Frenchmen and from the absence of trees, about nine miles from two priests, one of whom was the Jesuit, Eene Me- the site of the present city of Hastings. Possessed nard. His hair whitened by age, and his mind of fireavrms, the Hurons and Ottawas asserted ripened by long experience, he seemed the man their superiority", and determined to conquer the for the mission. Two hours after midnight, of the country for themselves, and having incurred the day before departure, the venerable missionary hostility of the Sioux,Vvere obliged to flee from penned at " Three Eivers," the following letter the isle in the Mississippi. Descending below to a friend Lake Pepin, they reached the* Black Eiver, and ' ascending it, found an unoccupieh\country around Beverend Father : " its sources and that of the Chippewiay. In this The peace of Christ be with you : I write to region the Hurons established themselves, while you probably the last, which I hope will be the their allies, the Ottawas, moved eastwa, seal of our friendship until eternity. Love whom they found the shores of Lake Superior, anu\ set- the Lord Jesus did not disdain to love, though - - - - tled at Chagouamikon ( Sha gah wah mik t>ng the greatest of sinners; for he loves whom he ^\ : FATHEB MENARD LOST IN WISCONSIN. loads with his cross. Let your friendship, my Upon De Tlsle's map of Louisiana, published good Father, be useful to me by the desirable nearly two centuries ago, there appears the Lake fruits of your daily sacrifice.
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