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Page 1 VENUS 71 (1–2): 13–27, 2013 ©Malacological Society of Japan VENUS 71 (1–2): 13–27, 2013 ©Malacological Society of Japan On the Recent Members of the Genus Lirabuccinum Vermeij, 1991 in the Northern Pacific, with Description of a New Species (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) Paul Callomon* and Amanda S. Lawless Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1195, USA Abstract: A review is made of the Recent members of the buccinid genus Lirabuccinum Vermeij, 1991, to which is added a new species from the Yellow Sea. Placement in the genus and the family Buccinidae is confirmed on the basis of radular and animal morphology. There is a discussion of shell structure, with reference to the independent development of internal and external spiral sculpture. Lectotype selections are made for Searlesia constricta Dall, 1918, Euthria hokkaidonis Pilsbry, 1901 and E. fuscolabiata E. A. Smith, 1875. Keywords: Buccinidae, Lirabuccinum, new species, musculus, Japan, China, Yellow Sea Introduction In 2008, some cleaned shells were obtained by the authors from sources in China that apparently represented a new species. They were initially thought to be fasciolariids but also showed buccinid affinities. Through the kind offices of Mr. Donald Dan, alcohol-preserved specimens were then obtained from the same locality, and the radula confirmed placement in the Buccinidae. Examination of many specimens suggested placement in the genus Lirabuccinum Vermeij, 1991. The Recent species of the genus are here reviewed, with emphasis on shell structure and radular characters. Pending re-examination of the relevant material, the fossil members of the genus are retained as in Amano & Vermeij (2003). Abbreviations used: AM, Australian Museum, Sydney; ANSP, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, USA; BM NH, The Natural History Museum, London, UK; M NHN, Museum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; NM NH, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC; NSMT, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan; SL, shell length; SMF, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Frankfurt, Germany; USNM, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA. Materials and Methods Samples were obtained of all the taxa examined here, either as dry shells or as complete alcohol-preserved specimens, including all extant primary types. The shells of several preserved specimens were cracked using a hand vice and the animal dissected to extract the radula. Two radulae were mounted on stubs and photographed in a scanning electron microscope by Dr. E. Strong (NM NH). Two more in the ANSP collection that had previously been extracted and * Corresponding author: [email protected] 14 P. Callomon & A. S. Lawless mounted on slides were sketched from photographs taken under a Leitz examining microscope by Dr. B. Rinkel (ANSP). The remainder were extracted by the authors, mounted in Euparal on glass slides and sketched using a Bausch & Lomb compound microscope with a camera lucida. Shells were sectioned through the terminal bank of lirae behind the apertural lip (L. musculus, L. fuscolabiatum) or at an equivalent point (L. dirum), and through the upper body whorl roughly 180º from and parallel to the first section. Cuts were made with a file or grinder and the sections polished using 2400 grit carborundum paste. The section planes were photographed under normal light through a Bausch and Lomb compound microscope at 80x magnification. Terminology: The spiral sculpture of the shell consists of two independent elements; cords formed in the external shell layer and lirae formed in the internal layer, hereafter referred to as “cords” and “lirae”. Systematics Family Buccinidae Rafinesque, 1815 Genus Lirabuccinum Vermeij, 1991 Type species: Buccinum dirum Reeve, 1846, by original designation. Lirabuccinum dirum (Reeve, 1846) (Figs. 1–3, 15, 18, 26) Buccinum dirum Reeve, 1846: pl. 12, sp. 92. Searlesia dira (Reeve, 1846) – Dall, 1918: 98, pl. 8, fig. 1; Abbott, 1974: 216, no. 2390; Abbott & Dance, 1982: 169, bottom left fig.; Vermeij, 1991: 267, figs. c, d. Type material: Reeve’s figured type of Buccinum dirum was originally in the Cuming Collection. It is apparently not present in the BMNH (K. Way, pers. comm.). The putative type specimens there all have intact apices, whereas the shell in Reeve’s figure (Fig. 1) clearly is decollate. Material examined: California, USA: Bolinas, Marin County, ANSP 34784 (2), 34786 (4), ANSP 225992 (2), ANSP 221938 (3); Oregon, USA: Otter Rock, near Newport, ANSP 131061 (12), ANSP 139918 (6). Cape Arago, ANSP 350429 (1). Washington State, USA: Juan de Fuca Strait at Sekiu, ANSP A17014 (3); Juan de Fuca Strait, ANSP 34788 (1); Rosario Beach, Anacortes, Fidalgo Island ANSP 410821 (1); Neah Bay, ANSP 46054 (2); Clallam Bay Lighthouse, ANSP 300604 (1); Smallpox Bay, San Juan Id., ANSP 395028 (3), ANSP 395029 (3); San Juan Id., ANSP 46053 (2). Alaska, USA: Sitka, ANSP 34503 (1); Tongass Island, ANSP 34787 (5); Washington Bay, Kuiu Island, ANSP 401544 (2). British Columbia, Canada: Vancouver Island, ANSP 34785 (3), ANSP 395030 (2); Victoria, ANSP 65867 (2); Kachemak Bay at Seldovia, ANSP 243934 (1); Annette Island, ANSP 182737 (8), ANSP 181433 (4) (Figs. 26, 30); Langara Island, ANSP 152358 (7); Banal Island, ANSP 351423 (4); Maple Bay, Vancouver, ANSP 351424 (2). Distribution: L. dirum is known over a wide range of the northern Pacific coast of North America, from California to Alaska; the westernmost record is from Chirikof Island (55°49´30˝N, 155°37´19˝W; Dall, 1918). It is not present in Japan, the Kuril Islands, the Okhotsk Sea or the Aleutians. Description: Shell to 48.8 mm SL (average adult size 35.14 mm SL, n = 40), very thick and robust, of six whorls, buccinoid in shape. Protoconch smooth, approximately 2 whorls, though all examined protoconchs incomplete. First teleoconch whorls bear broad axial ribs with deep A New Species of Lirabuccinum (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) 15 Figs. 1–3. Lirabuccinum dirum (Reeve, 1846). 1. Original figure of Buccinum dirum (Reeve, 1846: sp. 92). 2. San Juan Id., Washington, USA. ANSP 46053, 48.5 mm SL. 3. Vancouver Island, Canada, ANSP 395030, 38.4 mm SL. Figs. 4–6. Lirabuccinum fuscolabiatum (E. A. Smith, 1875). 4. Lectotype of Euthria fuscolabiata E. A. Smith, 1875, BMNH 1873.8.6.25, 28.7 mm SL. 5. Lectotype of Fusus modestus Gould, 1860, USNM 1649, 18.4 mm SL. 6. Lectotype of Searlesia constricta Dall, 1918, USNM 274072, 29.6 mm SL. Figs. 7–9. Lirabuccinum hokkaidonis (Pilsbry, 1901). 7. Lectotype, ANSP 80394, 22.1 mm SL. 8. Paralectotype, ANSP 426452, 22.5 mm SL. 9. Hariusu, Hokkaido, Japan, ANSP 279967, 23.4 mm SL. Figs. 1–9 at the same scale. 16 P. Callomon & A. S. Lawless Figs. 10–14. Fusinus musculus n. sp. (All specimens from type locality). 10. Holotype, ANSP 424655, 38.5 mm SL. 11. Paratype 1, ANSP 424656, 41.1 mm SL. 12. Paratype 2, ANSP 424656, 41.8 mm SL. 13. Paratype 3, ANSP 424656, 42.9 mm SL. 14. Paratype 4, ANSP 424656, 36.7 mm SL. All figures at the same scale, except 11C, 11D and 14C. A New Species of Lirabuccinum (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) 17 Fig. 15. Lirabuccinum dirum, animal (partial), Juan de Fuca Strait at Sekiu, Clallam County, Washington, USA, ANSP A17014. Fig. 16. Lirabuccinum musculus, animal of paratype 9 (partial), ANSP A22015. Fig. 17. Lirabuccinum fuscolabiatum, animal (partial), off Satsukari, Hokkaido, Japan, NSMT. Figs. 15–17 at the same scale. interstices. Ribs regularly spaced until penultimate whorl, becoming reduced and scattered; absent on body whorl. First teleoconch whorl lacks spiral sculpture. Approximately nine tightly packed major spiral cords begin on second whorl and extend through body whorl, overriding axial ribs. Suture adpressed; no resorbtion or similar bonding occurs at point where suture overrides sculpture of preceding whorl. Aperture over half length of shell, pinched at posterior terminus. Profile of lip smoothly curved. Neck short and stout. Labral wall of aperture bears strong spiral lirae that lie on crowns of crenulations; lirae run entire length of shell interior but terminate approximately one-third whorl from lip (see Remarks). Lip margin thin and corrugated with slight dentition at termini of cords. 18 P. Callomon & A. S. Lawless Fig. 18. Lirabuccinum dirum; scanning electron micrographs of radula (A) and detail of rachidian tooth (B), from animal in Fig. 15. Scale bar (A) = 100 mm. Figs. 19–20. Lirabuccinum fuscolabiatum, radula. 19. “Japan”, ANSP 58062. 20. Off Satsukari, Hokkaido, NSMT. Scale bar = 100 mm. Figs. 21–23. Lirabuccinum musculus radula. 21. Scanning electron micrographs, from type locality. 22. Detail of tricuspid rachidian and lateral with less developed afferent cusp, ANSP A22015. 23. Two rows from same radula, showing variation in development of rachidian cusps and afferent cusps on laterals, ANSP A22015. Scale: Fig. 21, 100 mm; Figs. 22–23, as Fig. 20. A New Species of Lirabuccinum (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) 19 Parietal wall of aperture smooth, thickly glazed in anterior half; some resorbtion of spiral sculpture in anterior part, but posteriormost 4–5 major cords persist into shell in juvenile examples. Two or three superimposed short spiral lirae at posterior part of aperture in adults. Labral margin smooth, except where thickening produces distinct margin in anterior third. Canal broad and open. Shell exterior pale gray-brown to dark brown; interior of aperture pale reddish brown to off- white, usually with broad band of darker brown at labral margin. Operculum thin, medium to dark brown, with nucleus at anterior terminus. Animal (Fig. 15): Head broad, with widely spaced cylindrical tentacles bearing eyes on outer margin at base. Large penis posterior to head on right side. Upper surface of foot covered with rough papillae. Proboscis long, narrow, with buccal mass in anterior third. Radula (Fig. 18): Three teeth per row. Broad, arcuate rachidian tooth bears three slightly asymmetrical cusps. Lateral tooth of sickle shape with prominent afferent cusp of varying size alongside inner arm.
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