Quick viewing(Text Mode)

Team Games and Sports I 6

Team Games and Sports I 6

Team and I 6

A team means organised physical activity with players working together towards a shared objective. In team games a group of individuals in the same team, work together to achieve the objective of being the winners of the game. Team members set points and scores, make decisions, communicate among themselves, manage conflicting situations, and solve problems in a supportive, trusting atmosphere in order to achieve their objectives. Team games include games, such as, , , , , , , Kho-Kho and , etc. In this chapter, we shall discuss Basketball, Cricket, Football, Hockey and Volleyball.

Basketball

Fig. 6.1: Children playing basketball Basketball is a fast, free-flowing, high-scoring team game. The players shoot a ball through a basket to score points while following a set of rules. Usually, two teams consist of

2021–22

Chap-6.indd 77 8/24/2020 11:39:22 AM Chap-6.indd 78 78 Health and Physical Education - Class X wide Diameter 18 inch Fig. 6.2:Basketballcourt,abasketandbasketball

passing, receivingandshooting. should learnandpracticethebasicskills of dribbling, opportunity toscoreaBasket. To playbasketball,students court and occupyanyposition. All players have an equal the world’smostpopulargames. of one is Basketball end. each on fixed basket a with court five players on each team. They play on a marked rectangular of basketball court is 28 x15 meters. The court is divided is court The meters. x15 28 is court basketball of having twosidelines andtwoendlines.Thedimensions be anindoorwooden courtoranoutdoorconcrete Basketball is played on a rectangular court, which should 15m Basketball courtmeasurements 1951. Afterthatitstartedbei 1934 and thereafter it was organised every two years until in in held was tournament Basketball National first the BasketballFederationofIndiawassetupin1950.The to promote Basketball at National and International levels by bothmenandwomenofallagesability.Inorder games inmanyschoolsandcolleges.Thegameisplayed atMadras this game. Today basketball is one ofthemost favourite YMCA established the in 1920playedanimportantrolethedevelopmentof Later time. first the basisof the form still Association (YMCA)atKolkataintroducedbasketballfor which rules 13 modern basketball. In , the Young Men’s Christian first the fixed 1891, inventedbyDr.JamesNaismith.In1894,Naismith College ofPhysicalEducation,Massachusetts,USAin The gameofbasketbal History Endline 1.575m

0.90m

The rulesallow all players tomovefreely around the

Semi-Circle 6.75m No-charge

Sideline e

2021–22 n

i

L

t

n i

o

P

e

e

r

h T Throw-in line Throw-in Sideline oiiae a te Springfield the at originated l

28m Circle

ng organisedannually. Centre etelne lin Centre 3.6m 0.15m

8.325m Area

Restricted 8/24/2020 11:39:23 AM Endline Team Games and Sports I 79 8/24/2020 11:39:23 AM Play 10 min Rest 2 min Play 10 min 2021–22 15 min Half time Play 10 min Duration of a Match (Total 4 Quarters) Duration of a Match Rest 2 min An attempt to unfairly disadvantage an opponent through physical contact is illegal and called a foul. The essential equipment in basketball game is the is game basketball in equipment essential The ball, clocks, score sheets, scoreboard(s), alternating possession arrows and other required equipments. The game is controlled by of the the three (3) referees, officialsout of which consisting one (1) is the overall incharge and the other four (4) table officials are responsible for keeping other records of each teams scoring, timekeeping, individual and team fouls, player substitutions, alternating possession arrow, and stop–and-go-clock, etc. For both men’s and women’s teams, a standard For both men’s and women’s jersey a and shorts of pair a of consists uniform both on printed number, bib visible clearly a with appropriate wear should Players back. and front the shoes that provide extra ankle support. The team with the ball, attempting to score in The team with the ball, prevents that team the offense’, ‘on is basket their ‘on defence’. The ball is opposite team from scoring is or by passing to moved in two ways: either dribbling out of the court, the ball teammates. If the ball goes team. possession is given to the opposite A team must consist of twelve (12) members. But members. of twelve (12) must consist team A court the on be may team each from players five only unlimited but can only at one time. Substitutions are be done when the play is stopped. The duration of the game of each quarter is ten The duration of the game 2nd and 1st between rest minutes 2 with minutes quarter and 3rd and 4th quarter, also 15 rest between 2nd and 3rd quarter. Extra time period minutes after side the exchange Teams minutes. 5 about of is while the play is not half time. The clock is stopped time to complete the active. Therefore, it takes longer game than the allotted time. • • • • • • • Play • • • • • • • 10 min Rules into two sections, called half-courts, by the mid-court line, by the mid-court half-courts, sections, called into two A jump a jump ball. starts with where the game which is to circle center at up ball the throws referee a when is ball from Two players gets possession. which team determine the circle in of jump up to tap the ball out opposing teams orderTheforward. game the take ball the over control gain to of the court. are located at the opposite ends basketball posts Chap-6.indd 79 Chap-6.indd 80 80 Health and Physical Education - Class X Fig. 6.3:Dribbling pass — passes used in basketball, either onehand or both hand or to get awayfrom a defender. There are several typesof shooter a good find to man, open an find helps It players. A goodoffensiveattackrequiresaccuratepassingfrom typesof aredifferent There dribbling — lane. passing a good find ball acrossthecourt,getawayfromdefenders,and It isimportanttopenetratescoreabasket,movethe Dribbling should learnthefollowingfundamentalskills. some skills. Similarly toplaybasketballgame a player We arewellawarethat, to playanygameonehaslearn Fundamental skills Passing • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • a basketisscoredfromoutsidethe6.25mtrsline. during thegamebutthreepointsareawardedwhen Two pointsareawardedwhenabasketisscored point theynolongerremainapartofthe game. this At game. the from disqualified are they before the basket.Eachplayerisallowed5personalfouls which isattemptedfrom a line15feet(4.6m)from is awardedforsuccessfullyconvertingafreethrow, are awarded one or two free throws and one point Players who are fouled either get ball possession or Hook Shoulder Bounce Off-the-dribble Push Chest Overhead between thelegsdribble change-of-pace crossover dribble behind theback high dribble low dribbling basic dribble 2021–22 8/24/2020 11:39:24 AM Team Games and Sports I 81 8/24/2020 11:39:25 AM 2021–22 18 inch wide Diameter Fig. 6.4: Passing Fig. 6.5: Shooting Three-point shot Hook shot Jump shot Dunk shot Free throw Layup • • • • • • • • • • • • The objective of the game is to win by scoring maximum is points. Therefore, improving the team’s shooting important to win a game. Shooting with either one hand or both hands is done in the following ways — Shooting Chap-6.indd 81 Chap-6.indd 82 82 Health and Physical Education - Class X Defence assortment ofdifferentvariations. of categories basic three team defences. In addition, each category comprises of an the of examples are Here plays. deployed inaneffort to disruptandcombatoffensive The game of basketball allows a variety of defences to be shots. on defencetendsto be in better position to recover missed are defensive,astheteam ball. Themajorityof rebounds in whichthedefendingteamgainspossession oftheloose and doesnotchangepossession,defensive rebounds, rebounds, in which the ball is recovered bythe offensive side a shot. There are two categories of rebounds: offensive in the game, as most possessions endwhen a team misses rebounds from the ring or backboard. This plays a role of the basketball after a missed field point or free throw, as it The objective of reboundingis to successfullygainpossession Rebounding • • • • • • to stoporneutralisegreatindividualoffensiveplayers. Combination defences are usually deployedin an effort man-to-man while the restofdefendersplayzone. tion defences, some of the players are assigned to play deployed is the combinationdefence. With combina- Combined Defence: or designatedbytheirplayeralignments. named are Zones court. the on areas specific guard to Zone Defence:Indefence,defendersareassigned offensive playersbysizeandability. players. offensive specific Defenders areusuallyassignedtobematchedupwith against defenders the up Man to man defence:Man-to-mandefencesmatch 2021–22 Fig. 6.6:Defence A third type of defence that can be 8/24/2020 11:39:26 AM Team Games and Sports I 83 8/24/2020 11:39:26 AM Year 1961 1971 1983 2001 2014 2017 2021–22 Fig. 6.7: Rebounding Name of Player Sarbjit Singh Man Mohan Singh Suman Sharma Parminder Singh Geethu Anna Jose ket c 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ri S.No. C Introduction teams two between game played bat and ball a is Cricket on a field, at the centre of which is a rectangular pitch. One many as and scoring defend the to trying bats, team runs as possible. The other team and fields, trying to the runs scored by dismiss the batsmen and thus limiting batsman striking scored by the is A team. the end the opposite running to bat, his with ball the hitting of the pitch and touching the crease there without being at fielding and batting between switch teams The dismissed. the end of an inning. Arjun awardees Chap-6.indd 83 Chap-6.indd 84 84 Health and Physical Education - Class X

Min 3.66 m

2.64 m Min 122cm made aremarkablenameforhimselfinthegameofcricket. of Nawanagar who had gone to England for further studies, Test against England in 1932. Meanwhile Prince Ranjit Singhji 1935. India in entered the began international arena Trophy and played Ranji its first the official for championship national Control Board came into being towardsthe end of1928. The Maharaja BhupinderSinghofPatiala.TheIndianCricket first T-20 World Cup was played in South Africa in2007. Africa South T-20 India wonthefirsteditionofT-20WorldCup. in wasplayed Cup first World T-20 The first Zealand. New February 172005,betweenAustraliaandNew Zealand. The and England international matchbetweenmen’steamswasplayedon of teams match tookplaceonAugust52004,betweenthewomen’s international T-20 first The impact. immediate an made has world cupwonbyWestIndies. Cricket over limited Cricket of edition first over The 1975. limited in Cup World first the staged and potential its saw Melbourne. The governing International Cricket Council (ICC) Limited first Over Internationalcricketmatchwasplayedin1971at The members. its become to wealth common Conference (later, Council) toenablecountriesoutsidethe Cricket Conference was changed to International Cricket Cricket Conference (I.C.C) in 1909. Thenameof Imperial became Cricket London. Lords, an internationalgamewith the formationofImperial at headquarters its with It was superseded bytheMaryleboneCricket Club (M.C.C) game. the of evolution the in part significant a played had The Hambeldonclubwhichwasfoundedinabout1750’s adopted in the second half of the seventeenth century. south easternpartofEngland.Cricket became agenerally The game of cricket, as it is played today, has its origin in the History Measurement In the21stcentury,anewlimited over form, Twenty 20, An allIndiateamwentonatourofEnglandin1911under Fig. 6.8:Specificationsofcricket ground

20.12 m(22yds) 3.05 m 2021–22 Return Crease Popping Crease Crease Stumps 8/24/2020 11:39:26 AM Team Games and Sports I 85 8/24/2020 11:39:26 AM 2021–22 is where a ball that isn’t a no ball or wide passes can be declared for many reasons: If the If reasons: many for declared be can No Ball Wide Ball will be declared if the umpire thinks the Bye A the without scored batsman and runs are striking the batsman hitting the ball. A batsman did not have a reasonable opportunity to is the if However delivery. the off score wide a declared be not will it head batsmen’s the over but a no ball. Umpires are much stricter on wide being while game the of format shorter the in deliveries will delivery wide A cricket. test in relaxed more much add one run to the batting team and any runs scored by the batsman. The batsman is not supposed to be declared ‘out’ off a wide delivery , , handle the ball, hit their wicket or except if they are obstruct the field. A lands on or in front of heel of the bowler’s front foot back foot touches the popping crease or if the bowler’s the ball is declared no then outside the return crease place, wrong the from ball the bowls bowler the If ball. (often happens when the ball is declared dangerous on the full), bounces bowled at the batsmen’s body batsman the reaching before rolls or twice than more or if fielders are standing score runs off it but batsman can hit a No ball and in illegal positions. The cannot be out from a No ball except if they the obstruct or ball the handle twice, ball the hit out, are run field. The batsman gains any runs scored off the no also gains one run for ball for his shot while the team the no ball itself. • • • • • • Other ways runs can be scored according to the cricket runs can ways Other rules include no balls, wide balls, byes and leg byes. Cricket byes. and leg byes balls, wide no balls, include rules awarded are methods by these runs scored all that state rules individual batters. to the batting team but not the Ways to score runs Ways to main the of One runs. score to is batsmen the of aim The must runs is that they to score rules for batsmen cricket the to end one (from end other’s each at pitch the to run state that, they one run. Cricket rules other), hence score while running runs per shot. As well as may run multiple batsman A boundaries. hitting by runs score also can they both six and four A runs. 6 or 4 scores and boundary a hits the boundary hitting the ball. If it crosses are scored by as four and if the ground it is considered after touching the ground it is boundary before touching the ball crosses 6 or 4 a once that state also rules Cricket six. as considered by the batsman any runs physically scored has been scored void. the are null and by running between Chap-6.indd 85 Chap-6.indd 86 86 Health and Physical Education - Class X rules ofcricket: different ways, a batsman canbe given out according to the out it is said that the bowler gets a ‘wicket’. Following are the out inthegameofcricket. When abowler gets abatsman There areanumberofdifferent ways abatsmancanbegiven Ways batsmencanbegiven‘Out’accordingtocricketrules: Types of‘out’incricket • • • • • • • • avoiding theball. batsman didn’tattempt to playashotorif he was or wide.Howevernorunscanbescoredif the striking the ballisnotano batsman, butnotthebatand A stated in the cricket rules. The first thing the umpire the thing first The rules. cricket the in stated factors the of some at look first must he out this give an LBW decision is possible. However for the umpire to then bat, the touching without first .batsman the hits Leg beforeWicket(LBW)– is donethencricketrulesstatethebatsman isout. orbowler catching theballonfull (before it bounces). If this keeper wicket fielders, the by done is This holding thebatthenbatsmancanbecaught out. playing theball, either it touches hisbat,handorglove –Cricket rules state that if a batsman while wickets. touched another player or umpire before hitting the the batsman.However,ballisnotallowedtohave the batsman’sbat,gloves,bodyoranyotherpartof ball). It does not matter whether the ball has touched given out(aslongasatleastonebailisremovedbythe and hitsthestrikingbatsman’swicketsbatsmanis Bowled –Cricketrulesstatethatiftheballisbowled Leg Bye 2021–22 iswhererunsarescoredbyhitting the Fig. 6.9:Bowled If the ballisbowledand 8/24/2020 11:39:28 AM Team Games and Sports I 87 8/24/2020 11:39:28 AM 2021–22 Cricket rules allow the batsman rules allow Cricket An incoming batsman must be ready to An incoming batsman must Cricket rules state that a batsman is out is batsman a that state rules Cricket A batsman is out if he out if – A batsman is action or opposition by word obstructs the intentionally to be given out if he willingly handles the ball with the with handles the ball willingly he be given out if to the consent bat without the touching not hand that is of the opposition or umpire. a that if rules state – Cricket purpose the than for other twice ball a batsman hits of protecting his wicket or with consent from the opposition, he is out. – – Timed Out end with his partner face a ball or be at the non strikers three minutes of the outgoing batsman being within the incoming batsman dismissed. If this is not done can be given timed out. Cricket rules specify that if a batsman Wicket – Cricket rules specify that if Hit his bat or body after the down with hits his wicket is in ball and the stride has entered his delivery bowler play then he is out. Out – A Retired Out – batsman leaves the field without the illness, any resource like, for umpire of permission is given as retired out. injury etc. Than Run Out – the grounded behind is body or bat his of part no if the ball is in play and the wicket popping crease while side. is fairly put down by the fielding A batsman can be given out according to Stumped – A batsman can puts down his when the wicketkeeper rules cricket not attempting he is out of his crease and while, wicket a run out). a run it would be a run (if he is attempting need to decide is that if is not a no ball, would the ball would no ball, is not a if decide is that need to his, If not there. batsman was the if the wickets have hit on not pitched and the ball was to this is yes answer give the batsman he can safely of the wicket the leg side outside the the ball hits the batsman if out. However, to play a while he was attempting line of off stump is . stroke then he • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • There are many other cricket rules. However these are There are many other cricket rules. However Umpire’s the without play of field the leaves batsman any If most of the basics and will get you well on your way to playing playing to on your way you well get the basics and will of most can be advanced rules and laws Many of the more the game. learned along the way and are not vital to general play. consent for any reason other than injury or incapacity, the consent of the with only innings resume the he may out. he is innings, his resume to fails he If opposing . out For the purposes of calculating a batting average, retired is considered a . Chap-6.indd 87 Chap-6.indd 88 88 Health and Physical Education - Class X Rules Statistics forcricket. ordination, Endurance, speed, Excellent reaction ability and Being a batsman hemust have goodwrist power, eye co- Batting skills Fundamental skills • • • • • • • • When the call is too close for the on field umpires motion videoreplaystomakeadecision. field on the for close then theyreferit to thethirdumpirewhoreviews slow too is call the When video decisions. of charge in is who field the off umpire third a also is Two umpires are placed on the playing field while there a substitutefielder. keeping orcaptaintheteam.Hissoledutyistoactas The twelfth man isnotallowed to ball, bat, andwicket called a twelfth man, who can only be utilized as fielder. of elevenplayerseach.Thereisalsoareserveplayer Cricket is a gameplayedbetween two teams consisting 2021–22 Fig. 6.10:Battingskill 8/24/2020 11:39:30 AM Team Games and Sports I 89 8/24/2020 11:39:30 AM 2021–22 Cut Sweep Drive • • •

completion, the batsman must be well balanced. completion, the batsman must be well balanced. The head is kept straight and still throughout the shot and the top hand and elbow controls the direction of the shot. At the time of impact the head should be the on balanced weight body the with ball the over front foot. The full face of the bat must hit the ball and on Like the forward defence, the left shoulder and elbow and shoulder left the defence, forward the Like lead the body with the front foot going as close as possible to the pitch of the ball. The bat comes down the strikes and lift back the of top the from arc and in finish and arc the in ball just in front of the left foot. continue must bat the impact, After be also can through follow The shoulder. left the over checked at shoulder height, keeping the bat face open. Off drive is played to an over-pitched ball in line with Off drive is played to an over-pitched the off stump or marginally outside. The weight of the back foot should be on the inside the be on should foot back the of weight The the right toe and care should be taken not to turn of it or drag it out of the crease. can be played with The front foot defensive stroke depend- pad the of front in or behind slightly bat the ing on the nature of the wicket and the proficiency bowler. of the The top hand is firm at the top of the handle while the while handle the of top the at firm is hand top The bottom hand is relaxed, with the thumb and index finger loosely holding the bat. The back legshould ground the off raised heel the with extended fully be crease. but remaining parallel to the The weight of the body is on the front foot with foot front the on is body the of weight The should be over the bat the knee bent and the head The bat is kept angled watching the point of contact. ball the prevent to pad front the to close and very going through bat and pad. The front foot defence is played when the ball is bowled is ball the played when is defence foot front The enough for which is not over-pitched at a good length, back foot. short enough to go on the a drive and not possible to should move as close as The front foot and left shoulder left the ball with the of the pitch the ball. the body in the direction of elbow leading Defence Pull Hook • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Front foot defence Off drive Batting techniques Batting Chap-6.indd 89 Chap-6.indd 90 90 Health and Physical Education - Class X Fig. 6.11:BowlingSkills Straight drive batsman itiscalledas aballordelivery. a batsmantosavehis wicket.Whentheballisbowledtoa Bowling is as important as batting. The ball is defended by Bowling skills Back footdefence On drive • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • short enoughtoplayandattackingshot. pitched ballinlinewiththestumps,whichisnot checked belowshoulderheight. front ofthelefttoe.Thefollowthroughisgenerally with theshouldersturnedand the impact is just in The front foot should be placed outside the line of ball with thefrontpointingdownwicket. the swing of the bat is an arc from slips to mid- on The basicprinciplesofadriveapplyheretoo,though This has been considered to be a difficult shot to play. the legstump. On driveisplayedtoaover-pitchedballonandaround out toallowthef the shouldersopened must beturnedslightlyand body and thefrontfoot must pointdownthewicket and the pitched ball in and aroundthe line of middle stump drive butwiththedifferenceisthatitplayedtoaover off an as way same the in exactly This shotisplayed the ballawayfr must resistthetemptationtofollowmovement of body beside the line of the ball, but here the batsman The backfootdefencecanalsobeplayed withthe short risingdeliveries. remain ‘side-on’ as this presents a smaller target for the balance at the time of playing the ball and to maintain to taken be should Care head. the to next To keep the bat straight, the left elbow is held high the bottomhandholdingbatloosely. and control, in and firm hand top the with body the far as possible to maintain the sideways position of The backfootmustremainparalleltothecreaseas steady andovertheball. bat is brought down close to the body with the head of the ballwithfront naturally following it. The The back foot is moved back and across to the line T he back foot defensive stroke is played to a short- 2021–22 om him. ree swingofthebat. 8/24/2020 11:39:31 AM Team Games and Sports I 91 8/24/2020 11:39:32 AM Fig. 6.12: Wicket keeping

Googly Doosra Off spin Leg spin Arm ball 2021–22 Chinaman Spin bowling Bouncer Off cutter Leg cutter In swinger Fast bowling Seam bowling Swing bowling The shiny side is on the left side and the fingers may also have a slight gap between them. Here, the ball is held by the two fingers and the thumb the and fingers two the by held is ball the Here, the seam upright and angle towards with underneath it, fine leg. For effective out swing bowling, the bowler should bowl out swing bowling, the bowler should bowl For effective as close as possible to the stumps. the released is is cocked and when the ball The wrist and goes down the pitch upright. seam must be vertical as long as seam the behind stay should fingers two The possible. For out swing bowling, the ball is held with the index and middle finger and thumb below the seam, which shiny the with the slips towards angled upright & is hand bowler). surface on the right (for right When a ball of a fast or medium fast bowler deviator in When a ball of a fast or medium or on off side (out swing) air either on leg side (in swing) it is turned in air as swing bowling. • • • • • • • • • • • • Wicket keeping cricket. in role an important keeper plays The wicket A good wicket keeper can save a number of runs for his team. Inswing is His function is to stop deliveries, which the batsman unable to play or passed by batsman. Fielding In 21st century, fielding is a keypoint A player requires more hard work, practice and flexibility to to win the match. become a good fielder. Outswing Swing bowling Types of bowling Types of Chap-6.indd 91 Chap-6.indd 92 92 Health and Physical Education - Class X Deep Extra Cover Cover Point Extra Cover Cover Point awardee S.No. ogo f Long of 3rd Man 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Gully Mid off Slips 2021–22 Fig. 6.13:Fielding Bowler WK Name ofPlayer Leg Slips Mid on Fine leg Long on Square Leg Mid Wicket Mid Wicket Deep Square 2010 2006 2005 2003 1998 1997 1994 Year Deep 8/24/2020 11:39:32 AM Team Games and Sports I 93

8/24/2020 11:39:32 AM 68-70 cm 68-70 football of football Circumference Fig. 6.14: Specifications of Year 2013 2013 2017 2018 2021–22 Name of Player

Sachin Tendulkar Kaur Harmanpreet all b 8 9 1. 10 oot S.No. History de Football International According to FIFA (Federation form of the game was played Association), the “very earliest The game centuries. china during the second and third in were football of rules England and the developed in later was the when journey began its football India, in formulated place with them and in no time it became rulers brought it British took here game recorded first The masses. the in popular ‘Gentlemen and the Civilians’ of Club ‘Calcutta the between of Barrackpore’ in 1854. The first ever football club inIndia, the ‘Calcutta Football Club’ was founded in 1872. The first “the Indian Football Association” (IFA) association, football India All by was replaced established later, in was Calcutta It in . 1893, till though board there its was on no Indian The Durand Cup Tournament is (AIFF). Federation Football the oldest in India and the one of the oldest in the world, was started in Shimla in 1888. The decade of 1951 to 1962 is as known as the golden era in the history of Indian football, the country put up commendable performances in a number 1951 in medals gold won India competitions. international of and 1962 , held at and Jakarta. F world the over all popular game very been a has Football game a is it known as soccer, commonly Also ages. since point. a score to foot the with ball a kicking involves that with a spherical ball on a It is played between two teams rectangular field of grass or green artificial turf. There is a post at each end of the rectangular field and errected the moving by scored are Points line. base of middle the at ball to an opposing team’s end of the ball move required to are Players posts. goal two between the field and putting it that carrying, and passing. The team by kicking, dribbling, other by the end of the match scores more points than the wins the game. Chap-6.indd 93 Chap-6.indd 94 94 Health and Physical Education - Class X

45-90m

Goal Penalty Area Goal Line

Goal Area Penalty Spot over thecrossbar. the goal posts. The ball must go between the uprights and football zone. One way to score is to kick the football through to 80 yards). There are also goal posts at the back of each 120 yards)andthewidthisinrangeof 65to75m(70 to (110 m 110 to 100 of range the in is (pitch) field football As perinternationalstandard,thelengthof therectangular Field measurements Fig. 6.16:Specificationsoffootballground Radius 9.15m Centre Circle 90-120m Centre Spot 2021–22

10 yds Fig. 6.15:Childrenplayingfootball Halfway Line Halfway

40.3m

Radius 9.15m 16.5m 11m 5.5m

2.45m

16.5m 8/24/2020 11:39:34 AM 7.32m Team Games and Sports I 95 8/24/2020 11:39:34 AM 2021–22 Free kicks opposite on the players the taken, is kick free Whenever a it side must be at least 10 yards away from the ball until is kicked. If this rule is not adhered to, the kick is retaken. the depending on awarded, kicks free of types two There are the team allows Free Kick — Direct (i) the offence: nature of Indirect Free to take a direct shot at the opponent`s goal. (ii) means a It not permitted. on goal is strike Kick — a direct to second player has to the ball after the kick is taken score a goal. Penalty kick the in place taking offences for awarded is kick A penalty is team the of A nominated member areas. and goal penalty allowed to strike at goal from the penalty spot, with only the line on his remain The goalkeeper must beat. goalkeeper to be players must other and all has been kicked, the ball until outside the penalty area behind the penalty spot. After the If the player persistently offends during a match, the referee If the player persistently offends the Yellow Card as a caution can choose to take action. First after the second one leads is shown to a player. Any offence red card to a player it means to Red card. If they showed a (no card red straight A match. the from expelled is player that previous caution) can be shown for extreme conduct, spitting, deliberately as, serious foul play, violent offences, such foul (denying a goal, a professional prevent to handling the ball insulting language and/or a goal scoring opportunity) and gestures. Goal post height the whereas meter 7.32 is posts the between Distance meter. post is 2.44 of the goal Rules According to the official rules of footballThe guide,manner. accepted and the fair a in players game the execute to need each. 45 minutes halves of two played in is match football regarding the football game of the in rules several There are penalties, offence and defence. field, players, of play Start and restart of winner the starts, game the before place takes toss coin A the end to attack. At get the choice of choosing the toss will each side must be in their own the kick-off, all players from spot centre the on place takes kick-off The field. the of halves who kicks off cannot touch it in the centre circle. The player made contact. again until another player has Punishment for offences Chap-6.indd 95 Chap-6.indd 96 96 Health and Physical Education - Class X time withouthavingtouchedbyanyotherplayer. from the cornerarc and thekicker cannot touchtheball a second 10yards be must Opponents field. the over travelled A kickis taken from the corner of whichever side the ball line oftheopposition,aftertouchingonetheirplayers. A cornerkickisawardedoncethewholeballcrossesgoal Corner kick team). Agoalcannotbescoreddirectlyfromathrow-in. cannot go directly to the goalkeeper’s hands(if on the same a throw-inisgiventotheopposition.It be afoulthrowand andfrom hands both behind andover the player’s head.Otherwise it is deemed to with play of field the on delivered is line (conceded bythe team who last touched theball). It A throw-in is awarded whenthe whole ball crosses the touch Throw-in again withoutanotherplayertouchingtheball. player has takenthe kick, that player cannot strike the ball the feet,thigh,orchest tobringtheballground. It is amethod of gaining controlofthe ball. Trapping uses Trapping follow through. ball while make a propercontactwith the ball with proper the position of goal keeper, choosing the area to shoot the convert thescorefor the team. Player shouldlookuptosee difference is that the ball is to be passedto the goal keeper to Shooting usesthesameelementsasused inpassing,the Shooting weight forward. lacked ankle,makesureoffollow through andtransferof the head steady. Strike the correct area of the ball with see thetarget, approach theball, and lookattheball holding making is required before a perfect pass. Before pass, Passing involvesgivingtheballtopartners.Perfectdecision Passing shot, dribble,pass. the ball,don’tstopprepareitfornewactionormove, ball in air. Keep youreye on theball, select the foot to receive Receiving a ball on the ground is different than receiving a Receiving Fundamental skills 2021–22 8/24/2020 11:39:34 AM

Team Games and Sports I 97 8/24/2020 11:39:34 AM Year 1961 1971 2021–22 Name of Player P.K. Banerjee C.P. Singh 1 2 S.No. Arjuna awardees Techniques and lead-up activities and lead-up Techniques of techniques fundamental the learnt already The students discuss a us let Now previous classes. the in football playing techniques. to develop these activities few lead-up Ball control touches two make Players area. 20m x 30m in two versus Five of the ball. only to retain possession Dribbling player dribbles of the area are numbered. One Four quarters number 2 quarter to ball and passes the quarter one in without losing last quarter, the player and so on. Reaching other the quarter, any in lost is ball If points. gets ball the three next the to in enter then and clockwise anti start teams quarters. Passing measures 5m × 20m or Number of players—four. Rectangle 10m × 30 m, one ball. Heading Centre line 5 yards from Two versus two, Goal of 8 yards, each goal. Shooting arranged spot, along the penalty a place Shooting board is inside the penalty area. Tackling area, time 2 minutes. One versus one, 10m × 10m Throw-ins Throw-in is a competition between two players. Goal keeper to catch A goal keeper also acts as a defence but is allowed (D-area). box penalty the within hands with ball the touch or to A goal keeper is usually the last man standing at the goal prevent opponents from scoring the goal. Chap-6.indd 97 Chap-6.indd 98 98 Health and Physical Education - Class X played withavariation ofthegame.Whilesomeplayeditjust Greeks, Romans,and PersianstoEthiopians,everycountry before theAncientGames ofOlympia. Right from Arabs, years 1200 about existence in be to believed is game hockey world’s earlycivilisations. One of theoldestknownsports, The history of the game of hockey hasits roots well laid in the History tosetplay situations. beintroduced should players the and efficient, As theyprogress,skillsshouldbecomemoreconsistentand and movingtheballaccuratelyquicklybetweenplayers. need tolearnhowkeeppossessionbydribblingeffectively to defendandstopgoalsfrombeingscored.Todothisthey how toattackandscoregoalsworkwith others dribbling, passing,tappingandhitting. They shouldlearn The playersshouldlearnandpracticethebasicskillsof form of hockey, such as or . in whichthewordHockeyis generally reserved for another usingcurved goal team’s sticks. However,thenameFieldHockeyisusedincountries anopposing into a ball flicking attempt to scoregoalsbyhitting/Scooping,pushingor is a team game, in which a team of players Introduction H o c 5 4 3 key Oinam BembemDevi Baichung Bhutia Sudhir Karmakar Fig. 6.17:Playersplayinghockey 2021–22 2017 1998 1981 8/24/2020 11:39:36 AM Team Games and Sports I 99

8/24/2020 11:39:36 AM 55 m 55

6.4 m 22.9 m 22.9

2021–22 Centre line Centre 91.40 m

Penalty Spot

Fig. 6.18: Specification of hockey field

22.9 m 22.9 m 5 22.9 m

5.5 m 46 m 14.63 In India, the first hockey club came up Calcutta in in Field measurements for recreation, the others had the opinion that hockey would opinion that others had the recreation, the for many ancient Even though warriors. better make them modern the variations, hockey in different played civilisations the in Isles British the in developed was hockey field of game Army British by the India in introduced was It 19th century. It was during the game soon became popular. regiments and this time that the London Hockey Association was standardised. In 1924, playing hockey were and the rules for formed was founded and Hockey Federation (FIH) the International of Women’s the International Federation three years later, Hockey followed. Making soon Bombay and followed. 1885-86 and Indian Games, 1928 Amsterdam the debut at Olympic its hockey team won its first Olympic gold, without conceding was domination ruthless this of The hallmark goal. single a the wizardry of Indian hockey legend, Dhyan Chand, who skills. dazzling his with crowd Amsterdam the mesmerised From 1928 to 1956, India won six consecutive Olympic gold the winning 24 consecutive matches. It was medals, while when India produced some of golden era of Indian hockey, has ever seen. the finest players the game Chap-6.indd 99 Chap-6.indd 100 100

Health and Physical Education - Class X each goal. by bounded goal spot, is marked with its centre 6.40 m from the centre of the from m a solid line. A spot0.15min diameter, called the penalty 14.63 area semi-circular crossbar, and the goal post is surrounded by an 3.66 m wide measured from the inner sides of the posts and approximately At eachendthereisagoal2.14mhigh1.20deepand H any directionbythe teamoffendedagainst.Opponents the scoringcircles.The ballmaybehitorpushedoncein Free hitsareawarded whenoffencesarecommittedoutside Free hits 15 mtofthe end,ofthe pitchtheyareattacking. for offensescommittedbytheattacking sidewithin player of the defending team. A 15 mt hit is also awarded by an attacker, a 15mthitorpasscan be madebyany the sideline. If it crosses the goal line after last touched players werenotthelasttotouchball beforecrossing with a push or hit, taken by a member of the team whose play from sideline either by individual player by himself or ball fromalegitimatetackle. may notdeliberatelyusehisbodyorsticktoshieldthe contact wasinevitable). Further, the playerwithball be penalisedifthetacklewasmadefromapositionwhere before playing the ball (contact after the tackle may also does notmakecontactwiththeattackerorhisstick of thestick.Tacklingispermittedaslongtackler with apassfromthecentreof field. quarter aswellaftergoalsarescored,playisstarted minutes each15-02-15-10-15-2-15.Atthestartof the ball. The game time is divided intofourquartersof 15 winning captain can choose a starting end orstart with Prior to the start of the game, a coin is tossed and the General play are usedworldwide. The rules set by the International Hockey Federation FIH Rules out ononesideandwithahookatthebottom. carbon fiber composites, with a rounded handle and flattening Kevlar fiberglass, with made often now but wood of centimeters) long,2incheswideandtraditionallymade Each player carries a stick, normally a little over 3 feet (90 Equipment ce i pae o a 14 m 5 m etnua field. rectangular m 55 × m 91.40 a on played is ockey When the ball passes over the sidelines, it is returned to side flat the with ball the play only may players Field 2021–22 8/24/2020 11:39:36 AM

Team Games and Sports I 101 8/24/2020 11:39:36 AM

2021–22 On the umpire’s whistle, the striker may push or flick the flick or push may striker the whistle, umpire’s the On ball at the goal, which the goalkeeper attempts to save. The save. to goalkeeper attempts the which goal, the at ball twice. ball not touch the shot may penalty the taking player If forbidden. also is or dragging or tapping the ball Hitting with 15 mt hit to the the shot is saved, play is restarted centre the from restarted is play scored, is goal a if defenders; line. Time is stopped for the Penalty stroke. Dangerous play the in is, a manner that ground in the off raised is ball the If the to over turned is ball the dangerous, opinion, umpire’s other hit from the point of contact. team and they receive a free Tie breaker (shootout) In case of a draw match, penalty shootout is conducted. each shootouts by penalty decided by 5 be will The winners team and the team which scores highest number of goals 22.90 mt. at start The shootout will declared the winner. is 8 line in front of the shooter and should be completed within start The goalkeeper will umpire’s whistle. the seconds after defence from goal line. meter line. Penalty corner against awarded is that play set is corner The penalty in the when any offence is committed a defending team deliberate a when awarded be may and circle, defensive the when or area, m 23 defending the in committed is offence the ball over the back line. defending team deliberately plays Penalty stroke a commit defenders when awarded is stroke penalty A which deprives an attacker of deliberate foul in the circle to play the ball. This penalty possession or the opportunity attacker against the goalkeeper, being taken by a single is m from the penalty spot and and is taken from a spot 6.4 stand with The goalkeeper must goal. the of front in directly the ball until feet and cannot move his goal line, heels on the is played. must move 5 mt away from the ball when a free hit is when a free from the ball 5 mt away must move circle, the of mt 5 within hits free attacking and for awarded, also be the hit must the one taking other than all attackers 5 mt away. Corner goes over the backline after the ball awarded if A corner is are played by Corners touched by a defender. being last 22.90 the from hit free a involve and team attacking the Chap-6.indd 101 Chap-6.indd 102 102

Health and Physical Education - Class X Arjuna awardees India morethan85years agowhensomephysicaleducation invented asa recreational game. This game was brought to 1895 in Holyoke, Massachusetts by YMCA (USA). It was of Volleyball was invented byWilliam G. Morgan in the year would be a more descriptive name for the sport. The game the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps “volleyball” someone remarkedthattheplayersseemed tobevolleying the average man’sheight. During a demonstration game, was borrowed from . It was raised to a heightabove athletic of bit a exert effort bykeepingtheballinair.Theidea ofusinganet to able be to players older for sport Originally named Mintonette, it was created asagentle indoor History the opponent’ssideofcourt. working asateamtokeeptheballinplayandgrounditon a high net. They should play simple 3 touch volleyball games practice the basic skills of sending andreceiving the ball over to players.Atcompetencylevel, students shouldlearnand movement skillsshouldbetaught good anticipationand the game is to be played in a controlled manner. Therefore, for theplayertobeinrightplaceattimeif the ball;action.Itisessential every contactmustbearebound Volleyball is a rebound game where one cannot hold or catch tries to team Each net. high score points by grounding the ball on the other team’s court. a over ball inflated an hit to together works team Each substitutes). six and playing (six Volleyball is a net game that involves two teams of 12 players V S.No. olley 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Manpreet Singh Savita Punia S.V. Sunil Ritu SainiandRaniRampal Mamta Kharab Baljeet SinghSaini Dhanraj Pillai Versha Soni P. Krishnamurthy Sunita Puri b all 2021–22 Name ofPlayer 2018 2018 2017 2016 2002 2000 1995 1981 1971 1966 1961 Year 8/24/2020 11:39:36 AM

Team Games and Sports I 103 8/24/2020 11:39:38 AM 3-8m

Service Zone 9m Endline

Back Zone Attack line Attack 9m

Antenna

and net and Front Zone Centreline A 2021–22

3m 3m

Front Zone Attack line Attack 9m Fig. 6.20: Specifications of volleyball court Fig. 6.19: Players playing volleyball Back Zone

Side Line Endline 3-8m

Service Zone 9m Measurements games including Volleyball. YMCA College of Physical of College YMCA including Volleyball. games Education, and this game seriously Madras, took students parts of to other taken the game there have trained the country. teachers had been abroad had been abroad teachers in different and were trained Chap-6.indd 103 Chap-6.indd 104 104

Health and Physical Education - Class X 0.5 m–1.0outsidetheline. 80 cmabovethenet.The2.55mhighpostsareplaced extends antenna on top The pole. near line side an fixed is a flexible rod 1.8 m long and 109.5-10 mlongendis10cmmorebleakmesh.Theantenna mm. in diameter centered It is doubled vertically over the center line. It is 1 m wide and The net is 2.43 mt high for men and NETR Posts 2.24 mt high for women. Smash Fundamental skillsandlead-upactivities Common faultsinclude— with anypartofthebody. or arms,butplayerscanlegallystrikepushtheball hands the with played usually is ball The rally. next the the rallyisawardedapoint,andservesballtostart commits afaultandlosestherally.Theteamthatwins on theopponent’scourtandwinsrallyorateam consecutive touches, until either a team grounds the ball The rally continues, with each team allowed up to three must notlettheballbegroundedwithintheircourt. and intothereceivingteam’scourt.Theteam from behindthebacklineofcourt,overnet, on oneoftheteamsbeginsa‘rally’byservingball each. Itcanbeplayedindoorsoroutdoors.Aplayer Volleyball is a fast game played by two teams of 6 players Rules • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ad n blne psto o bt fe ad shift and feet both on weight fromtoetoheel. Flexkneestoavoidinjury. position balanced a in Land in frontofthebodyand withanoutstretchedarm. Hit the ball between the headandhitting shoulder, body. and jumpoff both feet. Swing thearmbackbehind Swing thearmbackbehindbody.Bend slightly speed oftheball. Run andapproachaspertheheight,distance and violation ofrotation. crossing thecentreline;and touching thenetduringplay; same team; four consecutivecontactswith the ballmadeby same player; two consecutivecontactswiththeballmadeby catching andthrowingtheball; 2021–22 8/24/2020 11:39:38 AM

Team Games and Sports I 105 8/24/2020 11:39:44 AM 2021–22 Fig. 6.21: The smash Keep the ball in the air. Play in a circle or small in a circle Play air. in the ball Keep the air? can you keep the ball in the group: how long Overhead pass, underhand pass the ball. pass the pass, underhand Overhead - - - - Play simple games that combine serving, overhead pass and underhand passes. Practice the blocking Mark a chalk line on the wall. action. Jump using controlled arm movement. Both hands must touch vigorous knee at blocking Practice mark. above the simultaneously extension and the net with one, two or three players. Use side steps or cross steps to move along the net. and attacker of jump the of timings the with Coordinate raise hands above the net to block the smash. Move to receive passes: from a ready position, players should move right or left to receive a pass and return it. Block is the first line of defence against the smash. It players front-row three or two one, by performed be may who jump at the net. from meter a about half position balanced a Stand in the net, feet shoulder width apart. Watch the opposition developing their attack and move quickly to where it is anticipated. Striking the ball against the wall Striking the ball in view the ball on the surface keeping A player strikes ball hit the in a manner that the the force and direction wall and deflects within the reach of Player B and the rally goes on. Setting up the ball, sending and receiving practices practices sending and receiving up the ball, Setting students to: requiring • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Block Chap-6.indd 105 Chap-6.indd 106 106

Health and Physical Education - Class X Arjuna awardees S.No. 5 4 3 2 1 Tom Joseph Amir Singh K.Udaya Kumar G.M. Reddy Nripjit Singh 2021–22 Name ofPlayer Fig. 6.22:Theblock 2014 2001 1991 1973 1962 Year 8/24/2020 11:39:45 AM Team Games and Sports I 107 8/24/2020 11:39:45 AM

us in the improvement of our 2021–22 seconds from under the basket of the board from floor is ______. ______is floor from board the of ssessment A List the basic rules of the game of cricket. Five players are required to start a game. Five players are required to start Dribbling Test: Zig Zag dribbling for 30 seconds Measurement of a basketball court is ______. Measurement of a basketball court List any five important rules of the basketball game. List any five important Shooting Test: Shooting for 30 position What has been the impact of form of cricket on Test Matches? Basketball game was invented in 1981. Basketball game was invented in 20 seconds. Player is to be substituted within time. Player can leave the court at any the court. After five fouls player has to leave distance mt. 5 from seconds 30 for wall the on Passing Test: Passing Explain any one fundamental skill of basketball game. Explain any one fundamental skill in the game of basketball? How can you improve your performance edge lower the of Height . Diameter of the ring is ______. Duration of one quarter is ______. Duration of team time out is ______List any five penalties of basketball game. List any five penalties How does playing basketball help health? why? skill you enjoyed the most and Which is the motor

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 3. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. 5. 2. 3. 3. 4. 5. 6. 2. 2. Answer the following Questions Assess your Performance by the following Activities State whether True or False Fill in the Blanks Answer the following Questions Answer the following

ricket asketball I. I. II.

C IV. III.

B Chap-6.indd 107 Chap-6.indd 108 108

Health and Physical Education - Class X

F

II. II. I. ootball

Fill intheBlanks Answer thefollowingQuestions Fill intheBlanks 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 3. 2. 1. 1.

The NationalCricketChampionshipknownas______The Indian Cricket Control Board came The linesthatdelineatethewidthofcourtarecalled The International Cricket Council (ICC) The nameofImperial Cricket to Conference waschanged Cricket became aninternational game with the formation of spectators? What arethenormsoffairplayinfootballfor footballersand corner kick? What aretherulesregardingfreekick,penaltythrow-inand during thematch? What arethepenaltiesthatRefereecanawardagainstoffences match? On howmanyoccasionsisthekick-offusedduringafootball extended andwhy? What is the official duration football match? What role does the Referee What arethebasicequipmentrequiredforfootballteams? positions? How manyplayersconstituteafootballteamandwhataretheir to theinternationalstandard? Trophy, namedafterPrinceRanjitSinghjiofNawanagar. end of______. ______. over CricketWorldCupin______. to becomeitsmembers. ______to enable countries outside the Common Wealth the ______in1909. the historyofIndianfootball. to 1951 of decade The known by ______. replaced was association, 1893 in established was which football (IFA) Association” first The in 1872. The first ever football club What is the stipulated size of the field for playing football according

2021–22 1962 is known as the ______era in era ______the as known is 1962 in India, the ______was founded play? Who are the other officials in the of a football match? How far can it be staged the first limited into being towards the s nin Football Indian as 8/24/2020 11:39:45 AM Team Games and Sports I 109 8/24/2020 11:39:45 AM

for tie for is turned over to the turned over to the is 2021–22 ______. team is allowed upto ______upto allowed is team nation to reach the Olympic football reach the Olympic nation to the game in respect of (i) field, (ii) players, ages of playing volleyball? e on the history of Hockey in India. e on the history

semifinals in the ______Olympics. in the ______semifinals The first game of volleyball was played in ______What are the advant Volleyball is a fast game played by two teams of ______players each. each continues, rally the When consecutive touches. Which motor skill you enjoyed the most and why? Explain any one technique of volleyball. the game of can you improve your performance in How If the ball is raised off the ground in a manner that is, in the in the the ground in a manner that is, the ball is raised off If the ball umpire’s opinion, dangerous, card system of warnings and suspensions Hockey uses a three-tier ______(ii) card, ______known as (i) are and these card, and (iii) ______card. regulations tournament FIH in down The procedure laid minutes each way of “golden breaker mandates ______goal” extra time (i.e. be decided levelled, the game will scores). If scores are still the game ends with ______. as soon as one team volleyball? The Asian Football Confederation (AFC) was formed in the Second Confederation (AFC) was formed The Asian Football in Manila in Asian Games held Write a brief not What are the rules of and short corner, (vi) long corner, free hits, (v) (iv) equipment, (iii) (vii) penalty stroke? point the from a ______receive and they ______India became the first Asian first the became India of contact.

1. 1. 2. 3. 2. 3. 4. 2. 1. 4. 5. (c) (a) (b) Fill in the blanks Answer the following Questions Fill in the Blanks Answer the following Questions Answer the following

ockey olleyball I. I. II. II.

V

H Chap-6.indd 109 Chap-6.indd 110 110

Health and Physical Education - Class X III.

State whetherTrueorFalse 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.

The playertouchesthenetduringplay. are allowed. Two consecutivecontactswiththeballmadebysameplayer are allowed. Three consecutive contacts with the A playercatchesandthrowstheball. It isconsideredasafaultifsixplayersareplayingthegame.

2021–22 ball made by the same team

8/24/2020 11:39:45 AM

Top View