REGISTERED BANKS in NEW ZEALAND Claire Matthews Rex Oliver
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REGISTERED BANKS IN NEW ZEALAND Claire Matthews and Rex Oliver 1st February 2013 At the present time there are 22 banks registered in New Zealand. However, the number of registered banks changes from time to time, as new banks are registered and existing banks leave the market or are taken over and therefore deregister. Significant departures have included Superbank (2003-2006), AMP Bank (1998-2004) and BNP Paribas (1997-2001), and the last de-registration was ABN Amro in mid-2009. Registrations peaked at 24 in mid-1990, but had fallen to below 20 by mid-1994, and there remained fewer than 20 registered banks until March 2011 (apart from a short period in early 1998), with a low of 15 over this period. The international ownership of banks in New Zealand means that international events represent one influence for future changes to the list of registered banks. The 22 banks currently registered are: ANZ Bank New Zealand Limited m – ANZ NZ. 1 April 1987. A wholly owned subsidiary of a large Australian bank that operates widely overseas. ANZ NZ is New Zealand’s oldest bank, dating back to the arrival of the Union Bank in 1840. In late 2003, Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd purchased the National Bank of New Zealand Ltd from Lloyds TSB Group plc. It then operated with two separate brands (ANZ and The National Bank) in the New Zealand market until late 2012, when it converted solely to the ANZ brand. ASB Bank Limited r – ASB. 11 May 1989. Formerly the Auckland Savings Bank, it is now a wholly owned subsidiary of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia (see separate entry). Although ASB operates nationally, it has extensive retail operations in Auckland and North Auckland. Since 1992 ASB has undertaken considerable expansion into other areas of New Zealand, and it has moved into commercial banking. This registration also covers its separate internet banking division, BankDirect. It is now seen as one of the five main brands in the retail banking sector. Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited wb – ANZ. 5 January 2009. This New Zealand branch of the bank was established to simplify internal funding arrangements. The branch operates alongside the bank’s New Zealand subsidiary, ANZ National. The registration includes restrictions on the branch’s activities, and it cannot undertake retail banking or lending in New Zealand. The branch is funded by its parent, and is able to acquire mortgages originated by ANZ NZ. Bank of Baroda (New Zealand) Limited r – Baroda. 1 September 2009 Baroda was incorporated in May 2007 and registered 28 months later. It is commenced operations in Auckland in early 2010. Bank of Baroda describes itself as India’s leading public sector bank, and operates internationally with representation in 25 countries across 5 continents. Baroda now has 3 branches, with two in Auckland and one in Wellington. It has a particular focus on the Indian community resident in New Zealand. Bank of India (New Zealand) Limited r – BOINZ. 31 March 2011 India’s 5th largest bank, Bank of India commenced operations in India in 1906, and describes itself as a “premier public sector bank”. Bank of India operates internationally with 29 international branches, and since 1969 it has been under majority ownership by the Indian Government. It commenced operations from its sole branch in Epsom, Auckland, in October 2011. Like Baroda, BOINZ has a particular focus on the Indian community resident in New Zealand. Bank of New Zealand Limited m – BNZ. 1 April 1987. Established as a privately owned New Zealand bank in 1861, the BNZ became fully government owned in 1945. In 1992 it was sold to National Australia Bank Limited, which is Australia’s largest banking group, with a significant subsidiary in the UK. Citibank N A wb – Citibank. 22 July 1987. A New York based bank, and one of the world’s largest, it is interested in wholesale and investment banking in New Zealand Commonwealth Bank of Australia wb – CBA. 23 June 2000. The 100% owner of ASB Bank, this large Australian bank has registered in New Zealand in its own right to serve its institutional clients in this country. Retail and commercial customers continue to be the responsibility of ASB Bank. ASB’s financial results are consolidated into the results for the CBA branch in New Zealand. Deutsche Bank A G wb – Deutsche. 8 November 1996. A very large German bank, it is mainly interested in capital markets operations in New Zealand. Heartland Bank Limited – Heartland. 17 December 2012 Heartland resulted from a merger of Southern Cross Building Society, Canterbury Building Society and Marac Finance. It is a subsidiary of Heartland New Zealand Limited, and trades as Heartland Bank. PGG Wrightson Finance is wholly owned by, and a division of, Heartland. Through its merger partners, Heartland’s origins date back to 1875. Heartland has branches throughout New Zealand, and its services are focused on small-to-medium sized business and farms, and the individuals associated with them. JPMorgan Chase Bank, NA wb – JPMorgan Chase. 1 October 2007. JPMorgan Chase is a large US based bank, which was formed when JP Morgan was acquired by Chase Manhattan in 2000. The merged bank then acquired Bank One in 2004 to create the current organisation. Prior to registration as a bank in October 2007, JPMorgan Chase operated in New Zealand as a non-bank participant in the wholesale banking market. The bank continues this involvement in investment banking in New Zealand. Kiwibank Limited r – Kiwibank. 29 November 2001. A subsidiary of New Zealand Post, Kiwibank operates from Post Shops throughout the country. It focuses primarily on personal customers, offering a range of financial services, but also offers services for small business customers. Effectively government-owned, Kiwibank’s establishment was politically controversial. Initial registration was limited to only allow testing of the bank’s systems and procedures, and full registration was confirmed on 4 February 2002. Kookmin Bank rb – Kookmin. 14 July 1997. One of the largest Korean banks, its main interest is the retail market. Its focus in New Zealand is on the Korean community, mainly in Auckland. Formerly Korean Government owned, it has been privatised, with the Government share reduced to 17%. Rabobank Nederland wb – Rabobank. 1 April 1996. A very large mutual Dutch bank with expertise in agriculture and agribusiness lending. The financial results for Rabobank NZ are consolidated into the results for the Rabobank branch in New Zealand. Rabobank New Zealand Limited r – Rabobank NZ. 7 July 1999. A wholly owned subsidiary of Rabobank Nederland (see separate entry). Formerly Rabo Wrightson Finance Limited. Strongly focussed on the agricultural sector. Southland Building Society r T/A SBS Bank – SBS. 7 October 2008. The Southland Building Society was founded in 1869, after the gold rush. It operates in the retail sector of the New Zealand banking market. SBS has its head office in Invercargill and has 15 branches throughout New Zealand, although they are predominantly in the South Island. It retains its mutual ownership structure, which means that its customers are also its owners. It has subsidiaries that provide insurance, personal finance, and managed funds products. In late 2010, SBS merged with the Hastings Permanent Building and Investment Society, which now operates as part of SBS under the HBS Bank brand, with three branches in Hawkes Bay. The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Limited wb – Tokyo-Mitsubishi. 1 March 2004. A large Japanese bank, with its main interest being in corporate lending. Previously registered as a branch of the Australian subsidiary of the bank on 18 September 1996. The Co-operative Bank Limited r – Co-op 26 October 2011 Established as the PSIS in 1928, Co-op is a mutually owned bank. It has branches throughout New Zealand, and offers a full range of retail banking services to its members. The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited mb – HSBC. 22 July 1987. A very large international bank, headquartered in London. Ultimate owners are the public through HSBC Holdings plc. Wholesale banking, international trade, electronic banking services, and some quality retail business are the main interests in New Zealand. TSB Bank Limited r – TSB. 8 June 1989. Formerly a trustee savings bank it operates as a successful retail bank in Taranaki. TSB has increasing numbers of direct banking customers outside the province, and also has a number of non-branch offices in locations around New Zealand. It is one the few New Zealand owned banks. Westpac Banking Corporation wb – Westpac. 1 April 1987. Australia’s first bank, dating back to 1817. It has some overseas operations but is now focused on its domestic markets in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific. Having purchased Trust Bank New Zealand in 1996, the New Zealand division traded as WestpacTrust until late 2002, but has now reverted to Westpac. Since November 1st, 2006, Westpac has been responsible for the bank’s wholesale banking business in New Zealand, with the retail business having been separately incorporated as Westpac New Zealand Limited (see separate entry). The financial results for Westpac NZ are consolidated into the results for the Westpac branch in New Zealand. Westpac New Zealand Limited r – Westpac NZ. 31 October 2006. After the Reserve Bank of New Zealand introduced a local incorporation policy for systemically important banks, Westpac was required to incorporate the retail banking part of its business in New Zealand, which it has now done. ANZ, BNZ and Westpac may be described as the traditional New Zealand banks, having been operating in New Zealand, originally as trading banks, since the 19th century. They were deemed to be registered on 1 April 1987 (along with The National Bank of New Zealand Ltd), and still have much of New Zealand’s banking business.