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BETTER CROPS WITH PLANT FOOD A Publication of the International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) 2017 Number 3 In This Issue... Adapting Controlled-Release HHigherigher N UUsese EEfficiencyfficiency CanCan LowerLower Urea in China RRiveriver NNitrateitrate CConcentrationsoncentrations Broadcast Urea and Overwinter N Loss The Critical Role of K in Cassava Also: Illustrating the 4R Concept ...and much more SSpecialpecial NNoteote ttoo OurOur SSubscribersubscribers - PPageage 2727 www.ipni.net BETTER CROPS C O N T E N T S WITH PLANT FOOD IPNI Program Report - 10 Years of Progress 3 Vol. CI (101) 2017, No. 3 Our cover: Aerial photo of the Illinois River and surrounding IPNI Board of Directors Elects New Executive Offi cers 3 agricultural landscape. Photo by: Krakozawr/iStock Increasing Nitrogen Use Effi ciency Correlates with 4 Editor: Gavin D. Sulewski Assistant Editor: Sharon Jollay Lower Nitrate Concentrations in the Illinois River Design: Rob LeMaster Back page illustration: Greg Cravens Clifford S. Snyder, Gregory F. McIsaac, and Mark B. David INTERNATIONAL PLANT NUTRITION INSTITUTE (IPNI) Executive Board of Directors Impact of Controlled-Release Urea on Upland Maize in Yunnan 7 Tony Will, Chairman (CF Industries) Svein Tore Holsether, Vice Chair (Yara) Mei Yin, Fan Su, Gui-bao Wang, Li-bo Fu, Hua Chen, Jian-feng Chen, Joc O’Rourke, Finance Chair (The Mosaic Company) Zhi-yuan Wang, and Li-fang Hong Peachtree Corners, Georgia, U.S. (HQ) T.L. Roberts, President S.J. Couch, Vice President, Administration Adapting Controlled-Release Urea to 9 R.L. Mikkelsen, Vice President, Communications B. Green, IT Manager Sugarcane Production in Southern China B. Rose, Statistics/Accounting C. Smith, Administrative Assistant Liuqiang Zhou, Jinsheng Huang, Yan Zeng, Hongwei Tan, Xiaojun Zhu, A. Williams, Communications Specialist and Shihua Tu Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada L.M. Doell, Director, Administrative Services S. Shirley, Communications Agronomist IPNI Science Award Nominations Are Due September 30, 2017 11 Nitrogen Program Tai McClellan Maaz (Sept.), Peachtree Corners, Georgia, U.S. Phosphorus Program Ammonia Loss and Fertilizer Nitrogen Recovery from 12 Heidi M. Peterson (Sept.), Stillwater, Minnesota, U.S. Surface-Applied Urea during the Overwinter Months Potassium Program T.S. Murrell, West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S. Richard Engel, Carlos Romero, Clain Jones, and Tom Jensen ASIA/AFRICA/MID. EAST GROUP—Gurgaon, Haryana, India K. Majumdar, Vice President China Program Tai McClellan Maaz Named IPNI Nitrogen Program Director; 15 P. He, Beijing S. Li, Beijing Tom Bruulsema Named IPNI Vice President & Research F. Chen, Wuhan, Hubei S. Tu, Chengdu, Sichuan South Asia Program Closing the Yield Gap for Wheat and Canola 16 T. Satyanarayana, Gurgaon, Haryana, India through an Adjusted Nitrogen Nutrition Index S. Dutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Southeast Asia Program Andreas Neuhaus, Marianne Hoogmoed, and Victor Sadras T. Oberthür, Penang, Malaysia M. Pampolino, Manila, Philippines North Africa Program Heidi Peterson Named IPNI Phosphorus Director 18 M. El Gharous, Settat, Morocco H. Boulal, Settat, Morocco Sub-Saharan Africa Program Cassava Productivity Linked to Potassium’s 19 S. Zingore, Nairobi, Kenya Infl uence on Water Use Effi ciency Middle East Program M. Rusan, Irbid, Jordan Kodjovi S. Ezui, Angelinus C. Franke, Peter A. Leffelaar, and Ken E. Giller AMERICAS/OCEANIA GROUP—Guelph, Ontario, Canada T.W. Bruulsema, Vice President North America Program Managing Sulfur for Enhanced Productivity 22 T.L. Jensen, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada in the Irrigated Oil Palm Plantations of Southern India R.L. Mikkelsen, Merced, California, U.S. S.B. Phillips, Owens Cross Roads, Alabama, U.S. Teki Nagendra Rao and Nasim Ali W.M. Stewart, San Antonio, Texas, U.S. Brazil Program L.I. Prochnow, Piracicaba, São Paulo The Development of the Potash Industry 26 V. Casarin, Piracicaba, São Paulo E. Francisco, Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso Robert Mikkelsen Northern Latin America Program R. Jaramillo, Quito, Ecuador Mexico and Central America Program The Story behind the Diagram 28 A.S. Tasistro, Peachtree Corners, Georgia, U.S. Latin America-Southern Cone Program Tom Bruulsema F.O. Garcia, Buenos Aires, Argentina Australia and New Zealand Program Note to Readers: Articles in this issue can be found at http://www.ipni.net/bettercrops R. Norton, Horsham, Victoria, Australia Start or update your subscription at http://www.ipni.net/subscribe E. EUROPE/C. ASIA GROUP—Moscow, Russia S. Ivanova, Vice President V. Nosov, Krasnodar, Russia IPNI thanks the Government of Saskatchewan for their support of this publication through its resource tax funding. BETTER CROPS WITH PLANT FOOD (ISSN:0006-0089) is published quarterly by IPNI. Periodicals postage paid at Peachtree Corners, GA, and at additional mailing offi ces (USPS 012-713). IPNI Members: Subscriptions free on request to qualifi ed individuals. • Agrium Inc. • Arab Potash Company • BHP Billiton • CF Industries Holdings, Inc. Address changes may be e-mailed to: [email protected] • International Raw Materials LTD • K+S KALI GmbH • Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Better Crops with Plant Food, • OCP S.A. • PhosAgro • PotashCorp • Shell Sulphur Solutions • Simplot 3500 Parkway Lane, Suite 550, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092-2844. Phone (770) 447-0335; Fax (770) 448-0439. Website: www.ipni.net. • Sinofert Holdings Limited • The Mosaic Company • Yara International ASA Copyright 2017 by IPNI. Affi liate Members: Better Crops with Plant Food is registered in Canada Post. • Arab Fertilizer Association (AFA) • Associação Nacional para Difusão de Adubos (ANDA) Publications mail agreement No. 40035026 • Fertiliser Association of India (FAI) • Fertilizer Canada • Fertilizers Europe Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to: • International Fertilizer Association (IFA) • International Potash Institute (IPI) PO Box 2600 Mississauga ON L4T 0A9 Canada • The Fertilizer Institute (TFI) • The Sulphur Institute (TSI) IPNI Program Report - 10 Years of Progress 017 marks the 10th Anniversary of the International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI). As I look back and 2consider what we have accomplished over the last ten years, I believe we have achieved much and have made a great difference in nutrient management around the world. We began with 13 founding members; 13 of the global fertil- izer industry’s leading companies, who had a vision of what IPNI might accomplish. We had 22 scientists covering 7 program areas. Today, we have 30+ scientists covering 13 regional program areas and 3 nutrient focused areas. IPNI develops and promotes scientifi c information for Available at http://ipni.info/PROGREPORT-2017 the responsible management of plant nutrition. When we were fi rst established we identifi ed 4 strategic goals to guide from our tactical plan and illustrates accomplishments from our activities: leadership on global plant nutrition issues, implementing our tactical goals, and we provide examples facilitation of plant nutrient research, enabling education of the impact of IPNI programs. on sustainable use of plant nutrients, and supporting our There are many more achievements and examples that members. Those goals have served us well and over time we could show … our intent here is to offer a snapshot or have evolved to better recognize and include the central wide-angle view of what IPNI is doing and accomplishing. role of the application of 4Rs (right nutrient source, right We’ve made a lot of progress in the last 10 years, but we rate, right time, and right place) in supporting sustainable also recognize that agriculture is changing and the needs of and responsible nutrient use. the fertilizer industry are changing. Our tactical plans have To support our strategic goals, IPNI developed a global helped us align our regional programs with global goals and tactical plan that identifi ed what we considered as 5 world- needs, but we need even better alignment to meet the needs wide needs: 4R Nutrient Stewardship, nutrient education, of the industry, the farmers, and the stakeholders concerned improved fertilizer recommendations, closing yield gaps, about nutrient use and management. Going forward IPNI and enhancing sustainability. We outlined what we could plans to refocus our efforts to position ourselves to be more do to answer those needs and developed program tactical consistent in our messaging, our educational endeavors, plans that addressed these needs with specifi c activities at and our nutrient research to better serve our members and the local level. clientele. This annual report reviews the key issues and needs in Dr. Terry Roberts, IPNI President each of our programs. It features highlights and priorities IPNI Board of Directors Elects New Executive Officers The IPNI Board of Directors has elected its new executive offi cers at its annual spring meeting held in Marrakesh, Morocco on May 21, 2017. Mr. Tony Will, CEO of CF Industries Hold- ings, Inc. in Deerfi eld, Illinois, USA, was elected as Chairman of the IPNI Board. Mr. Will replaces Mr. Norbert Steiner, Chairman of the Board 101 (2017, No. 3) Crops/Vol. Better of Executive Directors of K+S Aktiengesell- schaft. IPNI’s new Vice Chair is Mr. Svein Tore Holsether, President and CEO of Yara Interna- tional ASA in Oslo, Norway. Mr. Joc O’Rourke, President and CEO of The Mosaic Company in Plymouth, Minnesota, USA was elected Chair of the Finance Committee. “We look forward to the strong leadership Mr. Tony Will, Mr. Svein Tore Holsether,