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Child-Centred Disaster Risk and Vulnerability Assessment

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Child-Centred Disaster Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Child-centred Disaster Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Mozambique December 2013 Dr Hanna Schmuck Consultant Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ 1 Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................................ 2 Foreword ............................................................................................................................. 3 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4 2 Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Disaster Risk Index ...................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Vulnerability Index ....................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Overlaying high disaster risk with high child vulnerability ........................................... 10 2.4 Limitations of the Assessment ................................................................................... 10 3 Disaster Risk Indicators ................................................................................................ 11 3.1. Floods ...................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Cyclones.................................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Droughts .................................................................................................................... 16 4 Child Vulnerability Indicators ........................................................................................ 18 4.1 Multi-dimensional Deprivation .................................................................................... 18 4.2 Education .................................................................................................................. 19 4.3 Nutrition ..................................................................................................................... 19 4.4 HIV/AIDS ................................................................................................................... 20 5 Summary of the Results of the Assessment ................................................................ 21 5.1 Disaster Risk ............................................................................................................. 21 5.2 Child Vulnerability ...................................................................................................... 23 5.3 Overlaying Disaster Risk and Child Vulnerability ....................................................... 24 6 Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 25 Annexes ............................................................................................................................. 26 Annex 1: Floods: District Risk in alphabetical order ......................................................... 26 Annex 2: Floods: District Risk Ranking ............................................................................ 27 Annex 3: Cyclones: District Risk in alphabetical order ..................................................... 28 Annex 4: Cyclones: District Risk Ranking ........................................................................ 29 Annex 5: Droughts: District Risk in alphabetical order ..................................................... 30 Annex 6: Droughts: District Risk Ranking ........................................................................ 31 Annex 7: Municipalities Risk Ranking Floods, Cyclones and Droughts ............................ 32 Annex 8: Child Vulnerability Index in alphabetical order .................................................. 33 Annex 9: Child Vulnerability Index by rank ....................................................................... 36 Annex 10: Maps on Flood and Cyclone Risk in Cities ...................................................... 39 Annex 11: Risk Maps based on hydrological and meteorological data ............................. 40 Maps: Map 1: Flood Risk by Districts ............................................................................................. 13 Map 2: Cyclone Risk by Districts ......................................................................................... 15 Map 3: Drought Risk by Districts ......................................................................................... 17 Map 4: Multi-dimensional Deprivation by Districts ............................................................... 18 Map 5: EP 1 Drop-out rate by Districts ................................................................................ 19 Map 6: Growth faltering by Districts ..................................................................................... 19 Map 7: HIV/AIDS prevalence of pregnant women by Districts ............................................. 20 Map 8: Multi-Hazard High Risk ............................................................................................ 22 Map 9: Child Vulnerability by Districts ................................................................................. 23 Map 10: Overlay of child vulnerability with high disaster risk ............................................... 24 Acknowledgements A number of organisations and individuals have provided valuable input to this Child-centred Disaster Risk and Vulnerability Assessment. I am grateful to all of them. In particular, I would like to thank the following: Dr Antonio Queface and Tomásio Januário from the University of Eduardo Mondlane in Maputo have provided technical support to extract data from the database for the Disaster Risk Indices. Olanda Bata and Antonio Mavie from FEWS NET Mozambique have provided information on previous risk mapping and helped in data interpretation. Birgit Weyss, Consultant for UNICEF, has developed the child vulnerability index. Hanoch Barlevi, Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Specialist of UNICEF Mozambique, who commissioned this assessment, has provided excellent support and cooperation in all aspects. And it was him who has developed the maps – a key output of this exercise. Other staffs of UNICEF Mozambique have also provided important input - too many to mention here. I myself, however, have the final responsibility for the results of the assessment and this report and hope that it serves in improved targeting of the most vulnerable children of this country. Dr Hanna Schmuck, Maputo in December 2013; 1 Abbreviations and Acronyms AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ART Anti-retroviral therapy CENOE National Emergency Operational Centre DHS Demographic and Health Survey, 1996/97, 2003 and 2011 EP1 1st cycle of primary education (grades 1-5) EP2 2nd cycle of primary education (grades 6-7) FEWS NET Famine Early Warning Systems Network GDP Gross domestic product HCT Humanitarian Country Team (of the UN) HIV Human immunodeficiency virus IAF Inquérito aos Agregados Familiares (Household Survey), 1996/97 and 2002/03 INE National Statistics Institute INGC National Institute for Disaster Management (Instituto National de Gestão das Calamidades ) IOF Inquérito ao Orçamento Familiar (Household Budget Survey), 2008/09 INSIDA National Survey on Prevalence, Behavioural Risks and Information about HIV and AIDS MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey MISAU Ministry of Health MMAS Ministry of Women and Social Action NGO Non-governmental organization PARP Poverty Reduction Action Plan PMTCT Prevention of mother-to-child transmission UN United Nations UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund WFP World Food Programme 2 Foreword Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation are cross-cutting themes in joint programmes of the Government of Mozambique and UNICEF. A Child-centred Risk and Vulnerability Assessment is a fundamental step to improve UNICEF’s targeting of those children which live in particularly disaster prone regions. Apart from that, it aims to ensure the integration of disaster risk reduction in the development process rather than considering it as a separate component. In view of this, this exercise was carried out parallel and complementary to the Situation Analysis (SitAn). The results and recommendations of this assessment can also help in advocating and fund-raising for disaster risk reduction and climate change programming. This exercise is also based on UNICEF’s refocus on equity. Thorough analysis among and within countries showed that reaching the most deprived children and families is not only more cost effective but also accelerates the progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. The study ‘Narrowing the Gap’ shows that child mortality, undernutrition and other deprivations are concentrated in those harder to reach groups and that targeting them would save many more lives and have much greater impact than implementing interventions in “better off” areas.1 UNICEF at a global level is therefore increasing its efforts in trying to reach the most vulnerable and underserved children and families. This report first provides a short overview on disasters in Mozambique and child vulnerability. It then explains which methodology was used
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