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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,085,813 B2 Saito Et Al

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,085,813 B2 Saito Et Al US009085813B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,085,813 B2 Saito et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 21, 2015 (54) METHOD FOR RECOVERING METALLIC 8,911,610 B2 12/2014 Nakamura et al. LITHIUM 2010.0051470 A1* 3/2010 Nakamura et al. ............ 205/407 2013/0001097 A1 1/2013 Nakamura et al. (75) Inventors: Yumiko Saito, Kanagawa (JP); Junpei Momo, Kanagawa (JP); Rie Matsubara, FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Kanagawa (JP); Hiroatsu Todoriki, CN OO1494.173 A 5, 2004 Kanagawa (JP) CN OO1693512. A 11, 2005 CN 101573.296 A 11, 2009 (73) Assignee: Semiconductor Energy Laboratory CN 101654741 A 2, 2010 CN 10176O759. A 6, 2010 Co., Ltd., Kanagawa-ken (JP) JP 06-251805 9, 1994 JP 08-031431 A 2, 1996 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this JP 11-240716 9, 1999 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 923 days. (Continued) OTHER PUBLICATIONS (21) Appl. No.: 13/232,001 Di.X et al., “Comparative Analysis of Productive Technology for (22) Filed: Sep. 14, 2011 Metallic Lithium', Journal of Salt Lake Research, Jun. 1, 2005, vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 45-52. (65) Prior Publication Data (Continued) US 2012/OO73984 A1 Mar. 29, 2012 (30) Foreign Application Priority Data Primary Examiner — Arun SPhasge (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Nixon Peabody LLP: Sep. 23, 2010 (JP) ................................. 2010-212916 Jeffrey L. Costellia (51) Int. Cl. (57) ABSTRACT C25C3/02 (2006.01) C22B 26/2 (2006.01) An object is to recover metallic lithium from metallic lithium HIM IO/54 (2006.01) on which an unnecessary Substance is formed without dis (52) U.S. C. carding the metallic lithium on which an unnecessary Sub CPC, C22B 26/12 (2013.01); C25C3/02 (2013.01); stance is formed. The present invention relates to a method for H0IM 10/54 (2013.01) recovering metallic lithium in Such a manner that metallic (58) Field of Classification Search lithium on which a substance is formed is reacted with nitro USPC .................................................. 205/406. 408 gen to form lithium nitride; the lithium nitride is reacted with See application file for complete search history. carbon dioxide to form lithium carbonate; the lithium carbon ate is reacted with hydrochloric acid to form lithium chloride: (56) References Cited the lithium chloride and potassium chloride are melted; and electrolysis is applied to the melted lithium chloride and U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS potassium chloride. 4,781,756 A * 1 1/1988 Frianeza-Kullberg et al. , 75/745 7, 175,937 B2 2/2007 Cho et al. 18 Claims, 1 Drawing Sheet Sic Metalic lithium on which an unrecessary substance is formed SiO2 Reaction with nitrogen Formatic of lithin nitride Reaction with carbon dioxide S15 Formation ofifthium carborate - S16I - Reaction with hydrocatoric aoid S10 Formation of thium chloride S08 ehting S109 Electrolysis S111 Recovery of metallic lithium US 9,085,813 B2 Page 2 (56) References Cited JP 2009-097024 A 5, 2009 WO WO-2008/O53986 5, 2008 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS OTHER PUBLICATIONS JP 2001-048.504 2, 2001 Chinese Office Action (Application No. 2011 10296.5439) Dated JP 2001-328803. A 11, 2001 May 13, 2014. JP 2002-167626 6, 2002 JP 2005-026088 A 1, 2005 * cited by examiner U.S. Patent Jul. 21, 2015 US 9,085,813 B2 S101 Metallic lithium on which an unnecessary substance is formed S1 O2 Reaction with nitrogen S103 Formation of lithium nitride S104 Reaction with carbon dioxide S105 Formation of lithium carbonate S106 Reaction with hydrochloric acid S107 Formation of lithium chloride S108 S109 Electrolysis S111 Recovery of metallic lithium US 9,085,813 B2 1. 2 METHOD FOR RECOVERING METALLC stance which is mixed with lithium chloride is not limited to LITHIUM potassium chloride as long as the melting point is lowered by mixing the substance with the lithium chloride. Instead of BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION using potassium chloride, sodium chloride may be used. Metallic lithium can be recovered by the electrolysis. 1. Field of the Invention One embodiment of the disclosed invention relates to a One embodiment of the disclosed invention relates to a method for recovering metallic lithium in the following man method for recovering metallic lithium. ner: metallic lithium on which a substance is formed is 2. Description of the Related Art reacted with nitrogen to form lithium nitride; the lithium In recent years, demand for lithium has been increasing in 10 nitride is reacted with carbon dioxide to form lithium carbon a variety of fields including ceramics, batteries, and medi ate; the lithium carbonate is reacted with hydrochloric acid to cines. For example, lithium is used for a positive electrode, a form lithium chloride; and the lithium chloride and potassium negative electrode, and an electrolyte of a lithium secondary chloride are melted and then electrolyzed. battery. In particular, metallic lithium is used for the forma 15 In one embodiment of the disclosed invention, liquid nitro tion of a negative electrode active material (see Patent Docu gen is injected into a container, a porous material is set on the ment 1). top of the container into which the liquid nitrogen is injected, Lithium which is a metal at ordinary temperatures and metallic lithium on which an unnecessary Substance is pressure, is a rare metal, which means that production of formed is placed on the porous material, the metallic lithium lithium is Small around the world and lithium-producing is reacted with nitrogen produced from the liquid nitrogen, so areas are unevenly distributed. Thus, there is country risk with that lithium nitride is formed. using lithium as raw materials of industrial products. At the According to one embodiment of the disclosed invention, same time, the present situation is that a technique to recover metallic lithium on which an unnecessary Substance is and recycle lithium used as an addition agent of glass and raw formed is not discarded and metallic lithium can be recovered materials of a secondary battery is not established yet. 25 from the metallic lithium on which an unnecessary Substance is formed. When metallic lithium is recovered from the metal REFERENCE lic lithium on which an unnecessary Substance is formed, metallic lithium, which is reactive, can be recovered after Patent Document being made comparatively stable lithium nitride. Thus, recov 30 ery operations become easy. Patent Document 1 Japanese Published Patent Application No. HO6-251805 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 35 FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for recovering Metallic lithium is highly reactive, and a substance is lithium. formed on its surface when the metallic lithium is put in the air at ordinary temperatures. For example, when metallic DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION lithium reacts with nitrogen in the air, lithium nitride is formed on a surface of the metallic lithium. When metallic 40 An embodiment of the invention disclosed in this specifi lithium reacts with moisture in the air, lithium hydroxide is cation will be hereinafter described with reference to the formed on a surface of the metallic lithium. accompanying drawing. Note that the invention disclosed in In the case where the above-described metallic lithium on this specification can be carried out in a variety of different which a Substance is formed is used as a material of a negative modes, and it is easily understood by those skilled in the art electrode active material without being processed, reactivity 45 that the mode and details of the invention disclosed in this with an electrolyte may be bad, and thus a lithium ion sec specification can be changed in various ways without depart ondary battery may have inferior characteristics. ing from the spirit and scope thereof. Therefore, the present Thus, as described above, the metallic lithium on which an invention is not construed as being limited to description of unnecessary Substance is formed is useless and is discarded the embodiment. Note that, in the drawing hereinafter shown, after deactivation treatment with ethanol or water. 50 the same portions or portions having similar functions are However, it is preferable to recover metallic lithium denoted by the same reference numerals, and repeated because it is useful in industry as described above. description thereof will be omitted. In view of the above, in one embodiment of the disclosed A method for recovering metallic lithium of this embodi invention, it is an object not to discard metallic lithium on ment will be described with reference to FIG. 1. which an unnecessary Substance is formed and to recover 55 Metallic lithium on which an unnecessary Substance is metallic lithium from the metallic lithium on which an unnec formed (S101) is reacted with nitrogen (S102) to form lithium essary Substance is formed. nitride (S103). The unnecessary substance which is formed In one embodiment of the disclosed invention, metallic on the metallic lithium is lithium hydroxide that is formed by lithium on which an unnecessary Substance is formed is reaction of the metallic lithium and moisture in the air, lithium reacted with nitrogen to form lithium nitride; the lithium 60 nitride that is formed by reaction of the metallic lithium and nitride is reacted with carbon dioxide to form lithium carbon nitrogen in the air, or the like. In that process, metallic lithium ate; the lithium carbonate is reacted with hydrochloric acid to which reacts with nitrogen is part of the metallic lithium on form lithium chloride; and lithium chloride is melted and which an unnecessary Substance is formed, which has not electrolyzed. The melting point of lithium chloride is 613°C.; reacted with nitrogen, moisture, or the like in the air. however, a mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chlo 65 Note that in this embodiment, as the metallic lithium, foil ride melts at 450° C.; thus, the mixture of lithium chloride and like metallic lithium (metallic lithium foil), spherical metallic potassium chloride is preferably melted.
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