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United States Botanic Garden Bartholdi Park

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United States Botanic Garden Bartholdi Park United States Botanic Garden Bartholdi Park SITES v2 Case Study 1.22 acres within the SITES project boundary Urban open space, park, and public realm renovation project summary Bartholdi Park is a landscape are exhilarating. decided to design and construct the demonstration garden tailored The project design replaces some project as a SITES project. Initially to homeowners and showcases fatigued pavement, provides multiple the project was registered as a Pilot innovative plant combinations accessible entry points, reorganizes Project under the 2009 Guidelines. in a variety of styles and design the circulation patterns, and offers a After project construction bids themes. The U.S. Botanic Garden variety of paths, surfaces, geometries exceeded appropriated funds, the Administration Building and the and furniture for users to use the design scope was scaled back to Bartholdi Fountain are located in the spaces flexibly. Ten rain gardens include the core triangle of the park park. are located throughout the park to leaving the streetscapes to be done capture, control and filter stormwater by the USBG as separate projects, Created in 1932, when the U.S. as close to the source as possible. following the SITES design. Botanic Garden was relocated, the The vegetable garden is located at The project goals included capture park was renamed in 1985 after the northwest corner and particular and maintain all stormwater, Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, the attention was paid to making a aesthetically beautiful plantings, sculptor of the historic “Fountain of portion of this garden accessible by ample seating areas, programing Light and Water” located at its center. way of a retaining wall system. space, an edible garden, and Bartholdi Park continues to serve as a sustainable features focusing on demonstration garden where visitors After the legislation and approval for resource conservation. can learn sustainable horticultural the American Veterans Disabled for techniques for home landscapes. The Life Memorial http://www.avdlm.org/ During the 13 month construction plantings will be changed periodically the site was selected in 2001. Around project progress was hampered by to show new plant varieties, design 2009 funding was in place and there excessively cold and wet weather, trends and garden maintenance was a design concept approved that access limitations due to U.S. Capitol methods. led the AOC and USBG to realize that security, and unforeseen debris buried Bartholdi Park, as a direct connection during the 1928-1930 demolition Bartholdi Park is also a refuge—an between the memorial and the of existing structures. Additionally, island of green where visitors, office Capitol, should be welcoming and due to site constraints, top soil was workers and a surprising diversity of accessible. removed and stored off site as was birds and pollinators can find respite reused flagstone, fieldstone, cobble from the stresses of the city. Benches Looking at the needed curb cuts, stone and brick. The renovation of the and tables with chairs offer quiet accessible paths, and replacement park included accessible pathways, shade in the summer and sheltered of noncompliant concrete sidewalks, improved access to the American sunlight in the winter. In warm it was apparent that a larger project Veterans Disabled for Life Memorial, weather, the splash of the fountain was needed. increased safety via new lighting, rhythmically underscores the chirps of improved stormwater collection, nesting birds and the drone of busy During this time the USBG was updated irrigation, new plantings, insects. In every season, the colors collaborating with the LadyBird and adaptive reuse of the historic and textures of the plants and flowers Johnson Wildflower Center and the northwest fountain as a raingarden. American Society for Landscape Bartholdi Park will continue to have Architects in the funding and demonstration and educational development of the Sustainable Sites gardens, featuring additional seating, Initiative, SITES. As a result it was native American plants, patio gardens, rain gardens, an edible garden, and accessible gardening areas. Former Land Uses Terrestrial Biome Bartholdi Park, a triangular parcel of land originally known Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests. as square 578 was initially developed, although minimally, around 1857. Through 1865 only one structure was in place on this parcel. By the 1890s there were a number of houses and a school on this property. By 1902 the Senate Budget Parks Commission, the McMillian Commission was, among other things, proposing the removal of buildings and Bartholdi Park public realm improvements (hard and soft infrastructure from what would become the National Mall. costs): $3,824,570 total. This included eventually moving the US Botanic Garden to it’s current location, including the Fountain to what became, Bartholdi Park. The cast iron fountain sculpted by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi (later famous for the Statue of Liberty) previously stood at the 1876 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia’s Fairmount Park. Landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr., who was redesigning the Capitol grounds at the time, learned that the fountain was available and recommended to Architect of the Capitol Edward Clark that it be bought and placed in a suitable location. The fountain in the parks center was purchased in 1877 by the United States Congress for $6,000 and placed at the United States Botanic Garden’s original site. A new water basin was built opposite the original U.S. Botanic Garden Conservatory’s north front to receive the fountain. Prior to 1930 construction of the new USBG off the mall, both parcels, 576 and 578 were cleared of existing development. At some point after 1865 the Washington Canal on the west border of square 578 was covered and became Canal Street (Washington Avenue). Square 578, future Bartholdi Park, was developed in the late 1800s with a number of houses along Canal St, First Street, SW, B Street SW (Independence Ave) and a school on First St. The fountain then moved to its present location in Bartholdi Park (square 578) in 1932 when the U.S. Botanic Garden was moved. Budget: Bartholdi Park public realm improvements (hard and soft costs): $3,824,570 Union Square, US Botanic Garden, Bartholdi Park and Square 575 CLR Chapter 3: Old Botanic Garden to Union Square, 1866 to 1926 Figure3.7 PalmsinbarrelplantersanddensetreeplantingswithfoliagesimilartohorseͲchestnut (Aesculus1928 sp.)createdavisualbarrieralongtheconcretewalkbetweentheConservatoryandthe BartholdiThe 1928Fountain survey ofplaza Square in578the showslate small1800s. residentialCourtesy lots ArchitectoftheCapitol.(USSͲAOCͲc1879ͲBGͲ and a school building that occupied the square before property 5709) purchases, clearance and transformation into Bartholdi Park. Figurelate 1800s3.8 - Bartholdi FountainApanoramic on originalphotograph USBG site just westfrom of whatthe islate now1800s the easternshowed end of thethe Nationalspatial Mall.relationshipbetween theBartholdiFountain,theConservatory,andtheCapitol.Peonybedsframedthewideconcrete pavingoftheplazanorthoftheConservatory.CourtesyArchitectoftheCapitol.(USSͲAOCͲc1879ͲBGͲ 5704) before renovation images 15 May 2014 50% Draft Heritage Landscapes LLC Page 3.30 Site Context Across Independence Avenue from the U.S. Botanic Garden Conservatory, USBG Bartholdi Park is 53,095 sf or 1.22 acres. Climate: Pre-design site opportunities: Average 39.74 inches of rainfall annually 1) Project site being located in existing urban site 80th percentile rainfall event = 0.80 inches with phenomenal proximity to numerous services 90th percentile rainfall event = 1.20 inches and existing infrastructure (transportation, utilities, 95th percentile rainfall event = 1.51 inches stormwater drainage, wastewater treatment, solid typical July high and low temps: 88 F°/72 F° waste management): The design team looked at typical January high and low temps: 48 F°/28 F° integrating visitor traffic flow into paths and entrances, winter winds: westerly/southwest alternative energy possibilities, stormwater capture and summer winds: south, southwesterly storage, as well as on site composting. Due to the size of the site some of these, like on site composting, were Pre-design site constraints: deemed not feasible. 1) Subsurface soil conditions – were largely unknown, 2) Previously developed urban site. other than multitude of underground infrastructure for 3) Understanding of site user groups (data) and existing security, elec and telecommunications, city water, and open space and public realm deficiencies that could steam and chilled water from central power plant. be addressed during site redesign; 2) Circulation and DC security: Access to the site would 4) Existing plant + hardscape materials available for only be allowed off of Washington Avenue, meaning the reuse (per materials survey); project had to proceed from the inside out to entrance gate. The design and construction had to take into 5) Support human health and well being through design , consideration lack of onsite storage, frequent and programming, and site use policies; changing requests from U.S. Capitol Police (USCP), 6. Highly visible public space. and need for noise levels to not disturb Congressional offices in the adjacent Rayburn House Office Building. Access to the site also required security screening by USCP at an offsite facility for delivery and construction equipment requiring additional planning and scheduling. 3) Sensitive soils and existing plant
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