DOCSLIB.ORG

BASF Factbook 2011

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
BASF Factbook 2011 Interim report first half 2011 July 28, 2011 Interim report third quarter 2011 Oct. 27, 2011 Full year results 2011 Feb. 24, 2012 Annual Meeting 2012 / Interim report first quarter 2012 April 27, 2012 BASF SE Reports and other presentations are available on the internet at: BASF Factbook 2011 Investor Relations basf.com/share Phone: + 49 621 60-48230 Printed copies of publications can be ordered Fax: + 49 621 60-22500 basf.com/mediaorders – or by phone: + 49 621 60-91827 E-mail: [email protected] We create chemistry Publisher BASF SE, Investor Relations, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany BASF Corporation BASF Investor Relations U.S. Concept and design 100 Campus Drive Irlenkäuser Communication Florham Park, NJ 07932, USA Photography Phone: +1 973 245 6013 BASF Archive, ClipDealer, Fotolia, Getty Images, Rainer Holz, Masterfile, PIXELIO Fax: +1 973 245 6714 E-mail: [email protected] Published in June 2011 BASF – Letter from CEO IR Team 93 Andrea Wentscher Juliane Schöningh IR Manager Retail Investors IR Manager Sustainability +49 621 60-42296 +49 621 60-43267 Evelyn Pox Danny Grüner IR Manager Creditor Relations Junior IR Manager Kurt Bock Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors of BASF SE +49 621 60-91423 +49 621 60-43263 Investment Highlights Silvia Dochnahl Caroline Schulz Senior Event Manager IR Event Manager IR +49 621 60-95023 +49 621 60-40308 #1 chemical company worldwide with balanced portfolio and long-term strategy Competitive advantage based on our unique Verbund concept Jennifer Rieß and operational excellence Event Manager IR +49 621 60-40308 Superior growth opportunities through strong positioning in growth markets, acquisitions in core businesses and an excellent innovation platform The following publications are also available Innovator and solution provider for the challenges of the future . BASF In Brief 2010 . BASF Report 2010 . Quarterly Reports Sustainable value creation based on a sound balance sheet . Capital Market Story and financial strength BASF Factbook, June 2011 BASF Factbook, June 2010 BASF – Letter from CEO 1 Dear Investors and Analysts, It is my pleasure to introduce this 5th edition of the BASF Factbook. Over the last years we have received excellent feedback from you and we have tried to improve our Factbook furthermore. I hope you will again find it a useful tool to better understand BASF – our strategy, our operations and our performance. Being The Chemical Company also means that BASF is quite large and complex: to form an investment opinion might require a little bit more time and effort from your side. We therefore try to make your work as simple as possible by putting all the essential information into one publication. For us, transparency and open communication are key to successful investor relations. Again, in 2010 our IR team received numerous awards for its professionalism and dedication, based considerably on your input. This Factbook extends our efforts to continue this strong record. 2010 was an excellent year for our industry and also for BASF. We overcame the economic crisis of 2008/09 much faster than anticipated. We have continued to transform BASF into a company which is highly innovative, closer to the end-user and more resilient to economic cycles. And, most importantly, we continued to deliver on our promise to earn a premium on our cost of capital. Today, BASF is extremely well prepared for the challenges and opportunities of the future. Our chemical innovations are the enablers to meet the ever increasing demand for sustainable solutions. Car manufacturers, for example, are turning to BASF for intelligent solutions that lower fuel consumption through light-weight plastics or reduce emissions through highly efficient catalysts and fuel additives. The acquisitions we have made in recent years have further strengthened our portfolio with businesses that bring us closer to the end-user. With the acquisition of Cognis, for example, we have now become the leading player in ingredients for personal and home care. This is a highly attractive and strongly growing business, particularly in emerging markets. Speaking of emerging markets, I would like to highlight our impressive investment record in these regions. Our continuously growing production bases in countries such as China, Malaysia and Brazil allow us to capture growth opportunities right at the heart of those markets. 2011 has brought a change in leadership. After eight successful years, Jürgen Hambrecht stepped down as Chairman and CEO of the company. He put open communications at the very heart of his management approach, incorporating many of your ideas. In my new role I am looking forward to continuing this intensive engagement with investors and analysts and I welcome and encourage your input and feedback. I highly appreciated the first-hand feedback I got during several introductory roadshows at the beginning of this year. At BASF we believe in long-term strategy. Hence, already a year ago we communicated the change at the helm of BASF. Our first class management team tries to anticipate future trends and take advantage of them. We will continue to relentlessly improve our operational excellence, concentrate on those areas and businesses where we have key strengths and seek growth opportunities as they arise. Moreover, we will strive to grow our leadership position in the chemicals industry to deliver above average returns to our shareholders. The management team and I look forward to speaking with you and hope you will continue to follow our development in the future. Best regards Kurt Bock Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors of BASF SE Ludwigshafen, June 2011 BASF Factbook, June 2011 2 BASF – Table of Contents 1 BASF – The Chemical Company The front cover shows how BASF’s products create value in people’s every- day lives, for example, with hygiene and home care products such as super- absorbents for diapers or environ- mentally friendly chelating agents for detergents. BASF Factbook, June 2011 BASF – Table of Contents 3 BASF – The Chemical Company 2 1.1 At a glance 4 1.2 Management Board 6 1.3 Strategy 8 1 ■ Strategic guidelines 10 ■ Portfolio management 12 ■ Acquisition of Ciba in 2009 14 ■ Acquisition of Cognis in 2010 15 ■ Emerging markets 16 1.4 Verbund 18 1.5 Innovation 22 1.6 Sustainability 28 1.7 Customer Interaction Models 32 Business Segments 34 2.1 Chemicals 36 ■ Inorganics 38 ■ Petrochemicals 40 2 ■ Intermediates 42 2.2 Plastics 44 ■ Performance Polymers 46 ■ Polyurethanes 48 2.3 Performance Products 50 ■ Dispersions & Pigments 52 ■ Care Chemicals 54 ■ Nutrition & Health 56 ■ Paper Chemicals 58 ■ Performance Chemicals 60 2.4 Functional Solutions 62 ■ Catalysts 64 ■ Construction Chemicals 66 ■ Coatings 68 2.5 Agricultural Solutions 70 ■ Crop Protection 72 2.6 Oil & Gas 74 ■ Exploration & Production 76 ■ Natural Gas Trading 78 Other 80 Financials 82 3.1 BASF on the capital market 84 3.2 Ten-year summary 86 3.3 Regional results 87 3 3.4 Factors influencing sales 88 3.5 Financing 89 3.6 Balance sheet 90 IR Team 92 BASF Factbook, June 2011 4 1. BASF – The Chemical Company . 1.1 At a glance 1.1 At a glance BASF today: We create chemistry BASF is the world’s leading chemical company – The Chemical Company. Our portfolio ranges from oil and gas to chemicals, plastics, performance products and agricultural products. As a reliable partner, we help our customers in virtually all industries to be more successful. Our high-value products and intelligent solutions play an important role in finding answers to global challenges such as climate protection, energy efficiency, nutrition and mobility. BASF key facts Key figures .About 109,000 employees worldwide – thereof 9,600 in R&D 2010 .Customers in more than 200 countries and in virtually all industries Sales € billion 63.9 .Top 3 market position in about 75% of our businesses EBITDA € billion 11.1 EBITDA margin % 17.4 .Unique Verbund concept: production plants linked intelligently to save resources and energy; six world-scale Verbund sites EBIT before special items € billion 8.1 worldwide – two Verbund sites in all major regions Net income € billion 4.6 .Know-how Verbund with 70 major R&D sites and >1,900 Operating cash flow € billion 6.5 research cooperations with customers, science and partners Earnings per share € 4.96 .Strong R&D pipeline; No.1 in Patent Asset Index Adjusted EPS € 5.73 Dividend € 2.20 Dividend yield*) % 3.7 *) Dividend yield based on share price at year-end BASF history: successful tradition Since 1865, we have been shaping the future with BASF – The Chemical Company. Chemistry is our chemistry and combining innovation with tradition. strength. It makes us and our customers successful, We are proud of who we are and what we do: today and in the future. 1945-1953 Reconstruction after the severe damage during the Second World 1925-1945 BASF becomes part of IG War. BASF reestablished as an indepen- 1865-1901 Friedrich Engelhorn founds Farben industrie AG. Advances in high- dent company in 1952. Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik to pro- 1901-1925 The synthesis of ammonia by pressure technology enable the produc- 1953-1965 Germany’s economic miracle duce coal tar dyes. Soon thereafter, the the Haber-Bosch process paves the way tion of synthetic gasoline and rubber and paves the way for the plastics era. BASF company gains a leading position in the for the production of synthetic nitrogen products from acet ylene. In 1931, the expands into markets with products such world dyes market with methylene blue, fertilizers. In 1919, the Nobel Prize in Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to as polystyrene, Styropor®, nylon and alizarin and indigo. Chemistry is awar ded to Fritz Haber. Carl Bosch. polyethylene. 1865 1901 1925 1945 BASF Factbook, June 2011 1.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Trade Names and Manufacturers
    Appendix I Trade names and manufacturers In this appendix, some trade names of various polymeric materials are listed. The list is intended to cover the better known names but it is by no means exhaustive. It should be noted that the names given may or may not be registered. Trade name Polymer Manufacturer Abson ABS polymers B.F. Goodrich Chemical Co. Acrilan Polyacrylonitrile Chemstrand Corp. Acrylite Poly(methyl methacrylate) American Cyanamid Co. Adiprene Polyurethanes E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Afcoryl ABS polymers Pechiney-Saint-Gobain Alathon Polyethylene E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Alkathene Polyethylene Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. Alloprene Chlorinated natural rubber Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. Ameripol cis-1 ,4-Polyisoprene B.F. Goodrich Chemical Co. Araldite Epoxy resins Ciba (A.R.L.) Ltd. Arnel Cellulose triacetate Celanese Corp. Arnite Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Algemene Kunstzijde Unie N.Y. Baypren Polychloroprene Farbenfabriken Bayer AG Beetle Urea-formaldehyde resins British Industrial Plastics Ltd. Ben vic Poly(vinyl chloride) Solvay & Cie S.A. Bexphane Polypropylene Bakelite Xylonite Ltd. Butacite Poly( vinyl butyral) E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Butakon Butadiene copolymers Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. Butaprene Styrene-butadiene copolymers Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. Butvar Poly(vinyl butyral) Shawinigan Resins Corp. Cap ran Nylon 6 Allied Chemical Corp. Carbowax Poly(ethylene oxide) Union Carbide Corp. Cariflex I cis-1 ,4-Polyisoprene Shell Chemical Co. Ltd. Carina Poly(vinyl chloride) Shell Chemical Co. Ltd. TRADE NAMES AND MANUFACTURERS 457 Trade name Polymer Manufacturer Carin ex Polystyrene Shell Chemical Co. Ltd. Celcon Formaldehyde copolymer Celanese Plastics Co. Cellosize Hydroxyethylcellulose Union Carbide Corp.
    [Show full text]
  • Polythf Elastomers from BASF
    Intermediates Expand your success on elastomers: PolyTHF BASF – We create chemistry BASF is the world’s leading chemical company. Its portfolio ranges from chemicals, plastics, performance products and crop protection products to oil and gas. We combine economic success, social responsibility and environmental protection. Through science and innovation we enable our customers in almost all industries to meet the current and future needs of society. Our products and system solutions contribute to conserving resources, ensuring healthy food and nutrition and helping to improve the quality of life. We have summed up this contribution in our corporate purpose: We create chemistry for a sustainable future. Top intermediates supplier The BASF Group’s Intermediates division develops, produces and markets a comprehensive portfolio of more than 600 intermediates around the world. The most important of the division’s product groups include amines, diols, polyalcohols, acids and specialties. Among other applications, intermedi- ates are used as starting materials for coatings, plastics, pharmaceuticals, textile fibers, detergents and crop protectants. Innovative intermediates from BASF help to improve the properties of final products and the efficiency of production processes. The ISO 9001:2000-certified Intermediates division operates plants at production sites in Europe, Asia and the Americas. 2 BASF’s PolyTHF BASF’s PolyTHF® is an important intermediate in manufacturing thermo- plastic polyurethane elastomers. These products are used for the manufacturing of highly abrasion-resistant and flexible hoses, films and cable sheatings. Other applications include thermoplastic polyetheresters, polyetheramide and cast polyurethane elastomers, proven for example in their use for skateboard and inline skates wheels. BASF’s PolyTHF laboratory in Shanghai is the first of its kind in the Asia Pacific region.
    [Show full text]
  • Ring Opening Polymerization of Tetrahydrofuran Catalysed by Maghnite-H+
    Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Vol. 30, No. 1, (2012), 5662 Chinese Journal of Polymer Science © Chinese Chemical Society Institute of Chemistry, CAS Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 RING OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF TETRAHYDROFURAN CATALYSED BY MAGHNITE-H+ Khadidja Benkenfoud, Amine Harrane* and Mohammed Belbachir Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Oran Es-Senia, BP No 1524 El M'Naouar, 31000 Oran, Algeria Abstract The cationic ring-opening polymerization of tetrahydrofuran using maghnite-H+ is reported. Maghnite-H+, is a non-toxic solid catalyst issued from proton exchanged montmorillonite clay. Polytetrahydrofuran, also called “poly(butandiol) ether”, with acetate and hydroxyl end groups was successfully synthesized. Effects of reaction temperature, weight ratio of initiator/monomer and reaction time on the conversion of monomer and on the molecular weight are investigated. A cationic mechanism of the reaction was proposed. This chemistry can be considered as a suitable route for preparing poly(THF) as a soft segment for thermoplastic elastomers. Keywords: Montmorillonite; Maghnite; Ring opening polymerization; THF. INTRODUCTION Significant advances have been made to prepare block and graft copolymers with known structures. This is often achieved by preparing a telechelic polymer with a functional end group capable of acting as an initiator or monomer and thus producing active sites for second block[1]. Polytetrahydrofuran (poly(THF)), with hydroxyl end groups, well known as poly(tetramethylene glycol), is a very important soft segment for producing thermoplastic elastomers such as polyester (Hytrel®) and polyurethane (Spandex®)[2]. THF reacts with cationic initiators to give poly(THF). Such reaction has been the subject of a number of papers[25] since Meerwein reported trialkyloxonium salt as initiator[6].
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,111,147 Sigwart Et Al
    USOO6111147A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,111,147 Sigwart et al. (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 29, 2000 54 PROCESS FOR PREPARING 4,485,005 11/1984 O’Hara. POLYTETRAHYDROFURAN AND 5,773,648 6/1998 Becker et al.. DERVATIVES THEREOF FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 75 Inventors: Christoph Sigwart, Schriesheim; Karsten Eller, Ludwigshafen; Rainer 4433 606 3/1996 Germany. Becker, Bad Duerkheim; Klaus-Dieter 19507399 9/1996 Germany. Plitzko, Limburgerhof, Rolf Fischer, 19527 532 1/1997 Germany. Heidelberg; Frank Stein, Bad WO 96/09335 3/1996 WIPO. Duerkheim; Ulrich Mueller, Neustadt; Michael Hesse, Worms, all of Germany Primary Examiner Johann Richter 73 Assignee: BASF Aktiengesellschaft, ASSistant Examiner Brian J. Davis Ludwigshafen, Germany Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Oblon, Spivak, McClelland, 21 Appl. No.: 09/269,210 Maier & Neustadt, P.C. 22 PCT Filed: Sep. 23, 1997 57 ABSTRACT 86 PCT No.: PCT/EP97/05204 Polytetrahydrofuran, copolymers of tetrahydrofuran and S371 Date: Apr. 1, 1999 2-butyne-1,4-diol, diesters of these polymers with C-Co monocarboxylic acids or monoesters of these polymers with S 102(e) Date: Apr. 1, 1999 C1-Co-monocarboxylic acids are prepared by polymeriza 87 PCT Pub. No.: WO98/15589 tion of tetrahydrofuran in the presence of one of the telogens water, 1,4-butanediol, 2-butyne-1,4-diol, polytetrahydrofu PCT Pub. Date: Apr. 16, 1998 ran having a molecular weight of from 200 to 700 Dalton, 30 Foreign Application Priority Data a C-Co-monocarboxylic acid or an anhydride of a C-Co monocarboxylic acid or a mixture of these telogens over a Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,641,857 Dostalek Et Al
    USOO5641857A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,641,857 Dostalek et al. 45 Date of Patent: Jun. 24, 1997 54 PREPARATION OF 56 References Cited POLYTETRAHYDROFURAN U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 75) Inventors: Roman Dostalek, Roemerberg; Rolf Fischer, Heidelberg; Ulrich Mueller, 4,303,782 12/1981 McHale et al. ......................... 528/416 Neustadt; Rainer Becker, Bad 5,208,385 5/1993 Kahn et al. ... Durkheim, all of Germany 5,466,778 11/1995 Lambert et al. .. 73) Assignee: BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Primary Examiner-Morton Foelak Ludwigshafen, Germany Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Keil & Weinkauf 21 Appl. No.: 545,753 57 ABSTRACT 22 PCT Filed: May 3, 1994 Polytetrahydrofuran or polytetrahydrofuran monoesters of 86 PCT No.: PCT/EP94/O1403 C1-Co-monocarboxylic acids or polytetrahydrofuran monoethers of monohydric C-C2-alcohols, having an S371 Date: Nov. 7, 1995 average molecular weight of from 250 to 10,000 Dalton and $ 102(e) Date: Nov. 7, 1995 liquid at room temperature, are prepared by the cationic polymerization of tetrahydrofuran in the presence of a 87 PCT Pub. No.: WO92/26803 telogen by a process in which tetrahydrofuran is polymer ized in the presence of water, 1,4-butanediol and/or poly PCT Pub. Date: Nov. 24, 1994 tetrahydrofuran having an average molecular weight of from 30 Foreign Application Priority Data 200 to 700 Dalton and/or of a C-Co-monocarboxylic acid and/or of a monohydric C-Co-alcohol with the aid of a May 14, 1993 DE Germany .......................... 43 16 138.3 catalytic amount of a zeolite catalyst which has an SiO2 (51) Int.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomimetic Polyurethane 3D Scaffolds Based on Polytetrahydrofuran
    polymers Article Biomimetic Polyurethane 3D Scaffolds Based on Polytetrahydrofuran Glycol and Polyethylene Glycol for Soft Tissue Engineering Kun Luo, Li Wang * , Xiaohu Chen, Xiyang Zeng, Shiyi Zhou *, Peicong Zhang and Junfeng Li * College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China; [email protected] (K.L.); [email protected] (X.C.); [email protected] (X.Z.); [email protected] (P.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (S.Z.); [email protected] (J.L.) Received: 30 September 2020; Accepted: 3 November 2020; Published: 9 November 2020 Abstract: In this study, a novel polyurethane porous 3D scaffold based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polytetrahydrofuran glycol (PTMG) was developed by in situ polymerization and freeze drying. Aliphatic hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as a nontoxic and safe agent was adopted to produce the rigid segment in polyurethane polymerization. The chemical structure, macrostructure, and morphology—as well as mechanical strength of the scaffolds—were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and tensile tests. The results show that the HDI can react mildly with hydroxyl (–OH) groups of PEG and PTMG, while gas foaming action caused by the release of CO2 occurred simultaneously in the reactive process, resulting in a uniform porous structure of PU scaffold. Moreover, the scaffolds were soaked in water and freeze dried to obtain higher porosity and more interconnective microstructures. The scaffolds have a porosity of over 70% and pore size from 100 to 800 µm. The mechanical properties increased with increasing PEG content, while the hydrophilicity increased as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis and Characterization of Crosslinked Polyurethane-Clay Nanocomposites
    Synthesis and Characterization of Crosslinked Polyurethane-Clay Nanocomposites A thesis submitted to the Division of Research and Advanced Studies University of Cincinnati In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2015 In the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering College of Engineering and Applied Science By Shirley Peng B.S. Chemistry, State University of New York at Oswego, 2013 Abstract A series of crosslinked polyurethane (PU)-clay nanocomposites were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their corrosion protective properties. The neat PU system was synthesized through the prepolymer route and based on polytetrahydrofuran as the soft segment, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate as the hard segment and glycerin as the crosslinker. PU nanocomposites were prepared via in-situ polymerization with concentrations of Cloisite 30B clay varied between 0.25 wt% and 10 wt%. Coatings were prepared by solution casting the neat PU and PU nanocomposites onto Al2024-T3 substrates and curing the specimens thermally. The chemical composition of neat PU and PU nanocomposites were elucidated using Fourier-Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The dispersion and conformation of clay layers was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of clay on the morphology of the PU matrix was examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Rheological studies were performed to understand the influence of clay and temperature on the viscosity of PU. The structure and mechanical properties were characterized using dynamic mechanical spectroscopy (DMS). Surface energy was determined using a dynamic contact angle (DCA) analyzer. Corrosion performance was evaluated using direct current polarization (DCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,074,944 B2 Steinbrenner Et Al
    USOO7074944B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,074,944 B2 Steinbrenner et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 11, 2006 (54) METHOD FOR PRODUCING (51) Int. Cl. POLYTETRAHYDROFURAN C07D 307/77 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................ ... 549/429 (75) Inventors: Ulrich Steinbrenner, Neustadt (DE), (58) Field of Classification Search ................. 5497.429 Martin Haubner, Eppelheim (DE): See application file for complete search history. Achim Gerstlauer, Ludwigshafen (DE); Thomas Domschke, Speyer (56) References Cited (DE); Christoph Sigwart, Schriesheim (DE); Stefan Kashammer, Schifferstadt U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (DE) 5,886,138 A 3/1999 Mueller (73) Assignee: BASF Aktiengesellschaft, 6,362,312 B1 3/2002 Eller et al. Ludwigshafen (DE) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS WO 99.36459 7, 1999 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 OTHER PUBLICATIONS U.S.C. 154(b) by 333 days. Tanabe et al. Studies in Surface Sci. and Catalysis, vol. 51, 108-128, 1989. (21) Appl. No.: 10/485,685 Tanabe et al..Studes in Surface Sci. and Catalysis vol. 51, (22) PCT Filed: Jul. 26, 2002 199-210, 1989. Primary Examiner Taofiq Solola (86). PCT No.: PCT/EPO2AO8340 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Novak Druce & Quigg, S 371 (c)(1) LLP, Jason D. Voight (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO03/014 189 In a process for the single-stage preparation of polytetrahy drofuran and/or tetrahydrofuran copolymers having a mean PCT Pub. Date: Feb. 20, 2003 molecular weight of from 650 to 5000 dalton by polymer (65) Prior PublicationO O Data ization of tetrahydrofurany over an acid catalvsty in the presence of at least one telogen and/or comonomer, the US 2004/O186269 A1 Sep.
    [Show full text]
  • Ring-Closing Depolymerization of Polytetrahydrofuran to Produce Tetrahydrofuran Using Heteropolyacid As Catalyst
    Polymer Degradation and Stability 144 (2017) 17e23 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Polymer Degradation and Stability journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/polydegstab Ring-closing depolymerization of polytetrahydrofuran to produce tetrahydrofuran using heteropolyacid as catalyst * Yuqi Wang a, , Yujie Hou b, Hongyan Song a a Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Biorefinery, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 27 South Taoyuan Road, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China b College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China article info abstract Article history: This paper mainly explores the degradation of polytetrahydrofuran to prepare tetrahydrofuran. Various Received 6 June 2017 catalysts including different Lewis' acids and protonic acids are investigated in the degradation process of Received in revised form polytetrahydrofuran. The results show that heteropolyacids exhibit higher catalytic activity and stability 29 July 2017 than other catalysts. The optimal conditions for the degradation of polytetrahydrofuran using hetero- Accepted 1 August 2017 polyacids (eg. phosphotungstic acid) as catalyst are phosphotungstic acid: polytetrahydrofuran ¼ 1: 10 Available online 2 August 2017 (mass ratio), 130 C, 15 min, and the yield of tetrahydrofuran is greater than 95%. Heteropolyacid cata- lysts, especially phosphotungstic acid, could be separated easily and reused up to 10 times, and the yield Keywords: Ring-closing depolymerization of tetrahydrofuran reaches up to 90% when the catalyst phosphotungstic acid is reused 10 times. Polytetrahydrofuran Meanwhile, the degradation mechanism of polytetrahydrofuran using phosphotungstic acid as catalyst is Protonic acid catalysis explored via NMR and FT-IR methods, and the ether bonds (C-O-C) cleavage mechanism is proposed.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy-Dependent Collision-Induced Dissociation of Lithiated Polytetrahydrofuran: Effect of the Size on the Fragmentation Properties
    Energy-Dependent Collision-Induced Dissociation of Lithiated Polytetrahydrofuran: Effect of the Size on the Fragmentation Properties Ákos Kuki,a Lajos Nagy,a Antony Memboeuf,b László Drahos,b Károly Vékey,b Miklós Zsuga,a and Sándor Kékia a Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary b Institute of Structural Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary The fragmentation properties of singly and doubly lithiated polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) were studied using energy-dependent collision-induced dissociation. The product ion spectrum of ϩ [PTHF ϩ Li] showed the formation of three different series corresponding to product ions with hydroxyl, aldehyde and vinyl end-groups. Interestingly, besides these series, two ϩ ϩ additional, non-lithiated product ions C H O and C H were identified in the MS/MS 4 9 4 7 ϩ spectra. The MS/MS of the doubly lithiated PTHF ([PTHF ϩ 2Li]2 ) with a number of repeat units ranging from 8 to 27 showed the formation of product ions similar to those of the singly lithiated series, however, doubly lithiated product ions and product ions formed by the loss of ϩ one Li -ion from the precursor ion also appeared with significant abundances. Analysis of the breakdown curves for the singly and doubly charged PTHF indicated that the series A ions are formed most probably together with the series B ions, while members of the series C ions appeared at significantly higher collision energies. The fragmentation properties of [PTHF ϩ ϩ ϩ Li] and [PTHF ϩ 2Li]2 were also interpreted using the survival yield method.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,658,431 Janson Et Al
    US005658431A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,658,431 Janson et al. 45 Date of Patent: Aug. 19, 1997 54 METHOD FOR PREVENTING YELLOWING 56 References Cited OF LIGNOCELLULOSC PRODUCTS U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 75) Inventors: Jan Janson. Esbo; Ingegerd 3,674,632 7/1972 Wennergren et al. ............... 162/64. Forsskåhl, Vanda; Taina Korhonen, 4,474,919 10/1984 Polatajko-Lobos .................... 427/39. Espoo, all of Finland Primary Examiner-Peter Chin 73) Assignee: Oy Keskuslaboratorio Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Kubovcik & Kubovcik Centrallaboratorium AB, Espoo, Finland 57 ABSTRACT The invention relates to a method for protecting lignocellu 21 Appl. No.: 425,396 losic material against yellowing caused by light or heat. The (22 Filed: Apr. 20, 1995 invention further concerns brightness stabilizing composi tions intended for treatment of lignocellulosic materials. (30) Foreign Application Priority Data According to the invention, polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) is used as the brightness stabilizing agent. Preferably PTHF Apr. 20, 1994 FI) Finland .................................... 941815 having a molar mass of about 150 to 1500 is used. The (51) Int. Cl. ..................... D21h 17/36 invention provides a good stabilization of lignocellulosic (52) U.S. Cl. .......................... 162/135; 162/158; 162/160; pulp and of products containing such pulp, whereby the 162/164.1; 427/391; 252/301.21; 252/407 amount of PTHF required can be extremely small, e.g., 58) Field of Search .................................... 162/158, 160, 0.05-5% of the weight of the material. 162/135, 164.1. 1643; 427/391; 106/287.23, 287.26; 252/301.21, 407 14 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Development and Characterization of Segmented Polyurethanes Based on L-Amino Acid Based Chain Extenders
    Development and characterization of segmented polyurethanes based on L-amino acid based chain extenders A Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Swati Sharma (M.Sc. Biochemistry) Faculty of Life and Social Sciences Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Australia February 2016 Abstract The acid catalysed Fischer and alkali metal salt based esterification reactions were used to synthesise a series of diamine ester and dihydroxy ester compounds respectively from various naturally occurring L-amino acids. L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-phenylalanine, L- tyrosine amino acid were used to synthesise diamine diester compounds whilst amine group protected L-Z-serine, L-Z-threonine and L-Z-tyrosine amino acids were used to synthesise novel dihydroxy diester compounds. For the dihydroxy ester compounds, in particular, optimisation of the reaction temperature was done. The yield for both diamine and dihydroxy ester synthesis were ~ 80 % and 85% respectively. Few of the synthesised ester compounds were yellow colour oil and few of them were white solid in appearance. The synthesised compounds were fully characterised by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared resonance spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. The success of the reaction and the purity of the synthesised compounds were confirmed by these techniques. The intended purpose of the synthesis of these novel amino acid based ester compounds is to use them as dihydroxy and diamine chain extender for polyurethane and polyurethane urea synthesis. A series of polyurethane and polyurethane urea based on amino acid based chain extender (mentioned above) was synthesised. Polycaprolactone (Mw1000) act as polyol and 4,4- methylenediphenyl diisocyanate act as diisocyanate component for polyurethane synthesis.
    [Show full text]