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W Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera can be summarized as most of Africa mellifera) and Western and Central Europe. Rachael E. Bonoan1 and Philip T. Starks2 1Department of Biology, Providence College, Introduction Providence, RI, USA 2Department of Biology, Tufts University, Our relationship with honey bees dates back to Medford, MA, USA prehistoric times and likely began with the search for honey. A cave painting in Spain (circa 10,000– 8,000 BC) shows hunter gatherers in pursuit of the Synonyms sugar-rich food. To harvest honey, hunter gathers destroyed the whole hive and, to avoid stings, Hive bee collected the product as quickly as possible [5]. The bee’s life is like a magic well: the more you The San people of South Africa advanced honey draw from it, the more it fills with water. (Karl von harvesting by taking ownership of feral colonies, Frisch) marking them with rocks or sticks outside the entrance. This primitive form of beekeeping advanced to man-made hives, apiaries, and the Definition agricultural system we have today. The transition from hunting bees to keeping ▶ Honey bees (genus Apis) are a distinct group of 9– them ( Beekeeping or Apiculture) required sub- 12 species of highly social bees. One of these, A. stantial care and control, starting with providing fi mellifera, has been of intense interest to humans the colony with a suitable home. The rst man- since antiquity and has long been the most thor- made hive was likely a hollow log, which would oughly studied of all invertebrate animals. In fact, have been possible to produce with Stone Age until two centuries ago, the study of social insects tools [5].
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