Vol. 28 / No. 2 / Summer 2018

IndependentNEWSLETTER OF THE INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE

Answering the Call to End Poverty IN THIS ISSUE By Robert M. Whaples Pope Francis has renewed the world’s attention 1 Answering the on how we might uplift the lives of the poor. Call to End Poverty His invitation for an open dialogue about free- market capitalism and government anti-poverty President’s Letter 2 campaigns should be welcomed by people of all creeds. In this regard, economists have much to 3 New Book: offer in overcoming confusion over causes and solutions as my colleagues T.R.M. Howard and I explain in our recent book, Pope Francis and the Caring Society. Our first lesson is a simple, under-reported fact: Absolute poverty around 4 Independent Institute the globe is not a growing problem, but a diminishing one. in the News In 2015, the World Bank announced that the rate of extreme poverty— defined as earning less than $1.90 per day—had dropped below 10 percent 5 New Opportunities for the first time in history. More than one billion people since 1990 have for a Free Society escaped dire impoverishment. It is no coincidence that poverty had fallen the most in countries that have adopted more market-friendly reforms, namely China, India, and Indonesia. 6 Unique Voice in Latin This points to our second lesson: the causal link between economic America and Beyond freedom and higher standards of living. When voluntary exchange and private-property rights are vigilantly 7 Improving User protected, the economic system becomes an engine of opportunity, enabling Engagement for people to work their way up the ladder, including by starting their own Greater Impact businesses. The resulting additional wealth in turn gives people greater ability to give to those in need. 8 Lighthouse Society Lesson 3: Private charitable giving tends to be far more efficient and effective than government welfare programs funded with confiscatory taxes. This is partly due to competition: Philanthropies often must compete for donor funds, and to succeed they must demonstrate positive impacts. In addition, people respond to taxes by working less and becoming less productive. Pope Francis is justified in calling for us to create a more caring world— but government redistribution has shown that it isn’t up to the task. At a time when modest market-based reforms have enabled hundreds of millions of people to lift themselves out of poverty, let us take one step further. Let’s make even greater progress in fighting poverty by offering people more freedom to create—and voluntarily share—their prosperity. Pope Francis earns our gratitude for urging the world to help the less fortunate realize their birthright of dignity and well-being. The best way make that happen, however, is to respect the blessing of economic liberty.

Robert M. Whaples is Research Fellow at the Independent Institute, Professor of The Power of Independent Thinking Economics at Wake Forest University, co-editor of The Independent Review, and INDEPENDENT.ORG editor of Pope Francis and the Caring Society (Independent Institute, 2017). 2 INDEPENDENT

PRESIDENT’S LETTER Milestones for Liberty

for Best Book in Political/Current and business leader in Mississippi Events (awarded by the Indepen- and Chicago, to his calling as one dent Book Publishers Association). of America’s most inspirational China’s Great Migration tells civil rights leaders. the story of how people interact- Dr. Howard founded black ing voluntarily through their own community organizations, or- initiative and market-based enter- ganized civil rights rallies and prises—rather than bureaucratic boycotts, championed free enter- central planners—are the engines prise, critiqued Big Government of wealth creation and economic and socialism, mentored Medgar progress. Over the course of three Evers, fought the Ku Klux Klan, DAVID J. THEROUX decades, the book explains, 260 and helped lead the fight for justice Founder and President million people left China’s coun- for Emmett Till, Rosa Parks, and Since our founding in 1986, the tryside in search of urban jobs, many others. With a foreword by Independent Institute has been forcing the government to back Pulitzer Prize Finalist and two- deeply privileged to worked with off on its many restrictions and time Polk Award-winner Jerry many top scholars and policy ex- to begin recognizing the property W. Mitchell, this tribute to Dr. perts, and in the process, we have rights and new enterprises. T.R.M. Howard is long overdue. won over 70 book and film awards. From 1981 to 2011, the result- These books tell remarkable Now comes another prize-win- ing urbanization helped pull 753 stories of courage and can inspire ner, China’s Great Migration: million Chinese out of poverty. and instruct all of us today! We How the Poor Built a Prosperous Simply put, history’s largest migra- invite you to join with us to Nation by Independent Research tion spurred its greatest economic further the journey, advancing Fellow Bradley M. Gardner, a transformation. liberty-based emancipations from former East Asia correspondent for Our newest book, T.R.M. government folly—and building The Economist now with the U.S. Howard: Doctor, Entrepreneur, a better future—by becoming State Department. Civil Rights Pioneer, by Inde- an Independent Member. With In April it scored the best win- pendent Research Fellows and your tax-deductible membership, ning combination we’ve ever had for historians David T. and Linda you can receive a FREE copy of one of our books—two prestigious Royster Beito, also tells a pow- China’s Great Migration, Pope awards: the IPPY Gold Medal for erful story of transformation (see Francis and the Caring Society Best Book in Political/Economic/ p. 3). The book explores the life (p. 1), T.R.M. Howard (p. 3), The Foreign Affairs (awarded by In- of T.R.M. Howard through his Independent Review (p. 5), and dependent Publisher) and the es- humble beginnings in Kentucky, other publications, plus additional teemed Benjamin Franklin Award medical in California, benefits (see envelope). and successful career as a surgeon We look forward to working with you to advance all that only EXECUTIVE STAFF a free society provides! David J. Th eroux Founder, President, and Chief Executive O cer Ivan Eland Mary L. G. Th eroux Senior Fellow Senior Vice President John C. Goodman Sally S. Harris Martin Buerger Senior Fellow President, Saint James Place, Inc. Herman Belz Vice President and Stephen P. Halbrook Philip Hudner, Esq. Professor of History, Chief Financial O cer Senior Fellow Retired Lawyer University of Maryland William F. Shughart II Robert Higgs Gary G. Schlarbaum, Thomas Bethell Research Director and Senior Fellow Senior Fellow Author, The Noblest Triumph: Property Ph.D., CFA and Prosperity Through the Ages Roy M. Carlisle Lawrence J. McQuillan Managing Director, Acquisitions Director Senior Fellow Palliser Bay Investment Management Thomas Borcherding Professor of Economics, Jason Monaghan Susan Solinsky Claremont Graduate School Publications Director Robert H. Nelson Co-Founder, Vital Score Senior Fellow Boudewijn Bouckaert Carl P. Close Benjamin Powell W. Dieter Tede Professor of Law, Research Fellow, Senior Editor Senior Fellow Former President, Hopper Creek Winery University of Ghent, Paul J. Theroux Randy T Simmons David J. Teece, Ph.D. Allan C. Carlson Technology Director Senior Fellow Chairman and CEO, President Emeritus, Howard Center for Berkeley Research Group, LLC Stephanie N. Watson Alexander Tabarrok Family, Religion, and Society Development Director Senior Fellow David J. Theroux Robert D. Cooter Rebeca Zuñiga Founder and President, Herman F. Selvin Professor of Law, Alvaro Vargas Llosa The Independent Institute University of California, Berkeley Digital Communications Director Senior Fellow Alisha Luther Mary L. G. Theroux Robert W. Crandall Richard K. Vedder Former Chairman, Garvey International Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution Director of Administration Senior Fellow Robert M. Whaples Richard A. Epstein Managing Editor and Co-Editor, BOARD OF ADVISORS New York University The Independent Review BOARD OF DIRECTORS A. Ernest Fitzgerald Christopher J. Coyne Author, The High Priests of Waste Co-Editor, The Independent Review Leszak Balcerowicz Gilbert I. Collins Professor of Economics, George Gilder Michael C. Munger Private Equity Manager Warsaw School of Economics Senior Fellow, Discovery Institute Co-Editor, The Independent Review John Hagel III, J.D. Jonathan J. Bean Nathan Glazer Bruce L. Benson Co-Chairman, Center for the Edge, Professor of History, Professor of Education and Sociology, Senior Fellow Deloitte & Touche USA LLC Southern Illinois University Newsletter of the Independent Institute 3

NEW BOOK Remembering an African-American Champion of Liberty

Doctor, Entrepreneur, Theodore Roosevelt Mason He continued to Civil Rights Pioneer

“T. R. M.” Howard excelled push for reopening David T. Beito and in every realm he pursued, be of the case. Linda Royster Beito Foreword by Jerry W. Mitchell it hunting, medicine, public After moving to With an Afterword by the Authors speaking, entrepreneurship, Chicago in 1956, he opinion journalism, or polit- founded the profit- INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE ical activism. His remarkable able Howard Medical Center on the South Side and story has never been told bet- served as president of the National Medical Associa- ter than in T.R.M. Howard: tion, the black counterpart of the American Medical Doctor, Entrepreneur, and Association. In 1958, he ran for the U.S. House of Civil Rights Pioneer, by his- Representatives as a Republican against the powerful torians David T. and Linda black Democratic incumbent William L. Dawson, a Royster Beito (Independent close ally of Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley. Institute, 2018). Meanwhile, Howard helped found the Chicago Born into poverty in 1908, League of Negro Voters, which nurtured the black Howard used his quick mind independent movement of the 1960s and 1970s. In and boundless energy to be- 1965, Howard chaired a Chicago committee to raise come one of the great renaissance men in U.S. history. money for the children of the recently assassinated At a time when government-backed segregation leader Malcolm X. curtailed opportunities for African-Americans, he became a surgeon and founded hospitals and medical “T.R.M. Howard was a towering associations, launched business enterprises that made freedom fighter. Too often forgotten! him one of the wealthiest black men in Mississippi, The powerful and insightful book, and mentored or inspired black civil rights activists T.R.M. Howard, corrects the historical such as Medgar Evers and Rosa Parks. record and keeps his precious In the 1950s, Howard created a civil rights memory fresh for us!” movement in the Mississippi Delta that featured —Cornel R. West, Professor of Public mass rallies, campaigns against police brutality and Philosophy, Harvard Divinity School disfranchisement, and a statewide boycott. He even drew the wrath of J. Edgar Hoover, who denounced Dr. Howard founded black community organi- him in an open letter for criticizing the FBI’s refusal zations, organized civil rights rallies and boycotts, to investigate the murder of 14-year-old Emmett Till. championed free enterprise, critiqued Big Govern- In 1956, the Chicago Defender awarded Howard ment and socialism, and fought the Ku Klux Klan. the top spot on its annual national honor role. But Meticulously researched and lucidly written, Howard and his family increasingly faced death T.R.M. Howard tells a captivating story offers hope threats and economic pressure. In speeches and and inspiration as Americans consider the next steps writings, he put forward the now-proven theory that for securing liberty and justice for all. more than two people took part in Till’s murder. For more information, see www.trmhowardbook.com

Steve H. Hanke Professor of Applied Economics, Johns Hopkins University June E. O’Neill James J. Heckman Director, Center for the Study of Busi- Nobel Laureate in Economic Sciences, ness and Government, Baruch College University of Chicago P. J. O’Rourke Wendy Kaminer Author, Don’t Vote! - It Just Encourages Bruce M. Russett Contributing Editor, The Atlantic the Bastards and The Baby Boom Dean Acheson Professor of International Relations, Yale University Lawrence Kudlow James R. Otteson, Jr. Chief Executive O cer, Professor of Economics, Wake Forest Pascal Salin Kudlow & Company University Professor of Economics, Arnold S. Trebach University of Paris, France Professor of Criminal Justice, John R. MacArthur Thomas J. Peters, III Publisher, Harper’s Magazine Co-Author, In Search of Excellence: Vernon L. Smith Lessons from America’s Best-Run Nobel Laureate in Economic Sciences, William Tucker Deirdre N. McCloskey Companies Chapman University Author, The Excluded Americans: Distinguished Professor of Liberal Arts Homelessness and Housing Policies and Sciences, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago Charles E. Phelps Joel H. Spring Provost and Professor of Political Professor of Education, Queens College Richard E. Wagner J. Huston McCulloch Science and Economics, University of and Graduate Center, City University Hobart R. Harris Professor of Professor of Economics, Rochester of New York Economics, Ohio State University Daniel N. Robinson Rodney Stark Paul H. Weaver Thomas Gale Moore Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Distinguished University Professor of Author, News and the Culture of Senior Fellow, Hoover Institution Philosophy, the Social Sciences, Baylor University Lying and The Suicidal Corporation Charles Murray Paul H. Rubin Richard L. Stroup Walter E. Williams Senior Fellow, Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Adjunct Professor of Economics, Distinguished Professor of Economics, American Enterprise Institute Economics, Emory University North Carolina State University George Mason University 4 INDEPENDENT

Independent Institute in the News

Center on Entrepreneurial Innovation Center on Health and the Environment “No, Trump’s tariffs won’t cost the American econ- “Fortunately, even the FDA offers a compromise omy jobs, but they will make us poorer and less between urgency and safety. From 2005 to 2014, efficient. There is nothing great about that.” the FDA approved 99.3 percent of expanded-access —Benjamin Powell in Fotrune, 3/7/18 applications. These applications, similar to right- “This is why the Communist government sees the to-try laws, also offer patients access to unapproved growth of Christianity as a threat. To maintain its medical products. When the FDA itself recognizes control, the state must demand devotion to the that complete approval isn’t necessary, who could government above all else, particularly above the argue it is?” defiant and subversive ideas of devotion to faith, —Raymond March in The Hill, 2/13/18 family or individual liberties.” —Adam Summers and Lawrence J. McQuillan Center on Peace and Liberty in U.S. News & World Report, 3/2/18 “When you try to spend money that fast, you just end up wasting it,” said Eland, the author of Eleven Center on Law and Justice Presidents: Promises vs. Results in Achieving “American students deserve better than to be placed Limited Government. “People with the most in ‘gun free’ killing zones. They deserve better than political power get the most money.” to live in an authoritarian regime in which only the —Ivan Eland in The Washington Post, 2/9/18 military, the police and criminals possess firearms. And they deserve to live in a society in which all Center on Global Prosperity provisions of the Bill of Rights are respected, where “It is premature to speak of a firm free-market trend those who claim to be law enforcement actually in Latin America. We can more accurately say that do their jobs, and where they are protected in fact the region, which on average has experienced no from those who would do harm.” economic growth since 2013 in part due to statist —Stephen P. Halbrook in The Sacramento Bee, policies, has the chance to embark on a whole 2/28/18 new beginning — if Colombians, Mexicans, and Brazilians do the right thing in 2018.” —Alvaro Vargas Llosa in The Hill, 1/3/18

Center on Culture and “At a time when even modest market-based reforms in many of the world’s most repressive nations have made historic progress in helping the poor lift themselves out of poverty, let us then continue on STEPHEN P. HALBROOK ON the benevolent path to alleviate poverty by offering FOX NEWS CHANNEL, 2/20/18 people the freedom to create—and voluntarily share—their increased prosperity.” Center on Educational Excellence —Robert M. Whaples in “California’s current education system, which largely Investor’s Business Daily, 1/26/18 rations education based on where a child’s parents can afford to live, is a relic of a bygone era. Such a system cannot provide the customized preparation students need. In contrast, tax-credit ESAs would empower parents and guardians to personalize their child’s education, and would foster an educational landscape that can quickly adapt to meet the diverse needs of students and their families.” —Vicki E. Alger in ROBERT M. WHAPLES ON The Orange County Register, 1/24/18 C-SPAN’S WASHINGTON JOURNAL, 3/10/18

VISIT OUR NEWSROOM AT INDEPENDENT.ORG/NEWSROOM TO READ THESE ARTICLES AND MORE. Newsletter of the Independent Institute 5

THE INDEPENDENT REVIEW New Opportunities for a Free Society

The Independent Review is around the World?: A Free-Market a unique resource for helping Mentality Index, 1990–2012”). readers learn about cutting-edge Newland’s index tracks the ideas and policy reforms that can public’s attitudes about (1) the transform lives. merits of competition, (2) the Here’s a look at two articles desirability of expanding pri- from our Spring 2018 issue. vate ownership of business and industry, and (3) whether or not Blockchain and the people view wealth creation as a Voluntary Society positive-sum game. Unfortunately, according to Voluntary efforts at funding Newland’s Free-Market Mental- ‘public goods’ (i.e., services with ity Index, the capitalist system benefits that spill over to the pop- has been losing popular support ulation at large) often fall short THE INDEPENDENT REVIEW around the globe for two decades. due to the free-rider problem. SPRING 2018 Compared to the 1990s, “much of This claim, at least, is a standard and property-title registry. By the world has shifted to a greater argument in support of coercive facilitating peer-to-peer trust, the faith in government intervention taxation to fund various govern- blockchain thus offers tremendous and regulation,” Newland writes. ment services, such as proper- potential to facilitate the funding Worded differently, advo- ty-rights enforcement, dispute of public goods voluntarily. cates of economic liberties have adjudication, national security, The news gets even better: the new opportunities to improve and local law enforcement. blockchain might even directly people’s understanding of how Could new technologies im- help curb government abuses. competition, individual rights, prove the prospects of voluntary “For example, distributed ledgers and wealth creation improve collective action, enabling public might help document and detail lives. Help us educate others goods without the heavy hand of actions taken by elected represen- by giving someone a subscrip- the tax man? Yes, answer Troy tatives and bureaucrats, making tion to The Independent Review. Malavika University economists the granting of crony favors much Nair and Daniel Sutter (“The easier to discover and penalize See www.independentreview.org Blockchain and Increasing Co- politically,” Nair and Sutter write. operative Efficacy”). The blockchain, for those Measuring Global Attitudes eSubscriptions who haven’t heard, is the digital Toward Capitalism Now Available! backbone that supports Bitcoin and similar computer-based cur- Is the free-market paradigm rencies. Like a constantly updated winning or losing the long- accountant’s ledger, the block- run contest for people’s hearts chain records every transaction and minds? The question has To download, please visit the: conducted with Bitcoin and real-world consequences because makes this history available to today’s attitudes shape tomor- • Apple App Store anyone in the Bitcoin network. row’s institutions. • Amazon App Store This transparency makes up for Surprisingly, given the im- • Magzter Digital Newsstand the lack of a third-party enforcer. portance of the issue, measures Single Issues: $2.99 Although the blockchain was of attitudes toward the market Annual Subscriptions: $9.99 invented to serve Bitcoin, entre- economy have been lacking. Eco- preneurs are developing other nomic historian Carlos Newland uses that overlap the realm of seeks to remedy this shortcoming traditional government services. with an index he has created that Examples include contract en- allows researchers to quantify the forcement, automated contracts, commitment of a country’s pop- regulation of corporations, assur- ulation to free-market ideas (“Is ance contracts, dispute resolution, Support for Capitalism Declining 6 INDEPENDENT

INDEPENDENT ABROAD Unique Voice in Latin America and Beyond

Independent Institute focuses largely on transfor- Independent Institute Research Fellow Gabriel mative public-policy change in the United States, Gasave, who runs our Spanish website and blog but we also strive to shine the light of peace, enter- (and has been translating our articles into Spanish prise, and opportunity around the world. since January 2003), also discusses liberty, peace, and prosperity at various academic events and me- dia appearances in Latin America. These include radio and TV shows in Argentina, Bolivia, and Guatemala on topics as varied as unemployment policy, Argentina’s elections, Venezuela’s turmoil, and the effects of U.S. policies in the region. During the past year, Gabriel’s speaking engage- ments included program on economic education at a high school in the suburbs of Buenos Aires, a seminar on the market process at the prestigious CEMA University, a lecture inspired by the brilliant French essayist Frédéric Bastiat on “What Is Seen and What Is Not Seen in Economics” for a workshop on economic journalism, and a talk on free-market principles in the city of San Nicolás. His presenta- Our leading international outreach program tion “How to Broadcast the Message of Liberty” was is our Spanish-language website and blog, which the closing talk at the Students for Liberty (SFL) bring pro-liberty ideas to countries where these Latin America summit in Buenos Aires. views might otherwise not be seen. As of early May, our website El Instituto Independiente www.elin- dependent.org featured 1,678 Spanish translations of commentaries articles from our English website. Our Spanish-language blog, Voces de Libertad, www.independent.typepad.com, has nearly 50,000 posts. Since its inception in November 2005, it has drawn almost 7 million viewers. Along with promoting Independent’s work, the blog publicizes the views of Latin American scholars on a host of issues affecting the region. STUDENTS ENJOY CAMRADERIE AT LIBERTY WORKSHOP As of early May, the website and blog have 26,089 followers on Facebook and 4,313 follow- The Spanish translation of his article “Vene- ers on Twitter. The top 10 countries from which zuelans Worldwide Vote Against Maduro’s Power visitors come are: Venezuela, Argentina, Ecuador, Grab” (written with our Senior Editor Carl Close) Mexico, Peru, Columbia, Spain, USA, Chile, was published on numerous pro-liberty websites in and Uruguay. We look forward to reaching new Latin America (as well as in USA Today). His paper audiences after we launch our Spanish page on on the life and work of the great Instagram. economist Ludwig von Mises (who gave a series of influential lectures in Argentina in 1959) will be published in a forthcoming book Freedom Thinkers and as articles in Comercio, the magazine of the Guayaquil Chamber of Commerce in Ecuador. The past year brought great change to Latin America as many countries replaced populist gov- ernments with more pro-market ones (Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Chile) while conditions in Venezuela continued to worsen. With your help, Indepen- GABRIEL GASAVE IN SAN NICOLÁS dent’s impact in the region will continue to grow ON SN DEBATE, 12/6/2017 and improve lives. Newsletter of the Independent Institute 7

ENGAGING ISSUES Improving User Engagement for Greater Impact

Independent Institute’s supporters often see • Culture and Society • Healthcare themselves as ambassadors for a more peaceful, • Defense and • International prosperous, and free society—diplomatically Foreign Policy engaging their family members, friends, and Economics and • Economy communities on matters of timeless principles Development as well as the leading topics of the day. • Education To help improve their understanding and • Energy and • Law and Liberty influence, Independent has overhauled the Issues Environment • Philosophy Directory of our website. • Entitlements Now it is easier than ever for our website and Religion and Welfare visitors to explore the thousands of op-eds, • Regulation journal articles, policy reports, book summaries, • Government reviews, and other publications that we have and Politics • Taxes and Budget produced since our inception more than 30 years ago—and to select appropriate material to We have drafted descriptions of each issue, share with their social networks, make use of in identified special contributions of our fellows, and Letters to the Editor, and draw upon for other highlighted content especially helpful for engag- grassroots efforts. ing a diverse audience of students, academicians, The Issues Directory overhaul began a few business people, opinion leaders, community years ago, when we realized that our then-num- organizers, and policymakers. ber of 66 subject categories was too large and Our Issues overhaul is part of our ongoing effort sprawling for visitors to navigate efficiently. to inspire and equip “communities of impact.” To give After internal discussion with staff, we concep- us feedback or learn how to become a more effective tualized the new structure. The scores of diverse ambassador of peace, prosperity, and liberty, please topics would be nested in 13 broader “parent” contact Development Director Stephanie Watson at categories: [email protected] or 510-632-0824. 8 The Lighthouse Society O‹ers Insight andInfluence Directors andspecialguests,more. dependent staff, anannualdinnerwithourBoard of Institute leadership, one-on-onemeetingswithIn- briefingcalls withIndependent to attendquarterly pendent Policy Forums, seating. some with reserved admissions toour thought-provokingmentary Inde benefits andcustomized experiences,suchascompli- free societies. and challenges whileadvancing individualliberty address today’s most pressing socialandeconomic helping tocreate transformationalpolicyideasthat for greater munity auniqueopportunity impact,by Institute’s mission. theIndependent role infurthering play acrucial whocompriseourLighthouseSocietysupporters Like abeaconilluminatingrocky shoreline, the NON-PROFIT ORG At higherlevels ofgiving, membersare invited Lighthouse Society members alsoenjoy special The LighthouseSociety offersourmembercom- US POSTAGE PAID 100 Swan Way KENT, OH Oakland, California 94621-1428 PERMIT #15 CHANGE SERVICE REQUESTED L IG HTHOUSE - or call510-632-0824. Development Director, [email protected] Society, please contact Stephanie Watson, with Independent Institute’s uniqueLighthouse If you wouldliketo learnmore aboutmembership ting commentary. Media—a collectionofourtopical,oftenhard-hit- semi-annual released Independent Institute books,andour journal, newsletter,quarterly ourpeer-reviewed quarterly house Society members receive TheIndependent benefits andfellowship. members underage40whoare eagertoenjoy unique Catalyst Circle—to betterengageLighthouseSociety Regardless oftheirlevel of giving,allLight- This year we’ve givingcircle—the addedanew S OC The Independent Review, allnewly Independent Thought: ADigestof email newsletter of the Independent Institute Independent the of newsletter email • • • • • Subscribe IETY

INDEPENDENT Current mediaprograms Upcoming events/special announcements New publications Insightful analysisandcommentary independent-institute linkedin.com/company @independentlnst instagram @independentlnst twitter.com independentinstitute youtube.com independentinstitute facebook.com FREE

to the weekly weekly to the