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R Ev Ol Ution TThehe RRussianussian RRevolutionevolution waswas oneone ofof thethe mostmost iimportantmportant eventsevents ofof thethe 20th20th century.century. ItIt hadhad a IA: mmassiveassive iimpactmpact onon thethe worldworld aandnd rrevolutionaryevolutionary RRUSSIA:USS mmovements,ovements, eespeciallyspecially iinn thethe pperioderiod aafterfter n , wworldorld wwarar ttwowo wwhenhen mmanyany ggroupsroups sseekingeeking ttoo v o l u t i o iimitatemitate thethe BolshevikBolshevik triumphtriumph inin RussiaRussia camecame RRevolution,e n ttoo power.power. TThehe rrevolutionevolution itselfitself showsshows ttwowo mmainain -Revolutio tthings.hings. Firstly,Firstly, tthehe revolutionrevolution vvalidatesalidates anarchistanarchist CCounter-Revolutionounter ccritiquesritiques ooff tthehe “workers“workers sstate”tate” oorr ““dictatorshipdictatorship t ooff tthehe pproletariat”roletariat” advocatedadvocated byby MarxistsMarxists andand AAnn Anarchist-CommunistAnarchist-Communis ootherther authoritarianauthoritarian socialists.socialists. Second,Second, thethe earlyearly pphaseshases ooff tthehe rrevolutionevolution pproviderovide aann eexamplexample AAnalysisnalysis ooff tthehe ooff hhowow ssocietyociety mmightight bbee rrunun iinn aann aanarchisticnarchistic ion mmanneranner wwithoutithout capitalism,capitalism, thethe statestate oror otherother RRussianussian RRevolutionevolut aauthoritarianuthoritarian systemssystems [BCBMB[B!CPPLT www.zabalazabooks.net “Knowledge is the key to be free!” bbyy JJoeoe LLicentiaicentia 31. Kronstadt Izvestia, no. 14 32. Guerin, No Gods, No Masters, p. 189 33. Goldman, My Disillusionment in Russian, Ch. 27 34. For more detailed refutation of these Bolshevik lies see Getzler, Kronstadt; Mett, Kronstadt; Avrich, Kronstadt; An Anarchist FAQ, section H.5, Goldman, My Further Disillusionment in Russian, Ch. 6; Berkman, The Bolshevik Myth, Ch. 38; Farber p. 189-195 RUSSIA: 35. Avrich, Kronstadt, p. 211 36. Farber, p. 173-174 37. Farber, p. 174-175 38. Quoted on Farber, p. 209 Revolution, 39. Lenin, 10th Party Congress, section 3 40. Farber, p. 175-176 41. quoted on Maximoff, Guillotine, p. 204 42. Farber, 28, 99-104, 113-143; Maximoff, Guillotine, p. 144-241 Counter-Revolution 43. Avrich, Bolshevik Opposition to Lenin 44. Farber, 199 45. Trotsky, Platform of the Opposition, Ch. 7 46. Viola, p. vii An Anarchist-Communist Analysis 47. Medvedev, p. 154 48. Medvedev, p. 167 of the Russian Revolution 49. Dunayevskaya, Marxism and Freedom, p. 227 50. Medvedev, p. 210 51. Medvedev, p. 234 Notes to Part 8: by Joe Licentia 1. Aves, 124-126; Figes, People’s Tragedy, p. 610; An Anarchist FAQ, section H.7.5 Notes to Part 9: 1. quoted in Guerin, Anarchism, p. 22 2. Bakunin, Statism and Anarchy, p. 177-182 3. Guerin, No Gods, No Masters, p. 39 4. Kropotkin, Conquest of Bread, p. 143 xxx/{bcbmb{bcpplt/ofu 31. Palij, p. 231-241 32. Quoted on Palij, p. 238 Contents: 33. Arshinov, p. 207 34. Footman, Civil War, p. 292 Part 1: Revolution in the Cities ......................................................... 5 35. Flood, Anarchist Army 36. Palij, ix Part 2: Agrarian Revolution ............................................................ 10 Part 3: Rise of the Bolsheviks ........................................................ 14 Notes to Part 7: Part 4: Counter-Revolution ........................................................... 28 1. Lenin, Left-Wing Communism, Ch. 7 Part 5: Civil War ................................................................................ 34 2. quoted in Anweiller, p. 239-240 3. Lenin, Speech at the Congress of Workers in Education and Socialist Culture Part 6: Revolutionary Ukraine ..................................................... 46 4. Lenin, The Trade Unions, The Present Situation and Trotsky’s Mistakes Part 7: Red Fascism Ascendant ...................................................... 55 5. Lenin, Left-Wing Communism, Ch. 5 6. Lenin, 10th Party Congress, section 3 Part 8: Kissinger-esque Excuses .................................................... 76 7. Trotsky, Terrorism and Communism, ch. 7 8. Breitman, p. 514 Part 9: Lessons of the Revolution ................................................ 80 9. Trotsky, Stalinism and Bolshevism Appendices 10. Bakunin, Power Corrupts 11. Kollontai, section one, part 6 Appendix A: On Right-Wing Estimates of The 12. Figes, People’s Tragedy, p. 683-684 Number Killed by Marxist-Leninism .............................................................. 88 13. Quoted on Palij, p. 27 Appendix B: The Russian Anarchist Movement ...................................... 90 14. Lincoln, p. 450-461; Carr vol. 1, p. 286-409 Appendix C: Timeline ......................................................................................... 91 15. Farber, p. 203-204 Appendix D: Glossary ......................................................................................... 95 16. Lincoln, p. 460-461; Carr vol. 1 p. 339-350 17. Maximoff, Guillotine, p. 171 Bibliography .................................................................................... 100 18. Read, p. 266 19. Carr, vol. 1 p. 348 Footnotes ........................................................................................... 107 20. Avrich, Kronstadt, p. 14 21. Maximoff, Guillotine, p. 177 22. Read, p. 271 23. Aves, p. 116 24. Aves, p. 112-155 25. Berkman, The Bolshevik Myth, ch. 38 Second Zabalaza Books Edition 26. Kronstadt Izvestia, no. 5 January 2018 27. Kronstadt Izvestia, no. 8 28. Kronstadt Izvestia, no. 4 29. Kronstadt Izvestia, no. 14 30. Kronstadt Izvestia, no. 6 2 Russia: Revolution, Counter-Revolution Joe-Licentia 111 43. Bradly 44. Voline, p. 429 45. Lincoln, p. 224 46. Figes, People’s Tragedy, p. 658-659; Lincoln p. 266-269 Notes to Part 6: The Russian Revolution was one of the most important events of the 20th 1. Arshinov, p. 47-51 century. It had a massive impact on the world and revolutionary movements, 2. Arshinov, p. 19 especially in the period after world war two when many groups seeking to 3. Palij, p. 58 imitate the Bolshevik triumph in Russia came to power. The revolution itself 4. Malet, p. 91 shows two main things. Firstly, the revolution validates anarchist critiques of 5. Malet, p. 85 the “workers state” or “dictatorship of the proletariat” advocated by Marxists 6. Arshinov, p. 82 and other authoritarian socialists. Anarchists have long predicted that these 7. Arshinov, p. 61 schemes would inevitably result in the creation of a new bureaucratic ruling 8. Read, p. 260 class that dominated and exploited the proletariat, a prediction that was proven 9. Arshinov, p. 84 correct in Russia and subsequent state socialist revolutions. Second, the early 10. Arshinov, p. 57; Footman, Civil War, p. 293; An Anarchist FAQ, H.6.4 phases of the revolution provide an example of how society might be run in an 11. Arshinov, p. 141-145 anarchistic manner without capitalism, the state or other authoritarian systems. 12. Serge, Memoirs, p. 121 This period saw the creation of non-hierarchical organisations on a mass scale 13. Arshinov, p. 209-220 very similar to those advocated by anarchists. These organs of self-management 14. Arshinov, p. 109-118, 134-137; Malet p. 138-140; Palij p. 160-174 can be compared to the systems set up by anarchists during the 1936 Spanish 15. quoted by Voline, p. 699 Revolution. 16. Read, p. 260 The 1917 revolution was preceded by the 1905 revolution, the “dress rehearsal” 17. Arshinov, p. 148 for the 1917 revolution. As a result of Russia’s loss in the war with Japan mass 18. Palij, p. 59 rebellions broke out against the king of Russia, Tsar Nicholas Romanov the 19. Malet, p. 175 second. The Tsar quickly made peace with Japan and granted a few concessions 20. Malet, p. 179-180 including changing Russia to a constitutional monarchy with an elected 21. Malet, 107-113; Arshinov, 81-82, 90-91 parliament, the Duma, limiting his power. This, combined with a good deal of 22. Malet, 117-125; Arshinov, 86-87; An Anarchist FAQ, H.6.7 repression, succeeded in ending the rebellions and saving the monarchy. After 23. Malet, 121 the revolution was defeated most of the concessions the Tsar made were undone 24. Guerin, Anarchism, p. 100 and the Duma lost most of its power. 25. Guerin, Anarchism, p. 101 26. Malet, p. 126-137; Palij, p. 148-159, 175-177, 209-241 In 1914 Russia joined the First World War on the side of the entente. As in 27. Palij, p. 227 the Russo-Japanese war Russia took heavy loses and was severely strained 28. Quoted on Malet, p. 140 by the war. Unlike the Russo-Japanese war the Tsar could not simply end the 29. For detailed refutations of these slanders see: Malet p. 117-125, 168- war when it threatened to topple his kingdom. The stress was too much and 174, 140-142; Arshinov, p. 209-220; Voline, p. 695-700; An Anarchist FAQ, the Tsar was overthrown in February 1917, thus beginning the Great Russian Sections H.6.8 through H.6.12 Revolution. In the Tsar’s place a provisional government was set up which 30. Palij, p. 231; Arshinov p. 159-172 was to hold elections to create a Russian Republic. In October 1917 another revolution occurred which overthrew the Provisional government and brought 110 Russia: Revolution, Counter-Revolution Joe-Licentia 3 revolutionary socialists to power. The Bolshevik party led by Vladimir Illyich 3. Trotsky, Work, Discipline, Order Lenin and Leon Trotsky played a leading role in the October revolution, but 4. Schapiro, p. 124 did not do it alone. Although initially democratic the new government quickly 5. Read, p. 207 evolved into a totalitarian
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