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Alcaudones Y Cernícalos Ayudan a Revelar Poblaciones Del Eslizón Amenazado Chalcides Simonyien Fuerteventura

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Alcaudones Y Cernícalos Ayudan a Revelar Poblaciones Del Eslizón Amenazado Chalcides Simonyien Fuerteventura Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2013) 24(1) 55 Ehret, D. 2007. Skeletochronology: a method for determing Pare, J. & Lentini, A. 2010. Reptile geriatrics. Veterinary Clinics the individual age and growth of modern and fossil tor - of North America: Exotic Animal Practice , 13: 15-25. toises (reptilia: testudines). Bulletin of the Florida Museum Prieto, A. 2009. Osteocronologia aplicada a la tortuga mediterrà - of Natural History , 47: 49-72. nea II . Treball de recerca de batxillerat. Escola Mestral. Holmes, R.L. 1983. Computer assisted quality control in <http://issuu.com/escolamestral/docs/osteocronologia2_tr_co tree-ring dating and measurements. Tree-ring Bulletin , mplet_br?mode=window&backgroundColor=%23222222>. 43: 68-78 [Consulta: 17 octubre 2012] Manzanares, M.C., Calero, M.I., Franch, J., Jiménez, M.P. Stokes, M.A. & Smiley. T.L. 1968. An incroduccion ro tree-ring & Serra, I. 1997. Optimisation of a scheduled study dating . University of Chicago Press. Chicago, Illinois. for undecalcified samples. Microscopy and Analysis , 11: Zug, G. R. 1991. Age determination in turtles. Herpetological 31-33. Circular , 20: 1-28. Alcaudones y cernícalos ayudan a revelar poblaciones del eslizón amenazado Chalcides simonyi en Fuerteventura (Islas Canarias) Marcos García Márquez 1 & Juan Manuel Acosta 2 1 Parcelas de Bótoa, 2º camino nº 27. 06194 Badajoz. C.e.: [email protected] 2 Finca Los Molinos, s/n. 21219 Galaroza. Huelva. Fecha de aceptación: 30 de noviembre de 2012. Key words: kestrel, shrike, endangered, skink, predation, Fuerteventura. Chalcides simonyi es un eslizón (Reptilia, dejan restos suyos fácilmente identificables, Scincidae) de unos 25 cm de longitud total los cuales podrían utilizarse como indicadores endémico de las islas de Fuerteventura y para localizar poblaciones de este reptil allí Lanzarote (Canarias, España) ( García-Márquez donde y cuando el muestreo directo ofrece & Acosta, 2002 ). Está considerada como una resultados pobres. especie escasa y amenazada, cuyo seguimiento En el verano y otoño de 2001 los autores resulta problemático debido a que no es fácil realizamos varias prospecciones en dos locali - encontrarla en el campo ( Mateo et al ., 2009 ). dades de Fuerteventura donde, según López- Pocos herpetólogos la han citado en apenas Jurado ( 1998 ), debían existir poblaciones de una docena de localidades de Fuerteventura C. simonyi : Vallebrón y Tiscamanita. De (López-Jurado, 1998 ), y sólo recientemente tam - manera intensiva, buscamos ejemplares que bién en Lanzarote ( Nogales et al ., 1992; pudieran estar activos en transectos visuales Concepción, 2000 ). A su escasez se le añade un sobre el terreno y también volteando piedras comportamiento esquivo y mal conocido que bajo las que pudieran ocultarse. Estos esfuer - complica la tarea de buscarla, especialmente zos resultaron siempre improductivos. No en los hábitats con una mayor complejidad obstante, la búsqueda de indicios indirectos espacial, como pedregales y malpaíses volcá - en posaderos de depredadores potenciales sí nicos, en los que esta especie se refugia y dio algunos resultados positivos que expone - quizás podría ser más abundante. Los datos mos a continuación. que presentamos a continuación demuestran En junio de 2001 recogimos egagrópilas que tanto Lanius meridionalis koenigi como en varios posaderos de F. tinnunculus dacotiae Falco tinnunculus dacotiae cazan C. simonyi y en Vallebrón (isla de Fuerteventura; UTM 56 Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2013) 24(1) Figura 1. Restos de C. simonyi a b capturados por aves de presa en Fuerteventura: (a) extremidad anterior encontrada en una ega - grópila de F. tinnunculus daco - tiae . (b) Detalle de la muestra anterior a un mayor aumento mostrando escamas dérmicas. (c) Vértebras, húmero y huesos cra - neales encontrados en otra ega - c d grópila de F. tinnunculus dacotiae (ver Figura 2 para su identifica - ción, escala en milímetros). (d), (e) y (f) Cabezas empaladas por individuos de L. meridionalis koenigi . Fotografías: M. García- Márquez. e f 28RFS0462; 240 msnm). El hábitat es un similar, los huesos cefálicos de C. simonyi pre - paisaje humanizado instalado en un valle que sentan una silueta y una morfología clara - recibe humedad de los vientos alisios, con mente distintivas, una constitución más laderas aterrazadas para el cultivo, muretes de robusta, un menor recuento dental y dientes contención de piedra y restos conservados de la con forma mazuda en oposición a los clara - vegetación natural dominada por Ephorbia sp. mente cónico-bicúspides de G. atlantica y a y otros arbustos xeromorfos. Al examinar el los puntiagudos de T. angustimentalis . contenido de estas egagrópilas con ayuda de Por otra parte, en noviembre del mismo una lupa binocular y usando material de colec - año encontramos restos de varios individuos ción para comparar, comprobamos que algunas de C. simonyi que habían sido empalados por contenían restos reconocibles de C. simonyi . L. meridionalis koenigi cerca de Tiscamanita, Dichos restos incluían extremidades poco en las proximidades del Malpaís Chico (Isla de digeridas (Figura 1a), escamas dérmicas Fuerteventura; UTM 28RES9835; 180 msnm). (Figura 1b) y sobre todo huesos (Figura 1c). En este caso, el hábitat es una llanura desérti - En las egagrópilas también aparecieron restos ca, con sustrato pedregoso y vegetación más de otros vertebrados, incluyendo Gallotia escasa, dominada por ejemplares dispersos atlantica y Tarentola angustimentalis , cuyos del arbusto espinoso Lycium intrincatum en huesos, aunque son similares, pueden distin - los que los individuos de L. meridionalis koenigi guirse bien visualmente de los de C. simonyi suelen clavar los restos de sus presas. (Figura 2). En particular, para un tamaño Encontramos las cabezas de dos ejemplares Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2013) 24(1) 57 Figura 2. Huesos craneales, extraídos de egagrópilas de F. tinnunculus dacotiae , con valor diagnóstico para distinguir las tres especies de reptiles de Fuerteventura. Huesos de C. simonyi a la izquierda; huesos de G. atlantica en el centro, huesos de T. angustimentalis a la derecha. De arriba a abajo: parie - tal, frontal, maxilar, dentario y resto de la mandíbula inferior (angular más subangular más articular). Todas las fotos están al mismo aumento, pero para cada especie los huesos corres - ponden a varios ejemplares de distin - to tamaño. Fotografías: M. García- Márquez. adultos de C. simonyi pinchadas en un peque - Con estas nuevas observaciones queremos ño espino apenas ramificado, de aproximada - llamar la atención sobre una posible nueva mente 1 m de altura (Figura 1d y 1e). A unos forma de muestrear las poblaciones de esta 3 m de distancia, en otro espino de dimensiones especie amenazada y ponerla a disposición a similares, estaba también clavado parte del otros investigadores y gestores dedicados a ella. cuerpo de un ejemplar adulto, que podría Es bien conocida la capacidad de las aves de corresponder a una de las dos cabezas anterio - presa para crear, gracias a su fidelidad a los posa - res. Un espino próximo de mayor tamaño deros donde dejan las egagrópilas, depósitos de albergaba un nido desocupado de L. meridio - huesos muy útiles para estudios faunísticos en nalis koenigi y restos de varios ejemplares de los que el recuento de huesos con valor diagnós - G. atlantica empalados. Por último, también tico permite calcular el número de individuos y encontramos una tercera cabeza de un indivi - la frecuencia de depredación para cada especie duo adulto pinchada en circunstancias simila - apresada ( Andrews, 1990 ). En la isla de res a unos 50 m de las anteriores (Figura 1f). Fuerteventura tanto F. tinnunculus dacotiae Teniendo en cuenta su disposición espacial y (Carrillo et al ., 1994 ) como L. meridionalis koenigi el grado de descomposición, cabe afirmar que (Herrera-Bravo & Barahona, 1999 ) son depredadores todas estas presas habían sido capturadas por conocidos de reptiles y ambos producen egagró - el mismo ejemplar o por la misma pareja de pilas. Sin embargo hasta ahora no se había docu - L. meridionalis koenigi durante los meses pre - mentado que capturasen C. simonyi . Esto no vios a su hallazgo. es de extrañar ya que, siendo más escaso que 58 Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2013) 24(1) G. atlantica y que T. angustimentalis , C. simonyi tes canarios amenazados ( Gallotia intermedia y podría aparecer en la dieta de sus depredadores Gallotia bravoana ) mediante la localización y con menor frecuencia, e incluso pasar desaperci - recuento de sus excrementos, evitando así la cap - bido. No obstante, un muestreo suficiente e tura de ejemplares vulnerables y simplificando el investigadores entrenados podrían probar con trabajo de campo en hábitats de acceso difícil. esta técnica la existencia de poblaciones de En resumen, los datos que presentamos aquí C. simonyi , especialmente allí donde el muestreo sugieren que los posaderos de L. meridionalis directo no resulta práctico. Incluso considera - koenigi y F. tinnunculus dacotiae podrían mos también la posibilidad de llevar a cabo esti - aportar indicadores indirectos para el segui - mas indirectas de su abundancia, ya que es de miento de las poblaciones de C. simonyi , qui - esperar una mayor frecuencia de depredación de zás de forma más práctica y eficaz que el C. simonyi en los lugares o momentos donde sea muestreo directo de ejemplares vivos. más abundante o más activo. Las metodologías indirectas de este estilo no son una novedad: un AGRADECIMIENTOS: Este estudio ha sido financiado ejemplo reciente es el descubrimiento que
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