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I Northern Areas I Northern Areas Strategic Provincial Investment Plan and Project Preparation for Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Health. 8 2 2 P K N 0 8 9 Final Strategic Investment Plan VOL. I Warclrop - Acres Cowater International September, 1989 NESPAK. Northern Areas Strategic Provincial Investment Plan and Project Preparation for Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Health. Final Strategic Investment Plan VOL. I ~LIBRARY~ , iNTERNAriOV.'M. ;i.;-~Ft:RtNCf£ Wardrop - Acres Cowater International September, 1989 NESPAK. I I I I I I I NORTHERN AREAS Strategic Provincial Investment Plan I and Project Preparation for I Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Health I Prepared for the World Bank under sub-contract to I Wardrop-Acres Consultants September 1989 I I I I DRMS Development Research and Management Services (Pvt.) Limited I 40-A Kaghan Road, F-8/4 Tel: (92-51) 852863 P.O. Box 2389 Fax: (92-51 ) 822313 Islamabad Tlx: 5»l1 NAIBA PK I Pakistan 5945 CTOIB PK I I I TABLE OF CONTENTS I Page No. List of Tables vi I List of Figures vii g List of Abbreviations ix I Executive Summary x • 1 . INTRODUCTION 1 • 1.1. Introduction to the Project 1 1.2. Introduction to the Northern Areas 2 I 2 . THE SECTOR 6 I 2.1. General 6 1. The Physical Setting 6 | 2. Social and Institutional Setting 10 3. The Farm-Household 12 m 4. Demographic Background and Settlement Patterns 13 I 5. Administrative Arrangements 13 2.2. Sector Institutions 14 I 1. Scope of Description and Analysis 14 2. Local Government Institutions 16 • 3. Government Line Agencies 19 | 4. Non-Government Organizations 28 5. Donors 33 _ 6. User and Community Based Groups 35 • 7. The Private Sector 3© • 2.3. Sector Financing 37 • 1. Macro Resource Availability 37 2. Sector Resource Availability 39 • 3. Donor Agency Funding 39 I 4. Community Contributions 40 2.4. Current Situation 40 I 1. Water Supply 40 2. Drainage 4© • 3. Human Waste Disposal 47 | 4. Hygiene and Hygiene Education 49 5. Input Supply 50 « 6. Provision of Credit 50 • ii I I I I 2.5. The Role, Status and Constraints of Women 51 1. The Role and Status of Women 51 I 2. Constraints on Access of Women to Basic Water Supply and Sanitation Services 52 I 2.6. Assessment of the Present ADP Programs 55 1. Service Coverage and Standards 55 I 2. Project Selection Criteria 56 3. Approval Process 56 4. Technology Choice and Design Criteria 57 5. Procurement, Tendering and Contractual I Procedures 57 6. Commissioning and Post Construction Management 58 7. Cost Recovery of Capital Costs 59 I 8. Operation and Maintenance 59 I 3 . POPULATION, DEMAND AND NEEDS 60 3.1. Current Population, Growth and Settlement Pattern....60 I 1. Population, its Distribution and Growth Rates 60 I 2. Settlement Patterns, Transhumance and Migration tn 3.2. Demand and Needs for Servi ces 62 I 1. Water Supply 62 2. Drainage 65 3. Human Waste Disposal 66 4. Hygiene Education 67 I 3.3. Proposed Servi ce Standards 69 1. Water Supply 6S I 2. Human Waste Disposal 69 3. Drainage 7 4 I 4. Hygiene Education 74 4. INVESTMENT STRATEGY 75 I 4.1. Objectives 75 4.2. Current Sector Bottlenecks and Gaps 76 I 1. Community Participation 76 2. Institutional 78 I 3. Technical 7M 4. Economic and Financial 7 9 I i i i I I 5. Women 79 6. Human Resources Development 79 4.3. Strateg i es 80 • 1. Geographical Strategy 80 • 2. Institutional Strategy 80 J 3. Strategy for the Involvement of Women 81 4. Technical Strategy 82 m 5. Financial Strategy 83 I 6. Water Supply Strategy 84 • 7. Rehabilitation strategy Sf> 8. Drainage Strategy 85 • 9. Sanitation Strategy 86 | 10. Human Resources Development Strategy 87 11. Hygiene Education Strategy 88 m 12. Operations and Maintenance Strategy 89 I 5. INVESTMENT PLAN 90 I 5.1. The Investment Plan Described in Brief 90 5.2. Target Service Coverage 90 | 5.3. The Strategic Investment Plan by District 94 _ 5.4. Alternative Scenarios Analysis .....94 ^ 5.5. Plan Management and Implementation 96 I 1. Institutional Arrangements 96 2. Organization 104 • 3. Implementation Methods 107 I 5.6. Sector Mobilization and Development for the _ Investment Plan 109 I 1. Water Supply Schemes 110 2. Sanitation Program 111 • 3. Water Quality Control and Testing 112 | 4. Hygiene Education Program 114 5. Creation of a Rural Water Supply Unit within « LB&RD 114 I 6. Creation of PHEC within NAPWD 118 • 7. Creation of a Health Education Unit within the Department of Health 120 • 8. Strengthening AKRSP's role for the • Implementation of Rural Water Supply 120 9. Strengthening the Polytechnic planned for the • Northern Areas 121 I IV I I I I 5.7. Summary of Financial Investments 122 I 6. FINANCING 123 I 6.1. Financing Capital Costs 123 1. Sources of Financing 123 2. Annual Development Plan 123 3. Special Development Programs 125 I 4. Existing Donor Agencies 126 5. Community Contributions 126 6. Expected Total Financing from Available I Resources 126 7. Resource Position After Considering Available Resources 127 I 8. Recommended New Donor Investment 129 6.2. Financing the Recurrent Costs 135 I 1. Financing the Recurrent Costs 135 I 2. Financing the Operations and Maintenance 135 REFERENCES 137 I ANNEXURES 139 1. Supplementary Descriptive Notes on the Northern Areas I 2. Statistical Tables for the Project Area 3. An Assessment of the Rural Water Supply Sector in the Northern Areas I 4. A Case Study of the Community Basic Services Program 5. Understanding and Implementing Participatory Approaches I 6. Terms of Partnership for Project Implementation by Village Organizations 7. Costing Methodology, for the Jior_therja-A^eas--— •—-^ — I 8. Costing Details and Physical Targets of the Investment Plan 9. Investment Plan by District I 10. Alternative Scenario Analysis 11. Financing Details of the Investment Plan I I I I LIST OF TABLES Page No. Table 2.1 Relationship between Altitude and the Number of Frost-free Days. 9 Table 2.2 Budget Allocation and Expenditure. Northern Areas. 15 Table 2.3 NAPWD and LB&RD Budgets. 16 Table 2.4 Estimates of Special Development Funds and Donor Allocations in the Sector. 17 Table 2.5 Summary of Estimated Water Supply Coverage (1988). 41 Table 2.6 Statistics on Household Water Supply Sources for Northern Areas. 42 Table 2.7 Summary of Rehabilitation Needs of Existinq Schemes. 44 Table 2.8 Latrine Facility For Urban Housing Units (19#1> 48 Table 3.1 Estimated Population Statistics and Basic Data for Northern Areas (1988). 60 Table 3.2 Population Distribution According to Village Size (1988). 61 Table 3.3 Incidence of Diarrhoea Cases in the Northern Areas. 65 Table 5.1 Investment Plan for the Northern Areas 91 Table 6.1 Current Allocation of Development Expenditure for The Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector, Northern Areas 124 Table 6.2 Projected Allocations of Resource Availability for the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector 125 Capital Requirements of The Proposed Investment Plan Without New Donor Assistance 127 Capital Requirements of The Proposed Investment glan-Witta-Wew Donor Assistance. Current Prices 129 Recommended Donor Investment Plan for the Northern Areas 130 Donor Investment Plan for Northern Areas 131 I I LIST OF FIGURES I Paqe No. Map Map of the Northern Areas I Figure 2.1 A Typical Diagram of Ecoloqical Zones in the Northern Areas 7 Figure 2.2 Organizational Chart of L8&RD Department 20 I Figure 2.3 Northern Areas PWD Organization Chart 23 Figure 2.4 Organizational Chart for Northern Areas Health Department 2 7 The Aga Khan Rural Support Program I Figure 2.5 Organization Chart 30 Typical Drawing of the Gravity Water Supply I Figure 3.1 Schemes in the Northern Areas: Without Treatment without Storage 70 Typical Drawing of the Gravity Water Supply Figure 3.2 Schemes in the Northern Areas: I With Treatment with storage 71 Typical Drawing of the Gravity Water Supply Figure 3.3 Schemes in the Northern Areas: I With Treatment without Storage 72 Typical Drawing of the Gravity Water Supply Figure 3.4 Schemes in the Northern Areas: I With Treatment with Storage 7 3 Figure 5.1 Invest Plan for the Northern Areas 92 Figure 5.2 Rural Water Supply Coverage 92 I Figure 5.3 Rural Water Supply Coveraqe 93 Figure 5.4 Sanitation Coverage Plan for Old & New Water Supply Schemes 93 I Figure 5.5 Human Resources Development 95 Figure 5.6 Revolving Credit 95 Figure 5.7 Institutional Arrangements in Northern; I Areas, New and Existina 9/ Figure 5.8 Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Education Steering Committee lu* Figure 5.9 Inter-Agency Linkages for RWSS Sector I Activities Km Figure 5.10 Rural Water Supply and Sanitation unit 115 Figure 5.11 Inter-Agency Linkages in Hygiene I Education 116 Figure 6.1 Resource Gap without New Donor Investment. 1990-1998 128 I Figure 6.2 Donor Investment Plan for Northern Areas, 1990-1998 128 Figure 6.3 Financing: Recommended Donor versus I Available Funds, 1990-1998 132 I 1 I I Figure 6.4 Resource Gap after New Donor Investment 132 Figure 6.5 Capital versus Recurrent Expenditure, I 1QQn-1QQ1990-199A8 1333 • Figure 6.6 Local and Foreign Cost of the Investment • Plan, 1990-1998 134 I I I I I I I I I I I I I VI 1 1 I I LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A/XEN Assistant Executive Engineer ADP Annual Development Plan AKF Aga Khan Foundation AKHB Aga Khan Housing Board AKRSP Aga Khan Rural Support Program BHU Basic Health Unit CBS Community Basic Services Program CE Chief Engineer CIDA Canadian International Development Agency DHD Deputy Health Director DPO District Program Office(r) ha hectare HRD Human Resources Development HWD Human Waste Disposal km kilometers LB&RD Local Bodies and Rural Development Department m meters M&E Monitoring and Evaluation mm millimeters NA Northern Areas NAPWD Northern Areas Public Works Department NGO Non-Governmental Organization O&M Operations and Maintenance OC degrees Celsius P&D Planning and Development PARD Pakistan Academy for Rural Development PC-I Planning Commission Proforma No.
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