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Striped Legless Lizard Version Has Been Prepared for Web Publication #17 This Action Statement was first published in 1992 and remains current. This Striped Legless Lizard version has been prepared for web publication. It Delma impar retains the original text of the action statement, although contact information, the distribution map and the illustration may have been updated. © The State of Victoria, Department of Sustainability and Environment, 2003 Published by the Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria. Striped Legless Lizard (Delma impar) Distribution in Victoria (DSE 2002) 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002 Australia Description and Distribution species is very rarely seen. Its distribution The Striped Legless Lizard (Delma impar appears to be centered in Victoria, with This publication may be of isolated records from around Canberra in the assistance to you but the Fischer 1882) resembles a snake but can be Australian Capital Territory and from Bool State of Victoria and its distinguished by having a proportionately employees do not guarantee longer tail hind limbs (which are reduced Lagoon in South Australia. that the publication is to two scaly flaps near the vent) and visible Most recent sightings have been in near- without flaw of any kind or ear openings. This species differs from urban areas west and north of Melbourne, is wholly appropriate for other legless lizards (family Pygopodidae) and near Cressy in the Western District. The your particular purposes by having distinctive ear-openings and species is known to have occurred recently in and therefore disclaims all characteristic longitudinal stripes (Cogger grasslands around Portland, Hamilton, liability for any error, loss Creswick and to the north of Horsham, but or other consequence which 1986, Jenkins & Bartell 1980). Adult Striped surveys have not yet been undertaken in may arise from you relying Legless Lizards are slightly thicker than a on any information in this pencil and up to 30 cm long. Their base these areas. publication. colour is a light brown and the longitudinal Early reports indicate that it was also stripes are darker brown. recorded from the Yea area in grassy ISSN 1448-9902 All legless lizards are oviparous (egg- woodland. The paucity of records outside laying). The Striped Legless Lizard lays two the greater Melbourne area may reflect a low eggs during spring-summer (Cogger 1986, search effort rather than the absence or rarity Patchell & Shine 1986). They appear to be of the species there (Coulson 1990). diurnal in habit, but spend most of their While it has been reported that the Striped time out of sight in grass tussocks or cracks Legless Lizard inhabits woodlands as well as in the ground, or under rocks. grasslands (Jenkins & Bartell 1980), recent The distribution and abundance of the surveys indicate that it is generally found in Striped Legless Lizard are poorly perennial lowland tussock grasslands with documented (Robertson 1987) since the year-round cover (Coulson 1990). Conservation Status Striped Legless Lizards to unpopulated habitat should any Current Status become available in the future. ANZECC (1991) Vulnerable in Australia Management Issues The Striped Legless Lizard has been listed as a threatened taxon on Schedule 2 of the Flora and fauna Guarantee Act Ecological Issues Specific to the Taxon 1988. This Action Statement is based on all available information about the Striped Legless Lizard, but there is an urgent need to Reasons for Conservation Status obtain further information on the species' distribution, There is evidence that the Striped Legless Lizard is rare, is abundance, biology, habitat requirements (including critical in a demonstrable state of decline as its native grassland habitat) and habitat availability. Much of the program involves habitat has declined, and is significantly prone to future inventory, research and monitoring work for rapid threats, especially vegetation clearance and urban improvement of this knowledge base. The management expansion (Scientific Advisory Committee 199la). program should be revised periodically in the light of any new It is estimated that 95% of Victoria's native lowland information. grasslands have been grossly altered since European The key management issue is that the Striped Legless Lizard's settlement (Stuwe 1986). The major type of grassland which apparent preferred habitat ¾ lowland native tussock grassland is known to contain Striped Legless Lizards is the Western with good cover ¾ is close to becoming extinct in Victoria. In (Basalt) Plains Grassland community. This community has urban and near-urban areas, residential and industrial been listed as threatened on Schedule 2 of the Flora and development and associated roadworks are the main causes of Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 since 'only about 0.16% of the habitat destruction; this threat has increased markedly in original extent of the community now remains' and the recent years and is continuing. Permanent habitat damage also decline is continuing (Scientific Advisory Committee 199lb). occurs when soil is disturbed by cultivation for cropping or Habitat suitability for the Striped Legless Lizard is pasture development. Less obvious modifications to the dependent on lack of disturbance and good tussock cover, grassland habitat through activities such as prolonged heavy which usually only occurs several years after fire or grazing grazing or rock removal can be almost as damaging. (Coulson 1990). However, most remnant grasslands are Increasing urban growth and associated human pressures can subject to significant levels of disturbance, and to what lead to habitat degradation and disturbance by trampling, tree extent they still support the Striped Legless Lizard is planting, weed invasion, unplanned fires, and increased unknown. numbers of introduced predators such as foxes and cats. Illegal Because the remaining habitat is very limited in area and is activities such as taking by collectors for keeping or as food for severely fragmented, Striped Legless Lizards probably larger reptiles can also reduce population numbers, as can occur in fairly small, isolated populations. The fact that this killing the lizards in the mistaken belief that they are snakes. species probably does not venture often into areas with In undisturbed grassland, the main management issue is to little vegetation cover would enhance this isolation effect maintain an appropriate fire regime, since this profoundly and result in a poor ability to recover from disaster or to affects habitat suitability. While lowland grassland colonise new areas. In small populations these factors also communities need 'intermittent' burning to maintain plant contribute to a serious limitation on the exchange of genes, diversity (McDougall 1987, Lunt 1990), the direct effect of fire which can lead to decreased adaptive ability and even in- on individual lizards and the longer-term implications of breeding in the long term. habitat modification on lizard populations are unknown. Striped Legless Lizards have died in fires, particularly in 'cool Major Conservation Objective season' spring burns when soil moisture is high and cracks in The major conservation objective is to ensure that the the soil are closed, making it difficult for animals to find refuge Striped Legless Lizard can survive, flourish and maintain from fire (Coulson 1990). its potential for evolutionary development in the wild. To minimise Striped Legless Lizard mortality, it is probably Determining the critical habitat is a necessary step in best to undertake management burning in autumn while the refining the management program to achieve this objective. soil is cracked and all young will be mobile. Burning should be The interim target, however, is to maintain or establish a carried out in a patchwork mosaic with each area burnt at a minimum of five areas of suitable habitat where threats to frequency least five years to allow good tussock cover to Striped Legless Lizards are removed or minimised, each develop. area supporting a viable population of the lizards and the In some situations, it may be better to use light grazing, total population being not less than 1000 individuals. The particularly if timing and intensity are managed to minimise five or more areas must be so located that the maximum weed invasion yet retain flora diversity. genetic variation is maintained across the range of the The fragmentation of populations is a serious issue for this species. species since Striped Legless Lizards are unlikely to colonise Where possible, some of these areas should be joined by new areas or to exchange genetic material between disjunct corridors of suitable habitat to facilitate exchange of genes. populations where open areas act as a barrier to movement. The conservation program must also provide for Secure but small areas of remnant grassland, while of high catastrophic losses at one location and for translocation of botanical significance, are probably inadequate for conserving 2 Striped Legless Lizard populations in the long term. To Therefore, an ecological, rather than individual species, meet the conservation objective for this species, adequate approach to managing remnant lowland grasslands will be areas need to be managed for grassland and Striped Legless required to balance all conservation benefits. Lizard conservation. Degradation and disturbance within remnant grasslands, Initial Population Viability Assessment (PVA) of this including the existing Derrimut and Laverton North Grassland species suggested that a population
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