DOCSLIB.ORG

Evaluation of Purebreds and Two-Breed Crosses in Swine: Reproductive Performance

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evaluation of Purebreds and Two-Breed Crosses in Swine: Reproductive Performance University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Papers and Publications in Animal Science Animal Science Department June 1973 EVALUATION OF PUREBREDS AND TWO-BREED CROSSES IN SWINE: REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE R. K. Johnson University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] I. T. Omtvedt USDA, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscifacpub Part of the Animal Sciences Commons Johnson, R. K. and Omtvedt, I. T., "EVALUATION OF PUREBREDS AND TWO-BREED CROSSES IN SWINE: REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE" (1973). Faculty Papers and Publications in Animal Science. 76. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscifacpub/76 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Papers and Publications in Animal Science by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. EVALUATION OF PUREBREDS AND TWO-BREED CROSSES IN SWINE: REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE 1 R. K. Johnson and I. T. Omtvedt Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater and U. S. Department of Agriculture, El Reno 74074 Summary from Yorkshire gilts. Using a boar of another The data included records on 440 purebred breed on Duroc dams increased litter glze by sows and gilts of Duroc, Hampshire and York- 1.44 + .59 pigs at farrowing and by 1.54 -+ .49 shire breeding mated in all combinations to pigs at 42 days. Crossbreeding increased the produce purebred and two-breed cross litters. A litter size for Hampshire dams by 0.61 -+ .61 total of 119 purebred gilts (39 with purebred pigs at farrowing and 1.33 -+ .52 pigs at 42 days. litters and 80 with crossbred litters) were Yorkshire dams with crossbred litters had 0.37 slaughtered 30-days postbreeding and their + .66 more pigs per litter at farrowing and 0.30 reproductive tracts evaluated for number of + .55 more pigs per litter at 42 days than corpora lutea and early embryo development. Yorkshires with purebred litters. The survival Farrowing records included 89 purebred and rate for crossbred pigs compared to purebred 161 two-breed cross litters produced at the Ft. pigs was 7.6% higher for Duroc dams and 17.9% Reno Experiment Station during the spring and higher for Hampshire dams; however, there was fall of 1971 and the summer of 1972. no difference in the survival rate of l~urebreds Reproductive failures (females not exhibit- and crossbreds from Yorkshire dams. There was ing estrus or open at slaughter or open at little evidence for differences in embryo length farrowing) amounted to 13.4% of the total or average pig weight per litter between pure- number of females selected to be mated. There breds and crossbreds from any breed of dam. was little difference between the percentage of Yorkshire dams had larger litters at each age failures for sows or gilts; however, Yorkshires and the survival rate of pigs from Yorkshire had a failure rate of 23.4% compared to 8.5% dams was approximately 12% higher than the for Durocs and Hampshires. survival rate of pigs from Duroc and Hampshire Duroc and Yorkshire gilts each averaged dams. 13.8 corpora lutea, which was 1.7 more (P<.01) than that for Hampshire gilts. Gilts Introduction with crossbred litters averaged 6.3% more em- Most measurements of sow productivity bryos at 30-days postbreeding, 8.7% more pigs tend to be lowly heritable and respond well to at farrowing and 17.9% more pigs at weaning crossbreeding. Crosses of inbred lines of swine than dams with purebred litters. Although the have resulted in increases over the average of differences were not significant, the Duroc and the lines making up the cross ranging from 0 to Hampshire gilts with crossbred litters tended to 20% in number of pigs farrowed and 6 to 40% have more normal embryos than did Duroc and in number of pigs weaned (Craft, 1953; Dicker- Hampshire gilts with purebred litters; however, son et al., 1954; O'Ferrall et al., 1968). Craft there was little difference in number of em- (1953) concluded that crosses of inbred lines bryos between purebred and crossbred litters from different breeds generally have shown considerably more heterosis than crosses of lines within a breed. t Journal Article 2616 of the Agricultural Experi- Only a few crossbreeding experiments utiliz- ment Station, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. ing non-inbred parents have been reported. Research conducted by the Department of Animal Sciences and Industry (Project 1444) in cooperation Litter size of the cross vs. purebred litter is with Animal Science Research Division, Agricultural variable (Winters et al., 1935; Lush, Shearer and Research Service, U.S.D.A. Culbertson, 1939; Robison, 1948; Cunningham, 1279 JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, vol. 37, no. 6, 19"/3 1280 JOHNSON AND OMTVEDT 1967; Smith and McLaren, 1967). However, all three gilts of each breed. One of the three gilts of these studies were consistent in reporting of each breed mated to each boar was randomly increased survival rates for the crossbred pigs. designated to be slaughtered 30-days postbreed- Lush et al. (1939) suggested that breeds may ing and the reproductive tract evaluated for differ in their response to crossing. Craft (1953) early embryo development. This procedure was and Bradford, Chapman and Grummer (1958) followed in making matings for the spring 1971 have shown that the comparison of inbred lines farrowing season, in which slaughter and farrow for litter traits was of little value in predicting information is included on 45 and 89 gilts, the performance of a line as a dam line in respectively. In order to increase the numbers crossing. Since there is little information avail- available for evaluating early embryo develop- able involving crossbreeding with the modern- ment, about half of the gilts that farrowed in day breeds of swine raised under confinement spring 1971 were randomly selected to produce management systems, data on the purebred a second litter in fall 1971. Approximately the performance and combining ability are needed same number of gilts as the previous season in order to develop breeding programs that will were also mated. A new group of boars of each yield maximum performance. breed was used and the matings were made in This paper provides information concerning the manner described above. In this season, the reproductive performance of purebred Du- each boar was mated to at least two gilts and roc, Hampshire and Yorkshire females when one sow of each breed. All of the sows and producing purebred and crossbred litters. Pro- enough gilts to produce 10 litters for each of ductivity was evaluated 30-days postbreeding, the nine mating types were retained for farrow- at farrowing, at 21-days postfarrowing and hag with the remaining gilts slaughtered. This when litters were weaned at 42-days of age. resulted in 74 gilts being slaughtered and 90 litter records for fall 1971. Because of management difficulties in the Materials and Methods fall 1971. farrowing season, excessive post-far- rowing losses occurred and sows and gilts that Data for this study came from the first phase farrowed in the season were remated in late of the Oklahoma swine crossbreeding project winter to farrow in summer 1972. These sows being conducted at the Ft. Reno Experiment were randomly mated.in the same manner as Station. Purebred Durocs, Hampshires and described for the other seasons to a new group Yorkshires were mated in all combinations to of boars of each breed. No sows were slaugh- produce purebred and two-breed cross litters. tered and 71 litters from this season are The formation and maintenance of the founda- included in the analyses. tion herds from which the boars and gilts came All litter records for all sows in fall 1971 and was previously described by Johnson, Omtvedt summer 1972 were adjusted to a gilt equivalent and Waiters (1973). based on the observed differences between sows The present study included 301 gilts and and gilts in fall 1971. Adjustments were made 139 sows. Fifty-nine of these females were from the average difference between observed considered to have reproductive failures and the means for sows and gilts of each breed type. data of 12 were not used because of injury, The average difference for each trait was illness or disease to the dam. Of the remaining subtracted from the observed value for all sow females, 119 were gilts slaughtered 30 days litters. The adjustments were 0.15, 0.49 and postbreeding (39 with purebred and 80 with 0.46 for number of pigs per litter, 1.59, 7.32 crossbred embryos) and 250 farrowed litters and 14.85 kg for litter weight and 0.18, 0.98 (89 purebred and 161 crossbred). Gilts slaugh- and 1.94 kg for average pig weight per litter at tered 30-days postbreeding were evaluated for birth, 21 and 42 days, respectively, and 4.17% number of corpora lutea, number of live embry- for survival rate from birth to weaning. The os, ratio of number of live embryos to the total same adjustment factor was used for sows of all number of corpora lutea and embryo length in breed groups; however, it is possible the differ- millimeters. Litter records were evaluated in ence between sows and gilts may depend on the terms of litter size, total litter weight and breed involved. Numbers in this study were too average pig weight per litter (unadjusted for small to detect this. litter size) at 0, 21 and 42 days and the Estrus was detected with the assistance of a percentage of number of pigs weaned of the teaser boar and hand mating was used in all pigs farrowed per litter (survival rate.) seasons.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Purebred Dog Breeds Into the Twenty-First Century: Achieving Genetic Health for Our Dogs
    Purebred Dog Breeds into the Twenty-First Century: Achieving Genetic Health for Our Dogs BY JEFFREY BRAGG WHAT IS A CANINE BREED? What is a breed? To put the question more precisely, what are the necessary conditions that enable us to say with conviction, "this group of animals constitutes a distinct breed?" In the cynological world, three separate approaches combine to constitute canine breeds. Dogs are distinguished first by ancestry , all of the individuals descending from a particular founder group (and only from that group) being designated as a breed. Next they are distinguished by purpose or utility, some breeds existing for the purpose of hunting particular kinds of game,others for the performance of particular tasks in cooperation with their human masters, while yet others owe their existence simply to humankind's desire for animal companionship. Finally dogs are distinguished by typology , breed standards (whether written or unwritten) being used to describe and to recognize dogs of specific size, physical build, general appearance, shape of head, style of ears and tail, etc., which are said to be of the same breed owing to their similarity in the foregoing respects. The preceding statements are both obvious and known to all breeders and fanciers of the canine species. Nevertheless a correct and full understanding of these simple truisms is vital to the proper functioning of the entire canine fancy and to the health and well being of the animals which are the object of that fancy. It is my purpose in this brief to elucidate the interrelationship of the above three approaches, to demonstrate how distortions and misunderstandings of that interrelationship now threaten the health of all of our dogs and the very existence of the various canine breeds, and to propose reforms which will restore both balanced breed identity and genetic health to CKC breeds.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Horse Breeds 1 List of Horse Breeds
    List of horse breeds 1 List of horse breeds This page is a list of horse and pony breeds, and also includes terms used to describe types of horse that are not breeds but are commonly mistaken for breeds. While there is no scientifically accepted definition of the term "breed,"[1] a breed is defined generally as having distinct true-breeding characteristics over a number of generations; its members may be called "purebred". In most cases, bloodlines of horse breeds are recorded with a breed registry. However, in horses, the concept is somewhat flexible, as open stud books are created for developing horse breeds that are not yet fully true-breeding. Registries also are considered the authority as to whether a given breed is listed as Light or saddle horse breeds a "horse" or a "pony". There are also a number of "color breed", sport horse, and gaited horse registries for horses with various phenotypes or other traits, which admit any animal fitting a given set of physical characteristics, even if there is little or no evidence of the trait being a true-breeding characteristic. Other recording entities or specialty organizations may recognize horses from multiple breeds, thus, for the purposes of this article, such animals are classified as a "type" rather than a "breed". The breeds and types listed here are those that already have a Wikipedia article. For a more extensive list, see the List of all horse breeds in DAD-IS. Heavy or draft horse breeds For additional information, see horse breed, horse breeding and the individual articles listed below.
    [Show full text]
  • Cotton Improvement Through Type Selection, with Special Reference to the Acala Variety
    TECHNICAL BULLETIN NO. 302 MARCH, 1932 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON, D. C. COTTON IMPROVEMENT THROUGH TYPE SELECTION, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ACALA VARIETY By O. F. COOK Principal Botanist, in Charge, Division of Cotton, Rubber, and Other Tropical Plants, Bureau of Plant Industry CONTENTS Page Page General problems of selection in cotton 1 Cotton variations underlying the application Need for continued selection 1 of selection 28 Precautions commonly overlooked 3 Individual boll fluctuations 28 Selection to maintain adaptation 4 Abnormal variations of bolls 29 Nature and effects of selection 7 Uniformity an essential in cotton breeding- 30 Breeding for novelties 9 V isible and invisible characters 36 Limitations of the pure-line theory 10 Earliness characters 39 Effects of continued line breeding 12 Resistance to adverse conditions 44 Systems of selection defined and illustrated-.- 13 Stress effects and growth disorders 48 Four systems of selection 13 Field conditions and precautions in selection._ 50 Comparison of systems 14 Choice of conditions for selection 50 Type selection and progeny selection 15 Conditions for roguing . 51 Simplified type selection 17 Precautions with select strains. 52 Recognizing and maintaining a superior Methods of testing progenies 53 type 18 Comparing type progenies in groups 55 Selection for preserving a type 21 Progeny comparisons in different places.. 57 Differences among type progenies 25 Summary and conclusions 58 Significance of progeny drift _ _ 26 Literature cited _ 60 GENERAL PROBLEMS OF SELECTION IN COTTON NEED FOR CONTINUED SELECTION The problem of selection, as applied to the breeding and preser- vation of varieties of cotton, is more complex than current theories have recognized.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue and Also Under the Conditions of Sale Applicable to Southern Counties Auctioneers Horse Sales, a Full Copy of Which Is Available in the Auctioneers Office
    BEAULIEU ROAD SALE NEW FOREST, HANTS SO42 7YQ 3 miles from Lyndhurst on the B3056 Beaulieu Road and adjoining Beaulieu Road Station Sale by Auction of 158 NEW FOREST PONIES and other breeds of horses, ponies and donkeys under the auspices of the NEW FOREST LIVESTOCK SOCIETY THURSDAY 27TH NOVEMBER 2014 Commencing at 10.30 am Tel 01722 321215 Fax 01722 421553 www.salisburyauctioncentre.co.uk £1.50 SPECIAL CONDITIONS OF SALE 1. CONDITIONS OF SALE The sale will be held under the General Conditions of Sale as printed at the back of the Catalogue and also under the Conditions of Sale applicable to Southern Counties Auctioneers Horse Sales, a full copy of which is available in the Auctioneers Office. It is the duty of all Purchasers and Vendors to acquaint themselves with the Conditions of Sale. In the case of variance, the Horse Sales Conditions will take precedence. 2. PAYMENT All lots must be paid for on the day of sale and within one hour of the end of the sale by cash or debit/credit card there will be a 2% charge on a credit card, cheques will not be accepted unless prior arrangements have been made. Prospective buyers wishing to pay by cheque must be prepared to produce a Bankers Reference or Cheque Guarantee Card for a sum to cover their purchases. 3. WARRANTIES the only warranties at the Sales are - Quiet to Ride which shall imply that the animal may be ridden by a reasonably experienced person, on its own, in company and in traffic and is sound in wind, eyes, heart and action.
    [Show full text]
  • Discriminant Canonical Analysis of the Contribution of Spanish and Arabian Purebred Horses to the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Hispano-Arabian Horses
    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Discriminant Canonical Analysis of the Contribution of Spanish and Arabian Purebred Horses to the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Hispano-Arabian Horses. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8w77w522 Journal Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 11(2) ISSN 2076-2615 Authors Marín Navas, Carmen Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente McLean, Amy Katherine et al. Publication Date 2021-01-21 DOI 10.3390/ani11020269 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California animals Article Discriminant Canonical Analysis of the Contribution of Spanish and Arabian Purebred Horses to the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Hispano-Arabian Horses Carmen Marín Navas 1 , Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo 1 , Amy Katherine McLean 2 , José Manuel León Jurado 3, Antonio Rodriguez de la Borbolla y Ruiberriz de Torres 4 and Francisco Javier Navas González 1,* 1 Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; [email protected] (C.M.N.); [email protected] (J.V.D.B.) 2 Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95617, USA; [email protected] 3 Centro Agropecuario Provincial de Córdoba, Diputación Provincial de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; [email protected] 4 Unión Española de Ganaderos de Pura Raza Hispano-Árabe, 41001 Sevilla, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-957-21-87-06 Simple Summary: The demographic and genetic diversity structure and the contributions of Spanish (PRE) and Arabian Purebred (PRá) horses to the process of conformation of the Hispano-Arabian Citation: Marín Navas, C.; Delgado (Há) horse breed were evaluated.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Premium List
    2021 Premium List www.madisoncountyfair.net “Come to the Fair!” 169 92 169 John WayneDrive John Summit Street 92 Fairgrounds Madison County Fair Mission and Vision Statement The MISSION of the Madison County Livestock and Fair Association is to provide opportunities for 4-H’ers, FFA members, youth and adults of Madison County to showcase their accomplishments and talents in a safe family atmosphere while provid- ing activities, entertainment and learning opportunities to the guests of the Madison County Fair. Our VISION as the Madison County Livestock and Fair Association is to provide a unique quality experience by bringing the best in agriculture, livestock, entertainment and educa- tion to Madison County and Central Iowa. 2021 Summary of 4-H/FFA/Open Class Fair Book Changes ATTENTION ALL MADISON CO. FAIR EXHIBITORS: Exhibitors are responsible for knowing, under- standing, and complying with ALL Madison County Fair rules, regulations, and policies contained in this book. Even though the 4-H/FFA/Open Class Changes are briefly highlighted in these summary pages, please be sure to read ALL pages in this fair book that pertain to your participation in the 2020 Madison County Fair. 4-H/FFA CHANGES SUMMARY: Camping ............................. Page 16 ........... Added #4 General Rules .................... Page 28 ........... Changed Rule #11 Livestock Exhibit Rules .... Pages 32-38 .... Date Changes Livestock Auction .............. Page 35-36 ...... Read ALL Pages to View Changes Health Requirements ......... Page 37-38 ...... Read entirely for any updates in 2021 Beef ..................................... Page 39-44 ...... Premium Ribbon & Date Changes Household Cat ................... Page 45-46 ...... Read ALL Pages to View Changes Dairy Cattle ........................
    [Show full text]
  • Crossbreeding Systems for Small Beef Herds
    ~DMSION OF AGRICULTURE U~l_}J RESEARCH &: EXTENSION Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Arkansas System FSA3055 Crossbreeding Systems for Small Beef Herds Bryan Kutz For most livestock species, Hybrid Vigor Instructor/Youth crossbreeding is an important aspect of production. Intelligent crossbreed- Generating hybrid vigor is one of Extension Specialist - the most important, if not the most ing generates hybrid vigor and breed Animal Science important, reasons for crossbreeding. complementarity, which are very important to production efficiency. Any worthwhile crossbreeding sys- Cattle breeders can obtain hybrid tem should provide adequate levels vigor and complementarity simply by of hybrid vigor. The highest level of crossing appropriate breeds. However, hybrid vigor is obtained from F1s, sustaining acceptable levels of hybrid the first cross of unrelated popula- vigor and breed complementarity in tions. To sustain F1 vigor in a herd, a a manageable way over the long term producer must avoid backcrossing – requires a well-planned crossbreed- not always an easy or a practical thing ing system. Given this, finding a way to do. Most crossbreeding systems do to evaluate different crossbreeding not achieve 100 percent hybrid vigor, systems is important. The following is but they do maintain acceptable levels a list of seven useful criteria for evalu- of hybrid vigor by limiting backcross- ating different crossbreeding systems: ing in a way that is manageable and economical. Table 1 (inside) lists 1. Merit of component breeds expected levels of hybrid vigor or het- erosis for several crossbreeding sys- 2. Hybrid vigor tems. 3. Breed complementarity 4. Consistency of performance Definitions 5. Replacement considerations hybrid vigor – an increase in 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Breeding Systems and Selection by Mimi Busk-Downey from Pasos on the Web
    Breeding Systems and Selection By Mimi Busk-Downey From Pasos on the Web. Originally printed in the Peruvian Digest Forward There are many systems for breeding horses, and each has advantages and disadvantages. Breeders, regardless of how large or small their herds, strive toward certain production goals. We look for a uniform type of horse of high quality that will reproduce in a predictable way. The methods used to achieve these goals are common to all breeds, but specific applications to the Peruvian horse are discussed here. In the breeding and promotion of horses the positive aspects should be emphasized. I have great enthusiasm for the Peruvian breed and its future. As a long time breeder and student of genetics, however, I think it is important to be aware of problems in any chosen breed and try to eliminate them. By choosing appropriate selection procedures we can increase the breed's appeal in future generations. Definitions ~ Outcrossing is the mating of unrelated horses. The Peruvian breed is small and generally closely related. We can consider that a foal is the result of a complete outcross if no ancestor appears on both the sire and the dam side of a four- generation pedigree. The same horse may appear any number of times on one side of the pedigree, but if it does not appear on the other, the foal is an outcross. ~ Hybridization is also the mating of unrelated individuals, but by a specific formula and method. In Peruvian horses thirty or forty years ago, there were several major strains that had been geographically isolated from each other.
    [Show full text]
  • Monmouth Boat Club Has Diamond Jubilee
    For All Departments Call RED BANK REGISTER RE 6-0013 VOLUME LXXVI, NO. 49 RED BANK, N. J., THURSDAY, JUNE 3, 1954 10c PER COPY SECTION ONE—PAGES 1 TO 16. Coast Guard Auxiliary to Hold Oceanic Fire Company Celebrates 75th Anniversary Monmouth Boat Club Courtesy Exams This Week-End Has Diamond Jubilee ••- NEW YORK CITY—Roar Ad- This is the diamond jubilee year miral Louis B. Olson, commander save him a g d deal of trouble if of thn Monmouth Boat club cover- of the Coast Guard's eastern area he is inspected later by a regular State Chamber ing 73 years of boating activities. and third Coast Guard district, this Federal Communications commis- Its anniversary program, the birth- week called attention to all pleas- sion official. This check is also day date being May 29, culminates ure boat.owners to the free public rendered as a "courteBy," and no Opposes Bill 9 with thin week's activities. service of the Coast Guard auxili- report Is made to F.C.C. should it The club has Issued a souvenir ary in conducting safety examina- be found that the boat owner has history and roster, 'he introductory tions of pleasure boats. not fully complied with the laws On Teacher Pay page of which carried a message "This season," he said, "presents pertaining to vessel radio stations. from Commodoro Harvey N, a. greator challenge than ever be- Each auxiliary flotilla has its Commissioner Schcnck as follows: fore. Many new boat owners are corps of qualified examiners and "Tho Monmouth Boat club's his- venturing on the waters for the will sponsor certain localities in its Isn't Arbiter, tory over the past 75 years reveals first time with little or no experi- immediate vicinity.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the Current State of Genetic Testing - a Living Resource
    Review of the Current State of Genetic Testing - A Living Resource Prepared by Liza Gershony, DVM, PhD and Anita Oberbauer, PhD of the University of California, Davis Editorial input by Leigh Anne Clark, PhD of Clemson University July, 2020 Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 I. The Basics ......................................................................................................................................... 2 II. Modes of Inheritance ....................................................................................................................... 7 a. Mendelian Inheritance and Punnett Squares ................................................................................. 7 b. Non-Mendelian Inheritance ........................................................................................................... 10 III. Genetic Selection and Populations ................................................................................................ 13 IV. Dog Breeds as Populations ............................................................................................................. 15 V. Canine Genetic Tests ...................................................................................................................... 16 a. Direct and Indirect Tests ................................................................................................................ 17 b. Single
    [Show full text]
  • As a Responsible Dog Breeder
    • How often is someone at home? • Will they have time to walk and play with the dog? As A Responsible If feasible, it’s not unreasonable for a breeder to make a house call after the puppy has had time to settle Dog Breeder in with its new family. Some breeders require dog buyers to sign contracts indicating specific conditions of care. Important qualities to look for in potential puppy owners are interest and inquisitiveness about you and FOR MORE the dogs you breed. A person or family truly committed to responsible dog ownership will want to learn about the INFORMATION CONTACT: breed and how to care for it. THE AMERICAN KENNEL CLUB A RESPONSIBLE BREEDER IS RESPONSIBLE ◆ FOR LIFE. Now comes the best part of being a breeder. 8051 Arco Corporate Drive, Suite 100 (No, it’s not putting away the newspaper liners and Raleigh, NC 27617-3390 ◆ puppy food.) It’s having those great families you selected call you with news of puppy’s first tooth, first Customer Service: (919) 233-9767 veterinarian visit, first dog event, first win at an AKC event! It’s getting letters. It’s getting holiday cards. It’s THE AKC IS ON THE INTERNET! getting family portraits with your puppy (yes, it’ll Our World Wide Web home page address is: always be yours) smack in the middle. What’s not to www.akc.org love about being a breeder at these times? But now can come the worst part too. It’s the nice Our e-mail address is: young couple who is divorcing and neither person can [email protected] keep the dog.
    [Show full text]
  • Smart Puppy Buyer's Guide
    If you’re looking for a new dog, check your local RSPCA or other animal rescue group first. There are many wonderful puppies and dogs out there looking for new homes. But if you can’t find the right dog for you, or have your heart set on a specific breed, you’ll need to find a good breeder. Here’s how to go about it. Follow our Smart Puppy Buyer’s Guide and you’ll be on the right track to taking home a healthy, well-adjusted puppy and helping to prevent the sale of puppies from puppy mills or irresponsible breeders. Healthy puppies come from breeders who: 1. Plan ahead and aim to find good homes for every puppy they breed 2. Provide a high standard of care and living conditions for all their dogs 3. Are genuinely concerned about the welfare of their dogs 4. Are open to questions and provide a complete history of the puppy 5. Make sure that you will suit the puppy and the puppy will suit you 6. Breed to produce happy, healthy pets, free from known genetic disorders 7. Provide ongoing support and information to new owners 8. Provide a guarantee 9. Provide references on request 10. Meet all their legal requirements Finding a good breeder means asking these important questions: 1. Did the breeder plan ahead for this litter? A responsible dog breeder plans each pregnancy and knows that there is enough demand for their puppies to ensure they will all go to good homes. Ask the breeder if this pregnancy was planned, how many litters the mother has already had (six should be the maximum over her whole life), and what they will do with any unsold puppies (a good breeder will hang on to them until the right home can be found).
    [Show full text]