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International Camellia Journal 1970

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International Camellia Journal 1970 Vol. 1 No.4 March 1970 An Official Publication of the International Camellia Society The CAMELLIAS of ,JAMES TREHANE &SONS LTD. HAM LANE • LONGHAM WIMBORNE • DORSET ENGLAND · BH229DR are HARDY-They are grown outdoors plunged in sand. HEA:LTHY-They are on their own roots and certified for export. Any plant showing virus is destroyed. G,ROWTH-They are grown hard in 5-inch (12.7 ems.) and 7 inch (17.7 ems.) plastic pots and therefore transplant and grow away well. OF INFINITE VA,RIETY-Over 350 cultivars, including the best new camellias from Australia, Britain, New Zealand and America. New Camellias are added each year. ILLUSTRA"rED IN COLOUR-A new catalogue will be sent free of charge to any member of the Inter­ national Camellia Society. CaDlellias of 8apan Edited by Professor TAKASI TUYAMA 2 Volumes, 213 pages, of Colour Plates COMPREHENSIVE DESCRIPTIONS OF 420 CAMELLIAS "An outstanding contribution to camellia literature" o o o ( Lf) f::ft Published by the Takeda Science Foundation, Osaka, Japan Printed and Distributed by Hirokawa Publishing Company, Inc. Obtainable through the International Camellia Society THE COUNTRY'S LEADING GARDENERS USE For brochure and technical \'.teratu . OHN HUG re wrIte to:­ J EVESHAM ,GAN &COMPA T,I,ph••, 212:/.WORCESTERSHIRE NY LTO. VOLUME I NUMBER 4 An Official Publication of the International Camellia Society EDITED BY.. CHARLES PUDDLE • Articles may not be reproduced without the permission . of the Author and Editor· Internatiollal Camellia Society * PRESIDENT: E. G. WATERHOUSE, 17, McIntosh Street, Gordon, New South Wales, Australia VICE-PRESIDENT: ALBERT FENDIG, St. Simons Island, Georgia, U.S.A. SECRET AR Y AND EDITOR . CHARLES PUDDLE, Bqdnant Garden, Tal-y-Cafn, Colwyn Bay, Denbighshire, United Kingdom * The International Camellia Society has been inaugurated with the following motives:- . I. To foster the love of camellias throughout the world and to maintain and to increase their popularity. '. To undertake historical, scientific and horticultural research in connection with camellias. '. To co-operate with all national and regional camellia societies and with other horticultural societies. .. '. To disseminate information concerning camellias by means of bulletins and other publications. ,.1 o To encourage a friendly exchange between camellia enthusiasts of all nationalities. * ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION One Pound Sterling ($3.00) or equivalent in other currencies. 2 Vol. 1, No.4 MARCH,1970 New Trends in Camellias Leslie Riggall 5 Twenty Outstanding Camellias Albert Fendig 9 A Visii to the Tea Research Institute of Ceylon Walter Wilde 13 Moving Large Camellias Jerry Olrich 19 Thoughts About Higo Camellias Eikichi Satomi 24 . Camellias of the Borromean Islands 26 Bellingrath Gardens and its Camellias Harry F. Ryan, Jr. 28 At the Feet of the Master J; L. Baryless, Jr. 33 Camellia Searching-An Unexpected Danger H. G. Hillier 37 Camellias in the Sub-Tropical Climate of New Zealand Dorothy Aldridge 38 Dartington Revisited Herbert Cowley 41 Camellias in Oregon Helen Gordon Walker 42 Snow Camellias Kaoru Hagiya 45 Camellia Names of Australian Origin E. G. Waterhouse 48 Camellia Flower Gall Neil Treseder 62 Camellias Under Glasshouse Protection Payne H. Midyette 63 Camellias on Limestone John Bloom 64 The World's Most Popular Camellia D. M. Forrest 66 Camellias on a Business Trip L. 1. Simpson 72 The Higo Camellia Taizo Hiratsuka 74 Why Such a Poor Flowering Season? Geoffrey Gorer 77 Camellias as a Hobby George E. Newton 78 Camellias Under Glass in Greater London H. G. Ayling 80 A Cu~e for Balling S. J. Hazlewood 82 Camellia Passage Dorothea W. Newton 84 ~&Th % Notes on Japanese Camellia Publications E. G. Waterhouse 91 Camellia Register 93 3 The. Secretary's Page The lapse in the publication of the Journal is much regretted' and I hope that this issue will provide both interesting and enjoyable reading. My thanks are du~ to everyone who has contributed to its publication. In spite of all that has been written about camellias our knowledge is still very incomplete and perhaps. this is one of the reasons why they are so fascinating. The deeper one delves into the complexities of their origin and culture, the more intriguing they become. They have inherited some of the ,mystic of the East and appear to cast a spell over everyone who carries out the slightest research into their development. Certainly no group of plants can give greater pleasure. The popularity of camellias continues to increase despite temporary setbacks caused by adverse weather conditions. I am continually hearing of camellias growing in unexpected areas of the world and of the desire of someone to grow camellias where they are scarcely known. The great success story at society level is in Italy where under the inspired leadership of Dr. Antonio Sevesi the Societa Italiana della Camelia has been successfully established. The revival of interest is most welcome for Italy played a leading part in the development of camellias in the West and many of the old reliable cultivars are of Italian origin. May this newcomer prosper and encourage other countries to form national organisations. It is one of the f!lotiyes of our society to support their establishment. In. Australia a great tribute has been paid to our illustrious President by the establishment of the E. G. Waterhouse Bi-centenary Camellia Garden. I am sure that this is one of the most prized honours which our President has received and will delight everyone who appreciates the value of his . contributions to our knowledge of camellias, especially their nomenclature. The task of compiling the Camellia Checklist has proved immense but the manuscript is progressing. It will be by far the most comprehensive ,list of cam,ellianames ever published. CHARLES PUDDLE. 4 New Trends in Camellias· LESLIE RIGGALL Porto Portugal IN the early days it was assumed that all camellias grew wild in tropical or sub-tropical countries and when they first arrived in Europe they were treated as tropical plants, and cultivated only. in stove-houses and heated conservatories. After about a hundred years the discovery was made that C. faponica is hardy in Britain and countries with a similar winter climate. Camellias were then planted in large numbers outdoors, and many fine specimens, up to a hundred years of age,bear witness to the success of this policy. However, severe winters and spring frosts do check the development of camellia plants, and also the quantity and quality of the blooms produced is always greatly reduced by cool summers or cold winters. The finest natural camellia blooms I have eyer seen. were grown in or near Sacramento, California. They were astonishing, and equalled the spectacular gibbed flowers of the Southern U.S.A. Sacramento has a very hot summer, with regular temperatures in the nineties, or even higher, and the contrast with San Francisco, which is on the same latitude but has a cool summer similar to that of Britain, is amazing. San Francisco camellia blooms are poor, by American standards, and rhododendrons are often preferred locally. I feel that one must conclude that heat is the essential factor in the produ~tion of fine camellia blooms, and unless one enjoys hot summers and mild winters then the only way to produce an abundance of good flowers is to grow them under glass. I consider too that this is essential for breeding new camellias. It is rather a coincidence· that growers in the Southern States of the U.S.A. are now turning to greenhouse culture, even though they have hot sum.mers. Since the war many millions of camellias have been planted there, and several severe blizzards in recent years have wrought havoc with these fine collections of camellias. And so for one reason or another, the new trend is towards growing camellias under glass again. This is not to say that camellias should not be grown outside; on the contrary they should be used for landscaping wherever they are hardy. The lustrous evergreen foliage alone would justify. this, even if they flowered only once in a decade. But when they are planted outside it is advisable to have some shelter from trees. Deciduous trees give too much shade in summer, and insufficient protection in winter, but shelter consisting mainly Editor's Note. Mr. Riggall grew camellias in Britain for many years but now gardens in the more favourable climate of Portugal. 5 of pine trees is ideal. Wherever and however they are grown, a thick mulch is essential to success, because in their natural habitat camellias enjoy frequent rains even in summer, and they will not tolerate drying or freezing of the roots. Ideally one should combine the feeding of camellias with the mulching. The natural food of shallow-rooting plants is the detritus on the floor of the forest, mainly rotting leaves and branches. The way to reproduce these conditions is to shred the rubbish of the garden, including prunings and small branches, together with anything else which has an organic origin­ bark, paper and cardboard-and use it as a mulch for the camellias. The problem is to find a machine for this. In America the Kemp Shredder is used, but it costs a hundred pounds, and with freight charges, and duties, it becomes too expensive elsewhere, but a similar machine produced in Europe would fulfil a long-felt need. Although there has been a craze for large flowers in America since the last war, I notice a dawning realisation that colour and form are more important. I find that the Californians are much less inclined to be hypnotised by mere size, and indeed within the last ten years there is a growing interest in miniatures along the Pacific coast. Ten OJ more years ago any small-flowered camellia would have been used automatically as understock for grafting, but more recently the good ones have been preserved and there are some exquisite miniatures now.
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