LSE Segment1 Stage1archaeol

April 5, 2017

Draft Disclaimer

This document is a draft and is provided for information only. The information contained herein is subject to change during the Transit Project Assessment Process. The final version of this document will be available following the Notice of Completion.

Environment

Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) City of Toronto, Ontario

Licensee: Charlton Carscallen License: P088 PIF Number: P088-0090-2016

Prepared by: AECOM 4th Floor, 30 Leek Crescent 905 780 5964 tel Richmond Hill, Ontario, L4B 4N4 905 780 8693 fax www.aecom.com

DRAFT Project Number: 60315654

Date: June 3, 2016 REVISED REPORT AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

Distribution List

Hard Copy # PDF Association / Company Name 0 yes Metrolinx 0 yes Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport 0 yes AECOM

Revision Log

Revision Revised By Date Issue / Revision Description # 1 MW May 13, 2016 MTCS revisions

AECOM Signatures

Report Prepared By: Melissa Wallace, MA Archaeological Field Director

Report Reviewed By: DRAFT Glenn Kearsley, MA Project Administrator

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

Executive Summary

This Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment (AA) was completed on behalf of Metrolinx for the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Project as part of the Transit Project Assessment Process. The study area (Figure 1) extends from east of Cherry Street northeast to Midland Avenue, in the City of Toronto. A total of 178.8 hectares were assessed. The purpose of this project is to improve GO Transit’s service in the Lakeshore East Corridor in order to improve mobility through the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA).

This Stage 1 AA documents the geographic, archaeological and land use history of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Project study area in order to assess its potential to contain archaeological resources. An optional property inspection was not conducted due to the presence of snow cover preventing the sufficient visibility of land features, as per Section 1.2, Standard 2 of the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (2011: 15-16). Instead, documentary sources, historic maps, detailed mapping and satellite imagery were analyzed in order to evaluate the archaeological potential found within the study area.

The results of the Stage 1 AA indicate that, while the majority of the lands within the study area appear to have been disturbed by past development, there are portions which still retain archaeological potential. This is based on the presence of historic homesteads, the proximity of historic roads and railway, other archaeological sites and certain physiographic features in proximity the study area.

For lands within the study area that contain archaeological potential and will be impacted by the proposed Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Project, AECOM makes the following recommendations:

1) A Stage 2 AA should be conducted by a licensed consultant archaeologist using the test pit survey method at 5 m intervals in areas of archaeological potential marked in green in Section 6: Figures 8-14.

2) Due to the potential for deeply buried intact archaeological resources on floodplains and beneath land alterations, Stage 2 AA will be required, following Section 2.1.7, Standard 2 of the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists in areas marked in purple in Section 6: Figures 8-14 (MTCS 2011). Should test pitting by hand not reach subsoil (i.e. the area is found to have potential but it may be deeply buried), the survey methodology outlined in Section 2.1.7, Standard 3 or Guideline 2 for survey in deeply buried conditions must be adhered to.

3) Areas that are marked in red hatched lines in Section 6: Figures 8-14 are disturbed. These areas require no further archaeological assessment.

4) The Stage 2 AA will follow the requirements set out in the 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTCS 2011).

DRAFT

iii AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

Project Personnel

Project Manager Charlton Carscallen, M.A. [P088]

Project Administrator Glenn Kearsley, M.A. [P123]

Report Production Melissa Wallace, M.A. [R496]

Senior Review Glenn Kearsley

GIS Analyst Michael Collins, B.Sc.

Acknowledgements

Proponent Contact Metrolinx

Approval Authority Metrolinx

DRAFT

iv AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

Table of Contents

Distribution List Executive Summary Project Personnel page 1. Project Context ...... 1 1.1 Development Context ...... 1 1.1.1 Objectives ...... 1 1.2 Historical Context ...... 1 1.2.1 Pre-Contact Aboriginal Settlement ...... 1 1.2.2 Euro-Canadian Settlement ...... 2 1.3 Archaeological Context ...... 7 1.3.1 Natural Environment ...... 7 1.3.2 Known Archaeological Sites and Surveys ...... 8 1.3.3 Existing Conditions ...... 10 1.3.4 Determining Archaeological Potential ...... 10 2. Analysis and Conclusions ...... 12 3. Recommendations ...... 12 4. Advice on Compliance with Legislation ...... 13 5. Bibliography and Sources ...... 14 6. Figures ...... 15

List of Figures

Figure 1: Location of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Study Area ...... 16 Figure 2: Location of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Study Area ...... 17 Figure 3: Location of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Study Area in relation to the 1860 Tremaine Map of the Townships of York and Scarboro ...... 18 Figure 4: Location of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Study Area in relation to the 1878 Historic Atlas Maps of the Townships of York and Scarboro ...... 19 Figure 5: Western Terminus of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion in Relation to Goads 1884 Fire Insurance Map...... DRAFT 20 Figure 6: Western Terminus of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion in Relation to Goads 1890 Fire Insurance Map ...... 21 Figure 7: Segment of the c. 1892 Toronto Railway Company Map Showing Street Railway Lines, including what is the current Lakeshore East Rail Corridor (Toronto Public Library TRL, 970-16) ...... 22 Figure 8: Results of the Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Including the 50m Study Area Buffer ...... 23

v AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

Figure 9: Results of the Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Including the 50m Study Area Buffer ...... 24 Figure 10: Results of the Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Including the 50m Study Area Buffer ...... 25 Figure 11: Results of the Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Including the 50m Study Area Buffer ...... 26 Figure 12: Results of the Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Including the 50m Study Area Buffer ...... 27 Figure 13: Results of the Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Including the 50m Study Area Buffer ...... 28 Figure 14: Results of the Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Including the 50m Study Area Buffer ...... 29

List of Tables

Table 1: Historic Land Owners and Features Located Within the Study Area ...... 5 Table 2: Archaeological Sites within 1 km of the Study Area ...... 9

DRAFT

vi AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

1. Project Context

1.1 Development Context

This Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment (AA) was completed on behalf of Metrolinx for the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Project as part of the Transit Project Assessment Process. The study area extends from east of Cherry Street northeast to Midland Avenue, in the City of Toronto. The purpose of this project is to improve GO Transit’s service in the Lakeshore East Corridor in order to improve mobility through the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA). A total of 178.8 hectares were assessed.

This Stage 1 AA was completed using background research to describe the geography, land use history, archaeological management plans (Toronto Maps 2016), previous archaeological fieldwork and current condition of the lands within this study area. An optional Stage 1 field review was not completed due to winter weather and the presence of snow cover preventing the sufficient visibly of land features, as per Section 1.2, Standard 2 of the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (2011: 15-16). Instead, documentary sources, historic maps, detailed mapping and satellite imagery were analyzed in order to evaluate the archaeological potential found within the proposed study area. A 50m buffer from the outside limits of the rail line corridor was established for the purpose of this assessment to create a slightly larger study area (Figure 1) that is required in order to allow for slight variances in the proposed expansion.

The Stage 1 AA was carried out under the project direction and archaeological licence of Charlton Carscallen [professional archaeological licence #P088] (AECOM) in accordance with the provisions of the Ontario Heritage Act (2005) and with the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTCS 2011), formulated by the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport (MTCS).

1.1.1 Objectives

The Stage 1 AA has been conducted to meet the requirements of the MTCS’s Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTCS 2011). The objective of the Stage 1 AA background study is to document the archaeological and land use history and present conditions within the project study area. This information will be used to support recommendations regarding cultural heritage value or interest as well as assessment and mitigation strategies. The Stage 1 AA research information will be drawn from:

 MTCS’s Ontario Archaeological Sites Database (OASD) for a listing of registered archaeological sites within a 1 km radius of the study area;  Reports of previous archaeological assessment within 50 m of the study area;  Recent and historical maps of the study areas; and  Archaeological management plans or other archaeological potential mapping, where available

1.2 Historical ContextDRAFT 1.2.1 Pre-Contact Aboriginal Settlement

Although glaciers retreated from southern Ontario some 13,000 years ago, the massive weight of these ice sheets left the earth’s crust compressed, lowering the area below sea level and allowing sea water to flow inland forming the Champlain Sea. Over the next 3000 years, the Champlain Sea gradually receded as the earth’s crust rebounded, eventually permitting the first inhabitants to move into the region 10,000 years ago. The barrier presented by the Champlain Sea explains why sites of Ontario’s first occupants, Paleo-Indians, (ca. 11,000 to 9500 B.P. (before present; radiocarbon dating using January 1, 1950 as ‘present’)) are largely absent from the area. Instead, Paleo-Indian sites in the larger region are concentrated in southwestern Ontario and southern New York State. Paleo-Indians were widely scattered, nomadic groups that occupied the sub-tundra-like environment that prevailed in southern Ontario at the end of

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

the Pleistocene. Past research indicates that these groups likely followed big game (such as Caribou) across the landscape, preferring to camp on high ground, immediately adjacent to water sources, such as glacial lakes or spillways, where smaller game and plant foods would have been harvested. Relatively large fluted projectile points are the hallmark of the Paleo-Indian toolkit. In the southern Ontario area, Lake Ontario was only a fraction of its current size. The first people in this region likely migrated north from the southern warmer climates when both Lake Erie and Lake Ontario were much smaller (Munson & Jamieson, 2013: 26).

The subsequent Archaic period (9500 to 2800 B.P.) in Ontario is characterized by a warming climate and a temperate forest environment. An abundance of streams and rivers intersected the landscape and along with surrounding large fresh water lakes, would have supported many species of fish, shorebirds and mammals. Small hunting and gathering bands (20-50 people) utilized the lake shores during the spring and summer months, then broke into family groups and moved inland for the fall and winter to hunt and trap. Archaic tool assemblages consisted of both chipped and ground/polished stone implements indicating that a wider variety of activities, such as fishing, woodworking and food preparation/grinding, were now taking place.

The Archaic period is followed by the Woodland period (ca. 2800 B.P. to 350 B.P.) which is subdivided into three phases. The Early Woodland period (ca. 2800 to 2400 B.P.) is characterized by the introduction of pottery for storage and an increase in regional trade networks. Trading of exotic goods, such as obsidian, silver, copper and sea shells persists into the Middle Woodland period (ca. 2400 B.P. to 1100 B.P.) when horticulture was introduced to Ontario. The adoption of food production brought on a more sedentary lifestyle in seasonal villages, and more elaborate burial ceremonies – including the construction of large, earthen mounds. The Late Woodland period (ca. 1100 to 350 B.P.) is marked by the establishment of palisaded villages (often containing dozens of longhouse structures), intensified agriculture and an increase in regional warfare.

1.2.2 Euro-Canadian Settlement

The study area crosses the historic Townships of Scarboro and York, in the County of York. The illustrated historic atlas maps, the 1860 Tremaine mapping and documentary sources were consulted when researching the history of the Townships and compiling the specific land use history for each lot in the study area (Figures 3 - 7).

York County is described in detail in the Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of York of 1878. Governor Simcoe had previously organized Upper Canada into nineteen counties, one of which was named York County. The County consisted of two ridings, east and west, bounded by Durham to the east, and the River Thames on the west. York was originally comprised of what are now the municipalities of York, Peel and Halton as well as Durham Region and the City of Toronto, but by 1851 it was dramatically reduced in size as Wentworth, Halton, Ontario and Peel Counties had been separated from the County. Survey along the Lake Ontario shoreline began in 1791, with eleven Townships laid out between the River Trent and the head of the Bay of Quinte. In 1798, the County of York contained the Townships of Whitby, Pickering, Scarborough, York, Etobicoke, Markham, Vaughan, King, Whitchurch, Uxbridge, and Gwillimbury. The settlement of York began slowly, with no more than twelve houses built by 1795. In 1805, the Toronto Purchase was completed, with 250,880 acres transferred from the Mississauga’s for ten shillings. Many of the first settlers were U. E. and American Loyalists, who were supplied with either a Town lot or 200 acres. In 1794, a number of German families moved to York from New YorkDRAFT City. By 1830, the population had grown significantly, to 17,025, and York was incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834.

Scarboro Township

The Geographic Township of Scarboro, now Scarborough, made up the eastern portion of York County. Scarborough was named after the English town of the same name, by Elizabeth Simcoe. It is bordered on the east by Pickering and the Rouge River, to the south by Lake Ontario, to the north by Steeles Avenue and to the west by Victoria Park Avenue. The study area is found in the southwest corner of the township.

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

Prior to European settlement, this area located around the northwestern edge of Lake Ontario would have been a junction point of land and water routes (ASI 2004). Trails would have extended from the shoreline of Lake Ontario up the rivers systems toward the Oak Ridges Moraine, eventually extending northward to the Upper Great Lakes. Oral tradition and archaeological evidence indicates that the area has attracted Aboriginal peoples for millennia. For example, the Scarborough Bluffs (a relict shoreline formed from the Glacial Lake Iroquois), are known to contain Paleo-Indian sites that are approximately 11,000 years old. While populations increased steadily through the subsequent Archaic Periods, by the mid-sixteenth century, roughly 25,000 Iroquoian-speaking peoples inhabited the north shore of Lake Ontario, including those that later formed the Huron or Wendat Confederacy (Trigger 1990). Post European contact, the Five Nations Iroquois established several settlements along the north shore although, due to conflict with the French, they were abandoned by 1680. At this time, several Algonquian-speaking groups from the Upper Great Lakes, including the Mississauga, Ojibwa (or Chippewa) and Odawa arrived.

When originally surveyed by Augustus Jones in 1793, the Townships of Pickering, Scarboro and York were respectively named Edinburgh, Glasgow and Dublin (Boyle 1896:26). The Township of Scarboro’s concessions were set up east to west, rather than the more frequently encountered north to south. Some of the early Euro-Canadian settlers included United Empire Loyalists. The Canada Company purchased several hundred acres, the Legislature was granted 384 acres, and King’s College purchased approximately 2000 acres. In the early 1800’s the Township consisted mostly of scattered villages. The Township of Scarboro was declared a borough when it joined the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto (now the City of Toronto) in 1954. It was declared a city in 1983, due to its rapid growth and large population size.

Several historic roads are found within Scarboro, and include Danforth and Kingston Roads. These transportation routes followed early Aboriginal trails. Danforth Road was completed in this part of the province in 1799, originally contracted to Mr. Danforth from York to the Bay of Quinte (Boyle 1896:112). Kingston Road, initially Kingston Street, was first cleared in 1800, connecting Kingston and York.

With the clearing of land for farming and the vast variety and quantity of lumber materials, the lumber industry thrived in this area. As a result, saw mills began to emerge as early as 1804 and eventually dozens could be found along the Highland Creek and the Rouge River. This continued until the depletion of the forests in the area. Grist and Flour-mills were also found along the watercourses until 1850, when a flood carried away the last of the old dams (Boyle 1896:131). Other common trades found in the township included blacksmiths, wagon makers, shoemakers, and ship builders. Several 19th century churches and school houses can found be in the immediate vicinity of the study area. The population of the Township was 89 in 1802, with a total of 477 inhabitants by 1820, and 3,821 by 1850.

There are several historic villages located within the township, including the historic village of L’Amaroux, Scarborough Village, the village of Ellesmere, and Agincourt. With the building of the Railway lines beginning in 1856, several communities were created at junction stops. The Grand Trunk Railway (GTR), the location of the current Lakeshore East corridor, runs along the southern portion of the Township. The historic Toronto and Nipissing Railway diverges from the GTR beginning at the Scarborough Junction and crosses the township to the north for approximately two miles (3.2 km). The Ontario and Quebec Railway was opened in 1884. DRAFT The Township of Scarborough was declared a borough when it was amalgamated into the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto (now the City of Toronto) in 1954. The 1793 land survey of Scarborough Township created some distinct land use patterns that still exist adjacent to the railway corridor. The principal east west roads in the community are the former concession roads – from south to north: St. Clair Avenue East, Danforth Road, Queen Street East and Kingston Road. The Gardiner Expressway and the Don Valley Parkway were built in the late 1950s and early 1960s and the Yonge Subway Line was completed in 1954, to accommodate for the increase in commuter traffic.

The impact of urbanization can be seen in the evolution of commuter traffic on the Lakeshore East Corridor. The line had carried passenger traffic since the rail line opened in 1856, with two trains every day between Toronto and Montreal and one train a day between Toronto and Kingston. By 1967, GO was operating weekday single train service from Oakville to Pickering. This minimal service was a hint of the future importance of commuter traffic. In 2011 GO bought the track from

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

CNR. In 2015 GO operates two-way, all-day service, seven days a week between Toronto and Oshawa. Due to the age of the rail lines, numerous episodes of construction and upgrading for various stations, roadbeds, tracks, buildings, yards and servicing facilities have caused sections of deep and extensive disturbance within the study corridor.

York Township

The Township of York was first surveyed in 1791 by Augustus Jones, at which time it was referred to as “Dublin” (Adam and Mulvany 1885: 77). At this time, all the surveying had accomplished was to run boundary lines dividing the Townships. The name was soon changed to “York” and is referred to as such in a document from 1793. This document also suggests the Township was briefly named “Toronto” before its final change (Adam and Mulvany 1885: 78). Messrs Aitken and Jones further surveyed York in 1793, although they did not finish. The Township was not fully surveyed until 1829 when the work was completed by Wilmont (Adam and Mulvany 1885: 78).

The population for York Township in 1798 was recorded in combination with the Home District, the Town of York, Etobicoke and Scarborough, for a total population of 749 (Adam and Mulvany 1885: 79). By 1820 the Township of York’s population had risen to 1,672, in 1825 it jumped to 2,412, and 5,720 inhabitants were recorded in 1842 (Adam and Mulvany 1885: 80). The 1881 census listed the population at 13,748; more than double its size of four decades earlier.

Early notable communities within York Township included Elia, Seaton Village, Parkdale, Willowdale, Newtonbrook, York Mills, Eglington and Davisville. Elia, located immediately south of the study area at the corner of Keele Street and Finch Avenue, was first settled by German pioneers in the late 1700s and early 1800s, followed by English and Scottish families (Toronto Neighbourhoods 2015). All that remains of this village is the ‘Elijah’ church, as other landmarks were closed in the 1950s when the farmland was purchased by developers. The first village in the Township of York to be incorporated was Yorkville in 1884, followed by North Toronto in 1889. Riverdale, Rosedale, the Annex, Seaton Village and Sunnyside followed and were annexed directly to Toronto in the 1880’s (ASI 2004).

Railway transportation greatly improved in Ontario beginning in the mid-1800s. The opening of the Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) between Montreal and Toronto in 1856 provided a link between the two cities that was more easily travelled than mid-19th century roads. The GTR was designed to enhance the St. Lawrence-Great Lakes shipping routes in response to the railroads and shipping networks in the United States. As a result it also strengthened the connection and link between the townships, and municipal and provincial economies in Ontario. The Northern Railway is located in the western portion of York Township and played an important role in its development. The Grand Trunk & Toronto & Nipissing Railway, which was the location of the current Lakeshore East study area, was built in the southern end of the township along the shore of Lake Ontario. This railway brought industry and employment to many of the smaller communities along its line, including Riverdale (Riverside) and Scarborough Junction (Toronto Neighbourhoods 2015). By the early-20th century, the GTR had expanded its service through a series of mergers and partnerships with other lines, however, in 1923 the newly formed, and publically-owned Canadian National Railway (CNR) absorbed the GTR through a reorganization of the company. The CNR had assumed operation and management of the line between Toronto and Montreal including its structures such as bridges and culverts, which were maintained throughout the 20th century. In 2011, Metrolinx acquired the Kingston subdivision of the original route which included the Lakeshore East Corridor. As noted above, numerous episodes of construction and DRAFTupgrading for various stations, roadbeds, tracks, buildings, yards and servicing facilities have caused deep and extensive disturbance within the study corridor.

Relatively little change occurred within the land surrounding the study area during the inter-war years. However, there were harbingers of the forces that were to change the landscape after the Second World War. Most significant was the rapid rise of automobile traffic after the First World War. By the 1930s, automobile usage had increased to a point at which traffic congestion was beginning to appear along several intercity highways. In 1931 construction began – although in a very modest way – on the future Queen Elizabeth Way and in 1936 on sections of what later became Highway 401 between Toronto and Oshawa.

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

The railway system had been overbuilt in an era of economic prosperity leading up to World War 1 and automobile traffic encroached on passenger rail traffic. The Canadian Northern Railway did not survive the austerity of the post war years. It became part of the CNR between 1917 and 1919. Although the line between Toronto and Ottawa was abandoned in 1939 a stump of the railway still survives in the study corridor as a freight siding.

In the most southern portion of the study area, west of the Don River, is an area known as West Don Lands, originally ‘The Park’ in the early 1800’s (Toronto Neighbourhood 2015). This area was used to help finance a provincial hospital through the sale of parcels of land. This area has been occupied by industrial buildings, followed by residential housing for labourers from the local brewery and distillery, and rail yards.

The Goad’s Fire Insurance Plans from 1884 and 1890 show the development within the area, as well as the channelization of the Don River and the infilling (Figures 5 and 6).

Study Area Specific Land Use

As listed in Table 1, and illustrated in the 1860 Tremaine mapping and the 1878 historical atlas mapping (Figures 3-4), a number of 19th century historic features are known to have been present near the study area. Therefore, the potential for historic archaeological resources within the study areas is deemed as moderate to high.

Table 1: Historic Land Owners and Features Located Within the Study Area

Lot Concession 1860 Map Features 1878 Map Features Township of Scarboro 35 A James Beatty Gravel Road Company Peter Patterson W. Elliott Peter Paterson Victoria Parle 34 A Honourable Francis Hincks William B. Scarth Mrs. Winstanly Gravel Road Company North portion owned by a W., D., T., and J. McD. 33 A W. Heward Hewart Estate C. F. R. V. 32 A Archibald Thomson John D. Thomson Archibald Thomson 31 A G. Auburn Septimus Auburn J. Warffle, Inn 32 B John Walton, 1 structure Frank Thomas R. Thornbeck, 1 structure Thornbeck Estate, 1 structure, orchards 31 B John Walton, 1 structure John Frame DRAFTJ. Palmer James Palmer, 1 structure, orchards 30 B Thomas Brownlie, Danforth P.O., 1 structure J. Russell Charles Watkins Robert Brown, 1 structure, orchards, Danforth Post Office Thomas Brown, 1 structure Thomas Brown, 1 structure, orchards James Findlay, 1 structure James Findlay, 1 structure, orchards 29 B Charles Watkins, 1 structure John Russell, 2 structures, orchards J. Watkinds G. Smith R. Davison, School House, Scarboro Post Office, Thomas Mrs. Davidson 1 structure

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

Lot Concession 1860 Map Features 1878 Map Features Thomas Brown, School house Thomas Brown, 1 structure, orchards I. Burton, Inn, B.S.S. 28 B E. Bates Henry Auburn George Auburn, Tannery, 2 structures George Keith, 3 structures, orchards John Sterling Septimus Auburn, 1 structure, orchards Simpson Bates, 1 structure 27 B William Hale William Heal, 1 structure, orchards A. Thompson’s Halfway House J. D. J. Maclure, 1 structure George Keith, 1 structure, orchards, primitive Methodist church 27 C John Torrance Robert Young, 1 structure W. Walton Robert Martin, 1 structure 26 C George Taylor, 1 structure George B. Taylor, 3 structures, orchards Lot Concession 1860 Map Features 1878 Map Features** Township of York 1 I from the Bay R. S. Dalton **There are no landowners listed on the 1878 Rev. Grasett Atlas map for York Township. J. Lawler George Monroe Adam Wilson, M. P. P. 2 I from the Bay D. Burnide, Store, Inn P. L. A. Dr. Muitland Adam Wilson, M. P. P. 3 I from the Bay Henry Boulton, Tollbar M. Sullivan Leith Robert S. Dalton 4 I from the Bay C. D. M. H. Leith D. K. Frekan, Inn D. T. O’N. F. K. Lynn T. T. D. K. F. 5 I from the Bay Ewurt DRAFTJohn R. Bugg (disputed) Community of Norway, with inns, stores 6 I from the Bay C. C. Small Church, School (part of Norway) 7 I from the Bay C.C. Small

8 I from the Bay Samuel Hill Levie Ashbridge Samuel Ashbridge John Ashbridge

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

Lot Concession 1860 Map Features 1878 Map Features George Ashbridge Jesse Ashbridge 9 I from the Bay Jesse Ashbridge Captain Neville 10 I from the Bay John Ross Ernest C. C. Small James Palmer Francis Thomas Hasting W. K. Phepps *Lots 11-15, Concession I from the bay in York Township were subdivided west of Leslieville. Figures 3 and 4 show the illustrated landowners

1.3 Archaeological Context

1.3.1 Natural Environment

The Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) study area is situated within the City of Toronto, which is located within the “Iroquois Plains” and “South Slope” physiographic regions of southern Ontario (Chapman and Putnam 1984: 174-176). These two physiographic regions, alongside the Peel Plain and are found between Lake Ontario and the interlobate moraine.

The Iroquois Plain itself extends from the Niagara River around the north side of Lake Ontario to the Trent River and varies in width from a few hundred metres to approximately 12 km (Chapman and Putnam 1984: 190). This plain is comprised of lowland areas that were submerged by a body of water known as Lake Iroquois during the last glacial period approximately 12,000 years ago and, as a result, is characterized by the cliffs, bars, beaches and boulder pavements of its old shorelines, as well as undulating till plains (Chapman and Putnam 1984: 190). These old shorelines of Lake Iroquois are now found well inland from the present shoreline.

The first European settlements in Toronto were found along the Iroquois lake plain, which cut into previously deposited clay and till, and is partly floored with sand deposits. Indeed the Don Valley, through which the eastern portion of the study area extends, provided the clay deposits for the production of much of Toronto’s bricks.

The northeastern portion of the study area is located within the South Slope physiographic region, which is a ground moraine with irregular knolls and hollows. It is underlain by carbonate rich Palaeozoic rock with a variety of overlying glacial deposits. In the region of the study area, the slope is smoothed, faintly drumlinized and intersected by tributaries of the Humber, Rouge and Don Rivers (Chapman and Putman 1984). The streams found within this region flow down the slope and have thus cut sharpDRAFT valleys into the till (Chapman and Putnam 1984: 289).

A number of South Slope soil types are well-suited to agricultural use. Generally, soils vary in an east-west direction according to till content. Clay and shale content in soils increases moving west from the Regional Municipality of Durham. In the study area, soils include a small amount of black and grey shales and are slightly acidic. Scarborough’s Woburn loam is considered the best agricultural soil in the South Slope region and prior to urbanization this area was premium farmland (Chapman and Putman 1984).

Potable water is the single most important resource necessary for any extended human occupation or settlement. Since water sources have remained relatively stable in south-central Ontario after the Pleistocene era, proximity to water can

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

be regarded as a useful index for the evaluation of archaeological site potential. Indeed, distance from water has been one of the most commonly used variables for predictive modeling of site location. A number of small tributaries and rivers are located within or in close proximity to the study area, along with Lake Ontario and the Don River. The location of these waterbodies increases the archaeological potential within the Lakeshore East study area.

The Don River watershed has two main branches, the East and the West Don, which drain a total area of 360 square km. Since European settlement, the Don River Valley has changed dramatically. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century the Lower Don River was straightened and channelized; the marsh at the mouth of the river was drained and filled. This area is known as West Don Lands, originally ‘The Park’ in the early 1800’s (Toronto Neighbourhoods 2015). This area was used to help finance a provincial hospital through the sale of parcels of land. It has been occupied by industrial buildings, followed by residential housing for labourers from the local brewery, distillery and rail yards. The corridor is surrounded by a mix of mid-density residential subdivisions, light industrial areas and commercial areas. The overall character of the lands surrounding the railway have evolved from that of mixed faming and agricultural and small towns and villages to a highly developed mix of business and light industrial parks, residential and commercial uses.

According to a Historic Plaque located in the northern of the study area, detailing the straightening of the Don River:

“The lower Don River used to meander through woods and marshes before discharging into both Toronto harbour and Ashbridge's Bay Marsh, one of the Great Lakes' largest coastal wetlands. As the city expanded closer to the river, the Don's natural cycle of flooding became a problem. The slow-moving river and its marshy banks also became heavily polluted and, by the 1870s, were considered a threat to public health.

In response, the City's 1886 Don Improvement Plan channelized the lower Don River to both speed up and contain its flow, creating new industrial and transportation corridors along its banks. By 1892, the river had been straightened, widened, and deepened from near Gerrard Street to the lake.

As a result of this plan, more river valley land became available for development. The plan, however, did not fulfill its promise of bringing shipping to the Don. It also failed to improve sanitary conditions and prevent flooding, largely because it did not consider the full complexity of the Don River's natural hydrology. Beginning in 2006, the extensive mound of earth behind you was created to prevent the possible flooding of downtown Toronto through the West Don Lands.” Toronto Historical Plaques 2016

As noted in the Master Plan of Archaeological Resources for the City of Toronto, shoreline ports were chosen by early Euro-Canadian settlers and Aboriginal peoples before them, including along the west side of the outlet of the Don River (ASI 2004: 20). Due to the Toronto lakeshore area’s importance in the early development of the City, many early archaeological resources such as docks, wharfs, railway corridors and industrial sites were likely buried during filling episodes completed in an effort to expand the waterfront (ASI 2004:38). ASI (2004:29) suggests that, in order to accommodate the changes to the waterfront and river locations, “all lands located beyond 250m of water, but within 250m of the top of bank of all major rivers within the City, such as the Humber, Don or Rouge and their major tributaries, and are also considered to demonstrate significant potential”. As a result, there is high potential for archaeological resources to be found deeply buried in the study area along the western side of the Don River, and the archaeological potential model created by ASI can be seen in Figure 8 in Section 6.

1.3.2 Known ArchaeologicalDRAFT Sites and Surveys

In Ontario, information concerning archaeological sites is stored in the OASD maintained by the MTCS. This database contains archaeological registered sites within the Borden system. Under the Borden system, Canada has been divided into grid blocks based on longitude and latitude. A Borden block is approximately 13 km east to west, and approximately 18.5 km north to south. Each Borden block is referred by a four letter designation and sites located within the block are numbered sequentially as they are found. The study area is located in Borden Blocks AjGu, AjGt, AkGt, and AkGu.

A total of 17 archaeological sites have been identified within 1 km of the study area (Table 2). Of these sites, one is pre- contact, one is both pre-contact and Euro-Canadian, and the remaining sites are 19th century Euro-Canadian.

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

Table 2: Archaeological Sites within 1 km of the Study Area

Borden Cultural Site Name Site Type Researcher Comments Number Affiliation Historic Euro-Canadian site, researched in AkGt-36 O'Sullivan Inn Euro-Canadian Homestead n/a 1987, dating to the 19th and 20th century. House of Manufacturing Euro-Canadian manufacturing site, further work AkGu-74 Euro-Canadian ASI 2011 Industry site required Late Woodland AkGu-1 Withrow Ossuary burial n/a n/a pre-contact AkGt-59 Bell Estate Euro-Canadian Homestead ASI 2011 No further work required

AkGt-15 Heinze n/a n/a n/a n/a A number of archaeological features were recovered during Stage 2 and 3, including St. Lawrence Market, Golder Associates AjGu-92 Euro-Canadian pits, refuse, post molds, a well, building Market Homestead Ltd. 2015 foundations and drains. Further work is required. ASI 2013; The Subject to Stage 1-4 assessments, no further AjGu-85 Berkeley House Euro-Canadian Homestead Archaeologists work required Ltd. 2015 Site was subject to Stage 2 and 3 ASI 2012; Industrial, archaeological assessments, resulting in 42 CRM Lab AjGu-82 King-Caroline Euro-Canadian Residential, artifacts, dating to 1800-1850. Sixty-five Archaeological Commercial boxes of artifacts were recovered during Services 2013 Stage 4. West Market Stage 2 assessment recovered 244 artifacts AgJu-67 Euro-Canadian Hotel ASI 2011 Square from a hotel dating to 1850-1950. Smith-Barber 1840’s-1860’s soap and candle factory. AjGu-66 Euro-Canadian Factory ASI 2010 Site Stage 4 monitoring completed. Toronto Lime Kiln Works as well as earlier Toronto Lime domestic remains, not excavated, will require AjGu-61 Euro-Canadian Homestead Archeoworks Inc. Kiln Works monitoring or excavation if future development occurs. The Gooderham Remains of two intact but discontinuous AjGu-46 and Worts Euro-Canadian Mill ASI 2003 sections of a windmill foundation. No further Windmill Site work required Administrative Williamson, Test excavations of three trenches resulted in AjGu-41 Parliament Euro-Canadian Building Ronald 2000 2426 artifacts. Further work is required. Williamson, Twenty-six historic artifacts recovered during AjGu-35 n/a Euro-Canadian Homestead DRAFTRonald 1996 Stage 2-3 excavations. Further work required Janusas, Scarlett Site is a cemetery dating to c. 1850-1874, a St. James 1985; AjGu-17 Euro-Canadian Cemetery total of 10 burials were excavated and 1,849 Cathedral Williamson, Ron artifacts. No further work required. 19873 19th century homestead and 19th and 20th Euro- Homestead, Smardz, Karolyn century playground features and artifacts. A Thornton Canadian; Late AjGu-16 School; 1984; ASI 2011 late woodland Iroquoian camp scatter was Blackburn Woodland pre- Campsite also present. Stage 4 excavations were contact completed. No further work required.

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

Borden Cultural Site Name Site Type Researcher Comments Number Affiliation 19th and 20th century artifacts from a market Leslieville Public Hamalainen, Peter AjGt-2 Euro-Canadian School, Market and school, likely part of the historic School 1985 Leslieville Village

None of the sites received from the OASD fall within the study area itself. A large number of these sites are found in the most southerly section of the study area near Cherry Street, including the Parliament site (AjGu-41), The Gooderham and Worts Windmill site (AjGu-46), AjGu-35, and the Thornton Blackburn site (AjGu-16). A total of five sites have been mitigated and will not require any further assessments and five have been identified as requiring further work. It is not clear from the database whether the remaining eight sites will require further archaeological assessments.

Work within 50 m of the Study Area

A review of the reports available for the known sites within 1 km did not produce any fieldwork completed within 50 m of the study area. However, it is unknown whether there are any reports for fieldwork which resulted in negative results that would be within 50 m of the study area. A request was made by AECOM on January 28, 2016 to obtain a number of these reports from MTCS, however no response was received. As a result, a follow up request was sent to MTCS (April 5, 2016).

1.3.3 Existing Conditions

The study area is centered around the present Metrolinx Lakeshore East Rail Corridor right-of-way (ROW), east of Cherry Street and northeast to Midland Avenue, in the City of Toronto. The land surrounding this corridor consists of industrial, commercial and residential areas, including a variety of parks and sports complexes, along with small areas of tree cover and manicured lawns. The Don River and Lake Ontario are the major waterbodies located within or in close proximity to the study area. Numerous other tributaries cross through the study area, draining into Lake Ontario to the south. The majority of the areas assessed exhibited disturbance in the form of track, road and sidewalk construction, mounding, grading and slope.

Section 6: Figures 8-14 show the current conditions of the study area, illustrating modern roads and communities, residential areas and associated disturbances.

1.3.4 Determining Archaeological Potential

Based on past archaeological findings in the province, MTCS has identified criteria that can be used to evaluate a property’s archaeological potential. These criteria are related to various geographic and cultural-historic features which would have influenced land / resource use and settlement by past peoples (MTCS 2011), and include such characteristics as: DRAFT

 previously known archaeological sites within 300 m of the subject property  water sources within 300 m of the subject property, including primary (lakes, rivers, streams, creeks), secondary (springs, marshes, seasonal creeks and streams) and past (glacial shorelines or relic stream channels) water sources  elevated topography (drumlins, knolls, plateaux)  areas of well-drained, sandy soils  distinctive land formations that might have been special or spiritual places (waterfalls, rock outcrops, caves, mounds and promontories and their bases)

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

 resource areas (animal migratory routes, spawning areas, raw material or plant procurement locations) and early Euro-Canadian industry (fur trade, logging and mining)  areas of early Euro-Canadian pioneer settlement and / or transportation routes (trails, roads, railways, portage routes, wharf or dock complexes)  properties that local histories or informants have identified with possible archaeological sites, historical events, activities, or occupations

By determining if one (or any) of these criteria are present, archaeologists are able to estimate whether a property has low, moderate or high potential for containing archaeological remains. Certain features indicate that archaeological potential has been removed, such as land that has been subject to extensive and intensive deep land alterations that have severely damaged the integrity of any archaeological resources. This includes landscaping that involves grading below the topsoil level, building footprints, quarrying and sewage, and infrastructure development (MTCS, 2011).

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AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

2. Analysis and Conclusions

The results of the Stage 1 AA indicate that while much of the lands within the existing study area have been disturbed by past commercial and residential development as well as railway and road construction, small portions still contain archaeological potential for both historic Euro-Canadian and pre-contact archaeological resources. This is based on the presence of archaeological sites within 1 km of the study area, the early Euro-Canadian settlement known to have occurred within the study area, and the presence of natural environmental features such as watercourses. These areas require a Stage 2 AA consisting of test pitting (indicated in green and purple in Section 6: Figures 8-14, 25.59 hectares).

3. Recommendations

For lands within the study area that contain archaeological potential and will be impacted by the proposed Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Project, AECOM makes the following recommendations:

1) A Stage 2 AA should be conducted by a licensed consultant archaeologist using the test pit survey method at 5 m intervals (areas of archaeological potential marked in green in Section 6: Figures 8-14).

3) Areas that are marked in red hatched lines in Section 6: Figures 8-14 are disturbed. These areas require no further archaeological assessment.

4) The Stage 2 AA will follow the requirements set out in the 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTCS 2011).

The above recommendations are subject to Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport approval, and it is an offence to alter any archaeological site without Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport concurrence. No grading or other activities that may result in the destruction or disturbance of an archaeological site are permitted until notice of Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport approval hasDRAFT been received.

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

4. Advice on Compliance with Legislation a) This report is submitted to the MTCS as a condition of licencing in accordance with Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c 0.18. The report is reviewed to ensure that it complies with the standards and guidelines that are issued by the Minister, and that the archaeological fieldwork and report recommendations ensure the conservation, protection and preservation of the cultural heritage of Ontario. When all matters relating to archaeological sites within the project area of a development proposal have been addressed to the satisfaction of the MTCS, a letter will be issued by the ministry stating that there are no further concerns with regard to alterations to archaeological sites by the proposed development. b) It is an offence under Sections 48 and 69 of the Ontario Heritage Act for any party other than a licensed archaeologist to make any alteration to a known archaeological site or to remove any artifact or other physical evidence of past human use or activity from the site, until such a time as a licensed archaeologist has completed archaeological fieldwork on the site, submitted a report to the Minister stating that the site has no further cultural heritage value or interest, and the report has been filed in the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports referred to in Section 65.1 of the Ontario Heritage Act. c) Should previously undocumented archaeological resources be discovered, they may be a new archaeological site and therefore subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The proponent or person discovering the archaeological resources must cease alteration of the site immediately and engage a licensed consultant archaeologist to carry out archaeological fieldwork, in compliance with Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. d) The Cemeteries Act, R.S.O. 1990, c.C.4 and the Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c.33 (when proclaimed in force) require that any person discovering human remains must notify the police or coroner and the Registrar of Cemeteries at the Ministry of Consumer Services. e) Archaeological sites recommended for further archaeological fieldwork or protection remain subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act and may not be altered, or have artifacts removed from them, except by a person holding an archaeological licence.

Documentation related to the archaeological assessment of this project will be curated by AECOM until such a time that arrangements for their ultimate transfer to Her Majesty the Queen in right of Ontario, or other public institution, can be made to the satisfaction of the project owner, the MTCS and any other legitimate interest groups. DRAFT

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

5. Bibliography and Sources

Adam, Graeme Mercer and Charles Pelham Mulvany 1885 History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario : containing an outline of the history of the Dominion of Canada, a history of the city of Toronto and the county of York, with the townships, towns, villages, churches, schools; general and local statistics; biographical sketches, etc., etc. Volume 1. C. Blackett Robinson: Toronto, Ontario.

Archaeological Services Inc, 2004 A Master Plan of Archaeological Resources for the City of Toronto (Interim Report). Prepared by Archaeological Services Inc. in association with Cuesta Systems Inc., Commonwealth Historic Resources Management Limited, Golder Associates, and Historica Research Limited. Available at www.toronto.ca/culture.

Boyle, David 1896 The Township of Scarboro 1796-1896. William Briggs, Toronto.

Chapman, Lyman John and Donald F. Putnam 1984 The Physiography of Southern Ontario (Third Edition). Ontario Geological Survey Special Volume 2. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto.

Miles. & Company 1878 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of York and the township of West Gwillimbury & town of Bradford in the county of Simcoe, Ont. Toronto: Historical Atlas Publishing Co.

Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. Cultural Programs Branch, Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto.

2016 Sites within a One Kilometre Radius of the Lakeshore East Corridor Expansion study area provided from the Ontario Archaeological Sites Database.

Munson, M., & Jamieson, S. 2013 Before Ontario: The Archaeology of a Province. Montreal and Kingston, Quebec and Ontario: McGill- Queens University Press.

Toronto Neighbourhoods 2015 History of Canary District: Part of West Don Lands. Accessed January 28, 2016 from http://www.torontoneighbourhoods.net/neighbourhoods/downtown/west-don-lands-canary-district/history

Toronto Maps DRAFT 2016 Toronto Open Data Map. Accessed January 28, 2016 from http://map.toronto.ca/maps/map.jsp?app=OpenData

Toronto’s Historical Plaques 2016 Straightening of the Don River. Accessed May 16, 2016 from http://torontoplaques.com/Pages/Straightening_of_the_Don_River.html

Trigger, Bruce 1990 The Huron, Farmers of the North. Fort Worth, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1)

6. Figures

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AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Corridor Expansion (Segment 1)

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Figure 1: Location of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Study Area

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Corridor Expansion (Segment 1)

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Figure 2: Location of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Study Area

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Corridor Expansion (Segment 1)

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Figure 3: Location of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Study Area in relation to the 1860 Tremaine Map of the Townships of York and Scarboro Finch West LRT Stage 1 Results

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Corridor Expansion (Segment 1)

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Figure 4: Location of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Study Area in relation to the 1878 Historic Atlas Maps of the Townships of York and Scarboro

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Corridor Expansion (Segment 1)

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Figure 5: Western Terminus of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion in Relation to Goads 1884 Fire Insurance Map.

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Corridor Expansion (Segment 1)

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Figure 6: Western Terminus of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion in Relation to Goads 1890 Fire Insurance Map

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Corridor Expansion (Segment 1)

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Figure 7: Segment of the c. 1892 Toronto Railway Company Map Showing Street Railway Lines, including what is the current Lakeshore East Rail Corridor (Toronto Public Library TRL, 970-16)

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Corridor Expansion (Segment 1)

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Figure 8: Results of the Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Including the 50m Study Area Buffer

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Corridor Expansion (Segment 1)

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Figure 9: Results of the Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Including the 50m Study Area Buffer

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Corridor Expansion (Segment 1)

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Figure 10: Results of the Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Including the 50m Study Area Buffer

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Corridor Expansion (Segment 1)

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Figure 11: Results of the Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Including the 50m Study Area Buffer

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Corridor Expansion (Segment 1)

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Figure 12: Results of the Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Including the 50m Study Area Buffer

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Corridor Expansion (Segment 1)

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Figure 13: Results of the Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Including the 50m Study Area Buffer

AECOM Metrolinx Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Corridor Expansion (Segment 1)

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Figure 14: Results of the Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion - Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Including the 50m Study Area Buffer

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Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport Ministère du Tourisme, de la Culture et du Sport

Archaeology Programs Unit Unité des programmes d'archéologie Programs and Services Branch Direction des programmes et des services Culture Division Division de culture 401 Bay Street, Suite 1700 401, rue Bay, bureau 1700 Toronto ON M7A 0A7 Toronto ON M7A 0A7 Tel.: (416) 314-7152 Tél. : (416) 314-7152 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Jun 29, 2016

Charlton Carscallen (P088) AECOM 72 - 40 Vogell Richmond Hill ON L4B 3N6

RE: Review and Entry into the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports: Archaeological Assessment Report Entitled, "Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Lakeshore East Rail Corridor Expansion Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) City of Toronto, Ontario ", Dated Apr 20, 2016, Filed with MTCS Toronto Office on Jun 8, 2016, MTCS Project Information Form Number P088-0090- 2016, MTCS File Number 20RD025

Dear Mr. Carscallen:

This office has reviewed the above-mentioned report, which has been submitted to this ministry as a condition of licensing in accordance with Part VI of the Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c 0.18.1 This review has been carried out in order to determine whether the licensed professional consultant archaeologist has met the terms and conditions of their licence, that the licensee assessed the property and documented archaeological resources using a process that accords with the 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists set by the ministry, and that the archaeological fieldwork and report recommendations are consistent with the conservation, protection and preservation of the cultural heritage of Ontario.

The report documents the assessment of the study area as depicted in Figures 8 through 14 of the above titled report and recommends the following:

For lands within the study area that contain archaeological potential and will be impacted by the proposed Lakeshore East Rail CorridorDRAFT Expansion – Don River to Scarborough GO Station (Segment 1) Project, AECOM makes the following recommendations:

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3) Areas that are marked in red hatched lines in Section 6: Figures 8-14 are disturbed. These areas require no further archaeological assessment.

4) The Stage 2 AA will follow the requirements set out in the 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTCS 2011).

Based on the information contained in the report, the ministry is satisfied that the fieldwork and reporting for the archaeological assessment are consistent with the ministry's 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists and the terms and conditions for archaeological licences. This report has been entered into the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports. Please note that the ministry makes no representation or warranty as to the completeness, accuracy or quality of reports in the register.

Should you require any further information regarding this matter, please feel free to contact me.

Sincerely,

John Dunlop Archaeology Review Officer

cc. Archaeology Licensing Officer James Hartley,Metrolinx James Hartley,Metrolinx

1 In no way will the ministry be liable for any harm, damages, costs, expenses, losses, claims or actions that may result: (a) if the Report(s) or its recommendations are discovered to be inaccurate, incomplete, misleading or fraudulent; or (b) from the issuance of this letter. Further measures may need to be taken in the event that additional artifacts or archaeological sites are identified or the Report(s) is otherwise found to be inaccurate, incomplete, misleading or fraudulent. DRAFT