DOCSLIB.ORG

Pbl-2019-Decarbonisation-Options-For-The-Dutch-Aluminium-Industry 3479.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pbl-2019-Decarbonisation-Options-For-The-Dutch-Aluminium-Industry 3479.Pdf DECARBONISATION OPTI O N S F O R THE DUTCH ALU MI NIU M INDUSTRY Henk Kortes, To n va n Dril 04 June 2019 Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Net work Decarbonisation options for t he D utc h alu miniu m industry © P B L Netherlands Environ mental Assess ment Agency ; © E C N part of T N O The Hague, 201 9 P BL publication nu mber: 3 4 7 9 T N O project nr. 060.33956 A ut h ors H. Kortes and A. W. N. van Dril Ackno wledge ments We are grateful to Carlos Ka mpen (E - M A X Bill ets B. V.), Evelyn Overduin ( Bridging The Gap), Robert Quak ( Century Alu minu m Vlissingen B. V.), Jan van Wijck ( Zalco B. V.), Brenda van Gelderen ( Aluche mie) and Rindert Slagter ( Da mco/ Aldel) for their valuable input on the MI D DE N project. MI D DE N project coordination a n d res p o nsi bility T h e MI D DE N pr oj ect ( Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Net work) was i niti ate d a n d is als o coordinated and funded by P BL a nd E C N part of T N O. T he project ai ms t o s upport i nd ustry, policy makers, analysts, and the energy sector in their co m mon efforts to achieve deep decarbonisation. C orrespondence regarding the project may be addressed t o : K. M. Schure (P BL), Klara. Schure @pbl.nl , or A. W. N va n Dril (T N O) , Ton.van Dril @tno.nl . P rod uction coordi natio n P BL P ublis hers T his p u blic ati o n i s a j oi nt publication by P BL and E C N part of T N O and can be do wnloaded fro m: w w w.pbl.nl/en . Parts of this publication may be reproduced, providing the source is stated, in the for m: H. Kortes and A. W. N. van Dril (2019) Decarbonisation options for the Dutch alu miniu m industry PBL Netherlands Environ mental Assess ment Agency & E C N part of T N O , The Hague . P BL Netherlands Environ mental Assess ment Agency is the national institute for stra t e gi c policy analysis in the fields of the environ ment, nature and spatial planning. We contribute to i mproving the quality of political and ad ministrative decision - making by conducting outlook studies, analyses and evaluations in which an integrated approach is considered para mount. Policy relevance is the pri me concern in all of our st udies. We conduct solicited and unsolicited research that is both independent and scientifically sound. E C N part of T N O has a t wofold mission: to accelerate the energy transition and to strengthen the co mpetitive position of the Netherlands. E C N part of T N O conducts independent and internationally leading research and we stand for an agenda - setti ng, i nitiati ng a nd s up porti ng role for govern ment, industry and N G Os. T his re p o rt w a s r evie wed by the co mpanies . P BL and E C N part of T N O re main responsible for the content. The decarbonisation options and para meters are not verified by the co mpanies . Co nte nts Su m mary 4 INTRODUCTION 6 1 ALU MINIU M PRODUCTION IN THE NETHERLANDS 8 1. 1 Al d el 9 1. 2 Al u c h e mi e 1 2 1. 3 Century Alu miniu m Vlissingen 1 4 1. 4 E - M A X Bill et s 1 6 1. 5 Z al c o 1 7 2 ALU MINIU M PROCESSES 2 0 2. 1 H all – H éro ult process 2 0 2. 2 Production of prebaked carbon anodes 2 5 2. 3 Casting of liquid pri mary alu miniu m into billets and slabs 3 1 2. 4 Recycling and casting of alu miniu m fro m scrap into billets and slabs 3 6 3 ALU MINIU M PR ODUCTS A N D APPLICATI O N 4 1 3. 1 Alu miniu m production chain 4 1 3. 2 Characteristics of main products 4 4 3. 3 Alu miniu m econo mics 4 6 4 OPTI O NS FOR DECARBONISATION 4 9 4. 1 H all – Héro ult process 4 9 4. 2 Production of prebaked carbon anodes 5 8 4. 3 Melting and casting of pri mary and secondary alu miniu m 6 0 REFERENCES 6 4 A MI D DE N report – P BL – E C N part of T N O | 3 FI N D I N G S Su m mary In the Netherlands, three main types of activities in alu miniu m manufacturing can be distinguished. Pri mary alu miniu m production fro m alu miniu m oxide in the Netherlands i s located at Aldel, in the Dutch city of Delfzijl. The largest secondary alu miniu m producers, using mostly scrap, are E - M A X in Kerkrade and Zalco in Vlissingen. Aluche mie in Rotterda m and Century in Vlissingen are the producers of prebaked carbon anodes f or t he pri mary alu miniu m electrolysis process. E missions and the production capacity of each of those sites are su m marized in Table S1. The main direct C O 2 e missions are related to the use of carbon anodes at Aldel (process e missions), fro m ther mal fuel use in the melting furnaces at Aldel, Zalco and E - M A X, and fro m ther mal fuel use in the baking process of anodes at Aluche mie and Century. Indirect e missions associated with po wer generation for the energy - i nte nsive electrolysis process at Aldel are not included. PF C e missions consist of organic F - gas e missions, which may substantially contribute to global war ming. These e missions may occur at the anode, during the process of pri mary alu miniu m production. Aldel is currently scaling up production to its o ri g i nal c a p acity. Ta ble S 1 Ge neral c urre nt data per site Dir ect C O 2 P F C T her mal El e ctri cit y M ai n Pr o d uct e missi o ns e missions f uel us e use [ PJe] pr o d uct o ut p ut (E U ETS) [kt C O 2 e q ] [ PJ] [ kt] [ kt] Al d el, 2 0 4 6 6 0. 5 6. 6 Pri mary 1 8 0 D elf zijl ( at a n d secondary pr oj ect e d al u mi ni u m f ull c a p acity) Al uc he mie, 1 4 4 1. 3 0. 1 6 Car bo n 3 3 5 Rotterda m anodes C e nt ur y, 6 5 0. 5 0. 0 8 Car bo n 1 4 5 Vlissi n ge n anodes E - M a x, 2 0 0. 3 – 0. 5 0. 0 2 – 0. 0 4 Secondary 5 5 – 6 0 Kerkrade al u mi ni u m Z al c o, 1 6 0. 2 – 0. 3 0. 0 2 – 0. 0 3 Secondary 3 5 – 4 0 Vlissi n ge n al u mi ni u m O n - site decarbonisation options consist of carbon - ne utral fuels, such as gree n gas or hydrogen in the melting and anode - baking fur naces. Electric furnaces are also considered, but would require further develop ment. At these site s, t he no n - f u el - process carbon e missions related to anode baking, anode consu mption and melting of conta minated scrap are i mportant sources of direct e missions, which are not so easy to avoid. As a solution, carbon capture and storage ( C C S) see ms not feasible on this scale. Instead of carbon anode consu mption, ne w processes using inert anodes are no w being developed. At Aldel, this could avoid the process e missions of both C O 2 and PF Cs. If inert anodes would beco me the main technology, world wide, Aluche mie and Century could decrease or ter minate production, in t he lo n g r u n. P BL – E C N part of T N O | 4 – A MI D DE N report F or Al d el, el ectricit y - efficiency i mprove ments and the use of rene wable electricity represent i mportant potential for reducing indirect e missions. Increasing the use of scrap to replace pri mary production would gradually decrease the indirect e missions fro m el ectricit y ge neratio n for electrolysis. A MI D DE N report – P BL – E C N part of T N O | 5 FULL RESULTS Introduction This report describes the current situation for alu miniu m production in the Netherlands and the options and preconditions for its decarbonisation. The study is part of the MI D DE N project ( Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Net work). The MI D DE N project ai ms to support industry, policy makers, analysts, and the energy sector in their co m mon efforts to achieve deep decarbonisation. The MI D DE N project will update and e laborate further on options in the future, in close connection with the industry.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • À L'interface De La Sémantique Lexicale Et De La
    Mots. Les langages du politique 108 | 2015 Thèmes et thématiques dans le discours politique Évaluation de la présidentiabilité (à l’interface de la sémantique lexicale et de la linguistique de corpus) Assessing présidentiabilité (at the interface point of lexical semantics to corpus linguistics) Evaluación de la présidentiabilité (el interfaz entre la semántica lexical y la linguística de corpus) Fabienne H. Baider Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/mots/22036 DOI : 10.4000/mots.22036 ISSN : 1960-6001 Éditeur ENS Éditions Édition imprimée Date de publication : 6 octobre 2015 Pagination : 103-128 ISBN : 978-2-84788-727-3 ISSN : 0243-6450 Référence électronique Fabienne H. Baider, « Évaluation de la présidentiabilité (à l’interface de la sémantique lexicale et de la linguistique de corpus) », Mots. Les langages du politique [En ligne], 108 | 2015, mis en ligne le 06 octobre 2017, consulté le 01 mai 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/mots/22036 ; DOI : 10.4000/mots.22036 © ENS Éditions Fabienne H. Baider Évaluation de la présidentiabilité (à l’interface de la sémantique lexicale et de la linguistique de corpus) Nouvellement venus dans la langue française, le nom présidentiabilité et l’ad- jectif présidentiable ont été attestés selon le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (TLFi) en 1965 et en 1980 respectivement, les deux attestations provenant de discours journalistiques. Les définitions restent floues1 (prési- dentiable : qui est en mesure de se présenter comme candidat à la présidence selon le TLFi), cependant, le thème de présidentiabilité est devenu fondamen- tal lors de l’évaluation des candidats présidentiels (Moureaud, 2008 ; Le Bart, 2009). Ce travail propose de cerner la construction dans la presse de cette thé- matique, essentielle pour le choix des électeurs, et par là même d’attester de l’importance de la linguistique de corpus dans l’étude d’une telle labellisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Privateering and the Revolt of the Netherlands: the Watergeuzen Or Sea Beggars in Portsmouth, Gosport and the Isle of Wight 1570-71
    Proc. Hampsh. Field Club Archaeol. Soc. 47, 1991, 171-180 PRIVATEERING AND THE REVOLT OF THE NETHERLANDS: THE WATERGEUZEN OR SEA BEGGARS IN PORTSMOUTH, GOSPORT AND THE ISLE OF WIGHT 1570-71 ByM] FRENCH ABSTRACT Flanders from where it spread to most of the other provinces. As a result of the assault on The purpose of this study is to examine English relations with the churches the governing classes rallied the Dutch Watergeuzen or Sea Beggars by reference to a behind the government in Brussels, which survey of shipping in the ports of Hampshire dated 24 July gradually regained the initiative. 1570 and a letter from Sir Henry Radeclyjf, the Captain of By the early spring of 1567 the forces of the Portsmouth, to the Privy Council dated 21 May 1571, both in government had easily suppressed the last the Public Record Office, London. These documents tell of the pockets of Calvinist resistance. Large numbers Sea Beggars' presence on the Hampshire coast in the early of those implicated in the political and relig­ years of the tumults that became known as the Revolt of the Netherlands or the Eighty Years' War. The letter of 21 May ious disturbances fled abroad to Germany and 1571, which throws light on the close links formed by certain England. Foremost among those who left at Englishmen with the Sea Beggars, is significant since these this time was William of Nassau, Prince of privateers by their very nature did not tend to leave detailed Orange (1533-84), the leading nobleman in accounts of their activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Bauxite and Alumina in 1999
    BAUXITE AND ALUMINA By Patricia A. Plunkert Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Micheal George, statistical assistant, and the world production tables were prepared by Regina R. Coleman, international data coordinator. Bauxite is a naturally occurring, heterogeneous material accessible supply for the future (Plunkert, 2000). comprised primarily of one or more aluminum hydroxide U.S. production of alumina (calcined equivalent), derived minerals plus various mixtures of silica (SiO2), iron oxide almost exclusively from imported metallurgical-grade bauxite, (Fe2O3), titania (TiO2), aluminosilicates (clay, etc.), and other decreased by 12% in 1999 compared with that of 1998. An impurities in trace amounts. The principal aluminum estimated 94% of the alumina shipped by U.S. refineries went hydroxide minerals found in varying proportions within bauxite to domestic primary smelters for aluminum metal production. are gibbsite [Al(OH)3] and the polymorphs, boehmite and Consumption by the abrasives, chemicals, refractories, and diaspore [both AlO(OH)]. specialties industries accounted for the remainder of U.S. Bauxite is typically classified according to its intended alumina shipments. commercial application, such as abrasive, cement, chemical, World output of alumina increased slightly in 1999. The metallurgical, and refractory. Of all bauxite mined, principal producing countries, in descending order of alumina approximately 85% is converted to alumina (Al2O3) for the output, were Australia, the United States, China, and Jamaica. production of aluminum metal, an additional 10% goes to These countries accounted for more than 55% of the world’s nonmetal uses as various forms of specialty alumina, and the production; Australia alone accounted for almost one-third of remaining 5% is used for nonmetallurgical bauxite total world production.
    [Show full text]
  • Constellium Business and Sustainability Report 2020
    BUSINESS AND SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE REPORT 2020 REVEALING OUR RESILIENCE Revealing Sustainability Per formance our Resilience Report Report 04 CEO Interview 40 Sustainability Highlights 70 Financial Statements 07 A Global Sector Leader 42 Assessing Material 74 Sustainability Performance 08 Creating Value Throughout Sustainability Risks 82 GRI the Lifecycle of Aluminium 44 Staying One Step Ahead of Market 88 Memberships 10 CFO Interview Regulatory Changes 89 Report of the Independent Third Party 11 Business Units 45 Adjusting Our Targets and Defning 12 Pursuing a Comprehensive Strategy Future Perspectives 13 Our Values 46 Our Sustainability Targets for 2021 16 Governance 47 Analyzing Environmental Impacts 22 Focusing on Environment, Health, with Life Cycle Assessments and Safety (EHS) 48 Developing Products 24 Manufacturing Excellence with Envrionmental Benefts 50 Championing Recycling 52 Prioritizing Customer Satisfaction Business 54 Attracting, Engaging, and Retaining Report the Best People 56 Gender Diversity 28 PacKaging 58 Supporting Our Local Communities 30 Automotive 59 Respecting Human Rights 34 Aerospace 61 Limiting Landflled Waste 36 Transportation, Industry, and Defense 62 Curtailing Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions 65 Minimizing Air Emissions and Managing Water 66 Insisting Upon Sustainable Procurement 68 Actively Supporting the Aluminium Stewardship Initiative Constellium’s non-financial performance statement (“déclaration de performance extra-financière”), in- cluded in this report (as specified on page 74), was verified by an independent third party, Pricewaterhouse- Coopers Audit. PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit verifed compliance of our statement with the provisions of the French Commercial Code (article R. 225-105), along with the fairness of the information provided in our state- ment, such as Key performance indicators and measures taken to address risks (article R.
    [Show full text]
  • Toolbox Results East-Groningen the Netherlands
    Customer needs Target group Transport challenge for the East-Groningen Region, Municipality Oldambt May 2012 WP 3 Cartoon by E.P. van der Wal, Groningen Translation: The sign says: Bus canceled due to ‘krimp’ (shrinking of population) The lady comments: The ónly bus that still passes is the ‘ideeënbus’ (bus here meaning box, i.e. a box to put your ideas in) Under the cartoon it says: Inhabitants of East-Groningen were asked to give their opinion This report was written by Attie Sijpkes OV-bureau Groningen Drenthe P.O. Box 189 9400 AD Assen T +31 592 396 907 M +31 627 003 106 www..ovbureau.nl [email protected] 2 Table of content Customer Needs ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Target group selection and description .................................................................................................. 8 Transportation Challenges .................................................................................................................... 13 3 Customer Needs Based on two sessions with focus groups, held in Winschoten (Oldambt) on April 25th 2012. 1 General Participants of the sessions on public transport (PT) were very enthusiastic about the design of the study. The personal touch and the fact that their opinion is sought, was rated very positively. The study paints a clear picture of the current review of the PT in East Groningen and the ideas about its future. Furthermore the research brought to light a number of specific issues and could form a solid foundation for further development of future transport concepts that maintains the viability and accessibility of East Groningen. 2 Satisfaction with current public transport The insufficient supply of PT in the area leads to low usage and low satisfaction with the PT network.
    [Show full text]
  • Loppersum Zuidlaren Delfzijl Het Zandt Lageland Hooghalen Froombosch Sint Annen Meedhuizen Harkstede Nieuw Annerveen Appingedam
    3.5 Huizinge Bergen Westeremden Roswinkel Roswinkel Bergen Roswinkel Bergen Loppersum Garrelsweer Zandeweer 3.0 Noordzee Hellum Bergen Garrelsweer Stedum Zeerijp Garrelsweer Het Zandt Roswinkel Zandeweer Assen Roswinkel Geelbroek De Hoeve Zeerijp Garmerwolde Scharmer Kwadijk Assen Roswinkel Onderdendam Toornwerd Roswinkel Roswinkel Roswinkel Schoorl Westeremden Westeremden Noordzee ZandeweerZeerijp Wirdum 2.5 Eleveld Geelbroek Assen Roswinkel Zeerijp Eleveld Harkstede Noordzee AppingedamHuizinge Noordzee Noordzee Froombosch Slochteren Hooghalen LoppersumSteendam Smilde Westeremden Ekehaar Holwierde Waddenzee (nabij Usquert) Uithuizen Noordzee UithuizenLeermens Noordzee (nabij Castricum) Noordzee Middelstum Roswinkel Wirdum Roswinkel Uithuizen Garrelsweer Froombosch Westerwijtwerd Leermens Overschild Wirdum Annen Froombosch Zuidlaren Anloo Jisp Ravenswoud Middelstum Westeremden Westeremden Garsthuizen Zeerijp Geelbroek Ten Post Godlinze Schildwolde Appingedam Appingedam Anna Paulowna Emmen Meedhuizen Emmen Slochteren Wachtum Nieuw Annerveen Stedum Middelstum Sappemeer Overschild Garsthuizen Garsthuizen Zeerijp NoordzeeMiddelstum Wirdum 2.0 Roden Roswinkel Het Zandt Roswinkel Zandeweer Roswinkel Zeerijp Froombosch Noordzee Lageland Rottum Slochteren Zuidwolde Schildwolde Zeerijp Eppenhuizen Garsthuizen Annen Huizinge Middelstum Roswinkel Zandeweer Zeerijp Ekehaar Oosterwijtwerd Westeremden Loppersum Emmen Froombosch Sappemeer Zeerijp Sappemeer WaddenzeeGarrelsweerWirdum (nabij Eemshaven) Noordzee (nabij Castricum) Appingedam Assen Appingedam
    [Show full text]
  • Letter to the House of Representatives About Extraction
    > Retouradres Postbus 20401 2500 EK Den Haag Directoraat-generaal Energie, Telecom & President of the House of Representatives Mededinging of the States General Directie Energiemarkt Binnenhof 4 Bezoekadres 2513 AA THE HAGUE Bezuidenhoutseweg 73 2594 AC Den Haag Postadres Postbus 20401 2500 EK Den Haag Factuuradres Postbus 16180 2500 BD Den Haag Overheidsidentificatienr 00000001003214369000 Datum T 070 379 8911 (algemeen) Betreft Extraction decree of gas extraction in The Groningen field and reinforcement measurements. www.rijksoverheid.nl/ez Ons kenmerk DGETM-EM / 14207601 Dear President, Uw kenmerk The consequences of years of gas extraction in Groningen are becoming increasingly clear. The number of earthquakes recorded in 2012, 2013 and 2014 Bijlage(n) (until 9 December) were 93, 119 and 77 respectively. In the same period there were a total of 20, 29 and 18 tremors respectively that measured more than 1.5 on the Richter scale. It is anticipated that the strength and frequency of the earthquakes will increase over the coming years. The consequences for houses, monuments and other buildings are plain to see. The Groningen field lies in the municipalities of Appingedam, Bedum, Bellingwedde, Delfzijl, Eemsmond, Groningen, Haren, Hoogezand-Sappemeer, Loppersum, Menterwolde, Oldambt, Pekela, Slochteren, Ten Boer and Veendam. The sense of having a safe living environment has been eroded in the area where there are (frequent) earthquakes. This deeply affects the daily life of the residents. At the same time, gas extraction is essential to our energy supply in the Netherlands. The great majority of Dutch households use Groningen gas for their heating and cooking. Gas extraction is also an important source of revenue for the Dutch state.
    [Show full text]
  • Spiritual Writings of Sister Margaret of the Mother of God (1635–1643)
    MARGARET VAN NOORT Spiritual Writings of Sister Margaret of the Mother of God (1635–1643) • Edited by CORDULA VAN WYHE Translated by SUSAN M. SMITH Iter Academic Press Toronto, Ontario Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies Tempe, Arizona 2015 Iter Academic Press Tel: 416/978–7074 Email: [email protected] Fax: 416/978–1668 Web: www.itergateway.org Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies Tel: 480/965–5900 Email: [email protected] Fax: 480/965–1681 Web: acmrs.org © 2015 Iter, Inc. and the Arizona Board of Regents for Arizona State University. All rights reserved. Printed in Canada. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Noort, Margaret van, 1587–1646. [Works. Selections. English] Spiritual writings of Sister Margaret of the Mother of God (1635–1643) / Margaret van Noort ; edited by Cordula van Wyhe ; translated by Susan M. Smith. pages cm. — (The other voice in early modern Europe. The Toronto series ; 39) (Medieval and Renaissance texts and studies ; volume 480) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-86698-535-2 (alk. paper) 1. Noort, Margaret van, 1587–1646. 2. Spirituality—Catholic Church—Early works to 1800. 3. Spiritual life—Catholic Church—Early works to 1800. 4. Discalced Carmelite Nuns—Spiritual life. 5. Discalced Carmelite Nuns—Belgium—Diaries. 6. Discalced Carmelite Nuns—Belgium—Correspondence. I. Wyhe, Cordula van, editor. II. Smith, Susan M. (Susan Manell), translator. III. Title. BX4705.N844A25 2015 271’.97102--dc23 [B] 2015020362 Cover illustration: Saint Teresa of Ávila, Rubens, Peter Paul (1577–1640) / Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna GG 7119. Cover design: Maureen Morin, Information Technology Services, University of Toronto Libraries.
    [Show full text]
  • Rondje Bierum - Wandelen in - Route.Nl Rondje Bierum Nederland Groningen Delfzijl 21,20 Km (Ongeveer 0:00 U) Wandelroute 2509931
    6-6-2021 Print Rondje Bierum - Wandelen in - route.nl Rondje Bierum Nederland Groningen Delfzijl 21,20 km (ongeveer 0:00 u) Wandelroute 2509931 7713 74 90 3 4 2 80 81 54 55 12 70 31 51 52 60 t 11 40 50 40 11 12 54 55 2 3 74 71 73 4 80 81 90 70 31 60 https://www.route.nl/printroute/2509931?options=beschrijving,knooppunter 1/6 6-6-2021 Print Rondje Bierum - Wandelen in - route.nl 52 51 50 https://www.route.nl/printroute/2509931?options=beschrijving,knooppunter 2/6 6-6-2021 Print Rondje Bierum - Wandelen in - route.nl Rondje Bierum Nederland Groningen Delfzijl 21,20 km (ongeveer 0:00 u) Wandelroute 2509931 Routebeschrijving Aangeboden door E en wat langere rondwandeling langs de kerkdorpen Krewerd, Godlinze, Losdorp, Spijk, Dorpsbelangen Krewerd, Bierum en Holwierde. In Spijk kun je de bekende Groningen molen Ceres bezoeken. In Bierum (12,1 km) kun je lunchen of een broodje kopen. In Hoogwatum is een strandje waar je bij vloed pootje kunt baden. Scan mij Langs de dijk en via Holwierde keer je terug naar met de route.nl app en de de Mariakerk in Krewerd. Let op: in verband met de route wordt geopend op je smartphone. Heb je de app dijkversterking kan de route langs de dijk nog nog niet? Ga dan naar: gedeeltelijk zijn afgesloten! Ondergrond: schelpen: www.route.nl/app/download 1%; klinkers: 3%; beton: 5%; asfalt: 91%. Geschikt voor honden. Startpunt & Parkeren Mariakerk Krewerd Kerkpad 8 Krewerd Routebeschrijving # Beschrijving Afstand Tijd Hervormde kerk (Kerkpad, 0.00 km 0:00 9904PE, Delfzijl, Groningen, Nederland) Volg de weg 88 m 0.09 km
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Justice Will Require a Divestiture If Alcan Inc. Completes Its Pending Tender Offer for Pechiney S.A
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE AT MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 2003 (202) 514-2007 WWW.USDOJ.GOV TDD (202) 514-1888 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE WILL REQUIRE A DIVESTITURE IF ALCAN INC. COMPLETES ITS PENDING TENDER OFFER FOR PECHINEY S.A. Sale of Pechiney’s Ravenswood, West Virginia, Aluminum Rolling Mill and Related Assets Will Preserve Competition in the North American Market for Brazing Sheet WASHINGTON, D.C. – The Department of Justice reached a settlement today with Alcan Inc. that requires Alcan to divest Pechiney S.A.’s aluminum rolling mill in Ravenswood, West Virginia, if Alcan’s pending $4.6 billion tender offer for Pechiney is successful. The tender offer, publicly announced in early July and recently endorsed by Pechiney’s board of directors, is expected to be completed in late November 2003. The Department said that the acquisition, as originally proposed, would substantially lessen competition in the development, production, and sale of brazing sheet, an aluminum alloy used in fabricating radiators, oil coolers, heaters, and air conditioning units for motor vehicles, and would likely result in higher prices. The Department’s Antitrust Division filed a lawsuit today in U.S. District Court in Washington, D.C. to block the original transaction. At the same time, the Department filed a proposed consent decree that, if approved by the court, would resolve the Department's competitive concerns and the lawsuit. “The divestiture of Pechiney’s Ravenswood mill will preserve competition for brazing sheet sold in North America, and will allow motor vehicle parts manufacturers to benefit from Alcan’s aggressive competition,” said R. Hewitt Pate, Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Department’s Antitrust Division.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF File Generated From
    OCCASION This publication has been made available to the public on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation. DISCLAIMER This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. FAIR USE POLICY Any part of this publication may be quoted and referenced for educational and research purposes without additional permission from UNIDO. However, those who make use of quoting and referencing this publication are requested to follow the Fair Use Policy of giving due credit to UNIDO. CONTACT Please contact [email protected] for further information concerning UNIDO publications. For more information about UNIDO, please visit us at www.unido.org UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 300, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26026-0 · www.unido.org · [email protected] 201./-qq • INTER-AFRICAN MANUFACTURING AND TRADING IN THE ALUMINIUM INDUSTRY TECHNICAL REPORT SPONSORED BY THE UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION (UNIDO) AND THE UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA (UNECA) Prepared By ENG.
    [Show full text]
  • Download 201303.Pdf
    UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, U.S. Department of Justice Antitrust Division 1401 H Street, NW Suite 3000 Case No. 1:03CV02012 Washington, DC 20530, Plaintiff, v. JUDGE: Gladys Kessler ALCAN INC., 1188 Sherbrooke Street West DECK TYPE: ANTITRUST Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 3G2; DATE: September 29, 2003 ALCAN ALUMINUM CORP., 6060 Parkland Boulevard Cleveland, OH 44124-4185; PECHINEY, S.A., 7, Place Du Chancelier Adenauer CEDEX 16 – 75218 – Paris France; and PECHINEY ROLLED PRODUCTS, LLC, Rural Route 2 Ravenswood, WV 26164-9802, Defendants. COMPLAINT The United States of America, acting under the direction of the Attorney General of the United States, brings this civil antitrust action to obtain equitable relief against defendants, and alleges as follows: 1. In early July 2003, Alcan Inc. (“Alcan”) launched a $4.6 billion tender offer for Pechiney, S.A. (“Pechiney”), which was later endorsed by Pechiney’s board of directors. The United States seeks to enjoin this proposed acquisition, which, if consummated, would result in consumers paying higher prices for brazing sheet, an aluminum alloy used in making heat exchangers for motor vehicles. 2. Alcan, through its United States subsidiary (Alcan Aluminum Corp.), and Pechiney, through its United States subsidiary (Pechiney Rolled Products, LLC), are, respectively, the second and fourth largest producers of brazing sheet in North America. Brazing sheet consists of a class of layered aluminum alloys, each of which has a unique ability to form a uniform, durable, leak-proof bond with other aluminum surfaces. Brazing sheet is widely used in fabricating the major components of heat exchangers for motor vehicles, including engine cooling (e.g., radiators and oil coolers) and climate control (e.g., heaters and air conditioners) systems.
    [Show full text]