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Unit 3 Page 1 f. English Reformation Sunday, November 11, 2018 2:56 PM f. Describe the English Reformation, include: the role of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The English Reformation: Changes in the English Church The call for religious reform spread to other parts of Europe. In 1534, King Henry VIII had Parliament formally separate the Catholic Church in England from the pope in Rome (many believe it was because he wanted more personal control and, mainly, the right to divorce his wives.) King Henry VIII King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife Catherine (Catherine of Aragon) because she had given birth to a girl (Mary Tudor) and Henry needed a male heir for the throne. He asked the pope to ANNUL his Annul: declare a marriage so he could marry Anne Boleyn instead. The pope was taking marriage to have too long, so Henry VIII turned to the English church courts instead. In had no legal 1533, the archbishop of the highest church court in England, Thomas existence Cranmer, ruled that the king's marriage to Catherine was null and void. Henry married Anne, but she had a baby girl too. Henry tried again and ended up having six wives. But his daughter with Anne went on to become Wives of Henry VIII: 1. Catherine of Aragon, annulled Queen Elizabeth I. 2. Anne Boleyn, beheaded 3. Jane Seymour, died The ACT OF SUPREMACY in 1534 made the king supreme head of the CHURCH 4. Anne of Cleves, annulled of ENGLAND, which was called the ANGLICAN CHURCH. King Henry VIII 5. Catherine Howard, beheaded chose whom to appoint to important church positions. People who opposed these 6. Catherine Parr changes were often beheaded. Among them was the well-known English humanist, Sir Thomas More. Mary Tudor: Queen Mary, "Bloody Mary" The Church of England Henry VIII ordered the closing of all convents and monasteries in England and Sir Thomas More was seized their lands and wealth for the crown. This became known as the canonized--made a saint by dissolution. This brought new wealth to the royal exchequer, which Henry used the Catholic Church to pursue wars in Europe. Aside from breaking away from Rome and allowing Dissolution: the dissolving or use of the English Bible, he kept most Catholic forms of worship. ending of the Catholic monasteries in England. After King Henry VIII's death, the Church of England became more and more Exchequer: a royal or Protestant, especially during Edward VI's reign. (Edward was Henry's nine-year- national treasury old son, so he did not have much of a say in the matter.) Edward's advisers were devout Protestants who pushed for Calvinist reforms. Thomas Cranmer drew up King Edward VI 1547-1553: the Book of Common Prayer to be used in the Anglican church. son of King Henry VIII and His half-sister, Queen Mary, was called "Bloody Mary" when she tried to restore Lady Jane Seymour the church to its Roman Catholic roots by having 300 Protestants burned at the stake; including Archbishop Thomas Cranmer. (Queen Mary's reign lasted from 1553 to 1558, and she was pretty much despised by the end of it.) After her death, Elizabeth I 1558-1603: daughter Elizabeth I (Mary's half-sister)restored Protestantism to England. of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn Queen Elizabeth I Queen Elizabeth became "supreme governor" of both church and state under a Religious Compromise: Acceptable middle ground new Act of Supremacy. Elizabeth adopted a policy of religious compromise, between Catholicism and which was later known as the Elizabethan Settlement. Her foreign policy had Protestantism. the goal of keeping a balance of power between France and Spain. If one country got too powerful, she would support the weaker one to even things out. Unit 3 Page 1 .
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