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The Mystery Buried in Bridalveil Meadow

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The Mystery Buried in Bridalveil Meadow Spring 1992 A Journal for Volume 54 Members of the Number 2 Yosemite Association A N N U A L R E V I E W 1 9 9 1 The Mystery Buried in Bridalveil Meadow I-lank Johnston Who were Rose and Shurborn, two short articles from a contem- and what were the circumstances porary newspaper: three para- For nearly forty years after of their untimely demise graphs in Lafayette Bunnell 's its dedication in 1921, a blue-and- The accounts that remain are classic book, Discovery of the white metal plaque stood affixed Yosemite; two brief interviews to an upright rock near the south- that contain some peripheral in- eastern corner of Bridalveil formation ; and a bizarre eyewit- Meadow in Yosemite Valley. ness remembrance that came to The plaque, which disappeared light more than 70 years after without notice sometime in the the fact .' late 1950 's, reads: In this article I 'll tell you what Rose and Shurborn we know about the Bridalveil Prospectors Meadow affair. Then I 'll give you Killed by Indians my guess as to what most likely 20th May 1852 took place between the Indians Erected by the and the prospectors back in that Society of California Pioneers ill-fated spring of 1852 (feel free 1921 . to form your own opinion) . PALE TWO YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION . SPRING 092 The Historical Context Commissioners ' encampment on Before the coming of the white the Fresno River. They arrived man, Indians of various tribes empty-handed, however, for had roamed the Sierra Nevada nearly all the Indians captured foothills for untold centuries . Na- by the Battalion, including Chief ture supplied everything neces- Tenieya and his followers, escaped sary for their culture : game, fish, in the night and scattered back berries, nuts, and acorns, along into the mountains . Thus ended with a pleasant climate . The dis- the first Yosemite campaign. covery of gold on the American On May 5 a new expedition River in January, 1848, however. of 35 men under Captain John soon drastically changed Califor- Boling left for Yosemite Valley nia's rural landscape and ended with instructions to "surprise the the Indians' nomadic way of life Indians and whip them well, or forever. During the next several induce them to surrender" Reach- years, thousands of eager pros- ing the Valley on May 9, Boling pectors swarmed over the Sierra soon captured Tenieya and five foothills in search of golden of his braves . On May 22 the re- riches. Most of the largely Anglo- maining Yosemites were sur- American newcomers regarded prised in a village on the shore Indians as pests to be shoved of present Lake Tenaya . Hungry aside or exterminated. The Indi- and exhausted, the weary band ans, granted no legal rights and of about 35 Indians surrendered suffering from loss of food and without incident. territory, held a similar view of men, most of whom were local This early group of hunters encoun- Tenieya and his people were white men. miners . James Savage, a trading tered only a photographer in Yo- subsequently relegated to the Hostility between the two post operator well-known to the semite Valley. not Ahwahneechee Fresno River reservation in com- Indians. groups reached a climax late in Indians, was elected major in pany with other bands . Unhappy 1850 in the southern mining charge . Before any formal action with the lowland climate and the region of Mariposa County when could be taken, however, three camp and agreed to lead Savage forced cohabitation with tradi- the Indians made a final, desper- United States Commissioners to his rancheria in the Valley. On tional enemies, Tenieya repeat- ate effort to drive out every last arrived and halted proceedings March 27, 1851, Major Savage and edly appealed to the miner from their traditional do- while they tried to persuade the 57 men set out, traveling along an agent-in-charge for permission to main. Working in concert, war Indians to sign treaties and settle Indian trail that later became the go back to his beloved Yosemite. parties from several area tribes on reservations . Most of the stage road between Wawona and Sometime late in 1851, his request attacked the trading posts, seiz- tribes accepted the offer, but Yosemite . On the way they met a was granted upon his promise to ing what they could ; stole horses several of the wilder bands fled straggling group of 72 Indians, remain peaceful . Soon after, some and cattle from the corrals ; and to refuges deep in the Sierra mostly old women, mothers, and of the Chief 's followers quietly Nevada. even murdered a dozen or more children, coming in to surrender. slipped away from the reserva- of the hated intruders before flee- On March 19, 1851, the Mari- Tenieya was sent back to the tion and joined him in their old ing back to the mountains. The posa Battalion set out to bring Battalion camp with this group, mountain home. Sheriff quickly formed a posse to them in. One company was de- while Savage and his soldiers, pursue the marauders, and two tailed to the areas of the Kings suspicious because no young The First Public Notice and Kaweah Rivers . The other men were present . continued small battles were fought with On June 10, 1852, the Alta Cali- two companies, with Savage in northward led by a young Indian indecisive results . Thus began the fornia newspaper in San Francisco charge. forged through deep guide. so-called Mariposa Indian War — printed the following story. really only a series of skirmishes snow over Chowchilla Mountain Late that afternoon, after suc- — during which Yosemite Valley heading for a mysterious valley cessfully negotiating the chal- LIORE INDIAN TROUBLE — was effectively discovered and said to be the home of the Yo- lenging southside cliffs, the party THREE ;lLEN KILLED. first entered. semites, one of the most hostile became the first white men to G. W Steil, who runts an Ex- Fearing a general Indian upris- tribes. enter Yosemite Valley. The fol- press throughout the /nines south of ing, local authorities appealed After establishing a headquar- lowing day the soldiers explored the 1 iariposa, has favored us with to the Governor of the newly ters camp several miles north the Valley end to end, seeing Ver- the foilow'iu in forr/ation : On the formed state for assistance . In of present Wawona . Savage sent nal and Nevada Falls, but finding 2Grit ~1-Jay eight mien started from January, 1851, he authorized the a messenger ahead demanding no Indians except an ancient wo- Coarse Gold Gulch on a prospecting formation of a volunteer militia the surrender of the Yosemites man. The next morning, March tour to the headnraters of the Merced. known as the Mariposa Battalion and their relocation to a reserva- 29, Savage and his men left the After traveling sonic seventy-Pee to subdue the Indians. The Bat- tion on the Fresno River. The Valley and returned to the head- miles, they were suddenly surrounded talion consisted of three compa- Yosemite's chief, called Tenieya, quarters camp near Wawona . The by a large hotly of Kuban, who at- nies totaling 204 officers and soon appeared at the Battalion entire force then set out for the tacked them and killed three of their LSEMi Pi ASSOCLATIOi\, SPRING 1992 PAGE IHl:EE THE YEOSEMOTYS INHABIT A BEAUTIFUL AND FERTILE VALLEY IN THE UPPER SIERRA NEVADA KNOWN AS YEOSEMOTY VALLEY . THIS VALLEY IS ABOUT SIXTY MILES IN LENGTH, WITH AN AVERAGE OF THREE IN BREADTH, THE SURROUND PEAKS ARE COVERED WITH PERPETUAL SNOW, AND IT IS KNOWN THAT THERE IS GOLD IN THE VICINITY. number; named Shtrrborn, Rose, and made by some former members tioned at Fort Miller on the San way to escape detection . Some Joseph Tudor The remaining five of the Mariposa Battalion who Joaquin River was dispatched to time later, while the Yosemites made their escape, aud after eudur- were also mining at Coarse Gold Yosemite early in June under the were feasting on the stolen deli- ing great hardships, returned to Gulch at the time. command of Lieutenant Tredwell cacies, the Monos suddenly Coarse Gold Gulch . They had been Equipped with a rough map Moore, USA, to capture or pun- pounced on them, stoning Te- five dab's in the mountains without prepared by the ex-soldiers, the ish the Indians responsible for the nieya and many of his followers provisions. The names of four of them party proceeded northward from killing of the miners. A volunteer to death. Eight young men uvere Grover; Peabody Aitdr, and Coarse Gold, prospecting along scout named Augustus "Gus" escaped by fleeing down the Babcock. At the time of the attack Gray, a friend of the murdered Merced Canyon. The young their arms and anununition Ii'ere men who had been a member of women and children who net, and they were suable to defend both Yosemite campaigns of the survived the attack were made themselves. Only one Indian tt'as Mariposa Battalion, served as captives and taken back to killed On the 2nd last, a party of guide for the punitive expedition. Mono Lake. thirty-five miners started from Coarse Bunnell says he obtained the par- Gold Gulch for the prnyose ofchas- ticulars of the mission directly Grover 's Reminiscence :ising those Indians. from Gray in 1926 the contents of a most A week later, on June 18, a sec- The soldiers entered the Valley remarkable manuscript written ond article, credited to the San at night and surprised and by Stephen Grover a member Joaquin Republican, appeared in captured a party of five Indians. of the unfortunate prospecting the Alta California .
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