DOCSLIB.ORG

PART IV ASSESSMENT of TRANSBOUNDARY RIVERS, LAKES and GROUNDWATERS 76 | Part IV 77

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PART IV ASSESSMENT of TRANSBOUNDARY RIVERS, LAKES and GROUNDWATERS 76 | Part IV 77 75 PART IV ASSESSMENT OF TRANSBOUNDARY RIVERS, LAKES AND GROUNDWATERS 76 | PART IV 77 77 CHAPTER 1: DRAINAGE BASINS OF THE WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA 99 CHAPTER 2: DRAINAGE BASINS OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK AND SEA OF JAPAN 107 CHAPTER 3: DRAINAGE BASIN OF THE ARAL SEA AND OTHER TRANSBOUNDARY WATERS IN CENTRAL ASIA 131 CHAPTER 4: DRAINAGE BASIN OF THE CASPIAN SEA 165 CHAPTER 5: DRAINAGE BASIN OF THE BLACK SEA 253 CHAPTER 6: DRAINAGE BASIN OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA 299 CHAPTER 7: DRAINAGE BASINS OF THE NORTH SEA AND EASTERN ATLANTIC 347 CHAPTER 8: DRAINAGE BASIN OF THE BALTIC SEA 77 CHAPTER 1 DRAINAGE BASINS OF THE WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA This chapter deals with the assessment of transboundary rivers, lakes and groundwaters, as well as selected Ramsar Sites and other wetlands of transboundary importance, which are located in the basins of the White Sea, the Barents Sea and the Kara Sea. Assessed transboundary waters in the drainage basins of the White Sea, the Barents Sea and the Kara Sea Transboundary groundwaters Ramsar Sites/wetlands of Basin/sub-basin(s) Recipient Riparian countries Lakes in the basin within the basin transboundary importance Oulanka White Sea FI, RU Tuloma Kola Fjord > FI, RU Barents Sea Jakobselv Barents Sea NO, RU Grense Jakobselv (NO, RU) Paatsjoki/Pasvik Barents Sea FI, NO, RU Lake Inari Pasvikeskeren (NO, RU) Pasvik Nature Reserve (FI, NO, RU) Näätämö/Neiden Barents Sea FI, NO, RU Neiden (NO, FI) Teno/Tana Barents Sea FI, NO Anarjokka, Karasjok, Levajok-Valjok, Tana Nord (NO, FI) Yenisey Kara Sea MN, RU - Selenga Lake Baikal > MN, RU Angara > Yenisey > Kara Sea Ob Kara Sea CN, KZ, MN, RU - Irtysh/Ertis Ob CN, KZ, MN, RU Preirtysh (KZ, RU), Zaisk (CN, KZ) - - Tobol Irtysh KZ, RU North-Kazakhstan aquifer (KZ, RU) - - Ishim/Esil Irtysh KZ, RU Tobol-Ishim Forest-steppe ( KZ, RU) Long-term mean annual flow (km³) of rivers discharging to the White Sea, the Barents Sea and the Kara Sea River, Station, River, Station, Time series Time series Yenisey, Igarka, 583.305 Tobol, Lipovka, 1936-2003 1893-1984 26.811 Ob, Salekhard, Tuloma, Verkhenetuloms- 6.108 1930-2003 400.429 kiy Ges, 1934-2004 Irtysh, Hanti-Mansisk, Paatsjoki, Lake Inari outlet, 1974-1999 88.367 1949-2010 4.896 Selenga, Kabansk, 29.451 Ishim, Orekhovo, 2.565 1970-1997 1963-1999 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Source: GRDC, Koblenz. km3 km3 78 | PART IV OULANKA RIVER BASIN1 TULOMA RIVER BASIN2 The basin of the 135-km long river Oulanka (67 km in the The basin of the river Tuloma is shared by Finland and the Russian Russian Federation) is shared by Finland and the Russian Fed- Federation. The Tuloma has two transboundary tributaries, the eration. The assessment covers the Oulanka River upstream of Lutto3 and Notta/Girvas, which flow to Lake Notozero (or Upper Lake Paanajärvi. Tuloma Reservoir) in the Russian Federation. The sub-basins of the Petcha and of Lower Tuloma are entirely in Russian territory. The Oulanka River originates in the municipality of Salla in The Tuloma flows from Lake Notozero to the Barents Sea through Finland. The Kuusinki River, a transboundary tributary origi- the Kola Fjord. nating in Finland, joins it not far from Lake Paanajärvi on the Basin of the Tuloma River Russian side. Country Area in the country (km2) Country’s share (%) Basin of the Oulanka River Finland 3 285 16 Country Area in the country (km2) Country’s share (%) Russian Federation 17 855 84 Finland 4 915 88 Total 21 140 Russian Federation 651 12 Sources: Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Scheme of complex use and protection of water resources, river Totala 5 566 basin Tuloma; OAO Scientific Research Institute of Hydraulics B.E. Vedeneeva, 2001. a The basin area is 5,566 km2 to Lake Paanajärvi. The Oulanka is part of the Koutajoki water system, with a total basin area of 18,800 km2 draining to the White Sea. Hydrology and hydrogeology Source: Finnish Environment Institute. In the Finnish part of the Tuloma basin, surface water resources are estimated to amount to 668.6 × 106 m3/year and groundwater Hydrology and hydrogeology resources to 5.99 × 106 m3/year, overall representing 2.698 × 106 3 In the Finnish part of the basin, surface water resources are m /capita/year. 6 3 estimated at 744 × 10 m /year (average for the years 1991 to There are two reservoirs in the Russian part of the Tuloma basin, 6 3 2005) and groundwater resources at 20.3 × 10 m /year, adding the Upper and Lower Tuloma reservoirs,4 which are used for hy- 6 3 3 up to a total of 764 × 10 m /year (or 132,000 m /capita/year). dropower generation and also to reduce impact from severe floods that occur frequently. The flow of the Oulanka is not regulated. Spring flooding is common. There are only small, insignificant aquifers (of type 3) in unin- habited wilderness areas in Finland’s eastern and northwest border Pressures, status and responses areas shared with the Russian Federation. Links to surface waters There is no significant human pressure in the Oulanka basin. are weak in general. The basin area is mainly covered by forests. Pressures, status and responses According to data from 2000 to 2007, the ecological state at the The basin area is mainly covered by forest, ranging from mixed Oulankajoki station (Finland) was evaluated as high. Chemical forest to tundra vegetation. Protected areas make up 8.2% of the water quality is also good. Water quantity and quality in the surface area of the Finnish part of the basin. In the territory of Oulanka are not monitored in the Russian Federation. the Russian Federation, protected areas include Lapland State Bio- sphere Reserve (278 ha) and four natural reserves of federal and Trends regional importance (total area 195 ha). The area hosts many rare The status of the river at the border section is expected to re- plant species. main high. In the Finnish part, the human influence and transboundary im- According to the Finnish Meteorological Institute, an average pact is negligible. annual temperature increase of 2.1-2.4 °C and an average pre- In the Russian part, flooding affects road traffic between the border cipitation increase by 7% are predicted for 2020-2049 compared and the Kola Peninsula almost every year. In the Russian Federa- to 1971-2000. The number of snow-covered days is predicted tion, energy generation as a pressure factor is assessed as widespread to decrease by 30% in 2071-2100, as compared to 1961-1990. but moderate. Five forestry districts, three agricultural enterprises The possibility of heavy rain floods even in summer time will and the Nerpa shipyard operate in the Russian part of the basin. increase, especially in small river systems. Groundwater level Animal husbandry, fur farms and greenhouses in Tuloma village, may increase in winter and decline in summer. as well as reindeer herding are activities with only local impact. In- Total water withdrawal and withdrawals by sector in the Tuloma Basin Total withdrawal Country Year ×106 m3/year Agricultural % Domestic % Industry % Energy % Other % Finland N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Russian Federation 2009 21.7a 0.4 79.5 20.1 b - a Withdrawal for consumptive uses only.The biggest water user is the water supply company Murmanskvodokanal, which takes 78.4% of the withdrawal. b Water withdrawal/diversion for electricity generation (non-comsumptive) is 15,137 × 106 m3/year at Upper Tuloma hydropower station, and 11,668 ×106 m3/year at Lower Tuloma hydropower station. 1 Based on information provided by Finland and the Russian Federation, and the First Assessment. 2 Based on information provided by Finland and the Russian Federation, and the First Assessment. 3 The river is also referred to as Lotta. The Tuloma belongs to the Teno-Näätämö-Paatsjoki River Basin District. 4 The Upper Tuloma Reservoir was built 1963–1965, with an installed capacity of 50 MW and a total volume of 11.52 × 109 m3 (effective volume 3.86 × 109 m3). The Lower Tuloma Reservoir was built in 1936 with an installed capacity of 228 MW and a total volume of 390 × 106 m3 (effective volume 37.2 × 106 m3). CHAPTER 1 DRAINAGE BASINS OF THE WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA | 79 DISCHARGES, POPUlatioN AND laND coVER IN THE en OUlaNKA RIVER BASIN rd o fj a BARENTS Hammerfest n 1000 a Qav T SEA Qmax 404 100 Qmin (logarithmic scale) A Y ) -1 o W Vadsø s 70 3 R V 26 3 ar 24 O o angerfjorden n i 2 10 ge (m Te k N o j ö m v s l ä 3 t t ä e U ä N s Dischar 4 b i a i i 1 ) ) hk k k o o o jo k j j s a s i t r J ra aa ulanka ulanka om the a mouth a P (O (O ’s K n I Murmansk ki er jo riv en Lake ma 1 Oulankajok m Inari lo em 5 tta Tu o RU 4.3km fr L ojoki L Ival Verkhnetulomskoye D Reservoir 7 6 Jaurujoki Country information/other LandScanTM ta 6 5.8 N o N 5 25o A RUSSIAN Ramsar Site 4 Pasvik L F EDERA TIO N K 3 a n N da Lake la k opulation (in thousands) 2 s P Kovdozero hs I k O iy Zal u iv l 1 1 a 0.3 F nk a 0 Lake d Pyaozero nlan Fi Kilometres ederation The boundaries and names shown and the designations 050 100 150 used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2007 UNEP-WCMC Global List of Transboundary Protected Areas Lysenko I., Besançon C., Savy C
    2007 UNEP-WCMC Global List of Transboundary Protected Areas Lysenko I., Besançon C., Savy C. No TBPA Name Country Protected Areas Sitecode Category PA Size, km 2 TBPA Area, km 2 Ellesmere/Greenland 1 Canada Quttinirpaaq 300093 II 38148.00 Transboundary Complex Greenland Hochstetter Forland 67910 RAMSAR 1848.20 Kilen 67911 RAMSAR 512.80 North-East Greenland 2065 MAB-BR 972000.00 North-East Greenland 650 II 972000.00 1,008,470.17 2 Canada Ivvavik 100672 II 10170.00 Old Crow Flats 101594 IV 7697.47 Vuntut 100673 II 4400.00 United States Arctic 2904 IV 72843.42 Arctic 35361 Ia 32374.98 Yukon Flats 10543 IV 34925.13 146,824.27 Alaska-Yukon-British Columbia 3 Canada Atlin 4178 II 2326.95 Borderlands Atlin 65094 II 384.45 Chilkoot Trail Nhp 167269 Unset 122.65 Kluane 612 II 22015.00 Kluane Wildlife 18707 VI 6450.00 Kluane/Wrangell-St Elias/Glacier Bay/Tatshenshini-Alsek 12200 WHC 31595.00 Tatshenshini-Alsek 67406 Ib 9470.26 United States Admiralty Island 21243 Ib 3803.76 Chilkat 68395 II 24.46 Chilkat Bald Eagle 68396 II 198.38 Glacier Bay 1010 II 13045.50 Glacier Bay 22485 V 233.85 Glacier Bay 35382 Ib 10784.27 Glacier Bay-Admiralty Island Biosphere Reserve 11591 MAB-BR 15150.15 Kluane/Wrangell-St Elias/Glacier Bay/Tatshenshini-Alsek 2018 WHC 66796.48 Kootznoowoo 101220 Ib 3868.24 Malaspina Glacier 21555 III 3878.40 Mendenhall River 306286 Unset 14.57 Misty Fiords 21247 Ib 8675.10 Misty Fjords 13041 IV 4622.75 Point Bridge 68394 II 11.64 Russell Fiord 21249 Ib 1411.15 Stikine-LeConte 21252 Ib 1816.75 Tetlin 2956 IV 2833.07 Tongass 13038 VI 67404.09 Global List of Transboundary Protected Areas ©2007 UNEP-WCMC 1 of 78 No TBPA Name Country Protected Areas Sitecode Category PA Size, km 2 TBPA Area, km 2 Tracy Arm-Fords Terror 21254 Ib 2643.43 Wrangell-St Elias 1005 II 33820.14 Wrangell-St Elias 35387 Ib 36740.24 Wrangell-St.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Noteworthy Findings of Fungus Gnats from Finland and Northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae)
    Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1068 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1068 Taxonomic paper Recent noteworthy findings of fungus gnats from Finland and northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae) Jevgeni Jakovlev†, Jukka Salmela ‡,§, Alexei Polevoi|, Jouni Penttinen ¶, Noora-Annukka Vartija# † Finnish Environment Insitutute, Helsinki, Finland ‡ Metsähallitus (Natural Heritage Services), Rovaniemi, Finland § Zoological Museum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland | Forest Research Institute KarRC RAS, Petrozavodsk, Russia ¶ Metsähallitus (Natural Heritage Services), Jyväskylä, Finland # Toivakka, Myllyntie, Finland Corresponding author: Jukka Salmela ([email protected]) Academic editor: Vladimir Blagoderov Received: 10 Feb 2014 | Accepted: 01 Apr 2014 | Published: 02 Apr 2014 Citation: Jakovlev J, Salmela J, Polevoi A, Penttinen J, Vartija N (2014) Recent noteworthy findings of fungus gnats from Finland and northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1068. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1068 Abstract New faunistic data on fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea excluding Sciaridae) from Finland and NW Russia (Karelia and Murmansk Region) are presented. A total of 64 and 34 species are reported for the first time form Finland and Russian Karelia, respectively. Nine of the species are also new for the European fauna: Mycomya shewelli Väisänen, 1984,M. thula Väisänen, 1984, Acnemia trifida Zaitzev, 1982, Coelosia gracilis Johannsen, 1912, Orfelia krivosheinae Zaitzev, 1994, Mycetophila biformis Maximova, 2002, M. monstera Maximova, 2002, M. uschaica Subbotina & Maximova, 2011 and Trichonta palustris Maximova, 2002. Keywords Sciaroidea, Fennoscandia, faunistics © Jakovlev J et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    [Show full text]
  • Migratory Fish Stock Management in Trans-Boundary Rivers
    Title Migratory fish stock management in trans-boundary rivers Author(s) Erkinaro, Jaakko フィンランド-日本 共同シンポジウムシリーズ : 北方圏の環境研究に関するシンポジウム2012(Joint Finnish- Citation Japanese Symposium Series Northern Environmental Research Symposium 2012). 2012年9月10日-14日. オウル大学 、オウランカ研究所, フィンランド. Issue Date 2012-09-10 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/51370 Type conference presentation File Information 07_JaakkoErkinaro.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Migratory fish stock management in trans-boundary rivers Jaakko Erkinaro Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Oulu Barents Sea Atlantic ocean White Sea Baltic Sea Finland shares border river systems with Russia, Norway and Sweden that discharge to the Baltic Sea or into the Atlantic Ocean via White Sea or Barents Sea Major trans-boundary rivers between northern Finland and neighbouring countries Fin-Swe: River Tornionjoki/ Torneälven Fin-Nor: River Teno / Tana Fin-Rus: River Tuuloma /Tuloma International salmon stock management • Management of fisheries in international waters: International fisheries commissions, European Union • Bilateral management of trans-boundary rivers: Bilateral agreements between governments • Regional bilateral management Bilateral agreements between regional authorities Advice from corresponding scientific bodies International and bilateral advisory groups International Council for the Exploration of the Sea - Advisory committee for fisheries management - Working groups: WG for Baltic salmon and sea trout
    [Show full text]
  • Second World War As a Trigger for Transcultural Changes Among Sámi People in Finland
    Acta Borealia A Nordic Journal of Circumpolar Societies ISSN: 0800-3831 (Print) 1503-111X (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/sabo20 Second world war as a trigger for transcultural changes among Sámi people in Finland Veli-Pekka Lehtola To cite this article: Veli-Pekka Lehtola (2015) Second world war as a trigger for transcultural changes among Sámi people in Finland, Acta Borealia, 32:2, 125-147, DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2015.1089673 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2015.1089673 Published online: 07 Oct 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 22 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=sabo20 Download by: [Oulu University Library] Date: 23 November 2015, At: 04:24 ACTA BOREALIA, 2015 VOL. 32, NO. 2, 125–147 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2015.1089673 Second world war as a trigger for transcultural changes among Sámi people in Finland Veli-Pekka Lehtola Giellagas Institute, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The article analyses the consequences of the Lapland War (1944– Received 28 October 2014 45) and the reconstruction period (1945–52) for the Sámi society Revised 25 February 2015 in Finnish Lapland, and provides some comparisons to the Accepted 24 July 2015 situation in Norway. Reconstructing the devastated Lapland KEYWORDS meant powerful and rapid changes that ranged from novelties Sámi history; Finnish Lapland; of material culture to increasing Finnish ideals, from a Lapland War; reconstruction transition in the way of life to an assimilation process.
    [Show full text]
  • Pasvik–Inari Nature and History Shared Area Description
    PASVIK–INARI NATURE AND HISTORY SHARED AREA DESCRIPTION The Pasvik River flows from the largest lake in Finn- is recommended only for very experienced hikers, ish Lapland, Lake Inari, and extends to the Barents some paths are marked for shorter visits. Lake Inari Sea on the border of Norway and Russia. The valley and its tributaries are ideal for boating or paddling, forms a diverse habitat for a wide variety of plants and in winter the area can be explored on skis or a and animals. The Pasvik River is especially known for dog sled. The border mark at Muotkavaara, where its rich bird life. the borders of Finland, Norway and Russia meet, can The rugged wilderness that surrounds the river be reached by foot or on skis. valley astonishes with its serene beauty. A vast Several protected areas in the three neighbouring pine forest area dotted with small bogs, ponds and countries have been established to preserve these streams stretches from Vätsäri in Finland to Pasvik in great wilderness areas. A vast trilateral co-operation Norway and Russia. area stretching across three national borders, con- The captivating wilderness offers an excellent sisting of the Vätsäri Wilderness Area in Finland, the setting for hiking and recreation. From mid-May Øvre Pasvik National Park, Øvre Pasvik Landscape until the end of July the midnight sun lights up the Protection Area and Pasvik Nature Reserve in Nor- forest. The numerous streams and lakes provide way, and Pasvik Zapovednik in Russia, is protected. ample catch for anglers who wish to enjoy the calm backwoods.
    [Show full text]
  • RCN #33 21/8/03 13:57 Page 1
    RCN #33 21/8/03 13:57 Page 1 No. 33 Summer 2003 Special issue: The Transformation of Protected Areas in Russia A Ten-Year Review PROMOTING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN RUSSIA AND THROUGHOUT NORTHERN EURASIA RCN #33 21/8/03 13:57 Page 2 CONTENTS CONTENTS Voice from the Wild (Letter from the Editors)......................................1 Ten Years of Teaching and Learning in Bolshaya Kokshaga Zapovednik ...............................................................24 BY WAY OF AN INTRODUCTION The Formation of Regional Associations A Brief History of Modern Russian Nature Reserves..........................2 of Protected Areas........................................................................................................27 A Glossary of Russian Protected Areas...........................................................3 The Growth of Regional Nature Protection: A Case Study from the Orlovskaya Oblast ..............................................29 THE PAST TEN YEARS: Making Friends beyond Boundaries.............................................................30 TRENDS AND CASE STUDIES A Spotlight on Kerzhensky Zapovednik...................................................32 Geographic Development ........................................................................................5 Ecotourism in Protected Areas: Problems and Possibilities......34 Legal Developments in Nature Protection.................................................7 A LOOK TO THE FUTURE Financing Zapovedniks ...........................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • DRAINAGE BASINS of the WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA and KARA SEA Chapter 1
    38 DRAINAGE BASINS OF THE WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA Chapter 1 WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA 39 41 OULANKA RIVER BASIN 42 TULOMA RIVER BASIN 44 JAKOBSELV RIVER BASIN 44 PAATSJOKI RIVER BASIN 45 LAKE INARI 47 NÄATAMÖ RIVER BASIN 47 TENO RIVER BASIN 49 YENISEY RIVER BASIN 51 OB RIVER BASIN Chapter 1 40 WHITE SEA, BARENT SEA AND KARA SEA This chapter deals with major transboundary rivers discharging into the White Sea, the Barents Sea and the Kara Sea and their major transboundary tributaries. It also includes lakes located within the basins of these seas. TRANSBOUNDARY WATERS IN THE BASINS OF THE BARENTS SEA, THE WHITE SEA AND THE KARA SEA Basin/sub-basin(s) Total area (km2) Recipient Riparian countries Lakes in the basin Oulanka …1 White Sea FI, RU … Kola Fjord > Tuloma 21,140 FI, RU … Barents Sea Jacobselv 400 Barents Sea NO, RU … Paatsjoki 18,403 Barents Sea FI, NO, RU Lake Inari Näätämö 2,962 Barents Sea FI, NO, RU … Teno 16,386 Barents Sea FI, NO … Yenisey 2,580,000 Kara Sea MN, RU … Lake Baikal > - Selenga 447,000 Angara > Yenisey > MN, RU Kara Sea Ob 2,972,493 Kara Sea CN, KZ, MN, RU - Irtysh 1,643,000 Ob CN, KZ, MN, RU - Tobol 426,000 Irtysh KZ, RU - Ishim 176,000 Irtysh KZ, RU 1 5,566 km2 to Lake Paanajärvi and 18,800 km2 to the White Sea. Chapter 1 WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA 41 OULANKA RIVER BASIN1 Finland (upstream country) and the Russian Federation (downstream country) share the basin of the Oulanka River.
    [Show full text]
  • The Linkage of the Precipitation in the Selenga River Basin to Midsummer Atmospheric Blocking
    atmosphere Article The Linkage of the Precipitation in the Selenga River Basin to Midsummer Atmospheric Blocking Olga Yu. Antokhina 1,*, Pavel N. Antokhin 1 , Yuliya V. Martynova 2,3 and Vladimir I. Mordvinov 4 1 Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, 634021 Tomsk, Russia; [email protected] 2 Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems SB RAS, 634055 Tomsk, Russia; [email protected] 3 Siberian Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia 4 Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, SB RAS, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-952-154-4669 Received: 3 June 2019; Accepted: 21 June 2019; Published: 24 June 2019 Abstract: The linkage between atmospheric blocking (blocking frequency, BF) and total monthly July precipitation in the Selenga River Basin, the main tributary of Lake Baikal, for the period 1979–2016 was investigated. Based on empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis, two dominant modes of precipitation over the Selenga River Basin were extracted. The first EOF mode (EOF 1) is related to precipitation fluctuations mainly in the Mongolian part of Selenga; the second EOF mode (EOF 2)—in the Russian part of Selenga. Based on two different modes obtained, the total amount of precipitation individually for the Russian and Mongolian part of Selenga was calculated. Correlation analysis has demonstrated that precipitation over the Mongolian part of the Selenga Basin is positively correlated to blocking over Eastern Siberia/Mongolia (80–120◦ E, ESM-BF). Precipitation over the Russian part of the Selenga Basin is positively correlated to blocking over the Urals-Western Siberia (50–80◦ E, UWS-BF) and European blocking (0–50◦ E, E-BF).
    [Show full text]
  • Action Plan Pasvik-Inari Trilateral Park 2019-2028
    Action plan Pasvik-Inari Trilateral Park 2019-2028 2019 Action plan Pasvik-Inari Trilateral Park 2019-2028 Date: 31.1.2019 Authors: Kalske, T., Tervo, R., Kollstrøm, R., Polikarpova, N. and Trusova, M. Cover photo: Young generation of birders and environmentalists looking into the future (Pasvik Zapovednik, О. Кrotova) The Trilateral Advisory Board: FIN Metsähallitus, Parks & Wildlife Finland Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environments in Lapland (Lapland ELY-centre) Inari Municipality NOR Office of the Finnmark County Governor Øvre Pasvik National Park Board Sør-Varanger Municipality RUS Pasvik Zapovednik Pechenga District Municipality Nikel Local Municipality Ministry of Natural Resource and Ecology of the Murmansk region Ministry of Economic Development of the Murmansk region, Tourism division Observers: WWF Barents Office Russia, NIBIO Svanhovd Norway Contacts: FINLAND NORWAY Metsähallitus, Parks & Wildlife Finland Troms and Finnmark County Governor Ivalo Customer Service Tel. +47 789 50 300 Tel. +358 205 64 7701 [email protected] [email protected] Northern Lapland Nature Centre Siida RUSSIA Tel. +358 205 64 7740 Pasvik State Nature Reserve [email protected] (Pasvik Zapovednik) Tel./fax: +7 815 54 5 07 00 [email protected] (Nikel) [email protected] (Rajakoski) 2 Action Plan Pasvik-Inari Trilateral Park 2019-2028 3 Preface In this 10-year Action Plan for the Pasvik-Inari Trilateral Park, we present the background of the long-lasting nature protection and management cooperation, our mutual vision and mission, as well as the concrete development ideas of the cooperation for the next decade. The plan is considered as an advisory plan focusing on common long-term guidance and cooperation.
    [Show full text]
  • Bronze Age Human Communities in the Southern Urals Steppe: Sintashta-Petrovka Social and Subsistence Organization
    BRONZE AGE HUMAN COMMUNITIES IN THE SOUTHERN URALS STEPPE: SINTASHTA-PETROVKA SOCIAL AND SUBSISTENCE ORGANIZATION by Igor V. Chechushkov B.A. (History), South Ural State University, 2005 Candidate of Sciences (History), Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2013 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2018 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH KENNETH P. DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Igor V. Chechushkov It was defended on April 4, 2018 and approved by Dr. Francis Allard, Professor, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania Dr. Loukas Barton, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh Dr. Marc Bermann, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Robert D. Drennan, Distinguished Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh ii Copyright © by Igor V. Chechushkov 2018 iii BRONZE AGE HUMAN COMMUNITIES IN THE SOUTHERN URALS STEPPE: SINTASHTA-PETROVKA SOCIAL AND SUBSISTENCE ORGANIZATION Igor V. Chechushkov, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh, 2018 Why and how exactly social complexity develops through time from small-scale groups to the level of large and complex institutions is an essential social science question. Through studying the Late Bronze Age Sintashta-Petrovka chiefdoms of the southern Urals (cal. 2050–1750 BC), this research aims to contribute to an understanding of variation in the organization of local com- munities in chiefdoms. It set out to document a segment of the Sintashta-Petrovka population not previously recognized in the archaeological record and learn about how this segment of the population related to the rest of the society.
    [Show full text]
  • Observed Trends of Climate and River Discharge in Mongolia's Selenga
    water Article Observed Trends of Climate and River Discharge in Mongolia’s Selenga Sub-Basin of the Lake Baikal Basin Batsuren Dorjsuren 1,2 , Denghua Yan 1,3,4,*, Hao Wang 1,3,4, Sonomdagva Chonokhuu 2 , Altanbold Enkhbold 5, Xu Yiran 6, Abel Girma 1,7 , Mohammed Gedefaw 1,7 and Asaminew Abiyu 1 1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; [email protected] (B.D.); [email protected] (H.W.); [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (A.A.) 2 Department of Environment and Forest Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia; [email protected] 3 State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China 4 Water Resources Department, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China 5 Department of Geography, School of Art & Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia; [email protected] 6 School of Resources and Earth Science, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; [email protected] 7 Department of Natural Resource Management, University of Gondar, Gondar 196, Ethiopia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-68781976 Received: 11 September 2018; Accepted: 9 October 2018; Published: 12 October 2018 Abstract: Mongolia’s Selenga sub-basin of the Lake Baikal basin is spatially extensive, with pronounced environmental gradients driven primarily by precipitation and air temperature on broad scales. Therefore, it is an ideal region to examine the dynamics of the climate and the hydrological system.
    [Show full text]
  • Baikal Project 2012-2014 Results and Events Booklet.Pdf
    Photo by Elena Chumak GEF: “The GEF unites 182 countries in partnership with international institutions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the private sector to address global environmental issues while supporting national sustainable development initiatives. Today the GEF is the largest public funder of projects to improve the global environment. An independently operating financial organization, the GEF provides grants for projects related to biodiversity, climate change, international waters, land degradation, the ozone layer, and persistent organic pollutants. Since 1991, GEF has achieved a strong track record with developing countries and countries with economies in transition, providing $9.2 billion in grants and leveraging $40 billion in co-financing for over 2,700 projects in over 168 countries. www.thegef.org” UNDP: “UNDP partners with people at all levels of society to help build nations that can withstand crisis, and drive and sustain the kind of growth that improves the quality of life for everyone. On the ground in 177 countries and territories, we offer global perspective and local insight to help empower lives and build resilient nations. www.undp.org” UNOPS: is an operational arm of the United Nations, helping a range of partners implement $1 billion worth of aid and development projects every year. UNOPS mission is to expand the capacity of the UN system and its partners to implement peacebuilding, humanitarian and development operations that matter for people in need. Photo by Elena Chumak Contents Project Achievements
    [Show full text]