AREA : 5000 Ha

Project Cost : 750.0 Lakhs

Khawzawl, , , Tuipui, .

Prepared by BDO, .

1 INDEX

CHAPTER Page No. 1. Introduction ------3 2. Project Profile ------6 3. History of Project Villages & ------11 Basic Information 4. Participatory Rural Appraisal ------16 5. Problem Typology ------17 6. Project Intervention Plan ------20 7. DPR Plan Abstract ------21 8. Preparatory Phase. ------22 9. Work Plan Details ------23 10. Consolidation and Withdrawal Phase. ------25 11. Capacity Building Institute Identified ------26 12. Institutional & Capacity building Plan ------27 13. Basic Profile of the project location ------29 14. Maps of the project ------30 15. Institutional mechanism& Agreements. ------34 16. SWOT Analysis of PIA. ------35 17. PIA & Watershed Committee details. ------36 18. Convergence Plans. ------37 19. Expected Outcomes. ------39 20. Expected Estimate Outcomes. ------41 21. Monitoring & Evaluation. ------42 22. Plan, Estimate & Drawing ------49 23. Micro-Watershed work Plan for one cluster Area under IWMP.------55 24. Beneficiary Card Sample ------56

2 1. INTRODUCTION:

Due to the practice of shifting cultivation in . There was a decline in productivity, reduction of top soils as a result of enormous soil erosion. In order to regenerate fertility of land, check loss of top soil, reduce run off speed of rain water, regenerate vegetative cover, a multi-dimensional approach should be applied with participation of the mass at all level to ensure results. Since, jhumming is the mainstay of livelihood of the people in Mizoram since long time back, its stoppage at a very short span of time is impractical. Therefore, the approach will be systematic and holistic to win the confidence of the people.

The IWMP project concentrate its effort to achieve the objective of the programme through treating under-productive and hitherto unproductive lands and taking up allied activities for the benefit of the rural poor and landless.

This project will adopt a common strategy of multi-resource management involving all stakeholders within the watershed, who together as a group, will co-operatively identify the resources, issues and concerns of the watershed as well as develop and implement a watershed plan with solutions that are environmentally, socially and economically sustainable.

The objective of the project will be:-

1. Developing water, land/degraded land and abandoned jhum land on watershed basis, keeping in view the capacity of land, local conditions and needs. 2. Promoting overall economic development and improving Socio-economic condition of the poor and disadvantaged section inhabiting the project area. 3. Restoring ecological balance by harnessing, conserving and developing natural resources. i.e. land, water and vegetative cover. 4. Encouraging village community for sustainable community action for operation and maintenance of assets created and further development of potential of natural resources in the watershed. 5. Employment generation, poverty alleviation, community empowerment and development of human and other economic resources of the village.

Watershed Management works will be taken up in multi-tier approaches as below:- 1. First Tier-Canopy/Ridge Area Treatment

(a) Stoppage of Shifting Cultivation: Under IWMP farmers are encouraged to practice permanent farming in compact areas. All the areas which were previously used for cultivation will be left fallow and in due course of time natural forest growth will be regenerated.

(b) Afforestation: Besides the natural forest areas, more areas are proposed for afforestation under IWMP and other Schemes. Increased forest area will result in decrease of runoff water, soil water content and increased precipitation/rainfall, increased underground water table.

(c) Prevention of soil erosion: Due to the hilly nature of Mizoram and deforestation, rain water easily erodes the fertile top soil. Fertility decreases considerably in places of minimal forest cover. To prevent more soil erosion, construction of terraces, afforestation and other means are proposed so that there will be minimum soil content in the runoff water.

2. Second Tier-Horticulture Crop Area Treatment

(a) Construction of water harvesting structures and better utilization of water resources: Rainfall is still moderate and whatever rainfall we get, if we have proper harvesting structures, is more than enough for every household use without any other source of water. In place of permanent cultivation where natural streams are available for water harvesting using gravity and in those places where water is not available by gravity also, water harvesting should be encouraged. The harvested water

3 can be used both for human consumption as well as for irrigating farmlands and will provide the required water during dry season.

(b) Land Development: The areas covered under IWMP project are planned to be developed in such a way that the productivity will increase. The areas proposed for afforestation will be developed by making terrace. Construction of terrace will prevent unnecessary water runoff, thereby, recharging the water table. In places where permanent cultivation will be practiced, depending on the slope of the terrain, terrace, bench terrace and contour trench will be constructed. Cultivation of commercial crops will be practiced in such places and irrigation facilities for dry season will be provided.

(c) Gestation period treatment: The Permanent Horticulture crops planted in the 2nd Tier- Area will be mostly Orange, Hatcora, Nimbu, Litchi, Mango, Avocado and other cash crops. These crops will be harvested only after 5 years or more. During the gestation period, farmers and cultivators will be encouraged and assisted to introduce annual cash crops to meet their daily weeks.

3. Third Tier-Agriculture Crop Area Treatment: (a) Wet Rice Cultivation & Mixed Farming: In places of permanent cultivation, the land will be prepared in such a way that 2 – 3 crops can be planted in a year. This cannot be achieved with only the natural fertility of the land; therefore, provision will be made so that the cultivators can raise domestic animals in their farmland. The manure collected from animals can be used to fertilize the land making the crops produced in these farms entirely organic. Organic products are easier to export and have a larger market.

(b) Multiple cropping: If water and manure are available in plenty, farmers can plant different varieties of crop depending on the season. Even during the dry season, cultivation can be done and also permanent crops can be raised.

4. Rural – Urban migration: Due to lack of employment opportunities and for various other reasons, rural populations migrate to urban areas. In urban areas there is deficit of work due to large influx of population from rural areas, resulting in poverty and creating problem for resettlement to rural areas. Using IWMP this rural-urban migration is hoped to be kept in check by providing them with means for secure income.

5. Women empowerment: For an accelerated Socio-economic development of any community active participation of women is essential. In a social set up like ours, i.e., Patriarchal family system, the participation of women in the development process has to be ensured through tangible measures at various levels which result in empowerment of women in the real sense. This project will address to decrease the workload of women in the project area. Time spent for collecting drinking water will be reduced which will result in positive impact on the quality of life and health of women and the family.

6. Provision of livelihood for Asset-less families: The Asset-less families will be provided with a scope of micro-entrepreneurship, they will be assisted and trained to take up those activities identified under the project. Livestock farming, handicraft, mechanics, black smithy, Tin smithy, Petty trade etc. will be encouraged by the PIA for this Asset-less people. Necessary financial and technical support will be provided from the project fund.

7. Creation of Assets: Using IWMP Project, plans are made to provide durable assets to the rural population. These assets will last long after the completion of this project and will be handed over to the public on completion of this project. The management, repair, renovation or augmentation of these assets will be the responsibility of the people. Plans are made in such a way that once the project is completed the public will be able to restore or augment these assets without Government help. A minimal charge will be collected from the user of these assets; this collection along with WDF will be used for maintenance of these assets.

4

8. Convergence with other Programmes: An opportunity for convergence with other programmes of Government of and State Government will be opened for the Project area as well as beneficiaries and end-users. Convergence with other programme will be those which are not convenient to address from IWMP fund and those needing more fund and man days which could not be met from the said scheme. Beneficiaries will be encouraged to utilize such fund received by them from other sources for enhancing their activity in the project area. However, parallel funding of same activity in the same project area will be accounted separately to avoid duplicity of utilization of fund. Care should be taken to check misappropriation of fund. All scheme funds should be utilized in a holistic and judicious manner.

9. Connectivity of the Project Area: Even though, IWMP is silent on the provision of connectivity to the project area, construction of road, bridges and culverts will be given priority to ease transportation of products from the project area. Connectivity will enhance works done per day per person since time for traveling to the project area from habitation will be less. Connectivity will also ensure better monitoring and supervision and implementation of works. Provision of connectivity should be done under the existing MG- NREGA or other State Schemes. An Annual Action Plan formulated by Gram Sabha of each project village will give priority on this convergence approach.

10. Food Security: In many rural villages, the parents had to toil and sweats for their Children in order to give the family a food meal twice a day. Making both ends meet is as hand as a rock sometimes due to scarcity of wage employment and results in lack of purchasing power. However, in order to make availability of food more secure for the family, the project will enhance the productivity of the land, increase the income of the family and revitalize the welfare of the family so that there will be food scarcity .

11. Disaster Risk Reduction Approach: Whenever there is any developmental activities in hilly areas, landslips, erosions and road blocks raise their ugly heads causing devastating destructions, sometimes results in Landslips and hungers and also natural calamities like Drought, Wild Fire, Airborned and Waterborned diseases. This project, as far as practicable, will address to reduce the risk of disaster due to developmental works by construction of Check Dams, Retaining Walls, Flood control works and control of free flowing rain waters by way of construction of contour lines, bundings, terracing etc. to decrease the run off speed of rain water and utilize all available water in a meaning way for enhancing productivity.

5 PROJECT PROFILE

Champhai : IWMP - III

Name of Watershed : R.Tuimuk-I 3d1b5d1b, 3d1b5d1e.

R.Tuimuk-II 3d1b5d4c, 3d1b3d3d. R.Tuimuk-III 3d1b5d4b, 3d1b5d2b.

R.Tuimuk-IV 3d1b5d2a R.Tuimuk-V 3d1b3d3b

Area of the project : 5000 Ha Cost of the project : 750 Lakhs (a) Central Share : 675 Lakhs (b) State Share : 75 Lakhs

Villages to be covered (a) Khawzawl (b) Ngaizawl (c) Neihdawn (d) Tuipui (e) Tualpui

1. Drainage System:

Sl Drainage System Description No. drains the eastern fringe of Mizoram and it forms an international boundary line between Mizoram (India) and Myanmar for a distance of about 83 kilometers. The river rises from the north Tiau Drainage 1 system eastern part of the district near village and it flows in the southward direction. Its important tributaries are Tuitho lui, Sihmit lui, Iva lui and Tlawva lui. Tuipui river originates near Champhai township at a height of 1300 m above mean sea level. First it flows eastwards and then northwards and finally flows southwards till it confluences to Tiau river in the Tuipui Drainage 2 system southern most part of the district. Its important tributaries are Pumpet lui, Tuimuk li , Thlikva lui, lui, Rainfan lui, Tuiaw lui and Zawngtah lui, etc. Tuichang river originates from Darngawn tlang near Khawzawl township at a height of 1449 m above mean sea level. Its main Tuichang Drainage 3 system tributaries include Tuimarul lui, Tuisen lui, Phaisen lui, Nghalrawh lui, Tuikau lui and Kharzawl lui are the important ones. river originates from Rullam tlang at a height of 1590 m above mean sea level. It forms a district boundary with district Tuivawl Drainage 4 in the western side of the district up to a considerable length. Its main system tributaries within the district are , lui, Tuingam lui, and Chhirdem lui.

6 originates from Manipur state in the north east of Mizoram and it forms a state boundary line between the two states for a considerable length and then after entering Mizoram it again forms a district boundary line between Aizawl and Champhai districts. Tuila lui Tuivai Drainage 5 system is the only important tributary of Tuivai in the district which flows northwards, creating some fluvial flood plains along its course. Other tributaries of less importance are Tuikhur lui, Tuisik lui and Leisang lui. Tuiphai lui originates from Zirtanzo tlang at a height of 18894 m above mean sea level near Khuanglam village in the Sialkal hill Tuiphai Drainage 6 ranges. It Flows in north-west direction till it meets with Tuivai river. system Its important tributaries are Tuimai lui, Tuiluai lui, Phalte lui and Tuithil lui. Tuisa lui originates from Tlangsam tlang near village in the Sialkal hill ranges at a height of 1750 m above mean sea level. It is a north flowing river which created quite a number of fluvial flood plains Tuisa Drainage 7 system along its courses. Its main tributaries are Dimphai lui, Leiva lui, Tangkhawng lui, Tuingo lui, Tuikual lui, Tuimang lui, Tuiching lui and Bak lui.

2. Geomorphology : The IWMP-Champhai –I area is formed by medium structural hills along the ridges which runs from to Pawlsang Village, and low structural hills in the western side of the ridge with many streams and rivulets. The streams are mostly ephemeral in nature.

3. Lithology: The ridge area of the project is formed by Sandstone which are fine to very fine grained, not too bluish grey to light brown in colour, compact and hard, thinly bedded, rarely yellowish brown, medium grained and friable. The low structural hill is formed by Siltstone and Shale which are dark grey to grey in colour and are usually splintery.

4. Ground water Potential : In the low-lying areas, the ground water potential is categorized as good which are those jhum areas, abandoned jhum land and current jhum land. The ground water potential is moderate along the ridges which need to be focused upon to increase the sources of spring heads and fountains.

5. Land use / Land cover : The land use and cover pattern in are as follows:- I. Built-up land: Built-up land is an area of human habitation, developed due to non-agriculture use and that has a cover of buildings, transport and communications, utilities in association with water, vegetation and vacant lands. Champhai District includes five towns i.e. Champhai, Khawzawl, , , and 98 villages.

7 III. Agriculture Land: These are lands primarily used for farming and for production of food, fibre and other commercial horticultural crops. It includes land under crops (irrigated and un-irrigated, plantations etc.)

(a) Kharif: Kharif crop land refers mainly to the wet rice cultivation areas located in the low lying plains. Unlike other districts, Champhai district has an extensive flat land near Champhai, Khawzawl and . The wet rice cultivation areas are usually located at the banks of rivers, streams and sometimes close to settlement areas, where soil and water supply is suitable for its establishment and growth.

(b) Plantation: This class includes areas, which are being utilized for plantation of cash crops. They include a variety of agriculture/horticultural plantations, of which the prominent ones includes Grapes, Passion fruit, Citrus woodlands, Tea, Pineapple and Tung plantations.

IIII Forest Dense: This class includes natural forest, which are not disturbed by any biotic factors like shifting cultivation and other human activities. The crown density of this class is very thick. Sub-tropical forest, evergreen and semi- evergreen forests covers major portion of this area.

(a) Medium Dense: The forests that have a crown cover neither too thick nor too thin are classed under this category.

(b) Less Dense: The forest under this category has a thin crown cover. This type of forest includes forest, which were not once disturbed and affected by biotic factors like shifting cultivation and human activities. These forests are characterized by those lands where shifting cultivation had been practiced and then left fallow for over a year; the resultant new vegetation of which, regenerated to form new forests.

(c) Bamboo: Bamboo forests are not as abundant in Champhai district as compared to other districts. They are found concentrated at the western part, northern tip and along the banks of River Tiau on the eastern side of the district.

(d) Forest Plantation: Forest Plantations are distributed throughout the district. Some has large coverage while most of them have area below the minimum map able unit. The prominent forest plantations are Teak (Tectona grandis) Michelia (Michelia champaca), Gamari (Gmelina arborea), and Pine (Pinus kesiya)

IV Shifting Cultivation:

(a) Current Shifting Cultivation: It is a traditional practice of growing crops on forested/vegetated hill slopes by slash and burn method. These are associated with mountainous/hilly areas amidst forest cover and forest cleared areas.

(b) Abandoned Shifting Cultivation: These are areas that were under shifting cultivation, left idle for more than one year but less than three years thereby giving scope for the regeneration of the secondary vegetation especially bamboo or grasses.

V Scrub land: These lands are generally prone to deterioration due to erosion. They generally occupy topographically high locations, excluding hilly/mountainous terrain. They possess sparse vegetation with thin soil cover.

8 VI Water Body: This category comprises areas with surface water, either impounded in the form of ponds, lakes or flowing as streams and rivers etc.

6. The soils of the Project Area : The soils of the project area wih a 25% - 50% slope with abandoned jhum, current jhum land and Horticulture plantation in small scales are clayey Typic Hapludults, L.S. Umbric Dystrochrepts, FL Typic Hapludults and Typic Dystrochrepts. However in a less sloped areas, F.L Humic Hapludults and Clayey Typic Dystrochrepts are also found.

7. Land Holding: The Village Council, which is the authorized body to allot sites to the villager can issue House Passes within the limit of the Village Area. However, the village council also issue passes and allotted land even though they are not authorize to do so beyond the village limit which were called ‘V.C. Passes’. If the allotee properly utilized the land so allotted, his ownership was always accepted by the Government. In this ways V.C’s leased out a big portion of land lying between the village area and the jhum land. Also in some cases, there are periodic patta passes issued by Revenue Department. However, in remote areas, V.C was the sole authority to issue passes.

8. Rainfall : Although pre-monsoon rains break in from the early part of March with occasional thunder-storms, the monsoon period really starts from the middle week of April and the peaks period is in the month of July to August. It declines gradually and ceases during November. Occasional showers of low to medium intensity also occur during the period from December to February due to the influence of the retreating monsoon.

The rainfall recorded during 2007 -2009 as per Meteorological Department, Mizoram is as follows:-

The rainfall recorded during 2000 -2009 as per the record of Padma Shree Pu C.Rokhuma, Aizawl, Mizoram.

2000 ------97.70 inches 2001 ------84.90 inches

2002 ------95.40 inches 2003 ------123.65 inches

2004 ------89.85 inches 2005 ------56.90 inches

2006 ------64.75 inches 2007 ------96.45 inches

2008 ------62.05 inches 2009 ------55.75 inches

The minimum & maximum temperatures between 1986 – 2008 recorded during January was 70C min - 260C max, during April was 130 min – 350C max, During July was 180C min - 340C max.

9. Ethnology : The Project Area is inhabited by Mizo tribe comprising of Ralte, Hmar, Paihte, Sailo and other Lusei tribes. Mizo dialect is the common language.

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The following figure shows percentage of inflation in various commodities.

Commodity 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010 (dec)

Rice 16.54 20.3 20.88 24.67 27 Masur Dal 42.75 56 73.75 76.28 71 Pork 102.5 122 145 150.42 160 Beef 112.5 123.75 146.25 159.58 175 Fish 112.5 114.28 131.25 142.95 145 Milk 28.87 27.62 30.63 32.73 37 Potato 12.69 12.5 14.5 22.42 24 Sugar 25 23.62 27.25 34.43 45 LPG 306.63 305.63 325 320.44 361

Sources: AH&Vety Department

Area & Production Major crops (2009-2010)

Sl Name of Crop 2009-2010 2010-2011 No Area ‘000 Ha Prodn ‘000 Area ‘000 Ha Prodn ‘000 Ha Ha Cereals: 1 Rice 47.2 46.3 40.67 46.9 2 Maize 8.31 11.14 8.81 12.7 Total of Cereals 55.51 57.44 49.48 59.6 Pulses: 1 Arthar 0.2 0.12 9.74 1.1 2 Rice Bean 0.72 0.9 0.2 0.2 3 Other Pulses 2.39 2.98 2.54 3.4 Total of Pulses 3.31 4.0 12.48 4.7 Oil Seed: 1 Sesamum 1.1 0.75 1.2 1.9 2 Soyabean 1.3 2.1 1.01 0.7 Total of Oil Seed 2.4 2.085 2.21 2.6 G. Total 61.22 64.29 64.17 66.9 Target for 2011-2012 1. Production of Rice 52.000 MT 2. Increase productivity in WRC 1.7 - 2.5 MT/Ha 3. Increase productivity in Jhum 0.92 – 1.2 MT/Ha 4. Farm Power Availability 0.25 – 0.75 KW/Ha 5. Fertilizer consumption 42.07 – 60.00 Kg/Ha 6. Seed Replacement 30% in Paddy and 40% in Other crops 7. System of Rice intesification 500-3,000 Ha

10 HISTORY OF THE PROJECT VILLAGE

HISTORY OF KHAWZAWL

Khawzawl is a village situated under Champhai District having a population of 1198 male and 1263 female persons.

The main occupation of the inhabitants are business, daily labour and Government Servant. The inhabitants of Khawzawl had been enlarging its canvas of development through establishment of educational institutions. At present there are two Primary Schools, two Middle Schools, one High School and one Higher Secondary School. As per the record of the Village there are 510 household.

As far as knowledgeable, there are no incidents of disturbance and havoc recorded in the village. The main source of water is from Changel tui which falls under area and water is also collected from Tumkhuai which falls under jurisdiction. As sources indicate water from this two point is not sufficient during the dry season.

BASIC INFORMATION Population

Sl.No Total Population 1 Male 1198 2 Female 1263 Total 2461

Occupation 1 Cultivation 227 2 Government Services 140 3 Business/Micro Entrepreneur 21 4 Livestock farming 482 Total 870

Educational Status

1 Primary School 2 2 Middle School 2 3 High School 1 4 Higher Secondary School 1 Total 6

Spring/Water sources

1 Changel tui (gravity water pipeline) Decrease during dry season 2 Tumkhuai (gravity water pipeline) Decrease during dry season 3 Tuimuk Perennial but decrease during dry season 4 Tuichang Perennial but decrease during dry season 5 Tuira Perennial but decrease during dry season 11 HISTORY OF NGAIZAWL VILLAGE

Ngaizawl is a small village which falls under Champhai District and the neighbouring village include Neihdawn, Tualpui and Khawzawl. As recorded by the village elders a number of pineapple were grown in the flat area on the bottom part of the village. Since pineapple are called ‘ngai’ by the Hmar tribe and ‘zawl’ which means flat the name of the village is taken from this two words.

The main source of income of the people is through farming where rice, ginger and corn are mostly grown in their land. Water is collected from Tuikuang lui and Thinglung lui. However, this sources are not sufficient during the dry season. Here in the village they have spring sources of water called Khurpui, Pathian tuikhur and Khawmawng tuikhur. These sources are not dried up during the dry season.

As for their social life, people of Ngaizawl had been practicing the similar Mizo cultural system of marriage where ceremonies are held in the church under the charge of Pastors and Church leaders followed by celebration with large gathering and feast. As on today they have one Primary School, one Middle School, one High School.

BASIC INFORMATION Population

Sl.No Total Population 1 Male 426 2 Female 441 Total 867 Occupation 1 Cultivation 154 2 Government Services 13 3 Business/Micro Entrepreneur 6 4 Livestock farming 146 Total 319 Educational Status

1 Primary School 1 2 Middle School 1 3 High School 1 4 Higher Secondary School - Total 3 Spring/Water sources 1 Tuikuang lui (gravity water pipeline) Perennial but decrease during dry season 2 Thinglui (gravity water pipeline) Perennial but decrease during dry season 3 Thingthupui lui Perennial but decrease during dry season 4 Liankalha khuai lui Perennial but decrease during dry season 5 Darngawn khuai lui Perennial but decrease during dry season 6 Tuipui Perennial but decrease during dry season

12 HISTORY OF NEIHDAWN VILLAGE

Neihdawn is a village which 170 km from its main city Aizawl and falls under Champhai District having the village boundary with Champhai, Khawzawl, Tuipui and Ngaizawl.

As sources indicate one of the Hmar tribe called ‘Neihdawn’ were the first dweller in this village and the name of the village is given after this tribe. The main source of living here is through farming where rice, ginger and oranges are grown. Water is collected from Sersih which is not sufficient during the dry season. Spring water is found at Khur Hnai, Lianzuala tui, Challianchhunga tuikhur.

As for their social life, people of neihdawn people had been practicing the similar Mizo cultural system of marriage where ceremonies are held in the church under the charge of Pastors and Church leaders followed by celebration with large gathering and feast. Chapchar Kut, one of the most popular festival of the Mizos assumed a very important cultural tradition in the society. Chapchar Kut as a Cultural heritage and popular festival has been kept alive and preserved by the people of Neihdawn. Christmas is one of the most important events embraced.

BASIC INFORMATION Population

Sl.No Total Population 1 Male 307 2 Female 330 Total 637

Occupation 1 Cultivation 112 2 Government Services 17 3 Business/Micro Entrepreneur 2 4 Livestock farming 113 Total 244

Educational Status

1 Primary School 1 2 Middle School 1 3 High School - 4 Higher Secondary School - Total 2

Spring/Water sources

1 Sersih (gravity water pipeline) Perennial but decrease during dry season 2 Tuipui Perennial but decrease during dry season 3 Tuimuk Perennial but decrease during dry season 4 Lungtlanghing lui Perennial but decrease during dry season 5 Damdiai tui Perennial but decrease during dry season 6 kelsihtui Perennial but decrease during dry season

13 HISTORY OF TUIPUI VILLAGE Tuipui is a small village under Champhai District which is situated on the shore of the river. The name of the village is giver for being situated near the river.

This village has a total population of just 458 persons where 210 are male and 248 are female. The majority of people of tuipui depend on farming for their living and there are few Government servant and small business men.

In the field of education there are only few schools being a small village. With the effort of the village elders and support from the Government Tuipui village at present have established one Primary School and one Middle School. Since it is situated near the river the village have no difficulty in regard to water. Spring water sources is also found at Bualpui lui, Lungreng tuikhur and Mauhak. However, these sources are dried up during dry season..

BASIC INFORMATION Polulation Sl.No Total Population 1 Male 210 2 Female 248 Total 458

Occupation 1 Cultivation 81 2 Government Services 11 3 Business/Micro Entrepreneur 7 4 Livestock farming 95 Total 194

Educational Status

1 Primary School 1 2 Middle School 1 3 High School - 4 Higher Secondary School - Total 2

Spring/Water sources

1 Tuipui Perennial but decrease during dry season 2 Bualpui tui Perennial but decrease during dry season 3 Mauhak lui Perennial but decrease during dry season 4 Lungrang kawr Perennial but decrease during dry season 5 kawrdungsei Perennial but decrease during dry season

14 HISTORY OF TUALPUI VILLAGE

Tualpui is a village which falls under Champhai District where Hmar tribe called ‘tualpui’ were the first inhabitants. The name of the village is therefore taken from this tribe called tualpui.

Tualpui village having a total of 115 household mainly depend on farming for their living where rice and ginger are mainly grown. Their main source of water is from ‘Murlen kham mum lui’ which does not dried up even during the dry season. Spring water sources is also found at Hmarhmun tuikhur, Paihte tuikhur, YMA tuikhur, Zotui hla leh hnai. Though these sources are not dried up during the dry season, the water becomes lesser during this season.

The village had made development with the efoort and support put in by the village elders and Government where they have established one Primary School, one Middle School and one High School.

BASIC INFORMATION

Polulation Sl.No Total Population 1 Male 325 2 Female 351 Total 676

Occupation 1 Cultivation 108 2 Government Services 14 3 Business/Micro Entrepreneur 2 4 Livestock farming 102 Total 226

Educational Status

1 Primary School 1 2 Middle School 1 3 High School 1 4 Higher Secondary School - Total 3

Spring/Water sources

1 Murlen kham tui Perennial but decrease during dry season 2 Tuichang Perennial but decrease during dry season 3 Tuipui Perennial but decrease during dry season 4 Pumpet Perennial but decrease during dry season 5 Raltawna lui Perennial but decrease during dry season

15 PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA)

The past experience of watershed has given tremendous input to focus on creating accountability of the stakeholders towards the programme. This has created an emphasis to include all the stakeholder communities and their local and indigenous Technological Knowledge (ITK) while planning for any activity. Participatory approach provides a new path for planning, implementing, monitoring and post- withdrawal activities with a complete accountability of the stakeholders. Various PRA techniques like resource mapping, social mapping, and season calendars were used to understand the physical and social orientation of the village in general and watershed in specific. These tools put the villagers in ease than the complicated questionnaires. Various tools like Matrix ranking, Venn diagram were used to identify various local vegetations (apt for afforestation), Fodders crops, various institutions and their significance in the life of the farmers. FINDINGS: The PRA exercise done in the project area revealed that the villages even after lengthy lecture and deliberate discussion could not make the difference between what they want and what they need. In each village the people thought that they need-

a) Community hall with Badminton Court. b) Playground with a minimum size of 120m x 70m which is medium standard football ground. c) Internal roads and steps. d) Market or waiting sheds. e) Office building for various NGOs i.e., YMA, MHIP and MUP. f) Construction of roads under MG-NREGA to connect their jhum land.

In view of the above points, none of the above items except Sl /No. (d) and (f) could not alleviate poverty nor lighten the burden of loads they carry from their jhum land. Therefore, what seem to be their needs are actually what they want to have.

Then, in the second exercise of the PRA, the need of the people was revealed, what they want becomes negligible since their wants could not fulfill the needs of the rural populace. Therefore, the following points came up which will be addressed with various R.D. Programme.

a) Water and moisture conservation for domestic and irrigation purposes. b) Land development for horticulture, agriculture and pisciculture. c) Afforestation and regeneration of village community land. d) Construction of link road to each potential area to ease transportation. e) Construction of storage facility and market infrastructure. f) Training and capacity building for rural artisans and their sponsorship to various institutions for up-gradation of skills.

16 PROBLEM TYPOLOGY

1 2 3 4 S. Proposed interventions to over come Problem area Problem analysis No problems Soil Conservation Soil lost is immense due to direct Soil and moisture conservation will be (slope, rain drop resulting in soil erosion, done by way of construction of farm 1 erosion, soil destruction of vegetative barrier, ponds, dug-out ponds, terracing, bench loss, rainfall, decreased rainfall. Top soil loss terracing, half moon terrace, contour productivity , decreases fertility of the land trenching and planting trees, shifting etc) resulting in less productivity. cultivation will be controlled.

Decrease in vegetative barrier In order to utilize every drop of water in resulted in high run off speed of a meaningful way, all the streams in the Water rain water and less chance of project area will be tapped to irrigate conservation recharging water table. Direct sun farm land. Rain water will be harvested (water budget, 2 light also decreases the moisture in farm ponds, dug-out ponds and Ground water content of the soil. Once perennial water harvesting structures to recharge norms, streams become ephemeral. the ground water content. Check dams productivity) will be constructed in various places to make ephemeral streams into perennial streams.

Practice of shifting cultivation Permanent farming will be introduced in Crop coverage destroyed crops and vegetative the project area by three tier system. – { 80% of w/s coverage; Sporadic wild fire also Canopy areas will be treated to 3 area should be destroyed a vast portion of land regenerate forest, in the second tier with canopy} every year. Abandoned jhum land horticulture will be introduced; the third increases resulting in less tier will be covered with WRC and vegetative coverage Terrace for Agriculture activity.

Due to Loss of top soil, the The productivity will be enhanced by productivity of land decreases way of multiple cropping. Permanent tremendously, the productivity of crops will be introduced in slope areas, land in case of paddy is only 600 during the gestation period seasonal Agriculture Kg per acre, which is almost 50% and annual crops will be sown which productivity less than 10-15 years ago. The will doubled the income of the farmer. 4 (crop wise crop wise district average for major Organic manures will be used for compare with crops is as below:- enhancing the production as well as dist. Average) S.No Project Area Dist ensuring quality. Drip-irrigation will be Average provided to each farmer for irrigating (a) Paddy–600 Kg/Ac 750 Kg/Ac crops. WRC areas will be provided with (b) Maize-800 950 Kg/Ac open or pipe irrigation to enhance Kg/Ac productivity and enable farmer to sow (c) Banana–700 1000 more than once in their area. Kg/Ac Kg/Ac

Lack of grazing ground for milch Developing the existing pasture land animals, draught animals and with proper management and technical Livestock 5 small ruminants. Lack of technical inputs for livestock farming. Training at productivity know how of animal management, various identified institute to ensure remoteness of the project area growth and productivity. Developing and lack of financial support and infrastructures for production and

17 infrastructure. marketing with logistic support.

No employment opportunities in Organizing the people to form SHG’s the project area to earn a living and imparting training at various Existing except in jhum lands where identified institutes, Door-step training Livelihood weeding is required. Lack of at local area for Old-aged and 6 activities for creativeness, training and financial handicapped persons. Developing Asset less support for such persons. infrastructures for production and persons marketing, provision of logistic support to the groups. The existing CBO’s i.e. YMA, Training for CBO’s/ VO’s in order to Community MHIP and MUP are not aware of enable them to facilitate the newly Based the importance of SHG’s and formed SHG’s and federation for their 7 Organisation & Federations and lack creativity growth and impart sense of ownership. Social capital and innovative mind. base

Capacity There is no proper capacity Capacity building will be held at regular Building building and awareness campaign. intervals. In order to ensure mass- (participation, participation, the time and venue 8 awareness of should be notified in advance to all watershed concerned. community Due to the implementation of In order to change the existing work- various employment generation culture, comprehensive plan should be schemes, the people are used to worked out to ensure better profits from earning their livelihood easily works done by each individual. Ensure Work Culture without much toil and sweat. They market for each produce and induce 9 of Labour became irresponsible and forget the spirit of ownership of every work force the Mizo work culture where every done. Every one should be made to family is self-sufficient. deliver considerable effort for his and his family’s self-sufficiency without external support. During the implementation of The Village Council in consultation with NLUP and MIP in Mizoram, Revenue Department, Government of community land available for Mizoram should declared the allotment Land jhuming was distributed to every of land to those allotees null and void, 10 ownership family at the rate of 4 Acres. Even and re-distribute the land to deserving Pattern after the dis-continuance of the families who are willing to take up the programmes, the allotee usually activities under IWMP. claimed their land allotted to them even if they could not look after it. Due to lack of foresight, the village Village Authorities will be made authorities could not formulate conscious of the importance of plans to connect every potential connectivity to the potential project Connectivity of area with roads to ease areas. They will make fund available for Watershed transportation of produces construction of road connectivity under 11 Area and resulting in heavy burden for every available schemes. This will ease Potential farmers and cultivators. transportation of produces, reduce the Areas cost of transportation and market price of the produce, it will also decrease time taken for the produces to reach markets. Marketing of Even though the produces of the Produces will be quantified at least 12 produces locality is of small quantity, it three-folded in each item to enable the

18 became too much for local farmers to sell outside the locality. consumption, but too little for Transportation arrangement will be outside market. made at watershed committee level to ensure that those produces reach the market within 24 hours. Due to lack of storage facilities for Cold storage facilities will be applied in storing Horticulture products in the concerned Department under the Storage of local area, the products became where every 13 produces. rotten in a short span of time, then beneficiary will deposit their produces farmers and cultivators not only before sending them to the market. losses but are also demoralized. Bank officials will be made to Due to lack of Banking participate more in the implementation infrastructure in remote villages, of the project where they could fetch a credit linkage and banking good return. The dormancy of service 14 Credit Linkage assistance are out of reach for the area of each banks will be made to rural populace. revive, in return, the loanees will be made to recover their loans in regular intervals so that the bank, the loanees and SHG will be more profitable. Recent establishment of R-SETI at There are only a few training Zemabawk, KVK Khawzawl and facilities and institutions for the Farmers Training Centre at Selesih will rural artisans, even though the help upgrade the rural artisans, farmers Lack of existing ones are almost out of and micro entrepreneurs. Sponsorship Training reach for them due to lack of will be done from training and capacity Infrastructure sponsorship and financial support building fund of the project. Whenever 15 and for upgradation of skills. possible, private trainers will be Institutional engaged to impart in – house/Door Support and Step training to old aged pensioner, Sponsorship widows and handicapped persons. Up- gradation of skill will enable the produces of rural artisans to compete in the open markets.

Focus will be set to those areas Due to Bamboo flowering in 2007, selected under the project to control 2008 &2009, vast bamboo forest wild fire, controlled burning and watch Sparodic was covered with dried bamboos. of wild fire will be introduced. 16 wild fire Some miscreants used to set fire Comprehensive Plan will be evolved at causing destruction of new young Village Level to create awareness. plants coming up. Village Level Authority will be encouraged to punish and fine those who caused such wild fire. The PIA will be advised to opened a Site Office within his IWMP Project Due to lack of efficient time Area for better co-ordination with the management, Valuable time have Watershed Committees, User Group, Time been thrown away which could be Self-Help Groups, and the 17 Management utilized in an efficient manner if beneficiaries. All programmes of management have been properly training, awareness, capacity buildings arranged and field visits will be notified in advance so that there will be no lapsed in the part of the PIA nor the end users.

19

PROJECT INTERVENTION PLAN

Khawzawl Ngaizawl Neihdawn Tuipui Tualpui TOTAL Sl. Allocatio Physical Allocatio Allocatio Allocatio Name of works % Physical in Physical in Allocation Physical Allocation Physical Physical NO n in in n in n in n in No.& Ha No.& Ha in rupees in No.& Ha in rupees in No.& Ha in No.& Ha rupees No.& Ha rupees rupees rupees Preparation of 1 1 1 2,71,500 1 135300 1 92400 1 137850 1 112950 1 7,50,000 DPR Entry Point 2 4 4 10,86,000 3 541200 3 369600 3 551400 3 451800 16 30,00,000 Activities Institution & 3 5 N.A 13,57,500 NA 676500 NA 462000 NA 689250 NA 564750 NA 37,50,000 Capacity Building Productivity 4 10 241.33 27,15,000 120 1353000 82 924000 123 1378500 101 1129500 647 75,00,000 Enhancement Livelihood for 5 9 217.20 24,43,500 108 1217700 74 831600 110 1240650 90 1016550 581 67,50,000 Asset less Natural 6 Resources 56 1351.47 152,04,000 674 7576800 460 5174400 686 7719600 562 6325200 3622 420,00,000 Management Monitoring & 7 2 N.A 5,43,000 NA 270600 NA 184800 NA 275700 NA 225900 NA 15,00,000 Evaluation Consolidation 8 3 N.A 8,14,500 NA 405900 NA 277200 NA 413550 NA 338850 NA 22,50,000 Phase 9 Administration 10 L.S 27,15,000 LS 1353000 LS 924000 LS 1378500 LS 1129500 LS 75,00,000 TOTAL OF SL.NO (4,5& 6, PHYSICAL) 100 1810 271,50,000 902 13530000 616 9240000 919 13785000 753 11295000 5000 750,00,000 FINANCIAL OVERALL

20

DPR PLAN ABSTRACT

1 year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year Total Sl. Component No Phy Phy Phy Phy Phy Phy Fin (Rs.) Fin (Rs.) Fin (Rs.) Fin (Rs.) Fin (Rs.) Fin (Rs.) (Ha/No) (Ha/No) (Ha/No) (Ha/No) (Ha/No) (Ha/No)

1 Detailed Project Report (1%) 1 7,50,000 1 7,50,000

2 Entry Point Activities (4%) 25 30,00,000 25 30,00,000

Institution & Capacity 3 N.A 3,75,000 N.A 18,75,000 N.A 6,94,000 N.A 4,31,000 N.A 3,75,000 N.A 37,50,000 Building (5%) Production System & Micro 4 33 7,50,000 100 22,50,000 100 22,50,000 100 22,50,000 333 75,00,000 Enterprise. (10%) Livelihoods for Assetless 5 30 7,50,000 90 22,50,000 90 22,50,000 60 15,00,000 270 67,50,000 (9%) Natural Resource 6 500 56,25,000 1011.64 113,81,000 1011.64 113,81,000 1210.05 136,13,000 3733.33 420,00,000 Management (56%)

7 Monitoring (1%) N.A 1,50,000 N.A 1,50,000 N.A 1,50,000 N.A 3,00,000 N.A 7,50,000

8 Evaluation (1%) N.A 2,25,000 - - N.A 2,62,500 N.A 2,62,500 N.A 7,50,000

9 Consolidation phase (3%) N.A 22,50,000 N.A 22,50,000

10 Administration 10% L.S 3,75,000 L.S 11,25,000 L.S 20,25,000 L.S 20,25,000 L.S 19,50,000 L.S 75,00,000

GRANT TOTAL 11 45,00,000 105,00,000 187,50,000 187,50,000 225,01,000 750,00,000 (Financial only)

21 PREPARATORY PHASE

CHAMPHAI DISTRICT : MIZORAM NAME OF THE PROJECT : CHAMPHAI-III

Amount Estimated Name of Expenditure Expected Actual earmarked EPA Planned Cost Balance Village incurred outcome Outcome for EPA (in Rs.)

3,25,800 Constn. of Roadside Market at Vengthar, Khawzawl. 3,25,800 3,25,800 Nil 1 1 3,25,800 Constn. of Roadside Market at Hermon, Khawzawl. 3,25,800 3,25,800 Nil 1 1 Khawzawl 3,25,800 Constn. of Roadside Market at Dinthar, Khawzawl. 3,25,800 3,25,800 Nil 1 1 54,300 Constn. of Public Urinal at Dinthar, Khawzawl. 54,300 54,300 Nil 1 1 54,300 Constn. of Public Urinal at Vengthar, Khawzawl. 54,300 54,300 Nil 1 1 4,87,080 Constn. of Public Water Tank. 4,87,080 4,87,080 Nil 4 4 Ngaizawl 54,120 Constn. of Public Urinal. 54,120 54,120 Nil 1 1 3,32,640 Constn. of Public Water Tank. 3,32,640 3,32,640 Nil 4 4 Neihdawn 36,960 Constn. of Public Urinal. 36,960 36,960 Nil 1 1 1,70,460 Constn. of Public Water Tank. 1,70,460 1,70,460 Nil 3 3 40,000 Constn. of Public Bathroom. 40,000 40,000 Nil 1 1 Tuipui 2,85,800 Constn. of Roadside Market.. 2,85,800 2,85,800 Nil 1 1 55,140 Constn. of Public Urinal. 55,140 55,140 Nil 1 1 4,06,620 Constn. of Public Water Tank. 4,06,620 4,06,620 Nil 3 3 Tualpui 45,180 Constn. Of Public Urinal. 45,180 45,180 Nil 1 1 Total 30,00,000 30,00,000 30,00,000 Nil 25 25

22

WORK PLAN DETAILS

Total Funds Allocated for Watershed work Phase (75%) : Rs. 562.5 Lakhs Total Area to be treated : 5000 Ha.

1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year Total Sl Watershed Development works No. (56%) Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin (in Ha) (in Rs.) (in Ha) (in Rs.) (in Ha) (in Rs.) (in Ha) (in Rs.) (in Ha) (in Rs.) (in Ha) (in Rs.) (a) Afforestation 0 0 20 2,25,000 42.76 4,81,000 42.76 4,81,000 45.60 5,13,000 151.11 17,00,000 (b) Horticulture 0 0 133.33 15,00,000 177.78 20,00,000 177.78 20,00,000 222.22 25,00,000 711.11 80,00,000 (c) Land Development/WRC 0 0 44.44 5,00,000 44.44 5,00,000 44.44 5,00,000 71.11 8,00,000 204.44 23,00,000 (d) Pasture Development 0 0 (e) Others (Half-moon terracing) 0 0 53.33 6,00,000 53.33 6,00,000 71.11 8,00,000 177.77 20,00,000 (f) Soil & Moisture Conservation 0 0 i. Bench terracing 0 0 133.33 15,00,000 266.67 30,00,000 266.67 30,00,000 311.11 35,00,000 977.78 110,00,000 ii. Contour & Graded Bunds 0 0 35.56 4,00,000 71.11 8,00,000 71.11 8,00,000 88.89 10,00,000 266.67 30,00,000 1 iii. Earthen checks 0 0 iv. Gully Plugs/Loose boulders,. 0 0 Etc. (g) Water Harvest Structure 0 0 i. Farm Pond 0 0 44.45 5,00,000 88.89 10,00,000 88.89 10,00,000 88.89 10,00,000 311.11 35,00,000 ii. Rain Water Harvest Structure 0 0 44.45 5,00,000 88.89 10,00,000 88.89 10,00,000 88.89 10,00,000 311.11 35,00,000 iii. Community Water Tank 0 0 44.45 5,00,000 88.89 10,00,000 88.89 10,00,000 133.33 15,00,000 355.56 40,00,000 iv. Others/Gravitational Pipeline 0 0 88.89 10,00,000 88.89 10,00,000 88.89 10,00,000 266.67 30,00,000 Sub Total 0 0 500 56,25,000 1011.64 113,81,000 1011.64 113,81,000 1210.04 136,13,000 3733.33 420,00,000

23

Livelihood Activities for 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year Total Assetless (9%) Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin (in No) (in Rs.) (in No) (in Rs.) (in No) (in Rs.) (in No) (in Rs.) (in No) (in Rs.) (in No) (in Rs.) No. of Beneficiaries on farm 2 0 0 6 1,50,000 10 2,50,000 10 2,50,000 12 3,00,000 38 37,50,000 activities No. of Beneficiaries on off- 0 0 24 6,00,000 80 20,00,000 80 20,00,000 48 12,00,000 232 30,00,000 farm activities Sub Total 0 0 30 7,50,000 90 22,50,000 90 22,50,000 60 15,00,000 270 67,50,000 Production System & Micro

Enterprise (10%) Area/ Beneficiaries on Farm

activities i. Sericulture 0 0 4 1,00,000 13 3,00,000 13 3,00,000 13 3,00,000 43 10,00,000 3 ii. Fisheries 0 0 4 1,00,000 13 3,00,000 13 3,00,000 13 3,00,000 43 10,00,000 iii. Beekeeping 0 0 2 50,000 9 2,00,000 9 2,00,000 9 2,00,000 29 6,50,000 iv. Micro-enterprise 0 0 6 1,25,000 9 2,00,000 9 2,00,000 9 2,00,000 33 7,25,000 v. Poultry 0 0 6 1,25,000 13 3,00,000 13 3,00,000 13 3,00,000 45 10,25,000 vi. Piggery 0 0 9 2,00,000 36 8,00,000 36 8,00,000 36 8,00,000 117 26,00,000 vii. Others 0 0 2 50,000 7 1,50,000 7 1,50,000 7 1,50,000 23 5,00,000 Sub Total 0 0 33 7,50,000 100 22,50,000 100 22,50,000 100 22,50,000 333 75,00,000

Grant Total (1+2+3) 0 71,25,000 158,81,000 158,81,000 173,63,000 562,50,000

* The share of the Project villages in the above allocation will be 36.2%, 18.04%, 12.32%, 18.38%, 15.06% for Khawzawl, Ngaizawl, Neihdawn, Tuipui and Tualpui villages respectively.

24

CONSOLIDATION & WITHDRAWAL PHASE CHAMPHAI DISTRICT: MIZORAM

NAME OF THE PROJECT : CHAMPHAI - III : COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES TARGET ACHIEVEMENT Target Estimated Area Mandas Actual no Name of Activity Area under WDF Treated Estimate Expected no of Expenditure of WDF Village Proposed the Contribu- under Expenditure Beneficiaries incurred Benefic- TOTAL WOMEN Collected activities tion the iaries Ha activity

After completion of the Project, all the common properties within the project area under Watershed Management Works i.e. Gravity pipeline, Open – Irrigation Channel, Water Harvesting Structures should be entered in this table during consolidation phase. Contribution toward Watershed Development Fund which is 5% of the expenditure incurred in that particular area should be collected from the beneficiaries. MIS-TABLE-M(PA) C1

This fund will be utilized for maintenance, repair, renovation of the Assets (CPR) created under the project fund after exit protocol. This MIS-table is an Assets Register of the project; therefore, entry should be correct in all respects.

25 CAPACITY BUILDING INSTITUTIONS IDENTIFIED FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF IWMP IN CHAMPHAI DISTRICT: MIZORAM

Sl.No Name of Institution Type Specialization

1 State Institute of Rural Development State Government Rural Development & Watershed Management Mizoram

2 Extension Training Centre Thingsulthliah, State Government Rural Development & Watershed Management Mizoram

3 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Khawzawl, Central Government Home Science, Animal Husbandry , Agriculture Mizoram and allied subjects

4 Indian Council for Agricultural Research Central Government Agriculture, Horticulture and allied subjects (ICAR) Kolasib, Mizoram

5 Rural – Self Employment Training Institute Central Government Carpentry, Handloom, Knitting, Embroidery, (RSETI) Zemabawk, Mizoarm Handicraft, Shoe repair etc.

6 Industrial Training Institute (ITI), Aizawl. State Government Motor Mechanic, Electrician, Computer Science, Handloom & Handicraft

7 Farmers Training Center, Selesih, Mizoam State Government Livestock farming & Management

8 Weaving Centre, Luangmual. State Government Weaving & Handloom 9 Fish Farmers Training Centre, . State Government Fish Farming

26

INSTITUTIONAL & CAPACITY BUILDING PLAN

NAME OF THE PROJECT : CHAMPHAI - III

Name of Institution & Activities identified Financial Fish Farmers Training Targeted DWCDC R-SETI Zemabawk & Year Sl.N Target Group target in SIRD Kolasib, ETC Centre Lengpui, KVK Beneficiaries Champhai & SLNA ITI Aizawl, Weaving lakhs Thingsulthliah Khawzawl & Farmer Mizoram Centre Luangmual. Training Centre Selesih 1 PIA & WDT 5 0.75 Concept of IWMP 2 Watershed Committee 60 0.50 Concept of IWMP 3 SHG & UG 100 0.50 Concept of IWMP I Mobilization of Resources 4 Beneficiaries 500 2 Concept of IWMP Management & Convergence Sub Total 665 3.75 Skill upgradation & 1 Rural Artisans 150 3.60 Formation of SHG Management of products Skill upgradation and 2 Livestock Farmers 200 3.60 Formation of SHG Animal Husbandry II Gardening & Crop Multiple Cropping & Crop 3 200 3.60 Formation of SHG Production Husbandry Micro Entrepreneurs & Marketing, Skill 4 180 3.60 Formation of SHG Petty Trade upgradation & Skill Formulation of Action development 5 WC, UG, SHG 300 4.35 Formation of SHG Plan Sub Total 1030 18.75 Skill upgradation & Credit Linkage 1 Rural Artisans 60 1.20 Formation of UG Management of Resources Mobilization products Credit Linkage Skill upgradation and 2 Livestock Farmers 120 2.14 Formation of UG Resources Mobilization Animal Husbandry III Gardening & Crop Credit Linkage Multiple Cropping & Crop 3 60 1.20 Formation of UG Production Resources Mobilization Husbandry Credit Linkage Marketing, Skill 4 Micro Entrepreneurs 60 1.20 Formation of UG Resources Mobilization upgradation & Skill Credit Linkage development 5 Petty Trade 60 1.20 Formation of UG Resources Mobilization Sub Total 360 6.94 27 Skill upgradation & Credit Linkage 1 Rural Artisans 50 1.11 Federation Management of Resources Mobilization products Credit Linkage Federation Skill upgradation and 2 Livestock Farmers 30 0.80 Resources Mobilization Animal Husbandry Gardening & Crop Credit Linkage Federation Multiple Cropping & Crop IV 3 30 0.80 Production Resources Mobilization Husbandry Federation Marketing, Skill Credit Linkage 4 Micro Entrepreneurs 30 0.80 upgradation & Skill Resources Mobilization development Credit Linkage Federation 5 Petty Trade 30 0.80 Resources Mobilization Sub Total 170 4.31 Skill upgradation & Credit Linkage 1 Rural Artisans 20 0.60 Management of Resources Mobilization products Credit Linkage Skill upgradation and 2 Livestock Farmers 20 0.60 Resources Mobilization Animal Husbandry Gardening & Crop Credit Linkage Multiple Cropping & Crop 3 20 0.60 Production Resources Mobilization Husbandry V Credit Linkage Marketing, Skill 4 Micro Entrepreneurs 20 0.60 Resources Mobilization upgradation & Skill Credit Linkage development 5 Petty Trade 20 0.60 Resources Mobilization Exit Protocol, PIA & Watershed 6 100 0.75 Consolidation of Project Withdrawal Committee Mechanism Sub Total 200 3.75 GRAND TOTAL 2425 37.50

* The PIA of the Project and Watershed Committee concerned will sponsored trainees to KVK, FTC, R-SETI and ITI Aizawl as per the rate prescribe by the institution

* PIA & WC are advised to arrange training at their locality for handicapped, old aged, widows etc by engaging trainers.

28

BASIC PROFILE OF THE LOCATION

Location of the watershed

Name of the district Champhai Name of the Mandal/Block Khawzawl RD Block. Name of the Gram Khawzawl, Ngaizawl, Name of the habitations Khawzawl, Ngaizawl, Neihdawn, Tuipui, Panchayat (s) Neihdawn, Tuipui, Tualpui.l Tualpui.l

Longitudes 93°11’24” – 93°17’24”E Latitude 23°24’23” – 23°36’13”N Elevation from MSL:

Highest elevation in the 935 Lowest elevation 416 Relief/ Height difference (mt) 519 watershed (above MSL) in the watershed (above MSL)

29 MAPS OF THE PROJECT

30 31 32 33 INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND AGREEMENTS

District Level: At the district level, District Watershed Cell & Data Center (DWCDC) headed by a Project Manager has been constituted by the SLNA which will function as per the guidelines issued by Government of India. The Project Manager will be assisted by 3 to 4 Subject Matter Specialists of different discipline like agriculture, water management social Mobilization, preparation of DPR for implementation of watershed management programme in districts treatable area of more than 25,000 ha on the basis of district perspective and strategic plan prepared by DWCDC.

Project Level: At the project level, the PIA is responsible for implementation of IWMP with the help of WDT members of different disciplines. The PIA will be selected by the DWCDC and will be approved by the SNLA on the basis of criteria laid down in the guidelines.

Micro Watershed Level: At the Micro Watershed level, respective Watershed Committees are to be constituted by Gram Sabhas/traditional village councils. The Watershed Committees are directly responsible for implementation of various schemes as per DPR the Micro Watershed with technical guidance of WDT members. The Watershed Committee will take the help of SHGs of the respective Micro-Watershed while implementing the earmarked schemes.

34 SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE PIA

Strength: (1) Dedicated and experienced staff and a multidisciplinary team (2) Independent and Experienced Organization within the District. (3) Strong linkages with district and local level institutions (4) Scientific planning in watershed projects with the help of MIRSAC, Aizawl (5) Block level monitoring, coordination & Co-operation Committee

Weakness: (1) Lack of experience staff. (2) Lack of knowledge on watershed management amongst the Watershed Committee and User Group. (3) Over-burdened with MGNREGA, SGSY, IAY, BADP and Election matters.

(4) No Experience in Watershed Development Activities. Opportunities: (1) A number of different other development schemes of the government are running; so, there can be horizontal integration and convergence of programmes (2) Better financial provision under IWMP (3) Usage of new ICT tools like GIS, GPS and MIS

Threats: (1) Rainfall is difficult to predict and unreliable in the project area, the activities planned to be taken up may yield limited impact (2) Irregularities in fund flow can derail the smooth functioning (3) Lack of contribution and cooperation from local people (4) Political intervention may hamper the progress.

35 PIA & WATERSHED COMMITTEE DETAILS Name BDO Address Khawzawl WDT Members: 1 2 3 4

WATERSHED COMMITTEES PROVISIONAL WATERSHED COMMITTEE: Khawzawl SL.No Representatives Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President YMA 4 President MHIP 5 PresidentMHIPPresident MUP

WATERSHED COMMITTEE: Ngaizawl SL.No Representatives Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President YMA 4 President MHIP 5 PresidentMHIPPresident MUP

WATERSHED COMMITTEE: Neihdawn SL.No Representatives Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President YMA 4 President MHIP 5 PresidentMHIPPresident MUP

WATERSHED COMMITTEE: Tuipui SL.No Representatives Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President YMA 4 President MHIP 5 PresidentMHIPPresident MUP

WATERSHED COMMITTEE: Tualpui SL.No Representatives Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President YMA 4 President MHIP 5 PresidentMHIPPresident MUP

36 CONVERGENCE PLAN

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Funds to be made Was this fund Level at which Names of Departments Sl Name of the available to IWMP included in Rs. Name of activity/ task/ structure to be undertaken with decision for with Schemes No Village due to convergence 15,000 per ha converged funds convergence converging with IWMP (Rs. In lakh) Yes No was taken$

Fund will be ear MG-NREGA marked for this Connectivity to Potential Area

purpose during No V/C

formulation of AAP Khawzawl, under MG-NREGA.

SHG under SGSY Existing activity will be enhanced with the project fund Block/Village Ngaizawl, SGSY/NRLM and MKSP will be identified, No SGSY, NRLM and MKSP fund. level under IWMP

Neihdawn, 1. Since, the objective of NLUP and IWMP are the 1 same, convergence of the two programmes relating

to financial assistance will be as follows: Tuipui, (a) The Unit Cost or assistance per beneficiary

under NLUP will be Rs.1,00,000 Tualpui approximately.

(b) Unit Cost or assistance per beneficiary under

IWMP is Rs.10950. NLUP WDF & User Implementing charges, Collection (c) Beneficiary under IWMP who received one NLUP No Board & SLNA Centre. Selection of unit of assistance i.e. Rs.10950 will be

Crops. assisted with Rs.89050 under NLUP, and

those who received two unit cost of Rs.21900

under IWMP will get 78100 from NLUP. If the

beneficiaries under IWMP receive three or

more unit cost, the assistance under NLUP

will decreases gradually.

(d) The quantum of assistance to be received

from the two programmes shall not exceed

Rs.100000/- per beneficiary.

37

2. Beneficiaries of NLUP having land in the selected

watershed area will be allowed to enjoy the

facilities provided under IWMP only if the same is

not provided under NLUP. However, to enjoy this

provision, necessary contribution as WDF and user Watershed charges should be contributed by NLUP Committee beneficiaries. level & Village Level 3. Provisions provided under NLUP such as collection centres of local produces, etc. will be share by beneficiaries under IWMP if the local NLUP Committee agreed to. 4. As far as practicable, the beneficiaries under IWMP will be encouraged to select crops introduced under NLUP to ensure one crop-one village theme.

38

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Till today, agriculture in Mizoram has been characterized mainly by Jhuming cultivation, unproductive methods of farming, degradation of land due to slash-and-burn practices and wasteful use of land and water. In short, it can be said that agricultural production in the state of Mizoram is very low due to improper management of land and water received by it. With proper training and sensitization efforts under IWMP, it is expected that the community will slowly but surely be persuaded to adopt permanent farming as a viable, sustainable and more profitable alternative to the shifting method of farming. Further, with the implementation of the programme, a significant amount of the run-off rain water will be harvested and utilized to irrigate cultivated land during the dry season and more areas will be brought under multiple cropping to optimize the usage of cultivable land. Although it may be presumptuous to predict a definite figure of growth in production, it is expected that an average increase of up to 10% in agricultural production will be possible if the watershed projects are successfully implemented.

The major outcomes expected are –

i) More natural sources of water lying untapped will be exploited and harnessed for drinking purposes. Also a number of traditional water bodies which are lying in a state of disrepair will be repaired and revived for use by the community.

ii) Rain water which normally runs off during the monsoons will be harvested in reservoirs and used for irrigation during part of the dry season.

iii) Underutilized, unutilized and ill-utilized natural resources will be efficiently utilized for need based production system to enhance productivity and prosperity in rain fed areas. Over 56% of activities in IWMP will be related to improvement of soil conservation measures, rain water harvesting programmes for all round livelihood improvement of these project areas and identifying the potential areas during the participatory rural appraisal exercise.

iv) 100% involvement of Gram Panchayats will be a direct and immediate outcome, which, in turn, is expected to translate into a larger community

39 participation in watershed management projects, as well as the creation and maintenance of community assets.

v) Cultivation of high value horticultural crops, such as mushrooms, bird eye chilies, turmeric, ginger, broccoli, etc will be encouraged so as to improve the livelihood of farmers of the project areas.

vi) Increase in the production of floricultural plants such as anthurium, roses, lilium and chrysanthemum which have been explored at an experimental level and found to have tremendous commercial potential in the state.

vii) Revival of existing SHGs formed under SGSY and increasing their income potential under the programme will be thrust area within the project areas.

viii) Professionalisation of skills through capacity building.

ix) Rejuvenation of forests and improvement of ecological balance.

x) Reduction in rural-urban migration as a result of permanent farming in rural areas.

xi) Better marketing opportunities through the village haats set up under SGSY.

Overall, these efforts will result in enhancing growth, farm income. Generated employment avenues and reduced poverty of the rural poor and improved productivity of natural resources will have a cascading effect on livelihood and the state’s economy as a whole.

40 EXPECTED /ESTIMATED OUTCOMES

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sl Name of the Unit of Item Pre – project Status Expected Post-project Status Remarks NO Project measurement Depletion during dry Recharge through afforestation Status of water table Metre season and treatment under IWMP Ground water structure repaired/ - - 59 rejuvenated Impure during rainy Quality of drinking water - Pure after project intervention season Availability of drinking water Scarce Sufficient No irrigation facilities 200 Ha will be irrigated by Increase in irrigation potential Ha tapping streams Jhumming & Single Permanent farming & Change in cropping/ land use pattern cropping double/multiple cropping Area under agriculture crop i) Area under single crop Ha 5000 1700 III) Area under double crop Ha 250 2355 CHAMPHAI- 1 IIIi) Area under multiple crop Ha 150 1204 III Net increase in crop production area Ha 1000 5260 Increase in area under vegetation Ha 12800 42000 Increase in area under horticulture Ha 10412 13499 Increase in area under fuel & folder Ha 7513 7371 Increase in milk production Ltr/animal/day 1.5 – 2.5 3.5 – 4.5 No.of SHGs Nos 5 28 Increase in no. of livelihoods Families 126 440 Increase in income Per head p.a 21000 42000 Migration Persons/year 10 - SHG Federations formed No - 3 Credit linkage with Banks No - 28 Resource use agreements No - 10 WDF collection & management Rupees - 766500 Summary of lessons learnt Mass-participation in Government programmes ensured success.

41 MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Monitoring and EVALUATION (M & E)

Monitoring and evaluation are two different management tools that are closely related, interactive and mutually supportive. Monitoring and evaluation enable us to assess the quality and impact of our works against our action plan and our strategic plan. Goals of monitoring: 1. Operational control 2. Quick feedback on project effectiveness 3. Timely alarm signals in the case of significant deviations 4. Ensuring full benefits to the target groups 5. Providing inputs for better design of development interventions, project planning and community mobilization. Evaluation is the comparison of actual project impacts against the agreed strategic plans.

Goals of evaluation: 1. To assess the impact of the programmes and identify bottlenecks in implementation 2. To improve effectiveness of policies and programmes. At the district level, the DWCDC will have one member exclusively responsible.

For effective monitoring, the role of the SLNA is critical in ensuring the following:-

i) Internal monitoring by project teams (PIA/ DWDC) ii) Progress monitoring iii) GIS / Web based on line monitoring iv) Self monitoring by committees v) Sustainability monitoring vi) Social audits.

There will be a panel of evaluators approved by the SLNA. The evaluators will oversee the physical, financial and social impact of the work done. They should not act as inspectors but as facilitators. However, they will very strict in ensuring that guidelines are being followed. Fund release will depend upon on a favourable report from the evaluators.

Social audits will form an important component of the evaluation system. Social audits will be held once every six months. The minutes of the Social Audits will be compiled by the District Watershed Cell & Data Centre and necessary action will be taken by the DWC&DC and will also be forwarded to the SLNA. The SLNA will hold an assessment meeting subsequent to the submission of every such report, and decide the follow up action that is required to be taken.

42 PLAN AND ESTIMATES FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES

ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF LOW COST DUG OUT POND

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in – b) Hard soil ½ x 2.80 x 2.80 x 2.78 = 9.73 cum 2.50 x 1.80 x 0.90 = 4.05 cum TOTAL = Rs.13.78 cum

(a) Rs.75.51/cum = Rs.1040.52

2/ 4.02 providing and laying cement concrete 1:2:4 etc

(a) All works up to foundation and plinth level

2.60 x 1.80 x 0.15 = 0.702 cum

(a) Rs.4270.23 = Rs.2997.70

3/ 6.01 half brick masonry with first class brick above and ground level etc.

(a) In cement mortar 1:3

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 sqm

TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.567.99 / sqm = Rs.5861.65

4/ 18.09 12mm cement plaster

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm cum 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 cum

1 TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.129.80 = Rs.1339.53

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11239.40 SAY = Rs.11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.

43 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PIG STY

1/ 2.08 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc. b) Hard soil

½ x 2.40 x 0.28 x 3.60 = 3.24 cum 6 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.90 = 0.486 cum TOTAL = 3.72 cum

(a) Rs.147.24/ cum = Rs.547.73 cum

2/ 8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round posts and fix in position etc.

6 x 1.50 = 9.00 Rm

(a) Rs.199.44/ Rm = Rs.1794.96

3/ 8.04 providing 2nd class local wood work dressed in frames of sill, upright, batten, post, beams etc. as structural members fixed in position complete.

6 x 0.10 x 0.075 x 1.50 = 0.0675 cum 4 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.054 cum 6 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.054 cum 5 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 4.20 = 0.078 cum 20 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.18 cum 8 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.048 cum

TOTAL = 0.4815 cum

(a) Rs.9885.78/ cum = Rs.4760.00

4/ 14.01 providing CGS sheet roofing fixed with hooks, bolts, nut etc. e) 0.63 mm thick with zinc coating.

4.50 x 3.20 = 14.40 sqm

(a) Rs.287.91/ sqm = Rs.4145.90

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11248.59 SAY = Rs.11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.

44 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF STEEL WIRE MESH FOR CLIMBERS ie –chow chow, grape, passion fruit etc.

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc. b) Hard soil 20 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.75 = 2.83 cum

(a) Rs.205.02/ cum = Rs. 580.20

2/8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round post and fixed in position.

20 x 1.20 = 24.00 Rm

(a) Rs.199.44/Rm = Rs.4786.56

3. Providing and fixing 4mm dia GI wire, fixed with necessary hooks, nails in position etc complete

30 x 16.00 = 480 Rm 40 x 17.50 = 700.00 Rm

TOTAL = 1180 Rm

(a) Rs.5.00/ Rm = Rs.5900.00

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11266.76 SAY = Rs. 11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only

45 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TERRACE

Length of terrace = 12.60 metres Width of terrace = 1.20 metres Nos. of terrace = 20 nos.

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in- b) Hard soil

20 x ½ x1.20 x 0.985 x 12.60 = 148.932

(a) Rs.75.51/cum = Rs.11245.85

SAY = Rs.11280.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred eighty ) only

46 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF CHICKEN SHED

1/ 2.08 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc b) Hard soil 6 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.85 = 0.459 cum ½ x 2.40 x 0.75 x 3.60 = 3.24 cum TOTAL = 3.699 cum

(a) Rs.147.24/ cum = Rs. 544.64 cum

2/ 8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round posts and fix in position etc.

6 x 1.50 = 9.00 Rm

(a) Rs.199.44/ Rm = Rs.1794.96

3/8.04 providing 2nd class local wood work dressed in frames of sill, upright, batten, post, beams etc. as structural members fixed in position complete.

6 x 0.10 x 0.075 x 1.50 = 0.0675 cum 8 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.048 cum 20 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.18 cum 4 x 0.75 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.054 cum 6 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.054 cum 5 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 4.20 = 0.078 cum TOTAL = 0.4815 cum

(a) Rs. 9885.78/ cum = Rs.4760.00

4/14.01 providing CGS sheet roofing fixed with hooks, bolts, nut etc e) 0.63 mm thick with zinc coating

3.20 x 4.50 = 14.40 sqm

(a) Rs.287.91/ sqm = Rs.4145.90

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11245.13 SAY = Rs.11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.

47 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF INDIVIDUAL WATER TANK

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in- b) Hard soil ½ x 3.935 x 2.50 x 2.80 = 13.77 cum

(a) Rs.75.51/ cum = Rs.1039.77

2/ 4.02 providing and laying cement concrete 1:2:4 etc. a) all works up to foundation and plinth level

2.60 x 1.80 x 0.15 = 0.702 cum

(a) Rs.4270.23 = Rs.2997.70

3/6.01 half brick masonry with first class brick above and ground level etc. a) In cement mortar 1:3

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 sqm TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.567.99/sqm = Rs.5861.65

4/ 18.09 12mm cement plaster

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm cum 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 cum

1 TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.129.80 = Rs.1339.53

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11238.66 SAY = Rs.11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only

48 DRAWING FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES

HEART WOOD POST

30 M

40 M

GI WIRE

49

PLAN AND DRAWING FOR PIG STY

SPACE FOR PIC HEART WOOD POST 1.20 X 1.80 2.40 m

3.60m

PLAN

GCI SHEET ROOF

0.90m

1.20 m

1.20 m

0.60 m

0.90 m

FRONT ELEVATION

50 PLAN AND DRAWING FOR INDIVIDUAL WATER TANK

1.80 m

BRICK WALL

1.20 m BRICK WALL

2.50 m

51 PLAN AND DRAWING FOR CHICKEN SHED

HEART WOOD POST

SPACE FOR CHICKEN 2.40 m

3.60 m

PLAN GCI SHEET ROOFING

1.20 m

0.90 m G.L

0.90 m

FRONT ELEVATION

52

DRAWING FOR LOW COST DUG-OUT POND

1.80 m

2.50 m

PLAN

G.L

BRICK WALL 1.20 m

PCC 1:2:4

ELEVATION

53 PLAN AND DRAWING FOR TERRACE

TERRACE 1.20 12.60 X 1.20

0.30

12.60 m

HILL SLOBE

TERRACE

CROSS SECTION

54 MICRO-WATERSHED WORK PLAN FOR ONE CLUSTER AREA UNDER IWMP

I- TIER. RIDGE

AREA

AFFORESTATION + REGERATOPM + CONTOUR SUNDS + CONSTRUCTION OF WATER BODIES – TO CHARGE WATER SOURCES

II- TIER Ephemeral HORTICULTURE Streams

CROP AREA become Perenial

SPECIFIED SPACING + WATER SUPPLY WITH CROPS IN TERRACING, HALF MOON TERRACE ETC.

III – TIER AGRICULTURE CROP AREA

AGRICULTURE CROPS, PISCICULTURE WITH REGULAR WATER SOURCES, (MULTIPLE CROPS WILL BE INTRODUCED.)

RIVER / RIVULETS

55 56

57