Weedon Bec Conservation

Area Appraisal and

Management Plan

Consultation Draft September 2017 Contents 7.2.1 Views ...... 21 1 Introduction ...... 4 7.2.2 Open Spaces ...... 24

1.1 Why has this document been 7.2.3 Trees and Hedges ...... 25 produced? ...... 4 7.2.5 Scale and Massing ...... 26

1.2 What status will this 7.2.6 Public Realm...... 27 document have? ...... 4 7.2.7 Footpaths...... 27 1.3 How do I comment on this 7.3 Architectural Analysis ...... 28 document? ...... 4 7.3.1 Building age, type and style ...... 28 1.4 How is this document structured? ...... 4 7.3.2 Materials ...... 29 2 Policy and Legislative Context ...... 6 7.3.4 Windows ...... 33 2.1 What is a conservation area? ...... 6 7.4 Positive Buildings ...... 35 2.2 Why do we need 7.5 Local List Candidates ...... 35 conservation areas? ...... 6 8 Upper Weedon Character Area ...... 36 2.3 What does it mean to live and work within a conservation area? ...... 6 8.1 Overview ...... 36

3 Introduction to Weedon Bec 8.2 Spatial Analysis ...... 37 Conservation Area ...... 7 8.2.1 Views ...... 37 3.1 Location ...... 7 8.2.2 Open Spaces ...... 40 3.2 Significance and Designations...... 7 8.2.3 Trees and hedgerows ...... 40 4 Geology and Topography ...... 10 8.2.4 Walls ...... 42 4.1 Geology ...... 10 8.2.5 Scale and Massing ...... 43

4.2 Topography ...... 10 8.2.6 Public Realm...... 44

5 Historic Development ...... 11 8.2.7 Footpaths...... 44 5.1 Historic Mapping ...... 11 8.3 Architectural Analysis ...... 45 5.2 History ...... 16 8.3.1 Building age, type and style ...... 45 5.2.1 Prehistory, Saxon and Roman .. 16 8.3.2 Materials ...... 46 5.2.2 Medieval ...... 16 8.3.3 Roofs, Gables and Chimneys ....48

5.2.3 16th and 17th centuries...... 16 8.3.4 Windows ...... 49

5.2.4 18th and 19th centuries...... 17 8.3.5 Doors, Entranceways

5.2.5 20th and 21st centuries ...... 17 and Porches ...... 50

6 Character Areas ...... 19 8.4 Positive Buildings ...... 51

7 Lower Weedon Character Area ...... 20 8.5 Local List Candidates ...... 51

7.1 Overview ...... 21 9 Road Weedon Character Area ...... 52

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9.1 Overview ...... 52 11.1.1 Opportunities for Enhancement Map ...... 74 9.2 Spatial Analysis ...... 53 11.2 Article 4 Directions ...... 75 9.2.1 Views...... 53 11.3 Proposed Boundary ...... 75 9.2.2 Trees and hedges ...... 55 11.4 Proposals Map ...... 77 9.2.4 Walls...... 56 12 Management Plan ...... 78 9.2.5 Scale and massing ...... 56 12.1 Planning Controls ...... 78 9.2.6 Public realm ...... 56 12.2 Threats and Recommendations ...... 78 9.2.7 Footpaths ...... 57

9.3 Architectural Analysis ...... 58 Sources ...... 82 9.3.1 Building age, type and style ...... 58 Internet Sources ...... 82 9.3.2 Materials ...... 59 Further Information ...... 82 9.3.3 Roofs, Gables and Chimneys .... 61 Copyright ...... 82 9.3.4 Windows ...... 63

9.3.5 Doors, Entranceways and Porches ...... 64

9.4 Positive Buildings ...... 65

9.5 Local List Candidates ...... 65

10 Design Guidance ...... 69

10.1 Alterations and Extensions ...... 69

10.2 Scale ...... 69

10.3 Materials ...... 69

10.4 Detailing ...... 70

10.5 Windows ...... 70

10.6 Doors and Porches ...... 70

10.7 Roofing ...... 71

10.8 Setting ...... 71

10.9 Public Realm ...... 71

10.10 Shopfronts ...... 71

10.10.1 Shopfront elements glossary: ...... 72

11 Opportunities and Proposals ...... 73

11.1 Opportunities for Enhancement...... 73

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1 Introduction

1.1 Why has this document been produced? 1.3 How do I comment on this document?

Daventry District Council is currently undertaking Any comments on this document or the proposed reviews of existing conservation areas within the conservation area designation should be made in District, and as part of this programme is th assessing the designation of new conservation writing no later than Monday 30 October at 5pm areas where appropriate. (late representations will not be accepted).

Comments can be made: Weedon Bec does not currently have its own conservation area, although the existing Grand by completing a questionnaire which can be accessed Union Canal Conservation Area bisects the via the website parish. As such this appraisal provides the first www.daventrydc.gov.uk/ConservationAreas opportunity to assess the special architectural and historic interest of the wider settlement of by email to [email protected] Weedon Bec. by letter to Rhian Morgan, Heritage Policy Officer,

Daventry District Council, Lodge Road, Daventry, This document has been produced to identify regions which merit designation within a NN11 4FP. conservation area. It is published here in draft form alongside the proposed boundaries of the 1.4 How is this document structured? conservation area for consultation purposes. A public exhibition has also been held to inform A general explanation of the background to and this draft document. Advice on how to comment implications of conservation areas is provided at is set out in section 1.3 below. Section 2. The area of study for this appraisal and a brief summary of the significance of Weedon Bec and the proposed conservation 1.2 What status will this document area boundaries is given at Section 3, alongside have? a description of its location within the district and existing statutory designations. An overview of

the geology and topography of the area is It is intended that following consultation this provided at Section 4 and an assessment of the document will be adopted as a Supplementary historical development of Weedon Bec in Planning Document, as such it will be a material Section 5. planning consideration in the determination of future planning applications.

Figure 1 Previous page: Images of Weedon. Source:

Daventry District Council. 4

Section 6 considers in more detail the proposed conservation area and the three distinct character areas which have been identified and assessed as part of this appraisal; Lower Weedon, Upper Weedon and Road Weedon. Sections 7, 8 and 9 evaluate the spatial and architectural features of each of these character areas respectively. For each character area a map has been provided showing statutory listed buildings and proposed candidates for the Daventry District Council Local List of buildings of special architectural or historic interest. Non- designated buildings which are not candidates for the Local List but make a positive contribution to the area are also shown on these maps.

Section 10 provides design guidance for future development based on the evaluations at Sections 3-9.

Section 11 suggests areas for enhancement and includes proposals for Article 4 Directions.

A final Proposals Map summarising the proposed conservation area boundaries and candidates for the Local List across the whole conservation area can be found at Fig. 109.

Finally, Section 12, the Management Plan, details threats to the special character of the area and gives recommendation policies for its preservation and enhancement.

Figure 2 Above: finger post, Upper Weedon. Below: end of terraced house with interesting, simple 20th century porch detailing. Source: Daventry District Council.

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 2 Policy and Legislative ensuring new development makes a positive contribution to local Context distinctiveness;  encouraging the sustainable use of the historic environment.

2.1 What is a conservation area? Daventry District Council must also outline and implement strategies for the enhancement of these areas. Historic England’s latest guidance, defines a Daventry District Council supports this legislation conservation area as an area which has special in its current Corporate Strategic Plan 2014-2017. architectural or historical merit. This may be due Priority E4 to “Preserve the District’s Heritage” to a high number of designated assets, evidence outlines measure E4.2 to carry out “more of past industry or preserved historic settlement, conservation area appraisals” in order to suitably particularly strong character features, or areas preserve and enhance historic settlements. with high quality special elements, such as Planning decisions will be made in accordance historic parks.1 with any other material planning considerations These non-exhaustive aspects contribute to the which will include this appraisal should it be significance of an area, which can be protected, adopted. maintained and enhanced by designation as a conservation area.

2.3 What does it mean to live and

2.2 Why do we need conservation work within a conservation area? areas? A conservation area has specific boundaries

within which there are controls on works carried Conservation areas protect our nation’s distinct, out which may affect the significance and local heritage. setting of the space. In accordance with Section 69 of the 1990 Designation gives Daventry District Council Planning (Listed Building and Conservation more control over minor works, such as the Areas) Act, Daventry District Council has an alteration or demolition of buildings, listed and obligation to designate areas of special unlisted, as well as works to trees. This means architectural or historic interest, and to that planning permission and Listed Building undertake appraisals and reviews. Consent may be required for any proposed The NPPF (2012) also requires Daventry District works, and advice should always be sought from Council to provide a positive strategy for the Daventry District Council before any action is conservation, allowing for the following; taken.

These forms of protection also create the wider  the understanding of the significance of opportunity for more strategic development, and heritage assets; are usually thought of as beneficial by users as they can increase the value of property and land.

1 1 Historic England is a statutory consultee. Their most recent guidance Conservation Area Designation, Appraisal and Management was published in 2016.

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3 Introduction to Weedon

Bec Conservation Area

3.1 Location 3.2 Significance and Designations

Weedon Bec Parish is located 8 miles west of Conservation areas are designated by Local Northampton, 5 miles south east of Daventry Planning Authorities based on an evaluation of and 8 miles north of Towcester. The scattered an area’s significance, using guidance published parish is made up of the 2 ancient settlements of by the statutory consultee for heritage matters, Upper Weedon and Lower Weedon, together Historic England. Historic England defines with Road Weedon, and extends to almost 3 significance thus: square miles/816 hectares. The village is part of the Weedon Bec Ward. “the value of a heritage asset to this and future

generations because of its heritage interest. That Located at the junction of a number of important interest may be archaeological, architectural, historic transport links, Weedon Bec can be artistic, or historic. Significance derives not only reached from Daventry in the west and from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but Northampton in east the along the A45, currently also from its setting.” a busy road but soon to be restricted to local P72 Conservation Principles, Policies and traffic upon completion of the Daventry Guidance, 2008 Development Link Road in 2018. Weedon Bec may also be accessed by the Roman road of The appraisal has found that the significance of Watling Street, later part of Thomas Telford’s Weedon Bec can be summarised as the London to Holyhead Road, now the A5, which following: runs north to south through Weedon Bec. The

Grand Union Canal and the what is now the  Rural location and setting within the Upper West Coast Main Line lie at the eastern side of Nene Catchment and Watford Gap Area, the village, with other modern links in close facilitating the development of transport proximity at Junction 16 of the M1 (1½ miles to links since ancient times. the east), and train stations at Northampton and  Continuous agricultural occupation from Long Buckby. prehistory through to the development of the

first Anglo-Saxon settlement of Weoh-dun.  The retention of the historic street pattern and connectivity via footpaths.  Evidence of the evolution of the medieval farming economy based around Upper Weedon.  The growth of Lower Weedon and Road Weedon as a response to the arrival of the Royal Ordnance Depot in the early 19th

century.

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 The quality of the architectural and historic character produced through the consistent use of local ironstone and brick.  Extensive views across the valley maintaining the visual link with the agricultural setting.  Continued dominance of the canal corridor and railway within the immediate setting of the historic core of the settlement.

Existing statutory designations also enhance the significance of Weedon Bec. This includes 50 buildings listed at grade II or above, with the church of St Peter and St Pauls and many of the structures at the Depot being listed at grade II*.

The Royal Ordnance Depot has its own inherent character due to its formal design as a self- contained site. It is given statutory protection through the listing at grade II* of the majority of the built structures, and has a dedicated conservation plan which steers development. It also has policy protection through the Joint Core Strategy and any other relevant development plan policies. Inclusion within the proposed conservation area would not give the Depot any further protection. For this reason the Depot is not included in the proposed conservation area, but its role within the development of the rest of the settlement is recognised in this appraisal. The map at Fig.3 shows the area of study for this appraisal, the proposed conservation area boundaries and statutory listed buildings.

The areas proposed for designation, shaded in light orange on the map at Fig.3, correspond to the character areas for Upper Weedon, Lower Weedon and Road Weedon, discussed in more detail at Section 6, 7, 8 and 9

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Figure 3 Map of Weedon Bec showing the area of study, listed buildings and the proposed conservation area designations. © Crown copyright and database rights 2017 Ordnance Survey 100023735.

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4 Geology and Topography

4.1 Geology

4.2 Topography Weedon Bec lies within Northamptonshire’s Upper Nene Catchment and Watford Gap Area. Weedon Bec was originally three separate The three settlements of Weedon Bec sit on Lias settlements, all lying within the broad, gentle Clay in the lower lying areas, with clay and valley of the River Nene. The scale of the valley is Marlstone between 120m and 150m OD to the indicative of a far larger ancient water course; south and north, with glacial deposits to the the tributary which flows through the village is north. Both Marlstone and Ironstone are today much reduced. The contour ridges to the commonly used materials in the parish, north and south of the valley are prominent contributing to the local vernacular. topographical features which frame the The clay deposits and local infrastructure have landscape and offer significant views of the made Weedon a natural location for brick fields, three settlements in a coherent group. The with several being identified on historic maps, undulating landscape is most significant at the leading to the ready availability of local brick for lower fringes of the ridges, which are building. The source of the River Nene lies 4 characterised by steep inclines. miles to the west, at Arbury Hill, the county’s highest point. Old Mill Race, a tributary of the Extensive ridge and furrow remains to the south River Nene, joins the River Nene immediately of Weedon Bec on the slopes of Weedon Hill, south of Weedon Bec before it flows east and great characterises the agricultural nature of towards Northampton. the area.

Figure 4 Map showing10 the geology of Weedon Bec. © Crown copyright and database rights 2017 Ordnance Survey 100023735.

5 Historic Development

5.1 Historic Mapping

Historic mapping aids in identifying areas which have retained their historic form, street pattern and buildings. It also helps to date existing buildings and assess candidates for the Local List.

Ordnance Survey mapping from the 19th and 20th centuries shows the development of Weedon Bec. This mapping, shown below at Figs. 6-9 pages 11-14, gives a clear indication of the coalescence which has taken place to link the three separate hamlets over the last two centuries to form the single settlement of Weedon Bec.

Despite this merging, each character area has developed with its own identify. The dominance of the Royal Ordnance Depot is highlighted in the maps, and the relative isolation of Upper Weedon explains its predominantly rural character.

The full impression of the scale and proximity of the railway line and canal, which is not always apparent within the village due to topography, is clearly shown on the maps. The amenity of road links such as Watling Street, later Thomas Figure 5 Top: boot scraper, Upper Weedon; below: Telford’s London to Holyhead Road and the A45 segmented brick arch detail, Lower Weedon. turnpike is also clear from the mapping. Source: Daventry District Council.

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Figure 6 Ordnance Survey map of Weedon Bec 1843-1893. © Crown copyright and database rights 2017 Ordnance Survey 100023735.

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Figure 7 Ordnance Survey map of Weedon Bec 1891-1912. © Crown copyright and database rights 2017 Ordnance Survey 100023735.

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Figure 8 Ordnance Survey map of Weedon Bec 1904-1939. © Crown copyright and database rights 2017 Ordnance Survey 100023735.

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Figure 9 Map of Weedon Bec 2017, showing the coalescence of the settlement. © Crown copyright and database rights 2017 Ordnance Survey 100023735.

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5.2 History

5.2.1 Prehistory, Saxon and Roman 5.2.2 Medieval

Earliest evidence of settlement exists in records A medieval hollow ways lie to the south of Upper of worked flints found in the village, although Weedon, linking the settlement to the exact locations are unclear, as well as Farthingstone Road. Traces of the settlement’s cropmarks reported further east. More easily agricultural past can be seen in surviving ridge identifiable is the Roman road of Watling Street, and furrow, particularly to the south and west of that passed Weedon along the route of the the settlement. Until amalgamation into a single present A5, with the settlement of Bannaventa unit in 1625, Upper Weedon and Lower Weedon lying slightly to the north. Overseers undertook organisation of the Open

In 680AD, an Anglo-Saxon nunnery was founded fields. by Werburgh, daughter of Wulfrere, King of The connection with the Abbey of Le-Bec was Mercia. According to the fable of the geese, severed in 1414 when King Henry V ordered Werburgh, who was very devoted and whose ‘alien priories’ to be taken over and income shrine at Chester remained a place of pilgrimage transferred to the crown. After a short tenure by until the Reformation, was told of damage being Humphrey, Earl of Stafford, the Manor came into done to crops around Weedon by geese feeding the possession of the Provost and Fellows of the in the fields. She is reputed to have called the newly formed Eton College, who remained as geese to her, told them to leave and not return, Lords of Manor until 1920s. which no goose has done to this day. Weedon appears in the Anglo-Saxon Charter of 944AD. 5.2.3 16th and 17th centuries

Following the Norman Conquest, the Manor of During the 16th and 17th centuries, Weedon’s Weedon appears in the Doomsday Book in the gradual development was based around Hundred of Gravesend. Soon afterwards, it was agriculture, with larger farm houses appearing in given to the Abbey of Le Bec-Hellouin in France, Upper Weedon. Concentrations of Weedon’s allowing the Abbey to draw rent from the Manor. oldest properties survive on Church Street and The village church of St Peter and St Paul was West Street, Lower Weedon and spread through built close to the site of the earlier nunnery, Upper Weedon. Prominent examples are 4-6 reputedly burnt down by the Danes in the 9th Church Street and Fernhollow Farm, the designs century. The original 1150AD church bell tower of which denote late medieval origins.2 Others remains; rebuilding work was undertaken in the include The Old Bakehouse, Church Street 1400s and again more extensively in the 19th (C16), Ivydene, 37 West Street, The Mullions, century. Dairy Farmhouse, The Firs and 9 Queen Street (all C17). The Priory in Upper Weedon, later a

2 Historic England, 2017.

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farmhouse, has a 15th century range to the rear, Paul was largely rebuilt in 1825 to accommodate with later additions. Many of these early these new military parishioners. properties were incorporated into the tight built With the arrival of the London to Birmingham form in Lower Weedon as it later developed as a Railway in 1838, a third important transport link village centre, whereas in Upper Weedon, they was added. This facilitated use of the Depot as were largely left detached in sizable plots, due to a barracks (1835-45) and military prison (1845- area’s agricultural focus. 70). As well as housing rotating regiments of

5.2.4 18th and 19th centuries infantry and cavalry, the Depot had permanent military staff, many of whom married and settled A school was founded and endowed by local locally. The village school was rebuilt in the vintner Nathaniel Bliss in 1712, with his nephew 1860s and within a decade included a girls’ Nathaniel Billing as Master, to provide basic school and infants section. education for 20 poor boys born in the parish. The railway track was raised over the canal in Enclosure of the Common fields occurred in 1888 and the station building relocated to the 1777, but the greatest changes to the settlement north side of High Street, Road Weedon. came during the 18th and 19th centuries with improved transport links. The Old Stratford to 5.2.5 20th and 21st centuries Dunchurch Turnpike arrived following an Act of Parliament in 1706, with coaching houses The Depot played a crucial role supplying growing up around Road Weedon to serve uniform and ordnance during the Boer War and passing travellers crossing Watling Street. both World Wars. There are several memorial Lower Weedon also developed rapidly at the plaques within the church commemorating local

th end of the 18 century, with the Congregational soldiers who lost their lives in these conflicts. Church and the Plume of Feathers public house More names are listed on the village war both built in 1792. memorial, located within the cemetery on Church Street, which also contains seven By 1796, the Grand Junction Canal had opened, Commonwealth War Graves Commission designed as a link to transport manufactured graves. Between the two World Wars, the goods from the Midlands to London. With a few barracks became the home of a number of years and in response to the fear of invasion specialist units, including the Army School of during the Napoleonic Wars, the government Equitation (1922-56), the machine gun section had purchased land totalling 150 acres for (1925) and the Army Bicycle Section (1930). The construction of a Royal Ordnance Depot to the Depot finally closed in 1965. west of the canal. The large Depot site shaped development at Lower Weedon from its The railway station closed in 1958. However, the inception in 1815 and benefitted from its own canal remains open and is an important part of canal arm with portcullis. A Wesleyan chapel the national network for leisure craft and was built in Lower Weedon in 1810, and narrowboats, with Weedon Wharf lying to the commercial premises and public houses south east of Lower Weedon. proliferated, serving officers and men from the nearby Depot. The church of St Peter and St 17

In 1973, the village school relocated to West The map below at Fig.10 shows some of the Street, although the close of modern houses that archaeological sites explored in Weedon Bec. stands on the original site is named Billing More detailed information on these can be found School Place, in honour of the original Master. within the Northamptonshire Historic Environment Record. Major housing development occurred within the settlement in the early to mid-twentieth century, physically linking the areas of Lower and Upper

Weedon. Much local authority housing was built to the east of Upper Weedon, with private residential estates fringing the west and south of Lower Weedon.

Road Weedon has largely retained its original form. Some late 20th century and early 21st century development has occurred to the south at Eton Close, which stands as a reminder of the former land owners.

Figure 10 Map of archaeology finds in the parish. © Crown copyright and database rights 2017 Ordnance Survey 100023735.

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6 Character Areas

Due to their differing characters they require The settlement of Weedon Bec has three distinct individual analysis to highlight the contributing character areas which have been recognised features of each area. Each area has been within this appraisal. Character Areas are areas assessed in terms of its spatial quality and which display a specific architectural or spatial architectural character in the following sections, quality, whether this be through individual beginning with Lower Weedon, then Upper building materials, the scale and massing of the Weedon and finally Road Weedon. Three built environment or the impact of prevalent land separate areas of designation have been uses. Character areas may either be adjacent proposed to reflect each of these character portions of a single designated conservation areas. Despite not being physically connected, if area, or form separate islands. adopted they will together form a single wider The three character areas which have been “Weedon Bec Conservation Area”. identified in Weedon Bec are Lower Weedon, The map below at Fig. 10 shows the three Upper Weedon and Road Weedon. These character areas and there location within the settlements have developed alongside each wider area of Weedon Bec. other and only became physically connected by the built environment in the 20th century.

Figure 11 Map showing the character areas within the Weedon Bec Conservation Area. © Crown copyright and database 19rights 2017 Ordnance Survey 100023735.

7 Lower Weedon Character

Area

Figure 12 Lower Weedon Character Area, proposed conservation area. © Crown copyright and database rights 2017 Ordnance Survey 100023735.

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7.1 Overview

Lower Weedon sits within the basin at the foot of Since the advent of the Royal Ordnance Depot, Weedon Hill, which naturally encloses views Lower Weedon has developed from a diminutive within the settlement. Internal views in Lower farming settlement to an urban village centre. Its Weedon are channelled by the strong building tight historic core is focused around the line, particularly on Church Street. The circular important central crossroads which links historic road plan allows for glimpsed views from routes through all directions. Its agricultural links Church Street to historic properties on South are maintained by the use of land directly to the Street and vice versa, creating variety and visual south and north west of the settlement, including interest. Short views often focus on key listed the survival of some significant ridge and furrow. buildings, such as No.8 Church Street looking

north, No.23 Church Street looking south and The presence of the Depot was an important No.19 and the Chapel looking west. factor in the development of Weedon Bec and Important views of the church are glimpsed influenced its character. It dominates the land to below the railway viaduct, which dominates the north of the River Nene tributary. views to the east. These views open up onto the church, which lies in shaded woodland. Views 7.2 Spatial Analysis here are also characterised by the vertical emphasis created by the differing levels of The following section analyses spatial features historic infrastructure, namely the viaduct and which contribute to the character of Lower canal corridor. This is variant from the rest of the Weedon, including significant walls, trees and settlement where views are often channelled in open spaces, as well as the scale and massing a horizontal, linear fashion. of the built environment and the impact of the The railway and canal tunnels restrict views public realm and connectivity through footpaths. which open out to the east across the rural landscape in the direction of Flore.

7.2.1 Views At the central crossroads of Church Street with Bridge Street views are entirely enclosed by the The entirety of Weedon Bec is visible within the continuous built form. landscape setting from the top of Weedon Hill to the south of the settlement. Travelling north The urban grain in Lower Weedon is tight, along Farthingstone Road towards Lower particularly at the centre of the historic core. Weedon, expansive vistas gradually become Views north up Bridge Street are initially channelled by roadside hedgerows and mature enclosed by the trees lining the River Nene and planting. Extensive views of ridge and furrow the strong building line. This then opens out into remain either side of the highway. steep views channelled along the wide road to The built environment of Lower Weedon the Depot by later building and mature planting emerges with a long view along New Street of in surrounding gardens. the mixture of red brick gables and ridgelines. Looking north west, views along the public No.1 Church Street is a distant focal point on footpath at the end of West Street are panoramic entering the settlement. across the valley, terminating on the hillside South Street branches east, where expansive where traffic along the A45 can be glimpsed. views outwards to the south are filled by open pastureland, punctuated by hedgerows and trees which create layering.

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Long views to the Depot and the land directly to the south are particularly important from Lower Weedon to maintain the visual connection between the settlement and the military development. The Depot sits in a prominent, raised position to the north of the village, and dominates views from the western fringes of the settlement. Within Lower Weedon, views of the Depot are limited to glimpses by the strong building line and mature planting, but become steadily more apparent further along West Street, owing to the single storey height of 20th century development. Figure 15 Short, enclosed view down Church Street.

Figure 13 Short view along Bridge Street.

Figure 16 Long view westwards along South Street.

Figure 14 Enclosed view beneath the viaduct towards Figure 17 Long, layered view southwards across fields the church. from South Street.

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Figure 21 Long view of the crossroads along West Figure 18 Long view north into the village along New Street. Street.

Figure 19 Long, winding view along Farthingstone Figure 22 View north along New Street towards the Road, out of the village. Plume of Feathers Pub.

Figure 20 Long view across ridge and furrow to the east of New Street.

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7.2.2 Open Spaces

The space previously used as orchards to the The surrounding rural and historic landscapes rear of the One Stop Shop is still retained as an contribute to the essential character and setting open space. of Lower Weedon. Many of the fields around the The elevated canal corridor of the Grand Union settlement exhibit strong remains of ridge and Canal is intrinsically linked to the development of furrow workings, which contribute to their visual Lower Weedon, and is designated as a separate and historic interest (Fig.18). The pastureland conservation area. Despite being a separate directly to the south of the settlement maintains designation, its character and form contribute the visual connection with Lower Weedon’s both to the historic interest and visual amenity of farming heritage, enhancing its character the Lower Weedon conservation area. (Fig.15). The broad swathe of land immediately south of the Depot pertains to the history of the barracks, previously used for exercising cavalry horses. It has the potential to yield further archaeology, and maintains the visual connection of Lower Weedon with the barracks complex. The settlement of the Lower Weedon grew rapidly with the advent of the barracks at the start of the 19th century, resulting in a transition from mainly agricultural to more commercial activities. The built form reflects this, as do the designed open spaces.

th The late 19 century cemetery is the most Figure 23 Open agricultural land surrounds the village formally designed green space in the settlement, and provides its rural setting. juxtaposed to the rural setting. St Peter’s Church yard is a traditionally secluded green space which contrasts to the open feeling of surrounding fields. Mature trees pepper the site, which is now set between the raised bank of the canal corridor and the imposing railway viaduct.

Two allotments exist in Lower Weedon, one to the west of Bridge Street and one immediately north of the churchyard, performing an important local function and adding variety to the character of local green spaces. Historically the allotment gardens in Lower Weedon were located on what is now the Jubilee Field.

Jubilee Field itself is one of two public open spaces in Lower Weedon, the other being the

Recreation Ground to the rear of the community centre. The formality of these spaces reflects the more urban character and function of the centre of Lower Weedon, as compared to the more agricultural Upper Weedon.

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7.2.3 Trees and Hedges

At the time of survey there are ten Tree Preservation Orders (TPOs) and one TPO group in Lower Weedon. The TPOs generally sit in the east and south of the historic core. Three significant TPO broadleaf trees create secluded character to the rear of No.8 South Street down a narrow grassy track. The broadleaf TPO group lies to the east of this forming part of a larger grove enclosing the churchyard up to the canal. This is formed of mainly Ash and Sycamore varieties. Strong tree belts follow the path of the River Nene tributary Figure 24 Many approaches to Lower Weedon, such to the north of Lower Weedon, creating a green visual buffer between the Royal Ordnance Depot as beneath the viaduct, have a secluded feel due to and the main body of the historic core on Bridge the presence of mature trees. Street, the crossroads and Church Street. This visual screen continues to the east of the village through the churchyard and along the side of the railway viaduct and canal embankment. Both approaches, along Bridge Street from the north and Church Street past the cemetery from the east, are characterised by the large, mature trees groups which create a significant sense of seclusion. Although the cemetery is not within the proposed conservation area boundary, the formal design and presence of mature trees and boundary planting directly contribute to the setting of Figure 25 Mature trees typically enhance the setting of Lower Weedon. In the centre of the village, various heritage assets, as here on South Street. occasional large trees rise from rear gardens providing visual interest along the rooflines. Planting to the front of properties is unusual due to the shallow and strong building line. No.19 Church Street is an exception with a large front garden set back in line with the United Reformed Church, which previously housed two large trees to the front of its large plot. The agricultural land to the south is divided mostly by hedgerows and occasional small, hedgerow trees. These serve to create a layered effect in the gently inclined landscape which stretches from South Street. Where New Street meets the open land to the Figure 26 Trees are an important aspect of the south, strong hedgerows and taller trees frame setting of Lower Weedon, particularly in the space the approach to the village. between the river tributary and the Royal Ordnance Depot. 25

7.2.4 Walls

Tall walls in Lower Weedon are generally seen running between buildings, set to the front of the plots. These are mainly built in brick, in English garden-wall bond. The wall surrounding the church is the most prominent example in a mixture of stone, and the wall leading to the Vicarage is an important brick specimen. The garden wall of No.3 South Street is an unusual example of the use of blue engineering brick.

7.2.5 Scale and Massing

Figure 27 Imposing brick wall leading to the Vicarage The historic core of Lower Weedon is grouped adjacent to the church. on Church Street spreading to West Street, New Street and Bridge Street at the central crossroads.

The tight, off-set crossroads is entirely enclosed by properties along each side, providing interesting sightlines and enhancing the experience of travelling through the village. The village has a tight grain overall, and a strong almost continuous building line, which is particularly clear on Church Street. This closed character opens out towards Upper Weedon, and significantly so once on the eastern side of the tunnel running beneath the Figure 28 Typical two-storey scale and close massing canal embankment. Building scale is generally of dwellings in Lower Weedon is shown by this terrace limited to two storey properties, with ridgelines on Church Street. varying depending on the pitch of the roof which is sometimes steep, particularly on stone buildings.

A small grouping of three storey properties on the bend of Church Street opposite the United Reformed Church creates enclosure, whilst the rare break in the building line allows views to rear outbuildings.

Most buildings are set close to the highway in small linear plots. The curve and slope of New

Street has created a less consistent spread of Figure 29 Traditional scale and massing has been building, which adds visual interest to the respected in this modern brick terrace on South Street, streetscape. adjacent to historic dwellings. 26

7.2.6 Public Realm

Street furniture in Lower Weedon is limited. Most streetlights comprise luminaries affixed to telegraph poles or buildings where possible, such as at No.1 New Street.

Traditional signage is used at the crossroads in the form of a finger post, and a village notice board and larger village sign are placed to the north of Jubilee Field.

Surfaces throughout are modern, and road markings are minimal, only used at major junctions. Figure 30 Historic metal street signage survives in Lower Weedon and contributes to the local character. Jubilee Field, the two allotments and the

Recreation Ground to the south of the

Community Centre comprise the shared public spaces within the village.

7.2.7 Footpaths

There is one Public Right of Way which links New Street with the Recreation Ground. Historically, this footpath connected the outlying Upper Weedon with the church.

Another follows the route of the canal to Church Stowe, and a further path links Farthingstone Road with Stowe Wood.

Historic pathways also linked the western fringe of Lower Weedon with the barracks. These footpaths are important for permeability Figure 31 A single Telephone Kiosk stands opposite and continuing historic modes of movement, as the Maltsters Arms Pub, contributing to its setting. well as allowing for the experience of Lower

Weedon’s agricultural links.

As can be seen from the map at Fig.105, views often correspond with the routes of Public Rights of Way.

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7.3 Architectural Analysis No.8 and 10 Church Street present a grand ironstone elevation to the highway, and No.8 is

The following section provides an analysis of the one of the only thatched properties in the village. architectural character of Lower Weedon and No.8 dates from the 16th century, with a 3-unit features which contribute to its historic and plan indicative of that of a late hall-house. No.10 architectural interest. This includes an evaluation is an 18th century addition with an attractive of the style and age of buildings, prevalent traditional shopfront. building materials, and a focussed description of specific features such as roofing styles and With the advent of the Royal Ordnance Depot materials, and traditional doors and fenestration. barracks in the north, much building took place This section has then informed Section 9: Design in the 19th century to facilitate the influx of Guidance. soldiers and ancillary businesses. Brick terraced

properties line the eastern end of Church Street, 7.3.1 Building age, type and style heading towards the railway viaduct (grade II), the most imposing brick structure in the village. The majority of buildings in Lower Weedon were 19th century shops are a feature, including built during the 17th-19th centuries. The Norman Brooklands on Bridge Street and Nos. 1 and 3 tower of the church is the oldest surviving South Street. structure.

A relatively large amount of 20th and 21st century Local vernacular developed with the readily infill development has occurred in Lower available crop of ironstone and limestone, as Weedon, particularly along West Street and to well as locally made brick. Style and function the south and east of Church Street, with varying was heavily influenced by the development of degrees of success. the barracks.

The majority of historic properties are set on a one-room deep plan, and vary between two and three storeys. Terraced properties are common, particularly those of brick. Several larger stone buildings are grouped to the southern edge of Church Street, indicative of the wealth of the earlier farming industry.

An attractive and important grouping of early buildings exists on Church Street.

No.4 and 6 Church Street (grade II) possibly date Figure 32 St Peter and St Paul's church is the oldest structure in the village; its tower dates to the Norman from the late medieval period with some 17th and period. 19th century additions. The building has a timber framed upper storey with ironstone lower storey. This stone is visible in the carriage arch to the right, as the building has been rendered.

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7.3.2 Materials Stone

Stone buildings within Lower Weedon are generally of regular coursed Northamptonshire sand and ironstones or limestone. Notable examples include No.8, No.23 and No.26 Church Street (all grade II), and The Maltsters Arms, West Street (grade II). The United Reformed Church (grade II) is an unusual example of ashlar ironstone in the village, whilst the adjacent property No.19 (grade II) is built of Figure 34 The Yews is a prominent ironstone building on Church Street dating from the 18th century. attractive alternating bands of ironstone and limestone. This characteristic banding is also seen at No.30 Church Street and The Maltsters Arms (grade II). Many properties also have stone gables. A long range of stone buildings with varying ridgeline heights and styles sits on West Street from No.18 (grade II) through to No.24.

Brick

Red brick is a common building material in Lower Weedon. Much development in brick occurred as a result of the habitation of the Figure 33 The Maltsters Pub shows the locally typical barracks to the north; 19th century mapping design of banded ironstone and limestone. shows several brickfields to the south of Upper Weedon as well as locations near to the Weedon and Flore wharfs to the east.

The common bond for the principle elevations of buildings in the historic core is Flemish bond. The historic brick used throughout generally varies slightly in colour from a buff rose red through to engineering blue, and some attractive polychromatic work exists at Nos.1-2b Church Street/Bridge Street. The railway viaduct (grade II) is built in engineering blue brick, as is appropriate for its purpose. The adjacent railway Figure 35 Brooklyns and the former chapel on Bridge cottages at Nos.54-56 Church Street have Street form a significant grouping of brick buildings. attractive dark red brick band detail.

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Detailing

Detailing in Lower Weedon is modest, indicative of the continued agricultural presence in the village. Decorative detailing is generally the preserve of local amenities such as shops, or larger dwellings.

Several of the shopfronts in Lower Weedon are decorated with traditional features, such as wooden classical pilasters and facias with frieze decoration. Particularly interesting examples include the Weedon Pharmacy building, which Figure 36 Buildings either formerly or currently used as shops often have traditional detailing, as at the post incorporates two classical male heads as corbel office. detailing, and the Brooklyn building, Bridge Street with its attractive wrought iron balcony and large windows.

Many brick properties have segmented arches above the windows, with some dwellings also incorporating embossed keystones; these are often painted white.

Wooden lintels are a common feature of stone properties, either painted or left bare.

Classical detailing occurs occasionally in the Figure 37 Stone segmented arches above windows form of modest pediment canopies above are common, as are wooden lintels and bressumers, doorways, and frieze and entablature detail on all shown here at Thistle House, Church Street. properties such as No.1 New Street.

Render

Several stone and brick properties throughout Lower Weedon are traditionally lime rendered, typically in pale colours, which add visual interest to the streetscape as compared to the vernacular stone and brick.

Figure 38 The largest group of rendered buildings stands at the crossroads in Lower Weedon, and includes the Plume of Feathers, No.1 and No.3 Church Street. 30

7.3.3 Roofs, Gables and Chimneys

Roofs

Roofing materials in Lower Weedon vary, with an assortment of thatch, tile and iron used. This variance in historic material indicates the development of the village and enhances its mixed agricultural, commercial and domestic character.

Gables

Buildings in Lower Weedon are traditionally sited Figure 39 A thatched roof on New Street. with the gable perpendicular to the street. Individual examples of gables fronting the street can be seen at the former chapel building on Bridge Street, in keeping with typical religious design, and No.17 West Street, whose form denotes its previous use for agricultural storage.

No.1 New Street presents an imposing gable onto the highway, and the projecting central gable of No.3 South Street provides visual interest along the streetscape.

Most roofs are pitched, notable exceptions being Figure 40 No.3 South Street presents interesting gables the hipped roofs of the United Reformed Church to the street. on Church Street and the diminutive Old Bakehouse. To the south of the village, the Conservative Club and No.7 South Street both have hipped roofs also.

Ridgelines

At the two ends of Church Street, the flat topography and architectural styles create little variation in ridge and eaves height, whether the properties are detached or terraced. In the central portion, ridgelines and eave height on properties sited on the s-bend vary more greatly, Figure 41 Small variations in ridgeline height show the creating interesting and varied form. gradual development of the street scene.

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The terraced and detached properties on South Street have more varied ridgelines, as the road gently inclines towards New Street.

New Street itself holds a great variety of ridgelines and roofing styles, as the building line steps in and out towards the highway.

West Street has a strong historic building line to the south side, with great variety in ridgeline style and height; consistency is created by the pitched Figure 43 Three storey houses are concentrated on roofs with gable perpendicular to the road. Church Street, in between smaller, detached dwellings.

Chimneys

Chimneys throughout the village are largely brick, with occasional examples of being underbuilt in ironstone, as at Nos.4-6 Church Street.

The styling is generally simple, the stacks being diminutive with plain, ceramic chimney pots.

Figure 44 Chimney stacks across Lower Weedon are generally built in brick with simple detailing and modest chimney pots.

Figure 42 Little variation in ridgeline height can be seen on South Street, creating its uniform character.

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7.3.4 Windows

Windows across Lower Weedon vary greatly depending on the use and age of the building. Common styles on early stone buildings are metal or timber casement, as at Ivydene or The Maltsters Pub.

Timber, sliding sash windows are found in many

19th century properties, usually with six-over-six lights. Some later properties with sliding sash windows have two-over-two or even one-over- one lights.

Some farmhouses have small windows in upper storeys set close to the eaves, as at Victoria House, South Street.

Windows often have wooden lintels and are usually painted white, creating coherence.

Some historic dormers have been added to properties, probably in the late 19th or early 20th centuries, as at No.18 West Street, where the simple detail does not detract from the main elevation.

Traditional shopfronts in Lower Weedon typically have large plate-glass windows with slender timber mullions and sometimes other classical details such as pilasters. This is well demonstrated at Brooklyn House, Bridge Street and Granny’s Café, Church Street.

The religious buildings in Lower Weedon, the United Reformed Church and the former chapel on Bridge Street, have traditional arched windows with decorative stained glass details.

Figure 45 A selection of traditional windows from Lower Weedon.

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7.3.5 Doors, Entranceways and Porches

Traditional doors in Lower Weedon are largely timber 4-panel doors. No.4-6 and Twinings Cottage both have timber plank doors, but these are an unusual feature normally found in early properties.

Over-door detailing is also common, usually either as wooden or stone decorative lintels, painted white or left bare.

Nos. 39 and 37 Church Street have doors with decorative, classical hood moulds, which complement the architectural variety of the street.

Exterior porches are not a typical feature of Lower Weedon. Some properties have small timber pediment canopies with lead flashings, or open entrance vestibules.

No.3 South Street has an elaborate porch-cum- sunroom on its principal elevation, providing great architectural interest to the property.

Figure 46 A range of traditional doors and entranceways, including a wider coaching entrance which evidences Lower Weedon's commercial history.

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7.4 Positive Buildings 7.5 Local List Candidates

The map at Fig.107 shows buildings in Lower The Local List enables Daventry District Council Weedon which have been assessed as and communities to identify and celebrate providing a positive contribution in terms of their historic buildings, archaeological sites and historic and architectural interest to the overall designed landscapes which enhance and character of the area. enliven their local area. It also provides a level of non-statutory protection within the planning This positive contribution may be made by: process. Local Listing does not create further

 Their architectural style and merit controls with regards to planning permissions, but does provide weight to the assets retention,  Display of vernacular style should it be at risk. Local List candidates are judged by criteria assessing their age, condition  Evidence of the settlement’s historical and quality of architecture, their amenity within development local street scenes and their value as compared  Their role in maintaining a coherent to similar assets. spatial character Candidates are shown on the Proposals Map at  Their value as part of a wider group or Fig,107 street scene The following heritage assets in Lower Weedon have been assessed as meriting recognition and are identified for inclusion within the Local List:

Bridge Street:

 Brooklyn House

West Street

 The Plume of Feathers Pub

Church Street

 The Post Office

South Street

 No.1 & No.3

New Street

 United Reformed Church Hall

 No.25

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8 Upper Weedon Character

Area

Figure 47 Upper Weedon Character Area, proposed conservation area. © Crown copyright and database rights 2017 Ordnance Survey 100023735.

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8.1 Overview

Upper Weedon’s character is still highly Views out of the settlement are predominantly associated with the agricultural use of agricultural in character, with the Special surrounding land. Its historic built form is based Landscape Area forming a band to the south around large detached farmhouses and barn and west of Upper Weedon. To the south of complexes, which greatly characterise the Queen Street, the valley can be seen rising western fringe of the settlement. Continued use sharply toward Weedon Hill behind housing to of agricultural land to the north, west and south reveal uninterrupted views of arable and grazing maintains this quality, with particular fields, established hedgerows and trees. To the significance held by the remains of historic ridge north, glimpsed views down the valley can be and furrow. seen between buildings; these are agricultural in

nature at the settlement’s western fringes, giving To the east, 19th century development along way to a mix of housing, trees and extensive Queen Street and 20th century building along Oak views of the Ordnance Depot site rising on the Street is indicative of the gradual expansion other side of the tributary further east. Distant toward Lower Weedon, probably initially as a views to the north focus on large arable fields, result of the construction of the Royal Ordnance bordered by trees and hedgerows, with traffic Depot. It is now physically linked to Lower moving along the A45 just visible at the horizon. Weedon by several 20th century developments.

Within Upper Weedon, Queen Street runs mainly The architectural style of Upper Weedon also in a straight line from west to east, but its slight reflects its farming history, with a mixture of curves and undulations restrict internal views. ironstone and locally made brick maintaining The western entrance to the settlement has a indigenous character. very rural feel, with views being channelled by tall hedgerows, historic walls and buildings set close to the road within their plots or on raised 8.2 Spatial Analysis banks. Short views across the green are less enclosed than on Queen Street, opening up onto The following section analyses spatial features Fernhollow Farm. The street narrows again which contribute to the character of Upper moving east, with direct views being channelled Weedon, including significant walls, trees and by the buildings along the north of Queen Street open spaces, as well as the scale and massing and entirely restricted by the houses on the of the built environment and the impact of the south side, which sit much higher on the valley public realm and connectivity through footpaths. slope than those opposite. Internal views remain enclosed along the remainder of Queen Street, and also along Oak Road. Views south 8.2.1 Views east out of the settlement from the bridleway which runs alongside No.9 Oak Street are again agricultural, although views north and east from Views through Upper Weedon are shaped by the the junction of Oak Street and Queen Street settlement’s position within the Upper Nene have a very different character, being much less Catchment and Watford Gap Environmental green and consisting of the large estates of character area. The settlement sits on the wide, housing erected in the mid-20th century, with southern slope of the valley running down to the glimpsed views of the Ordnance Depot and River Nene. Lower Weedon beyond.

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Figure 51 Enclosed view down Weedon Hill Road to the Green. Figure 48 Short view of Dairy Farm, Upper Weedon, enclosed by trees and hedgerows.

Figure 49 Short view west of Home Farm House. Figure 52 Glimpsed view northwards of fields from Queen Street.

Figure 50 Short view of the Green and Fernhollow Figure 53 Long view north of the Royal Ordnance Farm. Depot from Upper Weedon.

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Figure 57 Panoramic view of Weedon Bec from Figure 54 Long view of Oak Street, Upper Weedon. Weedon Hill.

Figure 55 Short view of Myrtle Cottage, Upper Weedon.

Figure 56 Long, enclosed view west towards Everdon Road from Weedon Hill Road, Upper Weedon.

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8.2.2 Open Spaces

The triangular green in front of Fernhollow Farm and the mid-20th century open area at the centre of Oaklands are the only historic, public open areas within Upper Weedon; other important open spaces comprise the fields which encircle the built environment of the area. Ridge and furrow occurs to the south west and south east of the village, and archaeological work reveals the possibility of important medieval field systems directly to the west of Upper Weedon. The quality of the surrounding landscape is characterised by the undulating Figure 58 Formal open space at the Green, Upper topography of the Upper Nene Catchment area, Weedon. and the subsequent layering of trees and hedges.

8.2.3 Trees and hedgerows

At the date of survey there are no Tree Preservation Orders in Upper Weedon, nor is there any protection afforded by an existing conservation area.

Trees in fields, gardens and along boundaries greatly contribute to the character of Upper Weedon and are largely absent from the more Figure 59 An important willow tree opposite the recent development which has grown up junction of Oak Street and Queen Street. between the settlement of Lower Weedon.

Important trees within Upper Weedon are the oak and two smaller trees on the triangular green at Fernhollow Farm, and also the established Willow to the north and Purple Maple to the south close to Shoemakers Cottage. These trees form attractive visual focal points and soften streetscape as it becomes more built-up and less rural towards the village centre. Performing a similar function are the birch tree and two sycamores that sit around the junction of Queen Street, Croft Way and New Croft, although this group of trees also acts as a natural boundary and screen at the eastern end Figure 60 An important grouping of sycamores and of Upper Weedon. purple maple at the junction of Queen Street and Croft

Way. 40

Less visible from the street, but equally important are the remains of historic orchards within Upper Weedon. An established group of trees behind Fernhollow Farm is shown as an orchard on historic maps, as are the trees in rear gardens to the north of Nos. 50-58 Queen Street and along Tithe Road. Established trees are also visible in front and rear gardens throughout as glimpsed views, giving the settlement a very green feel and reflecting its rural character. Hedgerows are particularly significant in Upper Weedon as a means of enclosure. Many hedgerows on the western fringes are very tall and enclose views, sometimes intentionally to maintain the rural character where new development is added, for example the planting to the west of modern housing at Holm Close. Surrounding Upper Weedon mixed historical hedges, some incorporating large trees, are used for field division, creating a patchwork effect. Within the settlement, hedgerows also Figure 61 A significant willow tree on Tithe Road. mark different eras of modern development. The privet hedging used at Oak Road, Oaklands and Nos. 4-22 Queen Street to mark the front boundaries of mid-20th century local authority housing continues to provide an attractive means of enclosure. Where it appears it softens the streetscape and creates a more cohesive environment. Much of the conifer planting used to enclose slightly later development has now reached maturity, and so is very tall and dense. The wide grass verges outside No.28 Oak Street, contribute to the rural character of Upper Weedon.

Protected trees are subject to greater controls over works than those within conservation areas, which include the topping, lopping, pruning and felling of trees whose diameter exceeds 75mm. Before commencement of works to trees in a conservation area, six weeks’ written notice must be given to Daventry District Council. A Tree Preservation Order is an order made by Daventry District Council to protect trees, groups Figure 62 Mature hedgerows are a common feature of trees or woodlands in the interests of amenity. within Upper Weedon and on approaches to it. It includes controls over topping, lopping, pruning, felling, wilful damage and wilful destruction. 41

8.2.4 Walls

Historic walls are a particular feature of the farms in Upper Weedon. The boundary walls at Home Farm are built in separate sections of historic brick and a mixture of local rubble stone with some brick coping and stone “cock-and- hen” coping. At the other end of the settlement, the significant boundary wall of No.1 Priory Court at Oak Street is a mix of historic brick and cob, sitting on a plinth of mixed local rubblestone. This short section of important walling is capped variously by red clay tiling, slate, dark fishscale tiling, local brick and larger blue coping stones. Figure 63 Stone boundary wall leading from Home This eye catching mix of materials exhibits the Farm House to Holm Close. evolution of the wall on a piecemeal basis and reflects its utilitarian function. An important brick garden wall lines Tithe Road, to the rear of No.50. Its narrow, lengthy construction has resulted in characteristic bulging and subsequent bracing using brick buttresses and steel joists, adding to its historic interest. The wall enclosing Starmer’s Row is significant for its curved, undulating form and sited in a prominent position on the bend adjacent to a large willow tree. Like the wall at Home Farm, it is built using a mix of local rubblestone, with “cock-and-hen” coping. Figure 64 Significant brick boundary wall of No.50

Queen Street along Tithe Road. Modern walling has been constructed in local stone to provide enclosure for 21st century housing estates such as Holm Close, mirroring the coping style at Home Farm.

There are stronger controls over the demolition of walls within conservation areas, including for those over one metre in height fronting a relevant highway, and those over two metres in height elsewhere. Those below one metre in height can still be significant and directly contribute to the special historic and architectural interest of a conservation area.

Figure 65 A highly significant mixed cob, stone and brick wall opposite The Mullions, Oak Street.

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8.2.5 Scale and Massing

The self-contained farm complexes form groupings with agricultural outbuildings and walls focussed on a central farmhouse. This is particularly apparent in the west of Upper Weedon, where several large farms are clustered, dominating the streetscape. The plots of No.50 and the Duke William pub on Queen Street reflect their 18th century origins and the transition in building style from the farm groupings to a linear style fronting the road. Their large plots sizes formerly accommodated associated outbuildings, now largely demolished. This linear pattern was adopted by Figure 66 Fernhollow Barn forms a grouping with the the modest Victorian terraced houses which farm houses around the Green. followed, sitting forward in their longer narrow plots, close to the highway. Historic properties have retained their ribbon development along the main streets and divergent lanes, rather than the modern estate form.

The majority of properties of all varieties are generally one room deep, with the exception of Home Farm which was extended in the late 19th century. Home Farm House and the earliest part of The Priory are notably of three storeys, whereas the rest of the historic stock is of two storeys. Diminutive cottages pepper the building line between more substantial historic dwellings Figure 67 Early, linear development along Queen creating visual interest. The building line of Street is evidenced by the former Duke William Pub. historic properties is consistent but not continuous, as small gaps have been left between certain properties during the streets’ evolution.

Figure 68 Typical 19th century development of diminutive terraced houses along Queen Street.

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8.2.6 Public Realm

The existing street furniture is modern and minimal, and is appropriate for the rural setting. The triangular area of grass at Fernhollow Farm houses a traditional style finger signpost, the village bus stop and a parish notice board.

Evidence of historic use of the public realm is seen at the former Duke William pub, which has horse tethering loops incorporated into its outer wall.

8.2.7 Footpaths Figure 69 Historic finger post, Upper Weedon.

As a predominantly agricultural rural settlement, footways adjacent to the highway did not form part of Upper Weedon’s historic character. However, a narrow pavement now runs along the north side of Queen Street from east of Home Farm Close providing an important local amenity and increasing permeability within the village. There are additional sections of more standardised pavement in front of mid-20th century development at Holm Close, Dukelands andNo.s.29 to 39 Oak Street, often with grass verging. Pavements are not a feature of Oak Road, Tithe Road, the road to Weedon Hill and Home Farm Close, maintaining Upper Weedon’s Figure 70 Tethering loops outside the former Duke distinctly rural feel, William pub.

Several public footpaths run north from Queen Street including Tithe Road and Princes Close, all joining Ordnance Road and providing a historic link to Lower Weedon and the Royal Ordnance Depot. A bridleway runs south east from Oak Street, eventually joining West Street south of Lower Weedon.

As can be seen from the map at Fig.105, views often correspond with the routes of Public Rights of Way.

Figure 71 Footpaths cross to the south of Upper

Weedon through agricultural land towards Lower Weedon. 44

8.3 Architectural Analysis

The following section provides an analysis of the architectural character of Upper Weedon and features which contribute to its historic and architectural interest. This includes an evaluation of the style and age of buildings, prevalent building materials, and a focussed description of specific features such as roofing styles and materials, and traditional doors and fenestration. This section has then informed Section 10: Design Guidance.

Figure 72 The Priory, Oak Street, has a 15th century 8.3.1 Building age, type and style range to the rear, with later 18th and 19th century additions.

The function of buildings in Upper Weedon is agricultural and domestic, with the exception of the commercial premises at the builder’s yard and the former Duke William pub.

Aside from the Priory, which has 15th century origins, the oldest buildings in Upper Weedon were built during the 17th and 18th centuries. These comprise large, detached farmhouses built of stone and barns, indicative of Upper Weedon’s agricultural heritage. Home Farm

House (grade II), which was built in the early 19th Figure 73 Dairy Farm House's main gabled wing dates century and extended in the late 19th century, is from the 17th century. built of local brick.

Local vernacular originally developed with the readily available crop of ironstone and limestone, with some surviving examples of cob, as well as locally made brick.

Until the mid-20th century, Upper Weedon’s architectural character was influenced by its agricultural function and setting, rather than the arrival of the barracks north of Lower Weedon.

Later terraced housing is generally of red brick Figure 74 Home Farm House was built in the early with slate roofs. 1800’s with a large brick extension later that century.

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8.3.2 Materials Stone

Stone is used as the main building material for all of the listed farmhouses, aside from Home Farm House (grade II), which has an ironstone ashlar façade over brick. The predominant style is coursed ironstone and limestone in distinctive alternating bands. The 18th century Duke William pub is the only example of an ironstone building in Upper Weedon which was not built as a farmhouse or dwelling. Surviving early dwellings are all stone-built. Figure 75 The use of ironstone and limestone together to form bands is common across Weedon, but The Priory in Upper Weedon and Nos.4-6 Church particularly so in Upper Weedon. Street, Lower Weedon are possibly the earliest domestic properties in the settlement, both containing elements of medieval design, including the 15th century range at the rear of The Priory, and the hall-house form of Nos.4-6 Church Street.

Cob

Cob is an earth based material which is found locally in freestanding walls and outbuildings. It is generally placed on top of a stone and brick plinth, either as a main building material or as an Figure 76 Myrtle Cottage is a significant stone building historic repair. It is probable that earlier on Queen Street, which sits is a prominent position. examples of cob were once prevalent which have not survived.

Brick

There were two brickfields in Upper Weedon in the 19th century, to the south of the settlement which produced local brick.

Red brick is a prevalent building material in Upper Weedon.

Figure 77 Significant cob walling can be seen in the outbuildings at Dairy Farm House.

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It is commonly used for agricultural outbuildings and walls, but also in higher status buildings such as Home Farm House (grade II) and No.50 Queen Street with its attached servants’ residence. The highest proportion of brick buildings in the settlement date from the 19th and

20th centuries.

The bond for the principle elevations of buildings in the historic core is Flemish bond. More random forms of bond occur on some more modest 19th century properties. Polychromatic brickwork is seen at No.48 Queen Street, and some variation in the colour of local historic brick creates character.

Detailing

Stone detailing occurs in simple styles on larger stone and brick buildings in the form of decorative segmented arch lintels with shallow projecting keystones and sills. Stone quoins are found on several farmhouses, as well as the Duke William pub. This pub also has attractive Figure 78 No.50, Queen Street. ashlar dressing surrounding the windows and central escutcheons on each dormer. Small metal tethering rings mounted to the wall of the Figure 79 Nos.26-28, Oak Street. pub are an interesting historic feature.

Brick detailing is also simple in style, confined to bull-nosed edging, segmented arches above openings and dentil courses along the eaves.

Render

Render in Upper Weedon is generally 20th century. An example of traditional lime rendering exists in the patch repairs to the barn at Fernhollow Farm (grade II).

Figure 80 No.17, Queen Street.

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8.3.3 Roofs, Gables and Chimneys Roofs

Pitched roofs are the most common style in Upper Weedon, a notable exception at Home Farm House (grade II) and the two domestic properties on the adjacent Green, which are hipped. Steeply pitched roofs reflect the age of buildings such as the Priory, Old Dairy Farm, The Firs and Fernhollow Farm Barn (all grade II), which would have historically been thatched. Figure 81 The roof of No.9, Queen Street has notably Later buildings have shallower pitched roofs steep pitch, indicating that it was probably originally designed to accommodate slate. Outbuildings thatched. are frequently roofed with corrugated iron/tin.

Gables

Buildings generally front the highway, with exceptions being the gables of Old Dairy Farm, The Priory and The Mullions, whose similar design of banded limestone gables is a feature of Upper Weedon.

Ridgelines

Most properties are of two storeys. Their age and status leads to some small variation in the ridgeline height of historic properties, as does Figure 82 The Mullions presents its decorative gable to the undulating topography. the highway, a common feature of buildings dating to this age with banded stone. Chimneys

Chimneys in the village are all brick except at The Priory which has stone chimneys. Chimneys are usually placed at the apex on the gable end, with larger properties and terraces having chimneys along their length as well. Outbuildings occasionally have diminutive chimneys at their gable end on the apex, often with just a single chimney pot, such as at the rear of No.52 Queen Street.

Figure 83 Chimneys across Upper Weedon are generally brick, at the apex.

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8.3.4 Windows

Due to the mixed nature of buildings in the village, windows styles and materials are naturally also varied. Timber is the most common material for traditional windows, but metal casement is also used, notably at The Priory (grade II). Sash windows are common throughout. Generally, Georgian sash windows are six-over-six whilst Victorian are usually two- over-two, and one-over-one is also seen. Victorian fixed casement windows with six or eight lights are common in smaller cottages such as Nos.22-28 Oak Street.

Windows size is usually proportionate to the building. Smaller windows set close to the eaves are a feature of earlier agricultural buildings.

Historic dormers exist at the former Duke William pub and The Priory (grade II). Stone mullions are a feature of stone buildings, an early example being No.9 Oak Street (grade II).

Bay windows are found at No.9 Queen Street (grade II), with a higher status example at Fernhollow Farm (grade II).

Traditional windows in the village are usually painted white which contributes to the coherent character.

Figure 84 Right: Traditional windows from Upper Weedon.

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8.3.5 Doors, Entranceways and Porches

Traditional doors are mostly timber panelled, with Georgian buildings often six panel, and Victorian buildings four panel.

Fanlights occur on some larger Georgian buildings, as at No.50 Queen Street and Myrtle Cottage, Princes Close.

As most buildings are set close to the highway, entranceways are often simple. Distinctive, shallow timber porches are seen on several modest buildings, such as at Nos.52-56 Queen Street and an interesting metal canopy can be seen at No.17 Queen Street. There is an exceptional example of a 15th century Romanesque stone doorway at Fernhollow

Farm House, which is contemporaneous with the eastern elevation of The Priory, suggesting it may have been relocated.

Figure 85 Traditional doors and porches in Upper Weedon, including the Romanesque at Fernhollow Farm, bottom right.

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8.4 Positive Buildings 8.5 Local List Candidates

The map at Fig.107 shows buildings in Upper The creation of a Local List enables Daventry Weedon which have been assessed as District Council and communities to identify and providing a positive contribution in terms of their celebrate historic buildings, archaeological sites historic and architectural interest to the overall and designed landscapes which enhance and character of the area. enliven their local area. It also provides a level of non-statutory protection within the planning This positive contribution may be made by: process. Local Listing does not create further

 Their architectural style and merit controls with regards to planning permissions, but does provide weight to the assets retention,  Display of vernacular style should it be at risk. Local List candidates are judged by criteria assessing their age, condition  Evidence of the settlement’s historical and quality of architecture, their amenity within development local street scenes and their value as compared  Their role in maintaining a coherent to similar assets. spatial character Candidates are shown on the Proposals Map at  Their value as part of a wider group or Fig.107. street scene The following heritage assets in Upper Weedon have been assessed as meriting recognition and are identified for inclusion within the Local List:

Oak Street:

 Shoemaker’s Cottage

 No.19

 No.24-28

Queen Street:

 Myrtle Cottage

 No.17

 No.50

 No.52

 Nos.67 & 67b

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9 Road Weedon Character

Area

Figure 86 Road Weedon Character Area, proposed conservation area. © Crown copyright and database rights 2017 Ordnance Survey 100023735.

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9.1 Overview The widest possible vista of Road Weedon’s built

environment is afforded from the top of Flore Hill, The development of Road Weedon and its looking west, where there are glimpsed views historic character have been directed by its above the hedgerows of the settlement’s position on the two significant historic highways, rooftops and elevations rising along High Street, the A5 and A45. The presence of other forms of with treetops at Cavalry Hill visible beyond. All historic infrastructure comprising the Grand other approaches have views of the historic core Union Canal and the former London and North channelled by the building line and large trees, Western railway are also inherent to its character. Travelling west from Daventry, wide, rural views

are dominated by the rolling Northamptonshire The mainly commercial use of the buildings has Uplands, with large arable fields bordered by led to a densely massed built environment hedgerows stretching around to Flore Hill in the dominated by the main road with several historic west. On approaching the railway bridge at the inns still surviving. Despite the urban character entrance to Road Weedon, short views appear to of the main historic core, the compact the south across a large grassed area in front of settlement is bounded to the north, west and Windsor Close, with late 20th century housing east by vast swathes of agricultural land which immediately behind. Looking east down the links it to the neighbouring Lower and Upper A45, the view is framed by the brick walls of the Weedon. railway and canal bridges, with the greenery of towpath tree tops visible to the north and south. 9.2 Spatial Analysis The views change dramatically after crossing over the canal bridge, with strong building lines The following section analyses spatial features both sides of High Street giving a much more which contribute to the character of Road urban feel as views are channelled eastwards. Weedon, including significant walls, trees and The slight curve in the road means that the open spaces, as well as the scale and massing major crossroads is only gradually revealed, of the built environment and the impact of the although more distant views of the trees on Flore public realm and connectivity through footpaths. Hill remain constant. Historic development, mainly commercial, fronts the road, restricting views north and south to short glimpses of 9.2.1 Views interesting ancillary outbuildings.

Views east-west along the A45 and north-south On reaching the crossroads views open out along the A5 are channelled by these two arterial once more over the surrounding countryside roads, which meet at the major crossroads and Flore Hill. The historic Crossroads Inn and immediately north west of the Toll House. This the former Globe Hotel (now Tesco’s crossroads forms the central landmark within Supermarket) form focal points at the junction in Road Weedon, around which the historic views on all approaches. settlement has developed. The modern junction The gradual incline northwards along the A5 sits in a small basin which is emphasised by approaching Road Weedon from the south west important views of trees on surrounding ridges. is surrounded by flat fields, views of which are layered with hedgerows and trees along the canal towpath. The trees of Flore Park and Flore Hill rise beyond the Old Mill Race tributary to the east before it joins the River Nene. Short views to the west focus on two terraces of 19th century 53

terraced cottages at No.s10-12 and No.s4-14, with a charming glimpsed view of the diminutive No.2 High Street (Grade II listed) between them. Glimpsed views appear of the strong building line to the west along the A5 and up High Street. Historic demolition has allowed wide views of Flore Hill to the east. South western views along the A5 are open to the east and become channelled by hedgerows closer to the crossroads. Short views of the group of six ex- council houses frame the road to the north.

Figure 87 Typical important views in the conservation

area.

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9.2.2 Trees and hedges

Approaches south along the A45 and north along the A5 are screened by large trees. Particularly prominent groupings are focussed along the length of the canal, the river and the railway line. Parkland trees in Flore Park dominate the landscape to the east.

At the northern fringe of Road Weedon, a large number of TPO trees surround the Royal Ordnance Depot and characterise this leafy approach to the settlement. Figure 88 Trees on Flore Hill frame views from the Within the built environment of the village, trees north. are concentrated around larger historic plots such as Manor Farm, The Heart of England public house and The Crossroads Inn. Trees to the rear of plots are obscured by the strong building line along High Street.

Hedgerows are a feature of surrounding fields, and create a layered character. Taller hedgerows line the approaches to the village creating a rural feel which juxtaposes to the urban character of the built environment. The manicured hedgerows to the front of the ex- council house plots create a domestic character which contrasts to the commercial nature of Figure 89 Trees along the canal corridor are High Street. prominent, also.

9.2.3 Open spaces

The compact nature of the built environment and local topography emphasise the wide open spaces which surround the settlement. The Special Landscape Area lies to the north east, abutting Flore. These rural open spaces are integral to the character of Road Weedon and its setting.

Another significant open space is the road itself. The width and the placement of historic buildings either side of High Street are indicative Figure 90 Mature trees on the highway are rare, but of a long history as a major thoroughfare. soften peripheral modern developments.

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9.2.4 Walls

Where they exist, free standing historic walls in Road Weedon are used for boundary demarcation and generally built in brick with simple English bond. Particularly significant examples exist at Bridge Street opposite the Manor House, and at the railway and canal bridges, where engineering blue brick has also been used in keeping with the industrial nature of the infrastructure.

9.2.5 Scale and massing Figure 91 Significant wall on Bridge Street.

The largely uniform scale and tight massing of buildings in Road Weedon is essential to its historic character and development along a major historic highway. Buildings are grouped closely and set close to the road in narrow, long plots. The dense massing and forward positioning was developed through the desire for street frontage space when the area was used principally for commercial businesses. The land use and associated form continues with some change of use to residential. As a result of the confined linear space, the buildings have developed with a vertical emphasis, often comprising three storeys. This scale and their Figure 92 The important, strong building line on High positioning serve to create a sense of enclosure, Street. despite the broad width road.

9.2.6 Public realm

The public realm in Road Weedon is dominated by the highway. The limited recreational space is indicative of the historic commercial use of the area and equally due to its proximity to the more residential settlement of Lower Weedon. Street furniture is minimal and mainly comprised of highways signage and traffic controls which are concentrated around the junction of the A5 and A45. Modern lampposts and telegraph poles are spaced along the A45. Surfacing throughout is almost exclusively tarmac. Ghost signs can be seen on some buildings, adding interest to the Figure 93 Ghost street sign on Charles Street. public realm. 56

9.2.7 Footpaths

Access through Road Weedon for pedestrians is largely accommodated by the pavements on either side of the A45. There are no local public rights of way but rear access to outbuildings is possible from gaps at the frontages. The canal towpath and railway tunnels have allowed continuous access to Lower Weedon since their development in the 19th century.

As can be seen from the map at Fig.105, views often correspond with the routes of Public Rights of Way.

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9.3 Architectural Analysis Later buildings reflect the arrival of the nearby Royal Ordnance Depot barracks in the early 19th century. Commercial premises were built The following section provides an analysis of the fronting High Street, often with residential architectural character of Lower Weedon and features which contribute to its historic and accommodation above for proprietors. No.s 23, architectural interest. This includes an evaluation 62 and 64 High Street are particularly good of the style and age of buildings, prevalent examples of attractive brick buildings that retain building materials, and a focussed description of their traditional shopfronts and continue to make specific features such as roofing styles and an important contribution to the street scene. materials, and traditional doors and fenestration.

This section has then informed Section 9: Design Several short terraces of two-storey Victorian Guidance. cottages line the High Street and the A5,

opposite the Crossroads. A handful of slightly

9.3.1 Building age, type and style earlier, larger 3-storey residences sit at Nos. 16, 19, 21 and 42 High Street. All of these dwellings

abut the pavement or have only very small Road Weedon’s built environment is relatively frontages, contributing to the strong building line compact and reflects its proximity to several and creating an unexpectedly urban feel, in historic transport links. The majority of buildings sharp contrast to the surrounding countryside. A were built during the 18th and 19th centuries and row of early 20th century local authority housing are commercial in origin; the settlement’s civic at No.s 1-6 Watling Street has a leafier, more and religious buildings being located at nearby domestic feel than the settlement’s earlier Lower Weedon. There is one listed building in housing, being set back from the highway and Road Weedon, No. 2, High Street. fronted by gardens. A number of brick-built coaching inns grew up in Some 20th and 21st century infill development has close proximity during the 18th century to serve occurred at the fringes of Road Weedon, travellers along Thomas Telford’s London to particularly to the south west of Watling Street. Holyhead Road and the Old Stratford to However, the river tributaries, canal, roads and Dunchurch turnpike road. Of these, only the railway act as a barrier to wider expansion and Wheatsheaf continues to trade, although the have allowed Road Weedon to keep its origins of the Horseshoe Inn (now Helios compact, tightly massed character. Modern Antiques) and the Globe Inn (now Tesco) are still development at Manor Farm has successfully readily apparent from their location, form and referenced earlier farm buildings and materials, extensive outbuildings. The Bull Inn (now Manor preserving the more rural feel of this part of the Farm) was originally used by drovers and also settlement. villagers as the setting for the twice yearly manorial court. Several public houses, such as the White Hart and Huntershields, have been demolished, as has the smithy. The attractive L- shaped dual aspect toll house, built in the 1770s now forms part of The Crossroads public house and hotel complex. 58

9.3.2 Materials Stone

There are few stone buildings within Road Weedon. No.2 High Street is the settlement’s only listed building (Grade II) and is a diminutive,

18th century squared ironstone cottage, typical of those found in surrounding villages. Other stone buildings include Sunflower Cottage, which has alternate courses of local ironstone and limestone reminiscent of vernacular buildings in Upper Weedon, and the central section of the

New Inn (now the Heart of England), which was Figure 94 Grade II listed No.2 High Street, one of few originally a farmhouse. This is Road Weedon’s stone buildings in Road Weedon. oldest surviving structure, with a datestone of

1740.

Brick

Brick is the predominant building material in Road Weedon, although many historic properties have been painted or rendered. Local bricks would have been used prior to the arrival of the Grand Junction Canal in 1796 to construct many of the coaching inns and the settlement’s earliest storey dwellings. The arrival of the canal facilitated easy transportation of a wide range of Figure 95 The central, stone built portion of the New building materials, including mass produced Inn predates the brick wings, as do several stone bricks, for use in the expansion of Road Weedon outbuildings. during the 19th century. The common bond for the principle elevations of buildings is Flemish bond, often in contrasting shades of red and buff bricks, as at No.s 26-32 and No.s 44-52 High Street. English bond may be seen at No.s 21, 23, 62 and 64. Bricks of varying age, colour and bond are evident at Station House. The blue engineering brick used for the walls of both the canal and railway bridges is typical of its age and function. Historic brick outbuildings associated with coaching inns and commercial Figure 96 Station House stands as an important brick used still lie to the rear of many plots, adding building at the north entrance to Road Weedon. depth and character to the settlement.

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Detailing

Detailing on commercial buildings is more flamboyant than on residential buildings. At the Heart of England (formerly the New Inn), decorative herringbone brick work, polychromatic hung tiles and half-timbering on the early 20th century Tudorbethan wings contribute to its status as a landmark building, with decorative, over-sized brick chimneys add to its imposing presence within the street scene. No. 64, High Street is a single-storey, red brick Figure 97 Traditional, decorative tiling adds interest to former bank building with a Dutch gable to the the gable of the New Inn. front elevation, featuring stone capping and buff terracotta detailing, which includes a distinctive phoenix cartouche, the emblem of the Northamptonshire Bank, and two mythical terracotta creatures. The shop fronts at No. 62 High Street retain original detailing, including panels of mosaic floor tiling in the entrance lobbies and glazed brick stallrisers, as well as a selection of attractive feature windows.

Other brick buildings, including dwellings, feature stone lintels and sills, with entablature around the doorways of grander buildings. Figure 98 Phoenix cartouche detail on the former There are prominent stone string courses at No. National Westminster Bank building. 19, 21 and 23 High Street. Brick detailing, in forms like segmented arches over windows and polychromatic frontages is also a feature, with many properties have brick dentil courses.

Render

Road Weedon is mainly brick-built and traditional lime render is not a feature. Pebbledash used at Nos. 1-6 Watling Street is contemporaneous and adds to the architectural interest of the properties. Extensive use of Figure 99 An example of a rendered property on High modern pebbledash on older buildings Street. elsewhere has caused some loss of character and detailing.

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9.3.3 Roofs, Gables and Chimneys

Roofs

Pitched roofs are the most common form for principle buildings and outbuildings in Road Weedon. Unlike Upper and Lower Weedon, steep stone gables and thatch is not a feature in Road Weedon.

The majority of roofs front the highway and are relatively shallow in pitch. Many retain their original slate, although there is some concrete and local tile throughout. Hipped roofs are seen at No. 62 and No. 17 High Street, with partially Figure 100 This grouping of buildings displays the hipped roofs at No. 23 High Street and Nos. 1-6 typically lively ridgelines and roof styles of Road Watling Street. Roofs generally retain their Weedon. historic form, with few rooflights or dormers to front elevations.

The hipped roof at the toll house overhangs the eves, with purloins and bargeboards painted to decorative effect.

Gables

Gables are visible when approaching the village from all directions, particularly from Flore Hill where gables lining High Street can be seen Figure 101 The Crossroads, formerly the tollhouse for rising towards Cavalry Hill, with squat, two storey the A45 turnpike, is unusual in that it presents a range properties sitting near to the crossroads giving of interesting gables to the street. way to taller properties as the slope of High

Street rises towards the canal bridge. The 20th century wings added at the Heart of England have created gables of varying sizes on all elevations around the original 18th century structure. The L-shaped toll house has gables facing both the High Street and Watling Street, a reflection of its original function.

Figure 102 Alike to the Crossroads pub, The New Inn also provides interest in its many-gabled form.

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Ridgelines

The character of the tightly massed High Street is greatly enhanced by the variation its historic ridgelines. Two storey coaching inns and Victorian cottages sit beside much taller, narrower 3 storey buildings along the highway, with glimpses of rear outbuildings of differing sizes adding to the layered effect.

Most ridgelines are simple, although the Heart of England includes more variety, with newer sections topped with terracotta detailing, also Figure 103 Buildings along High Street have a vertical found on the toll house. emphasis, with some variation to small dwellings nearer the crossroads. Chimneys

Chimneys are of brick and usually placed at the apex on gable ends, with larger properties and terraces also having chimneys along their length. Many chimneys are diminutive and have a string course of brick, with more elaborate detailing and greater height seen at the Heart of England. The very tall chimney at No. 64 High Street was designed to carry smoke away from this single storey building. Multiple chimney pots survive on the chimneys at No. 1-6 Watling Figure 104 Large brick chimney stack, The New Inn. Street.

Figure 105 Decorative brick chimney stack and

terracotta creature, former NatWest bank, High Street.

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9.3.4 Windows

Due to the mixed nature of buildings in the settlement, windows styles and materials are varied. Timber is the most common material for traditional windows. Sash windows are common in Road Weedon’s Georgian and Victorian dwellings, former inns and the upper floors of commercial premises. Generally, Georgian sash windows are six-over-six whilst Victorian are usually two-over-two, and one- over-one is also seen. Window size is usually proportionate to the building, but along High Street large ground floor plate glass windows are common on commercial premises. Bay windows appear at the Wheatsheaf and other commercial premises along High Street, but are less common on dwellings, although examples appear at Nos. 10-12 High Street, reflecting the construction date of 1885, and at Nos. 42 and 64. In other places, bay windows of dwellings reflect former commercial use. Dormers are not common, although they feature at No. 32 High

Street. Windows in the 4 small gables above Figure 106 Above: traditional windows, Road Weedon. Tesco appear in historic photographs, during the building’s previous incarnation as The Globe Inn.

At the toll house, each gable has attractive, 12 light arch windows to the upper floor, with 8 and narrow 4 light sash windows forming a large window to the ground floor. Feature entablature connects the two storeys. Traditional windows in residential properties are usually painted white, contributing to the coherent character. Windows of commercial properties are painted in a variety of colours, reinforcing the identity of the business.

The small stained glass fanlight above the Figure 107 A traditional, decorative shopfront window, private entrance to No. 62 is an important Road Weedon. element of the overall shop frontage.

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9.3.5 Doors, Entranceways and Porches

Traditional doors are mostly timber panelled, with Georgian buildings often six panel, and Victorian buildings four panel. With the exception of the former bank, doors to commercial premises are half glazed and like timber windows, are painted in a range of colours.

Fanlights occur on some Georgian buildings and also on some smaller commercial properties as part of shop frontages.

As most buildings are set close to the highway, entranceways are often shallow, with minimal detailing. Porches are not a feature within the settlement, although canopies have occasionally been added above doors. Unusual brick arches framing shared entranceways at Nos. 2-5 Watling Street add to the terrace’s distinctive character.

Impressive examples of historic double wrought iron gates remain at the entrance to the yards behind Nos. 25 and 62 High Street.

Figure 108 A range of traditional doors, entranceways and porches in Road Weedon.

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9.4 Positive Buildings 9.5 Local List Candidates

The map at Fig107 shows buildings in Road The Local List enables Daventry District Council Weedon which have been assessed as and communities to identify and celebrate providing a positive contribution in terms of their historic buildings, archaeological sites and historic and architectural interest to the overall designed landscapes which enhance and character of the area. enliven their local area. It also provides a level of non-statutory protection within the planning This positive contribution may be made by: process. Local Listing does not create further

 Their architectural style and merit controls with regards to planning permissions, but does provide weight to the assets retention,  Display of vernacular style should it be at risk. Local List candidates are judged by criteria assessing their age, condition  Evidence of the settlement’s historical and quality of architecture, their amenity within development local street scenes and their value as compared  Their role in maintaining a coherent to similar assets. spatial character Candidates are shown on the Proposals Map at  Their value as part of a wider group or Fig.107. street scene The following heritage assets in Road Weedon have been assessed as meriting recognition and are identified for inclusion within the Local List:

High Street:

 Station House

 No.70, Former National Westminster Bank

 The New Inn

 No.62

 No.25 & 23

 Tollhouse building, The Crossroads

(public house)

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Views Map

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Figure 109 Map showing important views and footpaths in Weedon Bec. © Crown copyright and database rights 2017 Ordnance Survey 100023735. Trees and Important Open Spaces Map

Figure 110 Map showing Tree Preservation Orders, Important Open Spaces and Ridge and Furrow in Weedon Bec. © Crown copyright and database rights 2017 Ordnance Survey 100023735.

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Positive Buildings Map

Figure 111 Map showing Listed Buildings, Local List candidates and Positive Buildings in Weedon Bec. © Crown copyright and database rights 2017 Ordnance Survey 100023735. 68

Due to the importance of the continuous built 10 Design Guidance frontage throughout the conservation area, new The following policies set out key design development and alterations must not affect the principles. Advice should always be sought from established building line, nor create gaps where Daventry District Council before commencing previously there were buildings or walls. This is any works. A Design Guide for Northamptonshire particularly important to maintain visual has been produced by CPRE which provides cohesion along the route of the A5 and A45 in useful advice Road Weedon.

10.1 Alterations and Extensions 10.3 Materials

There will be a presumption against proposals Continuity of materials greatly contributes to the for alterations and extensions which adversely area’s character and development must be affect the character of the conservation area or sensitively designed with this in mind. its setting. Alterations and extensions should be sympathetic to the character of the building The use of local materials if possible is within each of the distinct settlements of Upper encouraged. Weedon, Lower Weedon and Road Weedon in The majority of properties within Upper Weedon terms of proportions, scale, materials, and are built using either Northamptonshire detailing. sandstone and ironstone, coursed with local

New development, including extensions should limestone, or of local brick in Flemish bond. respect the appropriate pattern of historic plot Within Road Weedon, stone is generally not an formation. Farmyard groupings are a particularly acceptable building material, and red brick akin important feature in Upper Weedon and to the prevalent historic materials should be development at the Manor House site elsewhere used. in the conservation area demonstrates how a Pointing on historic buildings should be site’s previous agricultural use may be subservient and done using an appropriate successfully reflected in new development. grade of lime mortar, avoiding ribbon style.

10.2 Scale Rendering generally serves to detract from the visual amenity and uniformity of the street

Additions to existing buildings or new scenes in Weedon and should be avoided. development will generally not exceed two When considering exterior painting and storeys, and the ridgeline should respect the rendering, masonry paints are often not ridgeline of adjacent buildings. acceptable for use on buildings which pre-date 1919, as they can have a damaging effect on Ridgelines are typically varied across the stone and brickwork. In these cases it is more conservation area, and new development appropriate to use a lime-based render or lime should seek to be sympathetic to this style. wash.

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10.4 Detailing Dormer windows and rooflights are generally not acceptable on the front elevations of historic properties, and if used on rear elevations should Detailing is common on buildings across the be designed so that they are in proportion with proposed conservation area. The earliest the building and do not dominate the roof slope. buildings, particularly those in Upper Weedon Rooflights should be fitted flush to the roof line. and the Old Bakehouse at Lower Weedon, include stone hood moulds and mullion Simple eyebrow detailing should be used in windows. Later brick buildings throughout are situations accommodating thatch. often designed in the classical style, with appropriate details such as decorative pilasters, If replacement of traditional windows is hood moulding and dentil courses. These necessary, they should be: features greatly contribute to the character of the • sensitive to the original style; conservation area and new development should use appropriate designs in order to be • generally, either timber or metal double sympathetic to the existing form. casement;

In Lower Weedon and particularly in Road • if painted, window frames should be either Weedon, terracotta and brick detailing is white or where possible a relevant sensitive common, often in the form of decorative dentil colour based on the originals; courses and string courses. Some simple • original stone lintels should be retained and geometric patterns are also used. Those every care taken not to damage them if the properties which have dentil or string courses windows are being replaced; and, often also have decorative elements such as modillions on the chimney stacks. The impact of • uPVC is generally not an appropriate material unsympathetic detailing upon the character of for use in an historic property, the wider street scene may be seen at the One Stop shop in Lower Weedon, in contrast to the 10.6 Doors and Porches Post Office which happily retains much original detailing. Traditional doors within the proposed conservation area are all of timber, and usually a 10.5 Windows vernacular plank form. There will be a

presumption against uPVC as a material for A range of historic window styles survives across doors. Porches should not detract from or the proposed conservation area, including overwhelm the visual amenity of the relevant examples of mullion, Georgian and Victorian building elevation, and be appropriately sashes, arched and bay windows, greatly proportioned and scaled. enhancing Weedon Bec’s character and providing a clear sense of its architectural Many doors across the proposed conservation evolution. area have classically detailed entablatures and moulding, including some in pediment form in Traditional windows should be retained, Lower Weedon and Road Weedon. More maintained and repaired as far as possible. 70

modest properties often have simple rectangular as are long distance views of the ordnance entablature or no detailing at all. depot from the all directions.

10.7 Roofing 10.9 Public Realm

Traditional roofing materials such as slate, tile The public realm should enhance the character and thatch should be retained wherever of the conservation area. Surface materials possible. Replacement of thatch is generally not should, where possible, be sympathetic to the acceptable. surrounding built form, and historic materials should be retained or reinstated in all possible Several historic properties within Upper Weedon cases. Signage and street furniture should not and Lower Weedon have historically had thatch detract from the visual amenity of the street replaced with corrugated tin. This is a local scape; their design should be sympathetic and feature which contributes to the agricultural number kept to a minimum in order to avoid character those parts of the proposed clutter whilst properly taking account of public conservation area and should be retained. safety.

Ridgelines should be carefully designed so as Satellite dishes should not be placed on the not to obscure views of historic buildings, principle elevations of buildings, as they serve to particularly of the ordnance depot. Steeply detract from the visual amenity of the pitched roofs are a common feature of some conservation area. Furthermore, external wiring older, stone buildings indicating that they were should not be taken across the frontage of a formerly thatched; later slate roofs are of more building; or, where unavoidable, should be shallow pitch. Modern development should seek consolidated and kept tidy so as not to affect the to sit subservient to historic properties rather visual amenity of the building or street scape. than dominating them. New development should seek to ensure that 10.8 Setting measures are taken so that large waste bins are not visible to the street, including backland.

There will be a presumption against 10.10 Shopfronts developments which negatively affect the setting of a conservation area, particularly if they affect views into, out of and through the conservation Traditional shopfronts greatly contribute to the area. character of the conservation area in Lower Weedon and Road Weedon. Particularly good Important trees should be replaced where felling examples are 40, High Street and Brooklyn. takes place, so as to conserve the green setting Design alterations to existing shopfronts and of the conservation area. designs for new shopfronts should have regard

Views of the Special Landscape Area, as well as to the Daventry Shopfronts Design ridge and furrow to the south are especially Supplementary Planning Guidance, which integral to the setting of the conservation area, contains helpful guidance in order to maintain quality design. 71

As noted in this CAA appraisal, historic features Stallriser: The vertical area between the sill and such as window mullions, stall risers, floor tiling, the ground. Either decorative or plain and can be timber fasciae and sills are all integral to the built of timber, stone or brick and may have character of the shopfront and should be applied decorative tilework. retained. Appropriate signage is also essential to maintaining visual cohesion within the conservation area.

10.10.1 Shopfront elements glossary:

Cornice: The top section of the fascia which marks a division between the shop and the floor above. It may be decorated or plain. Usually constructed of timber or of local stone, it may have a protective layer of lead to combat the weather.

Fascia: The horizontal board below the cornice on which lettering is placed to signify the business.

Console bracket: Decorative elements used to determine the termination of one shop and the beginning of another. Usually these follow

Classical styling.

Fanlight: A glazed element above a door, usually square or rectangular. Glazing can be plain or decorative. Some open inwards to allow ventilation.

Pilaster: An applied decorative element in the form of a flat column, with base which projects from the wall but is not structural. Often decorated with fluting, and can be made of timber, stone or cast iron.

Plinth: The base of a pilaster.

Lobby: The small recessed entryway leading into a shop. Often incorporating decorative floor tiles, either encaustic or mosaic.

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11 Opportunities and Road Weedon (C) Proposals Work to complete the Link Road to the north of 11.1 Opportunities for Enhancement Road Weedon should remove the majority of heavy through traffic from the immediate area. As part of this appraisal areas throughout The character area within Road Weedon is the proposed conservation area and within dominated by the highway which is integral to its its setting have been identified which would historic character but detracts from its visual benefit from enhancement. amenity and enjoyment in its current state. Local traffic is a key factor in maintaining and These proposals are highlighted as a developing existing business, which should be priority should opportunity arise to managed in order to preserve and enhance the undertake enhancement. historic character of the traditional shopfronts and public houses on High Street. Royal Ordnance Depot (A)

Lower Weedon Crossroads (D) The Depot has influenced the wider development of Weedon Bec. A Conservation The staggered crossroads in Lower Weedon, at Plan exists for the Depot site which should be the junction of West Street, Bridge Street, Church used to inform development proposals. Street and New Street, has been identified as an area which could benefit from sensitive The majority of the site is listed at grade II* enhancement. Exterior maintenance of the however, several structures are currently placed buildings would enhance the visual approach on the Heritage At Risk Register maintained by from Bridge Street and West Street. Historic England.

This highlights the site as an opportunity for sensitive development/maintenance and repair which would enhance the proposed conservation area.

Dairy Farm Upper Weedon (B)

This site at the fringe of the village is currently vacant and unmaintained. The appropriate conservation and use of this site, maintaining its agricultural character is encouraged as an opportunity to enhance the gateway to the character area of Upper Weedon.

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11.1.1 Opportunities for Enhancement Map

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Figure 112 Map showing areas which would benefit from enhancement. © Crown copyright and database rights 2017 Ordnance Survey 100023735. 11.2 Article 4 Directions 11.3 Proposed Boundary

Certain development is already controlled A conservation area is proposed for Weedon through conservation area designation. Bec, comprising the three settlements of Lower Weedon, Upper Weedon and Road Weedon. Under the provisions of the Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Proposed boundaries to the new conservation (England) Order 2015, certain rights to area have been drawn to reflect Weedon Bec’s development which can normally be carried out special architectural and historic interest, and to without the need for planning permission, called allow the unique character of its three historic “permitted development rights” can be removed settlements of Lower Weedon, Upper Weedon to preserve and enhance elements which contribute to the character of the area. This is and Road Weedon to be preserved and controlled by an Article 4 Direction. enhanced.

Particular aspects of this Direction afford As detailed in Section 5 of the Appraisal, protection from incremental change to the Weedon Bec is set within the Northamptonshire historic environment, for instance, the alteration Uplands, being surrounded by high quality or replacement of windows and doors, agricultural land. Upper Weedon’s agricultural extensions or other material changes which origins are apparent from surrounding views and would affect the external façade of the property fields, some including medieval ridge and and in turn affect its character or the character of furrow. Section 6 details the historic evolution of the streetscape. Lower Weedon and Road Weedon around the major infrastructure routes of Watling Street, the The following Article 4 Directions are to be former Grand Junction Canal and the former explored in order to maintain the special London to Birmingham Railway. Although the character of the Weedon conservation area. Royal Ordnance Depot does not fall within this proposed conservation area designation, its Removal of permitted development rights under scale and influence upon local development is Article 4 of the General Permitted Development apparent in historic mapping, current views Order 2015, with respect to: across Upper and Lower Weedon and the built  Windows environment of all three character areas, as shown in the relative architectural and spatial  Doors and porches analyses.

 Laying of hardstanding The proximity of Watling Street, recorded

 Exterior painting of buildings medieval finds south of Upper Weedon and the believed location of the original nunnery close to  Erection or demolition of walls the church of St Peter and St Paul all offer further potential for new archaeology as detailed in

Section 6.

As part of the proposed conservation area, three “Character Areas” have been identified, as per 75

Section 6. Although these character areas are The Proposals Map below at Fig. 109 shows not themselves physically connected, they will both the proposed new boundaries and the together form a single wider “Weedon Bec location of candidates for Local List which are Conservation Area”. set out in full at Sections 8, 9 and 10 of this Appraisal. The three character areas are addressed separately at Sections 8, 9 and 10 respectively, with an Architectural and Spatial Analysis provided for each, reflecting their differing historic street pattern, land use, building styles, use of materials, scale and massing. Common to all of the character areas in Lower Weedon, Upper Weedon and Road Weedon is the special architectural interest of their built form and the importance of their setting. Weedon Bec contains a number of designated and non- designated assets, all of which contribute to its character. The Appraisal has recognised several non-designated assets in each of the character areas that provide a particularly important contribution and have therefore been proposed with the respective Sections 8, 9 and 10 for the

Local List of assets of special architectural or historic interest.

Analysis was undertaken of risks to the special interest and character of the wider Weedon Bec conservation area, and sites across all three character areas which would benefit from enhancement schemes have been highlighted at Section 12. The Management Plan at Section

13 provides further information regarding identified “Threats” to the wider character of the conservation area and sets out policies for its preservation and enhancement based on those threats.

For the reasons detailed above, new boundaries for a Weedon Bec Conservation Area have been proposed, alongside candidates for the Local List.

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11.4 Proposals Map

Figure 113 Map showing Proposed Conservation Area boundaries and Local List candidates. © Crown copyright and database rights 2017 Ordnance Survey 100023735. planning permission. The unlawful undertaking of 12 Management Plan any works within a conservation area is a criminal offence and could lead to enforcement action being taken.

The Conservation Area Appraisal is used to 12.2 Threats and Recommendations determine planning decisions, inform matters of enhancement, and during appeal processes. The following section details threats to the The following Management Plan sets out potential conservation area and policies recommending appropriate action. Responsibility for relevant action threats to the character of the conservation area with regards to the recommendation may rest with and how these threats might be mitigated through a number of stakeholders, including the County, appropriate policy recommendations. Below are District and Parish Councils as well as private detailed the planning controls which come into owners and developers. force as the result of conservation area designation, and help to preserve and enhance their special Threat 1: Development pressure historic and architectural interest. The Weedon Bec Conservation Area is subject to 12.1 Planning Controls pressure from development occurring on the fringes of the village, as well as potentially inappropriate or Within a conservation area, permission is needed to: detrimental infill.

 Demolish a building with a volume of more Recommendation 1: than 115 cubic metres. There are a few exceptions. Further information can be Applicants and planners should have regard to the obtained from Daventry District Council. elements of significance highlighted in the  To demolish a gate, fence, wall or railing over 1 metre high next to a highway appraisal. Development proposals should be (including a public footpath or bridleway) or sympathetic to the existing historic environment, public open space; or over 2 metres high preserving and enhancing its character. elsewhere  To carry out works to trees which have a In particular, maintaining the traditional “farm trunk diameter of 75mm or over at 1,5 complex” style of development in Upper Weedon metres above ground level. This includes and linear development in Road Weedon in line felling, pruning, topping and lopping. with the highway should be a priority.

Permitted development rights are removed with Threat 2: Loss of visual link with Royal respect to the following, where permission must be Ordnance Depot sought:

Currently, visual links to the Depot contribute greatly  Cladding the exterior of a building with to the character and significance of the render, stone, timber, tiles or plastic, etc;  Side extensions; conservation area. The Depot dominates views as a  Rear extensions of more than one storey; landmarks construction both from a distance and  Installation of satellite dishes and radio internally. Its relationship to the conservation area is antennae which are visible from the an essential part of the wider character of Weedon highway. Bec and is vulnerable to inappropriate development. It is advised that guidance should be sought from Daventry District Council before the undertaking of any works if you suspect they might require 78

Recommendation 2: Threat 5: Loss of original architectural features Development proposals affecting the site or its visual links should have regard to the importance of Many non-designated properties within the internal as well as wider views of the Depot. conservation area have lost original features such as traditional timber fenestration and doors, roofing Threat 3: Loss of visual link with agricultural materials and other detailing. This is detrimental to setting the character of the conservation area.

The agricultural setting of Weedon Bec and the Recommendation 5: conservation area is inherent to its historic character. Views of the surrounding landscape and Development proposals should have regard to the areas of ridge and furrow around the village are design principles set out in Section?? of this vulnerable to development. document in order to preserve the architectural interest of the conservation area. Daventry District Recommendation 3: Council has proposed the introduction of Article 4 Directions to certain properties in order to preserve Development proposals should have regard to the the character of the conservation area. special importance of the conservation area’s setting, and views of it. Proposals which retain Works to listed buildings will require consent in historic ridge and furrow are encouraged. most cases.

Threat 4: Impact on historic infrastructure Threat 6: Impact on trees

Historic infrastructure, including the road network, There are a high number of Tree Preservation canal corridor and railway line, contributes directly Orders within the conservation area, and on its to the significance of the Weedon Bec Conservation fringes. Numerous trees which are not protected by Area. Tree Preservation Orders contribute directly to the special historic interest of the Weedon Bec It is recognised that development proposals could Conservation Area. There are also significant trees have a detrimental effect on historic infrastructure which are not currently given protection under across the village. conservation area designation. Recommendation 4: Recommendation 6: Development proposals should have regard to the Under Section 211 of the Town and Country setting of the Roman Watling Street, the Grand Planning Act 1990 permissions are required to carry Union Canal and the West Coast Mainline and out works to trees over a certain size within a associated structures. conservation area. This includes topping, lopping, Within the settlement traffic control measures pruning and felling. should be proportionate and sensitive to the Development proposals should have regard for the immediate setting. contribution of trees throughout the conservation area as well as their effect on its setting. Weedon Bec Cemetery contains a number of

mature trees of various species and boundary 79

planting which contribute directly to its secluded surrounding the safety of the public realm, to which and peaceful character and the setting of Lower the councils must adhere. Weedon, and should be given regard. Traffic management should be undertaken in order Threat 7: Impact on local green space to preserve and enhance the conservation area where possible. Local green spaces, as identified within the appraisal, contribute to the internal character of the Areas of historic paving material or sympathetic conservation area. It is recognised that these surfaces are vulnerable to damage or removal spaces are vulnerable to inappropriate during utilities work. development. Recommendation 9: Recommendation 7: Development proposals should have regard to the

Developments which affect the amenity value of impact of traffic levels on the historic environment. green spaces should have regard to their Where possible, historic paving materials and contribution to the character of the conservation surfaces should be retained after any works to the area and their impact within important views. highways. Where possible, Daventry District Council will seek to ensure that the public realm does not Threat 8: Impact on archaeology detract from the character of the conservation area.

Weedon Bec has been inhabited for many Threat 10: Public Realm centuries and lies close to the Roman road of Watling Street. It is recognised that buried evidence The condition of the public realm has great effect on for past occupation may survive within the modern the quality of a conservation area, and should be settlement. Development proposals have the maintained to a high standard by all stakeholders. potential to have a detrimental impact on these Street furniture within the Weedon Bec remains. Conservation Area is generally modern in style.

Recommendation 8: The public realm in Road Weedon is dominated by the highway which at present detracts from the Development which involves below ground character of the conservation area. This area has excavation should have regard to the potential for been identified in the appraisal as an opportunity for remains of archaeological interest. Professional enhancement. advice should be sought and appropriate assessment undertaken. Recommendation 10:

Threat 9: Highways Where possible street furniture within the conservation area should be consolidated and kept Controls over highways are not within the remit of to a minimum in order to prevent cluttering the Daventry District Council. It is recognised that street space. Good design should be encouraged to highways and the public realm directly contribute to enhance the conservation area. the character of conservation areas, however there is little which can be achieved by the District Opportunities to enhance the public realm in Road Council in the short term. Northamptonshire County Weedon should be prioritised once the Link Road Council is responsible for the majority of highways becomes operational. matters. There are also strict regulations

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Where possible works should be undertaken with reference to Historic England’s Streets for All: East

Midlands guidance.

Threat 11: Traditional Shopfronts

Traditional shopfronts are a feature of both Lower and Road Weedon which contribute to their architectural and historic interest. Features of these shopfronts are vulnerable to unsympathetic development, including the removal of traditional window features and the addition of inappropriate signage.

Recommendation 11:

The retention of traditional shopfront features is encouraged as is the reinstatement of lost features which are appropriately designed to be in keeping with existing character.

Threat 12: Weedon War Memorial

The Weedon War Memorial, located in the Weedon

Cemetery to the east of Lower Weedon, is not currently designated as a listed building.

Historic England is currently undertaking a scheme to assess and list war memorials in England, and the Weedon War Memorial is a likely candidate. If the memorial obelisk were listed it would afford it protection as well as enhance the likelihood of future private grants for maintenance or repair.

Recommendation 12:

Daventry District Council recognises that the War Memorial should be recommended to Historic England for listing, at which stage landowners and stakeholders will be consulted.

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Sources Further Information

Information regarding conservation areas can be This document was produced with reference to: found on our website at: www.daventrydc.gov.uk/ConservationAreas British Strategic Stone Survey, English Heritage Information regarding local history can be found at the Northamptonshire Record Office or Department of Communities and Local Government Northamptonshire Libraries. (2012) National Planning Policy Framework Copyright Historic England (2016) Conservation Area Ordnance Survey maps are reproduced under Designation, Appraisal and Management licence. © Crown copyright and database rights

2017 Ordnance Survey 100023735. Historic England (2016) Local Heritage Listing OS maps may not be reproduced without the

permission of Ordnance Survey. Images have been Historic England (2008) Conservation Principles, reproduced with permission from Northamptonshire Policies and Guidance Record Office.

The text and images in this document are subject to Historic England (2015) The Setting of Heritage copyright and may not be reproduced without Assets: Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning 3 appropriate referencing.

Historic England (2006) Streets for All: East Midlands

Northamptonshire Green Infrastructure Suite

Northamptonshire Record Office

Northamptonshire Historic Environment Record

Royal Commission for Historic Monuments (1981) An Inventory of Historical Monuments in the County of Northampton, Vol. III: Archaeological Sites in North-West Northamptonshire, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office: London.

Victoria County History (1937) A History of the County of Northampton: Volume 4, Victoria County History: London.

Internet Sources www.british-history.ac.uk www.daventrydc.gov.uk www.heritagegateway.org.uk www.historicengland.org.uk

This document was also produced with assistance from Weedon Bec Parish Council and Weedon Bec History Society. 82

Published in September 2017 by Daventry District Council Lodge Road, Daventry, NN11 4FP 83 www.daventrydc.gov.uk/ConservationAreas

Email: [email protected]