U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Sewce General Technical Report SO-22

Selected Bibliography of the Clearwing Borers () of the United States and Canada

J. D. SOLOMON AND M. E. DIX SUMMARY The larvae of Sesiidae bore in trunks, bark, stems, or roots of forest trees, shade and omamental trees, fruit trees, vines, and other crops. Often they do considerable damage. Over the years much has been published on the clear- wing borers; this bibliography attempts to cover the major works. The compila- tion is in alphabetical order by author and indexed to to aid those interested in the literature concerning particular species. Selected Bibliography of the Clearwing Borers (Sesiidae) of the United States and Canada

J. D. SOLOMON AND M. E. DIX

Members of the Sesiidae are generally re- Sesiidae, but some undoubtedly were missed. Al- ferred to as clearwing borers because most bear a though numerous short papers and notes were in- striking resemblance to and and because cluded, many were intentionally omitted. the larvae bore in trunks, bark, stems, or roots of trees, The initial sources of references were our files and shrubs, vines, and other plants. the various entomological, forestry, and agricultural Many species, because of the extensive damage periodicals. Other important sources were Biological they do by mining and tunneling, are important pests. Abstracts, Forestry Abstracts, Review of Applied En- Species in the genera Hubner, tomology, and the National Agricultural Library's ref- Moschler, Hubner, and Fab. are erence service. particularly known for causing defects and degrade in The bibliography is in alphabetical order by authors. timber species, mortality in shelterbelt and ornamental An index to species and their synonyms is provided to plantings, and cull in nurseries. If not controlled, aid those interested in pursuing the literature on par- (Say) and S. pictipes (G. & R.) ticular species. The scientific names and the generic can destroy entire orchards of fruit trees. Several and specific combinations given with the citations are species in the genera Engelhardt, as they were presented in the particular reference. Hubner, and Pennsetia Dehne cause serious losses to Refer to the species index for the current usage. The various crops. currently recognized valid species as presented by Over the years, considerable material has been Duckworth and Eichlin (193)were used except that a printed on the clearwing borers. Holloway, Childers, new species later described by Purrington and Nielson and Gentry (311) recently published a bibliography (452) and one described by Duckworth and Eichlin on and S. exitiosa containing (194) are included. 163 references. Duckworth and Eichlin (193)included This bibliography is intended for use by en- numerous references in their recent paper on classifi- tomologists, foresters, horticulturists, pest control cation. operators, and others who wish to refer to the litera- The selective compilation presented here is an out- ture on the clearwing borers in the family Sesiidae. growth of research on thePodosesia borers in ash and Anyone beginning a study of the Sesiidae should Paranthrene borers in oaks and cottonwood. We see the papers by Beutenmuller, Duckworth and made an attempt to include the major papers on Eichlin, Edwards, Engelhardt, MacKay, and Riley.

J. D. Solomon is Research Entomologist, Forest Service - USDA, Southern Forest Experiment Station, Stoneville, Miss. M. E. Dix is Research Entomologist, Forest Service - USDA, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Bottineau, North Dakota. 1. Abrahamson, L. P. and F. I. McCracken. 1972. and 26. Appleby, J. E. 1973. Observations on the life history and disease pests of southern hardwoods. In Proc. South- control of the lilac borer. J. Econ. Entornol. 66:248-249. east. Hardwood Syrnp. (19711, p. 80-89. U.S. Dep, Agric. 27. Armstrong, T. 1940. The life history of the tree For. Serv., Southeast. Area, State and Priv. For., AtIanta, borer, Synanthedon exitiosa Say, in Ontario. Sci. Agric. Ga. 20:557-565. 2. Abrahamson, L. P., R. C. Morris and N. A. Overgaard. 1977. 28. Armstrong, T. and H. R. Boyce. 1958. Control of borers Control of certain insect pests in coftonwood nurse- attacking peach trees in Ontario. Can. Dep. Agric. ries with the systemic insecticide carbofuran. J. Publ. 1039, 6 p. Econ. Entomol. 70:89-91. 29. Attwood, V. G. and W. D. Wylie. 1963. Grape root borer 3. Abrahamson, L. P. and L, Newsome. 1972. Tree age influ- threatens vineyards. Ark, Farm Res. 12:6. ences tmnk borer fnfestations in cottonwosd plan- 30. Baerg, W.J. 1924. Destroying peach tree borers wiah tations. For. Sci. 18:231-232. paradichlorobenzene. Ark. Agric. Ext. Circ. 169, 2 p. 4. Aeyers, G. and A. J. Howitt. 1963. A new pest of blue- 31. Baerg, W. J, and C. Lincoln. 1944. Control by fumigation. berries in Michigan, p. 87-88. Proc. 18th Entomol. Soc. Ark. Agric. Coll. Ext. Circ. 169, 5 p. Am., N. Cent. Branch Meet. 32. Baerg, W. J. and C. Lincoln. 1947. Control peach tree 5. Aldrich, J. M. 1892. Notes of the season from South borers (Sanninoidea exitiosa). Ark. Agric. Ext. Leafl. 91, 6 Dakota. Insect Life 467-78. P . 6. All, J. N. and J. D. Dutcher. 1977. Subsurface and surface 33. Bailey, J. G. 18'79. The natural history of Aegena pictipes. insecticide applications to control subterranean lar- N. Am. Entomol. 1:17-21. vae of the grape root borer. J. Econ. Entomol. 70:649- 34. Bailey, J. S. 1933. Peach growing in Massachusetts. 652. Mass. Ext. Leafl. 146, 15 p. 7. Anderson, R. F. 1960. Forest and shade tree entomol- 35. Baker, W. L. 1972. Eastern forest , p. 397-402. ogy, p. 262-264. Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 428 p. U.S. Dep. Agric. Misc. Publ. 1175, 642 p. 8. Andison, H. 1948. Insects of the season in 1947. Can. 36. Bambara, S. B. and H. H. Neunzig. 1977. Descriptions of Insect Pest Rev. 26(1):9, 69. immature stages of the grape root borer, Vitacea polis- 9. Andison, H. 1950. Insects of the season in 1949. Can. tiformis (Lepid0ptera:Sesiidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. Insect Pest Rev. 28(1):3, 33, 51, 66-67. 70: 871-875. 10. Andison, H. 1951. Fruit and ornamental insects of the 37. Barnes, G. and J. E. Roberts. 1966. Chemical control of season in 1950. Can. Insect Pest Rev. 29(1):10, 42, 76. Sanninoidea exitiosa, pest of peach and plum trees. Ark. 11. Anonymous. 1917. Asphaltum for peach borers. The Univ. Ext. Leafl. 91, 4 p. Rural New Yorker 76404. 38. Barnes, P. T. 1916. The control of insects injurious to 12. Anonymous. 1922. Experiments on control of borers plums and cherries, p. 38-44. Proc. Penn. State Hortic. and !eaf curl of , p. 1-7. N.Y. State Agric. Ext. Assoc. for 1916, 57th Annu. Meet. Circ. 64. 39. Barnes, W. and F. H. Benjamin. 1925. Change of a preoc- 13. Anonymous. 1923. Peach borer and the paradi- cupied name (Lepid0ptera:Aegeriidae). Proc. En- chlorobenzene treatment, p. 1-4. Ky. Agric. Ext. Circ. tomol. Soc. Wash. 27:14. 159. 40. Barnes, W. and A. W. Lindsey. 1922. Descriptions of two 14. Anonymous. 1926. . The Rural New new species of Aegeriidae (Lep.). Brooklyn Entomol. Yorker 85:928. Soc. Bull. 18:122-123. 15. Anonymous. 1931. Raspberry crown borer. Am. Agric. 41. Barss, H. P. and A. L. Lovett. 1924. Orchard spray pro- 28: 68. gram for Oregon, p. 7. Oreg. Agric. Coll. Ext. Bull. 369,19 16. Anonymous. 1938. Spraying program and pest control P - for fruit crops, p. 49. Ohio Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 128,52p. 42. Bartel, L. 1929. Crystals kill root borers. Oreg. Farmer 17. Anonymous. 1939. Orchard and Garden: Control straw- Biweekly 49:51. berry pests by prevention. Wash. Farmer Biweekly 43. Beal, J. A., W. Haliburton and F. B. Knight. 1952. Forest 64: 86. insects of the southeast: with special reference to 18. Anonymous. 1946. Paradichlorobenzene gives best species occurring in the Piedmont Plateau of North control of peach borer when used in fall. Agric. News- Carolina, p. 57-58, 67-69, Duke Univ. School For. Bull. letter 14:75-76. 14. 19. Anonymous. 1947. Spraying program and pest control 44. Becker, G. G. 1917. Notes on the peach tree borer (San- for fruit crops, p. 59-60. Ohio Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 670. ninoidea exitiosa). J. Econ. Entomol. 10:49-59. 20. Anonymous. 1951. Pest control for Indiana fruit, p. 45. Becker, G. G. 1917. The control of the round-headed 22-23. Purdue Univ. Agric. Ext. Bull. 310. apple tree borer. J. Econ. Entomol. 10:66-71. 21. Anonymous. 1953. Control of peach tree borers, p. 46. Becker, G. G. 1918. The peach tree borer, Sanninoidea 52-55. Ohio Agric. Ext. Serv. Bull. 2. exitiosa Say. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. 150, 32 p. 22. Anonymous. 1961. A poplar clearwing (Paranthrene 47. Becker, G.G. 1918. The round-headed apple-tree borer, tabaniformis Rott.). Coop. Econ. Insect Rep. 11(6):63-64. p. 25. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. 146, 62 p. 23. Anthon, E. W. 1950. How to control the peach tree 48. Behrens, J. 1889. Some Texas, Arizona and California borer. Better Fruit 44(8):6, 8. . Can. Entornol. 21: 161-163. 24. Anthon, E. W. 1955. The peach tree borer. Wash. Agric. 49. Bell, J. T. and E. B. Reed. 1881. The maple-tree borer. Exp. Stn., Stn. Circ. 77 rev. 4 p. Can. Entomol. 13:236. 25. Antonio, A. Q., J. R. McLaughlin, N. C. Leppla and C. W. 50. Beroza, M. 1976. Control of the gypsy and other Green. 1975. Culturing the lesser peach tree borer. J. insects with behavior con troll in^ chemicals, p. 99- Econ. Entomol. 68:309-310. 118. Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. 23, 192 p. 51. Besse, R. S. 1937. Effect of agricultural and home 76. Blake, M.A. and G. H.Gonnors. 1914. Peach borer obser- economics research on Oregon" AAgrlcultural Pro- vations at Vineland, p. 75-80. N.J. Agric. Exp. Stn., 35th gress, p. 40-41. Oreg. State Agric. Exp. Stn., Stn. Bull. 350, Annu. Rep. 85 p. 77. Biakeslee. E. B. 1915. A mechanical protector for pre- 52. Bethune, C. J. S. 1873. Grape vine borer. Can. Entomol. venting injury by the peach borer. J. Econ. Entomol. 5:218-219. 8: 103-107. 53. hthune, C, J. S. 1888. Remedies for noxious insects, p. 78 Blakeslee, E. B. 1919. Use of toxic gases as a possible 54-55. Entomol. Soc. Ont. 18th Annu. Rep. for 1887. means of control of the peach tree borer. U.S.Dep. 54. Beutenmuller, W. 1890. Catalogue of the Agric. Buli. 796, 23 p. found within fifty miles of New Vork City, with their 79. Bobb, M. L. 1943. Ethylene dichloride emulsion and fsed plan&- Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 5204-206. paradichlorobenaene cwstals In peach tree borer 55, Beutenmuller, W. 1892. List of types of Lepidoptera in control. va. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 347. 11 p. the Edwards collection of insects. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. 80. Bobb, M. L. 1947. New insecticides for peach insects, Hist. 4: 167-198. The Mountaineer Grower 17: 16-24. 56. Beutenmuller, W. 1893. Notes on some North American 81. Bobb, M. L. 1949. Sprays for control of the peach tree moths, with descriptions of new species. Bull. Am. borer. J. Econ. Entomol. 42:343-345 Mus. Nat. Hist. 5: 19-26. 82. Bobb, M. L. 1957. Life history of the lesser peach tree 57. Beutenmuller, W. 1894. Studies sf some NorCh American borer in Virginia. Va. J. Sci. 8:297. moths. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 6:84-98, 172, 365-2368. 83. Bobb, M. L. 1959. The biology of the lesser peach tree 58. Beutenmuller, W. 1896. Critical review of the Sesiidae borer in Virginia. J. Econ. Entomol. 52:634-636. found in America north of Mexico. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. 84. Bobb, M. L. 1961. Control of the lesser peach tree borer Hist. 8:111-148. in Virginia. J. Econ. Entorno]. 54799-800. 59. Beutenmuller, W. 1897. Food habits of North American 85. Bobb, M. L. 1966. Effectiveness of insecticides for con- Sesiidae. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 9:217-221. trol of the lesser peach tree barer. J. Econ. Entornol. 60. Beutenmuller, W. 1897. Notes on North American 59971-973. Sesiidae, with descriptions of new species. Bull. Am. 86. Bobb, M. L. 1969. lnsecticides for control of the Iesser Mus. Nat. Hist. 9:213-216. peach tree borer, with notes on the peach tree borer. 61. Beutenmuller, W. 1898. Three new species of Sesiidae. J. Econ. Entornol. 62: 1447-1448. J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 6240-241. 87. Borror, D. J. and D. M. DeLong. 1954. An introduction to 62. Beutenmuller, W. 1899. Notes on the descriptions of the study of insecb, p. 537-538. Holt, Rinehart. and some new species of North American Lepidoptera. Winston, N.Y., 1030 p. J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 7:254-256. 88. Bowles, G. J. 1871. Quebec currant worms. Can. 63. Beutenmuiler, W. 1899. On some species of North Entomol. 3: 8-10 American Lepidoptera. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 89. Boyce, H. R. 1959. Chemical control of the lesser peach 12:157-160. tree borer, Synanthedon pictrpes (6.& R.) (Lepidop- 64. Beutenmuller, W. 1899. Synopsis of the species ofMelittia tera:Aegeriidae), in Essex County, Ontario. Can. J. of America, north of Mexico, with description of a Plant Sci. 39: 75-79. new species. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 12:149-151. 90. Boyce, H. R. 1962. Peach tree borers (Lepidop- 65. Beutenmuller, W. 1900. A new sesiid from Alaska. Can. tera:Aegeriidae) in Ontario, Proc. Entomol. Soc. Ont. Entomol. 32: 208. 9245-58. 66. Beutenmuller, W. 1900. Note on Sesia arctica. Can. En- 91. Boyce, H. R. 1965. Note on bivoltinism in the lesser tomol. 32:277-278. peach tree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (G. & R.). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Ont. 95: 139. 67. Beutenmuller, W. 1900. Synopsis of food habits of the larvae of the Sesiidae. Can. Entomol. 32:301-303. 92. Boyce, H. R. and G. M. Weaver. 1965. Preliminary evi- 68. Beutenmuller, W. 1900. Two new Sesiidae. J. N.Y. dence of host resistance to the peach tree borer, Entomol. Soc. 8:254-256. Sanninoidea exitiosa. Can. J. Plant Sci. 45:293-294. 69. Beutenmuller, W. 1901. Monograph of the Sesiidae of 93. Boyd, W.M. 1945. Injurious insects of New Jersey nur- America, north of Mexico. Mem. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. series, p. 134-136. N. J. Dep. Agric. Circ. 355. 1:2 17-352. 94. Boyd, W. M. 1953. Insects of importance in New Jersey 70. Beutenmuller, W. 1902. Description of a new sesiid. nurseries, p. 162-166. N. J. Dep. Agric. Circ. 390. J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 10:126. 95. Breakey, E. P. 1963. Bfology and control of the raspberry 71. Beutenmuller, W. 1909. Descriptions of three new crown borer, maginata (Harris). Wash. Agric. Sesiidae. Entomol. News 20:82-84. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. 39, 14 p. 72. Beutenrnuller, Mi. 1916. Descriptions of a new sesiid. 96. B1.;mley, C. S. 1938. The insects of North Carolina, p. Can. Entornol. 48: 372. 301-305. N. C. Dep. Agric. Dv. Entomol., Raleigh. 73. Bird. R. D.and D. A. V. Mitchener. 1946. Insects of the 97. BriMsn, In;. E. 1923. The rhododendron borer, p. 347-351. season 1945 in Manitoba, p. 71. Can. Insect Pest Rev. Conn. Agric. Exp. Stn. Buil. 247. 24, 73 p. 98. BriMon, Mi. E. 1933. Plant pest handbook for Connec- 74. Bissell, T. L. and M. Dupree. 1947. Vegetable insect ticut. 1. Insects, p. 139, 155-156, 164. Conn. Agric. Exp. pests. Ga. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 254, 21 p. Stn. Buli. 344. 75. Blake M. A. 1907. Sand cherry and American plum on 99. Britton. W. E. and M. P. Zappe. 1927. Some insect pests of peach stocks to control the peach borer, p. 128-130. nurseq stock in Connecticut, p. 132-134. Conn. State N. J. Agric. Exp. Stn., 28th Annu. Rep. Agric. Exp. Stn. Buil. 292.

149 Cdy, C. E. 194.4. Pests on strawberrjes reduced by 174 Diiv~s,S FI and C G Hamliton 1955 Dfseasecs and dusts, bait. Better fruit 3&2-6. lnsect pes& of rhododendron and malea, p 4,16,18 150 Cody, L R 1919 Peach root borer, Orchard and Farm N J Agnc Exp Stn Glrc 571,30 p 31:34 175 Dean, G A 1922 Some important garden insects, p 151. Coleman, V. R. 1968. ControI of Thamnosphecia scitula 154-170 Kans State Hortic Soc Bienn Rep for years and Obereo t~punctataGa. Univ. Ext. Leafl. 40. 6 p 1920-1921 36 163-180 152. Cone, W. W 1967. InsecticirIat response of currant 176 Dean. G A 1930 Insecb injurious to cumants and in- borer and -0-spotted spider mite on currants In see% fnjurioas to raspberry and blackberry, p 148- central Washington. J. Econ. Entomctl 60436-441. 150 Kans State Hortlc Soc Btenn Rep for years 1828- 153. Conradi, A, F. and W.A. Thomas. 1909. Peachtree borer, 1928 40 137-155 p, 7. S. 6, Agric. Exp. Stn. Annu. Rep. 124. 177 Dlx M E 1976 Protection of Great Plains shelterbellts 154. Cook, A. J. 1875, Insects fnfurious to ifam, garden, and Insects*p 164-177. In Proc Syrnp Shelterbelts on orchard, p. 136-142. Mich. State Board Agric. 13th Annu. the Great Pfalns, Great PIains Agric Gounc Pub1 78,218 p Rep. for 1874. 178 Dlxon, S f-I 1913 ABC of hltgrowing, p 132-134 Tex 155. Cook. A. J. 1875. The currant borer. Country Gentlemen Dep Agnc Bull 32 11:438-439. 179 Doane, R W . E C VanDyke, W J Chamberlin and H E 156. Cook, A. J. 1891. Currant borers, p 106-110 Proc. Mfch Burke 1936 Forest Insects, p 319-323 McGraw-H111, Hortic. Soc, for 1890. N Y , 463 p 157. Cook, A. J 1917 Borers in peach trees. The Rural Mew 180 Doiphln, R E and D G Baws 1974 Lesser peach tree Vorker 76: 110'7 borer cclnitrol projects In the USDA, p 55-59 Proc 158. Cook, J. R. and J. D. Solomon. 1976. Damage, biologjr, 33rd Annu Gonv Natl Peach Gouncll and natural control of insect borers in cottonwood 181 Dolphin, R E and K W Lamansky 1970 Extending the (Popuius deitoides). In Proc. Symp. Eastern Cottonwood life of stored thimIng apples used to rear the lesser and Related Species, Sept. 28-0ct. 2. 1976, p. 272-279. peach tree borer. J Econ Entornol 63 306-307 159. Coquillen, D. W. and C. V. Riley. 1891. The California 182 Doliphln, R E , T E MQUZI~and M L Cleveland 19'72 In- peach-tree borer, Insect Life 3:392-393. sects associated witlh peach wood In eastern United 160. Cory, E. N. 1913. The peach tree borer Sanninoidea States. Can Enforno! 104 1593-1608 exitiosa Say, p. 181-218. Md. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 176. 183 Dolphtn, R E , T T V Wong, D G Davis, D F Ralston, 161. Graighead, E. M. 1923. Emergence records of the peach T E Mouzin, J A Burns~deand H L Chandler 1973 tree borer, Aegefia aitioso (Say), in Pennsylvania. J. Mass trapping of the lesser peachtree borer on Econ. Entomol. 16376-377. Washington Island, Wisconsin, p 173-174 Proc 28th 162. Cushman, R. A. 1921. The North American Entornol Soc Am N Cent Branch Meet Ichneumon-flies of the tribe Eplhialtint- U. S. Natl. Mus I84 Dorn, D E and L R Auchrnoody 1974 Progress report Proc. 58: 339. effects of fertilization on vegetative growth and early 163. Darrow, G. M. 1919. Regions where currants and flowering and Zrufting of seed orchard black cherry, p gooseberries can be grown, p 19. U.S. Dep. Agric. 6-16 Proc 2 1st Northeast For Tree Irnprov Gonf (1973) Farmers Bull. 1024, 40 p. 185 Dougtass, B W 1922 Peach tree's enemy. count^ 164. Darrow, 6. M. and S. B. Dehviler. 1929. Cumants and Gentleman 8'7 18 gooseberries: their culture and relationship to 186 Dowell. C T 1922 New facts for Oklahoma farmers, p white-pine blister rust, p. 16. U.S. Dep. Agric. Farmers 18-19 Okla Agric Exp Stn Rep 31, 28 p Bull. 1398, 43 p. 187 Downes, W 1922 The sbrawberry root weevil with notes 165. Darrow, G. M, and S. B. Detwiier. 1946. Currants and on other insects affecting sbrawbenies, p 15-16 Can gooseberries: their culture and relation to white-pine Dep Agnc Entornol Branch Pam 5, 16 p blister rust, p. 17. U. S. Dep. Agric. Farmers Bull. 1398rev. 188 Downes, W , K M K~ngand H Anderson 1947 A review of 38 p. 1946. Can Insect Pest Rev 25 100 166. Davis, G. 6. 1892. Notes on few borers. Insect Life 189 Driggers, B F and C L Smith 1944 Field tests of DDT to 4:64-67. control the peach borer, J Econ Entomol 37 537 167. Davis, J. J. 1921. Controi of the peach tree borer. Purdue 190 Duckworth, W D and T D Eichl~n 1973 New species of Agric. Ext. Leafl. 121, 4 p. cleaming moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from North 168. Davis. J. J. 1922. lnsect problems In Indiana during America. Proc Enrsmol Soc Wash 75 150-159 1921. J. Econ. Entornol. 15:277-282. 191 Duckworth, W D and T I3 Elchlin 1973 The type-ma- 169. Davis, J. J. 1922. Paradilchtorobenzene egective against terial of North American elearwing moths the peach tree borer. Indiana E-Iortic. Sac. Trans. 61: 195. (Eepddoplera:Seeiidile). Srnltkson~anContnb to Zoo1 170. Davis. J. J. 1925. lnsect coabrol notes. Hoosier Ifortic. 148, 34 p 7.158- 159. 192 Duckworth, W D and T D Enchhn 1376 A new species of 171. Davis, J. J, 1929. Dates for treaaing peach tree borer- cleawing moth (Lepldcrptera: Sesfldae) from north- Hoosier Wsrtic. 1 1.79-80. ern Mexico and southeastern Arizona. Proc Entornol 172. Davis, J. 14, 1952. BrotecaSng shade trees and shrubs Soc Wash 78 304-308 against insects, p. 19-20. Purdue Univ. Agric. Ext. Serv . 193 Duckworfh W D and T D Elchirn 1977 A classification Ext. Bull. 168. of the Sesildae of America north clf Mexico 173. Davis, J. J. and M. W. Gardner. 11631. Insect and disease (Lep8doptera:SesioIdeaj.Occas Paper In Entornot 26, problems of &te peach grower, p. 4-5. Purdue Agric. Ext. 54 p Cahi Dep Food and Agrrc . Dw Plant Ind , Sac- BuIL. 176, 24 p. ramento, Calif 194. Duckworth, LV. D.and T. D.Eichlin. 1977. A new species of 219 Engelhardt, G P 1925 Studies In North American cleanuing moth from Southcentral Texas. Pan-Pacific Aegeriidae (Lepidoptera). I. Descriptions and cor- EntomoI. 53: 175-178. reclfons of species from Long Island, New York. Bull 195. Duckworth. W.D. and T. D. Eichlin. 1977. Two new Brooklyn Entornol Soc 20 61-69 species of cleanuing moths (Lepidoptera:Sesildae) 220 Engelhardt, G P 1925 Studies of North America from eastern North America clarified by sex Aegeriidae (Lepldoptera). 11, Descriptions of two pheromones. J. Lepidopt. Soc. 31: 291 - 196. new western species. Buil Brooklyn Entornol Soc 296. Dupree. M. 1972. Overwintering stages of: the Iesser 20 215-217 peach tree borer in Georgia peach orchards. Ga. Agric. 221 Engelhardt G P 1925 Studies of North American Exp. Stn. Res. Rep. 144, 7 p. Aegeriidae (Lepidoptera). 111. Clematis root borers of 197. Dupree, M. 1973. Beach borer control with an extended Amerfcan noath of Mexfcs. Bull Edrookiyn Entomol Soc spray schedule. J. Ga. Entomol Soc. 8:303-306. 20 153-158 198. Dupree, M. 1973. Seasonal emergence of Iesser peach 222 Engelhardt, G P 1928 Boisduval types of Aegertidae in tree borer adults (Lepid0ptera:Aegeriidae). J. Ga. the Wm. Barnes collection of N. A. Lepidoptera. Bull Entomol. Soc. 8:238-240. Brooklyn Entomol Soc 23 67-68 199. Dutcher, J. D. and J. N,All. 1976. Beware the grape root 223 Engelhardt, G P 1936 Desert in bloom. Buil Brooklyn borer. J. Am. Fruit Grower 96: 18-19. Entornot Soc 31 49-56 200. Dutsch, T. P. 1944. The use of Palustrex Sutfonate for 224 Engelhardt, G P 1937 Proceedings of the Society. Buii control of shot-hole (Scolytus rugulosus) and lesser Brooklyn Entomol. Soc 32 80-89 peach tree (Sanninoidea pietipes) borers. La. Agric. Exp. 225 Engelhardt, G P 1939 Proceedings of the Society. Bull Stn. Insect Pest Control Res. Leafl. 10, 2 p. Brooklyn Entornof Soc 34 224-227 201. Dyar, H. G. 1894. A classification of lepidopterous lar- 226 Engelhardt, G P 1946 The North American clear-wing vae. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 8:194-232. moths of the family Aegeriidae. U S Natl Mus Bull 202. Dyar, H. G. 1900. Papers from the Hamiman Alaska Ex- 190, 222 p pedition, XII. Lepidoptera. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 227 Eshbaugh, E L 1961 Biology and control of the peach 2: 499-501. tree borer in southcentral Kansas, p 64-65 16th En- 203. Dyar, H. G. 1902. List of North American Lepidoptera, tomol Soc Am N Cent Branch Proc p. 365. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 52. 228 Essig, E 0 1922 The paradichlorobenzene treatment. 204. Dyar, H. G. 1904. Additions to the list of North Ameri- J Econ Entomol 15 178 can Lepidoptera. Proc. Entornol. Soc. Wash. 6: 103-119. 229 Essig, E 0 1958 Insects and mites of western North 205. Ebeling, W. 1959. Pecan pests, p. 365. Subtropical Fruit America. 2d ed p 720-728 The MacMillan Co , N Y , Pests, Univ. Calif. 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J Econ Entornol Dep Agnc Farmers BuIi 1557 54 668-670 558 Snzlpp, O 1 15328 Paradlchlorobenzene expedments in 536 Smith, E H 1962 Control of ttre peach tree borer on the South for peach-borer control. U S Dep Agrtc young peach trees by a treatanent before plmti;ng, J Bull 58,39 p Econ Entomol 55 294-297 559 Snapp, 0 1 1932 A new method of contwlling the 537 Smith, E H 1962 Pre-plant treatanent --.A new Innova- peach borer, Synenthedon exiliosa Say, with special tion in peach tree borer control. N Y State Horttc Soc application to young ttrees. J Econ Enfomol 25 786- Proc 107 174-176 799 538 Smith, E H 1963 Control of the peach tree borer on 560 Snapp, 0 1 1938 Recent experiments wi& eCPlylene young peach trees by preplant treahent with DBT, dichlorlde emulsion for peach borer conhtol. J Econ dielddn, and endosulfan, J Econ Entorno] 56 463- Entomol 31 725-727 465 541 Snapp, O I 1939 Further studies with ethylene 539 Sm~th,E H 1965 Laboratory rearfng of the peach tree dicblarlde emulsion for the control of the peach borer and note on its biology. J Econ Entomol borer. J Econ Entomol 32 683-685 58 228-236 562 Snapp, O I 194.0 The peach borer - how to prevent or 540 Smlth, E H and A W Avens 1954 The ovicidal action of lessen Its ravages. U S Dep Agnc Farmers Bull 1246 parathion in control of the peach tree borer. J Econ rev. 14 p Entomol 47 912-917 563 Snapp, O I 1942 Tkre effect on peach trees of ethylene 541 Srn~th,E H and R W Hams 1952 Influence of tree dfchlorlde emulsion as used for peach .tree borer con- vigor and winter injury on the lesser peach tree borer. trol. J Econ Entomol 35 962 J Econ Entomol 45 607-610 564 Snapp, O I 1943 Propylene dichlorrtde for peachtree 542 Srnlth, E H and E H Salkeld 1965 Theroleof esterases borer conb.08. J Econ EntomoI 36 765-768 in parathion poisoning of eggs of the large mSlkweed 565 Snapp, O 1 1944 The effect on peach trees of ethylene bug. J Econ Entomol 58 188-195 dichlrrdde used for control of the peachtree borer. J 543 Smith. E H and A C Wagenknecht 1956 The oc- Econ Entornol 37 47-51 currence of cholinesterase in eggs of the peach tree 566 Snapp O I 1945 Prsagygena? dlchlorlde for peachtree borer and large milkweed bug and its relationship to borer control: second repoat. J Econ Entomol the ovicidal action of parathion. J Econ EntornoI 38 419-422 49 777-783 567 Snapp, O 1 1950 DBT and some of the newer irnsec- 544 Srnrth, FI 1R . E G Rtchardson, C E Yonce and S CV ticides for control af peach tree borers. J Ecsn En- Jacklrn 1969 A method of rearfng the peach tree borer torn01 43 315-318 on artfficial diet. J Econ Entornoi 62 961-962 568 Snapp, O 1 1952 InJuw to peach trees from propylene 545 Smith, hi B 1890 Catalogue of insects found In Mew &%chloride.J Econ Entomol 45 890 Jersey, p 288-289 J L Murphy Pub! Co , Trenton, N J 569 Snapp, 0 I 1952 "Greatment of peach nursery stock to 486 p prevent infestation by peach tree borer. J Econ En- 546 Smith, J B 1891 Insects injurious to blackbev. N 3 tornol 45 546 Agrlc Coli Exp Stn Spec Bull N , 12 p 570 Snapp, O 1 1954 Expe~mentson conlhrol of Georgia 547 Srnlth, J I3 1892 Notes on blackberry borers and gall peach pests in l"353. J Econ Entonto1 47 909-912 571. Snapp, 0. I. 1955. Peach insect investigations at Fort tera. J. Kans. Entomoi. Soc. 17:29-31. Valley, Georgia, during 1954. J. Econ. Entomol. 593. Stanley, W. W. and W. C. Pelton. 1944. Get rid of the 48: 734- 736. peach tree borer. Tenn. Agric. Coll. Ext. Leafl. 72, 4 g. 572. Snapp, 0. I. 1958. Trunk sprays for control of the peach 594. Stear, J. R. 1933. Investigation of naphthalene as a tree borer. J. Econ. Entomol. 51:557-558. fumigant against the peach tree borer, Aegeria exitiosa 573, Snapp, 0.I. 1961. Treatment of peach nursery stock to Say, and sod insects, a progress report. J. Econ. En- prevent infestatlion by the peach tree borer. J. Econ. tomol. 26: 903-906. Entomol. 54400. 595. Stein, J. D. 1976. Insects: A guide to their collection, 574. Snapp, 0.1. 1962. Peach tree borer experiments in identification, preservation, and shipment. USDA peach orchards. J. Econ. Entomot. 55:418-419. For. Serv. Res. Note RM-311, 12 p., Rocky Mtn. For, and 575. Snapp, 0,I. and H. S. Swingle. 1929. Results of further Range Exp. Stn. investigabisws with parad5chlorobenaene around 596. Stein. J. D. and P. C. Kennedy. 1972. Key Ito shelterbelt peach trees with specjal reference to injury. J. Econ. insects in the northern Great Plains. USDA For. Serv. Entomol. 22: 782-785. Res. Pap. RM-85, 153 p., Rocky Mtn. For. and Range Exp. 576. Snapp, 0. I. and H. S. Swingle. 1930. Preliminary report Stn. on paradichiorobenzene solutions for the control of 597. Strecker, H. 1881. Description of a new species of the lesser peach borer, Aegeria pictipes 6.& R. J. Econ. Trochilium. Can. Entomol. 13: 156. Entornol. 23: 636-638. 598. Swaine, J. M. and C. B. Hutchings. 1926. The more impor- 577. Snapp, 0. I. and J. R. Thomson. 1932. Comparativeness tant shade tree insects of eastern Canada and their of fall and spring application of paradichlorobenzene control, p. 44. Can. Dep. Agric. Bull. 63, new series, 58 p. for peach borer control. J. Econ. Entomol. 25: 136-137. 599. Talerico, R. L. 1959. How to separate damage by the 578. Snapp, 0. I. and J. R. Thomson. 1934. Further experi- European pine shoot moth, the Zimmerman pine ments in the control of the peach borer on nursery moth, and the pitch mass borer. USDA For. Serv., Lake stock and orchard trees. J. Econ. Entomol. 27:771-779. States For. Exp. Stn. Tech. Note 571, 2 p., St. Paul, Minn. 579. Snapp, 0. I. and J. R. Thomson. 1936. Experiments with 600. Tapley, W. T. 1935. The squashvine borer. The RuralNew new materials to control peach borer. J. Econ. En- Yorker 94(5336):503. tomol. 29: 1088-1092. 601. Taschenberg, E. F. 1953. Currant borer control studies. 580. Snapp. 0. I. and J. R. Thomson. 1937. Flight and move- J. Econ. Entomol. 46394-400. ment of peach borer moths. J. Econ. Entomol. 30:215. 602. Taschenberg, E. F. and A. W. Avens. 1964. Field and 581. Snapp, 0.I. and J. R. Thomson. 1943. Life history and laboratory studies on control of currant borer. J. habits of the peachtree borer in the southeastern Econ. Entomol. 57: 123-130. states. U. S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 854, 24 p. 603. Taylor, C. F. 1951. Starking apples, 1950-51 storage 582. Solomon, J. D. 1969. Woodpecker predation on insect test. W. Va. Cumberland - Shanandoah Fruit Workers' borers in living haadwosds. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. Conf. Proc. 27: 113. 62: 1214-1215. 604. Thomas, C. 1878. Sixth report on noxious and bene- 583. Solomon, J. D. 1975. Biology of an ash borer, Podosesia ficial insects of the State of Illinois, p. 167-176. Trans. syn'ngae, in green ash in Mississippi. Ann. Entomol. Dep. Agric. Ill. for 1877. Soc. Am. 68:325-328. 605. Thompson, B. G. 1926. The peach and prune root-borer 584. Solomon, J. D. 1977. Frass characteristics for identify- injurious to cherries, J. Econ. Entomol. 19:779-780. ing insect borers (Lepidoptera:Cossidae and 606. Thompson, B. G. 1927. The Aegeriidae or clearwing Sesiidae;Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in living moths occurring in Oregon, p. 125-138. Ore. State hardwoods. Can. Entomol. 109:295-303. Board Hortic. 19th Bienn. Rep. 585. Solomon, J. D. and L. P. Abrahamson. 1972. Hardwood 607. Thompson, B. G. 1929. Moths of the family Aegeriidae nursery Insects, p. 28-33. Proc. Southeast. Area For. Tree occurring in Oregon, with notes. Pan-Pacific Entomol. Nurseymen's Conf. 252 p. 5: 117-122. 586. Solomon, J. D., J. R. Cook, F. L. Oliveria and T. H. Filer. 608. Thompson, R. W. 1946. Insects of the season in 1945 in 1976. Insect and canker disease impact in cotton- Ontario. Can. Insect Pest Rev. 24(1):39, 56, 89. wood nurseries. In Proc. Symp. Eastern Cottonwood and 609. Townsend, C. H. T. 1890. Some Michigan notes re- Related Species (1976), p. 301-307. corded. Insect Life 2:42-43. 587. Solomon, J. D. and R. C. Morris. 1966. Clearwing borer in 610. Townsend, C. H. T. 1891. A preliminary account of some red oaks. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note SO-39, 3 p., South. insects injurious to fruits. New Mex. Agric. Exp. Stn. For. Exp. Stn., New Orleans, La. Bull. 3: 13-15. 588. Solomon, J. D. and R. C. Morris. 1971. Woodpeckers in 611. Townsend, C. H. T. 1893. The possible and actual influ- the ecology of southern hardwood borers. Tali Timbers ence of irrigation on insect injury in New Mexico. Conf. on Ecol. Control by Habitat Manage. 2 (19701, Insect Life 5:79-80. 309-315. Tall Timbers Res. Stn., Tallahassee, FIa. 612. Tumlinson, J. H.. C. E. Yonce, R. E. Doolittle, R. R. Heath, 589. Somes, M. P. 1916. Some insects of Solunum carolinense C. R. Gentry and E. R. MitcheH. 1974. Sex pheromones I... I... and their economic relations. J. Econ. Entomol. and reproductive isolation of the lesser peachtree 9:39-44. borer and peachtree borer. Sci. 185:614-616. 590, Soraci, F. A. 1934. Important nursery insects of New 613. Tunnock, S. and A. Tagestad. 1973. Incidence of wood Jersey, p. 37-39. N. J. Dep. Agric. Circ. 243, 62 p. borer activity in green ash windbreak plantings in 591. Soraci, F. A. 1941. Important nursery insects of New North Dakota. USDA For. Serv., Div. of State and Priv. Jersey, p. 33-35. N. J. Dep. Agric. Circ. 326, 72 p. For., Rep. 73-5, 13 p. 592. Stallings, D. B. and J. R. Turner. 1944. Notes on Lepidop- 614. Underhill, G. H. 1935. The pecan tree borer in dogwood. J. Econ. Entomol. 28:393-396. tree borers. Environ. Entornoi. 4 601-602. 615. Venobles, E. P. 1944. The identity of a borer attacking 640. Wong, T. T. Y. and M. L. Cleveland. 1968. Seasonal dis- peach trees in the Okawagan Valley of British trfbution of the lesser peach tree borer in southem Columbia. Can. Entornol. 76232. Indiana. J. Econ. Entornol. 61: 1674-1677 616. Vogel, M. A. and R. B. Neiwander. 1933. The lesser peach 641. Wong, T. T. Y and M. L. Cleveland 1970 Fluorescent borer, Aegenu pictipes, p 51-54. Ohio Agric. Exp. Stn. powder for marking deciduous fruit moths for Bull. 2. studies of dispersal. J Econ. EntomoI. 63:338-340. 617. Wailace, L. E. 1956. Control of the raspbeny root borer. 642 Wong, T. T V and M. L. Cleveland. 1972. Recovery of J. Econ. Entomol. 49287. male moths of the lesser peach&ee borer in a peach 618. Wallace, P. P. 1944. Biology in control of the dogwood orchard. Environ. Entornol. 1.344-347. borer, Thamnosphecia (Synanthedon) scitula Harris, p. 643. Wong. T. T. Y., M. L. Cleveland and D.6. Davis. 1969. Sex 373-395. Conn. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. $88. attraction and matlng of lesser peach tree borer 619. Wallace, P. P. 1946. Commercial nursery control of the moths. J. Econ. Entomoi. 62: 789-792. peach tree borer, p. 83-89. Conn. Agric. Exp. Stn. Buli. 644. Wong, T. T. Y. and D. G. Davis. 1975. Lesser peachtree 501. borer: The effect of temperature and humidity on egg 620. Walsh, B. D. 1866. Borers. Pract. Entomol. 1:27-29. development. Environ. Entornoi. 4: 1014. 621. Walsh, B. D. 1866. On the insects, Coleopterous, 645. Wong, T. T. Y., H. Kamasaki, R. E. Dolphin, M. L. Cleveland. Hymenopterous and Dipterous, inhabiting the galls D. F. Ralston, D. G. Davis and T. E. Mouzin. 1971. Dis- of certain species of willows. Proc. Entornol. Soc. Phila tribution and abundance of the lesser peachtree 6: 223-288. borer on Washington Island, Wisconsin. J. Econ. En- 622. Weaver, G. M. and H.R. Boyce. 1965. Preliminary evi- tomol. 64:879-882. dence of host resistance to the peach tree borer, 646. Wong, T. T. Y., H. Kamasaki. R. E. Dolphin, D. G. Davis, Sunninoidea exitiosa. Can. J. P1. Sci. 45:293-294. T. E. Mouzin, D. T. Ralston and J. A. Burnside. 1972. Mass 623. Webster, F. M. 1893. Insects affecting the blackberry trapping of male lesser peachtree borer moths with and raspberry, p. 159-160. Ohio Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 45. virgin-female traps on Washington Island, Wiscon- 624. Webster, F. M. 1893. Insects reared from black knot. sin, 1970. J. Econ. Entomol. 65:1034-1039. Entomol. News 4294-296. 647. Woodside, A. M. 1952. Control of the pear borer in apple 625. Webster, F. M. 1897. The protective value of action, voli- trees. J. Econ. Entomol. 45:98-101. tional or otherwise, in "protective mimicry." J. N. Y. 648. Woodside, A. M. 1952. The apple bark borer (Thamnos- Entomol. Soc. 5:67-77. phecia pyri). Va. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 452, 16 p. 626. Weed, C. M. 1886. The currant stem borer. Prairie Farmer 649. Wooley, P. H. 1964. Mites, apple maggot, and peach 7: 233-235. tree borers: procedures for control. Mich. State Hortic. 627. Weed, C. M. 1889. Our injurious Aegerians. Am. Nat. Soc. Annu. Rep. 93:99-105. 23: 1106-1109. 650. Worth, J. 1823. An account of the insect so destructive 628. Weed, H. E. 1891. Work of the season in Mississippi. to the peach tree. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 3:216-221. Insect Life 434-36. 651. Worthley, H. N. and H. M. Steiner. 1942. Injury from 629. Weidman, R. H. and G. T. Robbins. 1947. Attacks of pitch peachtree borer treatments. J. Econ. Entomol. moth and turpentine beetle on pines in the Eddy 35: 102-103 Arboretum. J. For. 45: 428-433. 652. Wylie, W. D. 1954. Controlling of peach tree borers. Ark. 630. Weigel, C. A. and L. G. Baumhofer. 1948. Handbook on Farm Res. 3(3):4. insect enemies of flowers and shrubs, p 39, 56, 73, 653. Wylie, W. D. 1956. Trunk sprays for peach tree borer U. S. Dep. Agric. Misc. Publ. 626, 115 p. control. J. Econ. Entornol. 49:574. 631. Westwood, J. 0. 1854. Species of Trochilium and Cynips 654. Wylie, W. D. 1957. Single application sprays for peach reared from American oak-galls. Trans. Entomol. Soc. tree borer control. Entomol. Soc. Am. Bull. 363):38. London, Ser. 2, 3:21. 655. Wylie, W. D. 1958. Single application trunk sprays for 632. Westwood, J. 0. 1854. The American oak-gall clear control of the peachtree borer. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. winged sphinx. Gardner's Chron. and Agric. Gaz. Bull. 599, 24 p. 47: 757-758. 656. Wylie, CU. D. 1968. Chemical control of peach tree borer 633. Weshood, J. 0. 1944. Here are your garden enemies. in Arkansas - Dursban looks promising. Down to Home Gard. 4(5):47-58. Earth 24(3):11-14. 634. Whitcomb, W. D. and W. J. Garland. 1948. SluscepNbility 657. Wylie, W. D. 1970. The raspberry crown borer - a seri- of Cucurbitaceae to squash borer. Am. SOG.Hortic. Sci. ous pest of blackberries. Ark. Farm Res. 19(6):6. Proc. 51:445-447. 658. Wylie, W. D.and C. J. Westbrook. 1957. Peach tree borer 635. White: R. P. 1933. Insects and diseases of rhododen- control. Ark. Farm Res. 6(5):3-4. dron and azalea. J. Econ. Entomol. 26:631-640. 659. Yonce, C. E. 1975. Sex pheromones of the peacheee 636. Wiley. C. A. 1890. Abundance of Aegeriidae. Insect Life. borer and lesser peachtree borer: Their potential use 2:251-252. in future control programs, p. 65-67. Proc. Annu. Conv. 637. Williams, F. X 1909. The and some moths of Natl. Peach Counc. 34th. the Mt. Shasta Region. Entomol. News 20:62-75. 660. Yonce, C. E. and C. R. Gentv. 1970 Bait for oriental fruit 638. Williams, F. X. 1909. Notes on the life histories of cer- moth attracts lesser peach tree borer moths. J. Econ. tain wood-boring Lepidoptera. Entomol. News EntomoI. 63: 1976. 20:58-62. 661. Yonce. C, E., C. R. Gentry, J. H. Tumiinson, R. E. Dootittle 639. Wong, T. T. Y. and J. A. Burnside. 1975. Copulatory re- and D. G. Nielsen, 1976. Lesser peachtree borer: Influ- sponse of gamma irradiated adult male lesser peach ence of trap height, substrates, concentration, and Itrap destm on capture of male glroilrs with bemaZe8 Grmenta querci (Hy. Edwards) Icornes (F-lein~chil59, 67, 49. and with a sylnMelrIc pheromone. Environ. Entornol. 191. 193, 209. 214, 226. 300. 374 5.417-420. Carmento mb~cincla(Beutenmuller) 71, 191, 193, 226 662. Yonce, C. E , J. H. Turnlinson, 6.R Gentry and E. R. Mitchell subaerea iHy. Edwards) 69, 191. 193, 211, 214, 226 1974. Extraction and #lend bioassay of the sex Garment-a sufjusata Engelhardi 193. 226 pheromone of the lesser peachtree borer, Envrron Carmenta tecta iHy. Edwards] 69, 191, 193, 226 Entomot. 3:569-570. Carrnenta texana iHy. Edwards) lwiMfeidii (My. Edwards)] 55, 69, 663.Zimmerman, C B. 1881 Inseeb injarlous to rrrumery 191, 193, 21 1, 214. 222, 226, 334 stock and best methods of desltroying &em. Gnrd Carmenta verecunda (Hy. Edwards) [nigra Beutenmuller. Jlctris- Mon. 22:238-240 santel'la (Cockexell),hirsuta (Engelhardt)]55,654, 14.8. 181, 193, 226 Carment-a welcheiorurn Duckworlh and Erchlln 194 INDEX OF SPECIES Carmenta weilercie Duckwoftt-i and EichIin 192, 193 Crsuuora ampeiopsis Engeihardt 191, 193, 226, 374 smphytIformis Gaiker) lsoiituda iHy. Edwrds)]55,653, AIbtrna fraxini jk-ly. Edwards) [rnorrisoni (Hy. Edwards), lraxini 121, 191, 193.218, 226 vr'tn'osa Engelhardi] 55, 69, 119, 193, 226 Euhagena nebraskae Hy. Edwards [coloradensis [Beutenmuller). AIbuna pyramidalis (Walker) [hyiotomifcbrmr's (Walker), nebraskae rnormoni Engeihardt, nebraskae intensa En- nomadaepennis (Boiduvalj, rubescens (Hufsf), montana gelhardt] 69, 191, 193, 226 Hy. Edwards, tanaceti Hy. Edwards, vancouverensis Hy. I-iymenoclea paimii (Beutenmulier) 70, 191, 193, 226 Edwards, cokradensis Hy. Edwards, toma Hy. Edwards, Metl'r-tia calabaza Duckworth and Eichlin 193, 217 beutenmuelieri Skinner] 55,57,58,69,1 91,193.207,214, Melittia gloriosa Hy. Edwards [superba Barnes and Lindsey, 218, 222, 226, 237, 317, 357, 374, 520, 607, 637 iindseyi Bames and Benjamin, barnesi DalIa Torre] 39, 40, carolinensis Engelhardt [autumnalis Engelhardt] 69, 96, 55, 64, I%, 193, 217, 218, 226, 374, 592, 606, 607 191, 193, 221, 226 Melittia grandis (Streckerj [beckeri Druce, grandis hermosa En- Alcathoe caudata (Harris) [caudatum walkeri Neumoegen, caudata gelhardtl 64, 191, 193, 217, 226, 597 annetlella Engelhardt] 67, 69, 191, 193, 215, 221, 226. MeiiEia magnifica Beutenmuller 64, 191, 193, 217, 226 233, 237, 320, 342, 357, 374, 427, 471, 545 Aicathoe pepsioides Engelhardt bepsioides atm Engelhardt, pep- Meiittia satyriniformis Hubner lcucurbitae (Harris), ceto sioides femgata Engelhardt) 191, 193, 221, 226, 374 (Westwood),amoea Fly. Edwards] 8,9,14,64,74,98,107, Alcathoe oevugo Klruce) [uemgo coruinus Engelhard-cttj191, 193, 113, 145, 175, 191, 193, 217, 226. 238. 283, 288, 304. 226 407, 314, 315, 316, 347, 356, 374, 378, 391, 392, 393, Calasesia coccinea jBeutenmuller j 61, 69, 191, 193, 226 401, 460, 485, 491, 507, 549, 556, 600, 608, 633, 634 Carmenta albociliata (Engelhardt) 191, 193, 219, 220, 226 Melittia snowii Hy. Edwards 55,64, 191, 193, 217, 226, 374,592 Carmenta anthracipennis (Boisduval) [sanborni Hy. Edwards, Osminta ruficomis (Hy. Edwards) [minuta (Hy. Edwards), candes- momia (Hy. Edwards]] 55, 69, 191, 193, 215, 222, 224, cens (Hy. Edwards),marcia (Druce)J 96,191,193.208,226 226, 237, 374, 385 praecedens (Hy. Edwards) 110, 193, 210, 226 Carmenta apache Engelhardt 191, 193, 226 Paranthrene asilipennis (Boisduval) [denudatum (Harris), ves- Carmenta an'zonae (Beutenmuller) 69, I%, 193, 226 pipenne (Herrich-Schaffer), bombyciformis (Walker), Carmenta auritinda (Engelhardtj 191, 193, 219, 220, 226 championi (Druce)] 54, 56, 62, 67, 69, 96, 179, 191, 193, Carmenta bassqormis (Walker) llustrans (Grotel, aureopurpura 210, 214. 222, 226, 237, 357, 366, 374, 385, 402 iHy. Edwards), boili (Hy. Edwards), sexfasciata (My. Ed- Paranthrene dollii (Neumoegen)ldoliii castaneum (Beutenmullerf, wards), consimilis (Hy. Edwards), eupatohi (Hy. Edwards), dolliifasciventris Engelhardt] 1, 2, 3, 35, 58, 59, 60, 67, 69, imitata (Hy. Edwards)] 54, 55, 56, 60, 69, 191, 193, 226. 158, 179, 191, 193, 226, 236, 237, 357, 374, 397, 398, 237, 272, 310, 342, 357, 374, 419, 627 399, 402, 411. 412, 582, 584, 585, 586, 588 Carmen& corni (Hy. Edwards) [infirma (Hy.Edwards)] 54, 191, Paranthrene fenestrata Barnes and Lindsey 40, 191, 193, 226 193,226, 374 hranthrene robiniae IHy. Edwards) [perlucida iBusck), robiniae Camenta engelhardti Duckworth and Eichlin 190, 193 palescens Engelhardt] 55.58,59,60,67,69,120,129,179, Carmenta giliae (Hy. Edwards) [vit-~na{Neumoegen), deceptiua 1"3, 193, 223, 226, 229, 335, 374, 404, 428, 468, 469, (Beutenmulierj giliae woodgalei Engelhardtj 55, 69, 192, 606, 607, 637 193, 226. 374, 410 Baranthrene simulans (Grote) [paimii (Hy.Edwards). luggen' (Hy. Camenta ithacae (kutenmuller) 69, 191, 193, 226, 237, 357, Edwards)] 35,55,57,58,59,60,67,69,96,179, 191,193, 374 213, 214. 216, 226, 2317, 273, 297, 310. 327, 357. 365. Carmenta ma~onaihutenmuiler) 66,$9, 191, 193, 226 366, 374, 410, 414, $16,419, 582, 584, 587. 588 Camenta mimuli JHy. Edwards) [torrancia Engelhardt] 69, Baranthrene tabaniformis (Rotternburg) [asilifsrmis (Denis & 191,193, 226 Schiffermulier),tricincta (lfaruis),serrat(formis (Freyer?,de- Camenla odda Buckwodh and Eichlin 193, 195 nobala (I-ly. Edwards), tficinda oslan Engeii-rardt] I. 22, 35, Carmenla ogaiaia Engelhardt 191, 193, 226 55, 56, 58,5% 66, 67, 69, 158, 166. 179, 191, 133, 210, Carmentcr phomdend~Engelahardt 191, 193, 226,374 215. 226, 236. 237, 247, 290,310. 337, 338. 340, 342, Ccrrmenta prmopis EHy. Edwards) 55, 59,67, 69, 191, 193, 209, 343, 357, 374. 396, 399, 412, 428, 45% 545 558, 584, 214, 215, 223, 226 585. 588 Carmento pyra/idihrmis (Walker) [nigefla (Hutst), pyraiidI;Formis Pennisetra marginatcr (Harris) [pi'eciaeformis (Walker], aurantis Engelhardt]"55, 69, 191, 193, 226, 237, 316. 342, odyneripennis (Walker), rubi (Riley),flavipes (Hulst),mar- 357,374 ginata aibicoma (Huist)] 8, 9. 10, 15,42, 54,55,56,58,59, 60, 6'7,69,95.98, 408. 121, 127, 1'76,191, 193,207,210, Synanthedon ehrysidrpennis iBoisbuvai) [tacoma ig3tiutenmuIlerf, 224, 226. 228, 237, 240. 244. 254. 283, 290. 298, 310, chysidjpennis waliowa (Engeihardh)]61,69,191,193,214, 317. 319, 321, 339,342, 357, 360, 363, 374, 378, 385, 217, 222,226, 374, 605, 607 396,402, 355, 456, 457, 466, 486, 491 494, 506, 545, Synanthedon ciliicljormls (llnnaeus) lcuicijomis amencana 546,547, 604. 606. 507, 608, 61'7, 623, 657 IBeutenmulier)] 57, 58,59,68,67,69, 129, 179, 191, 193, Benstemonrcr cicrrker Engelhareit 191, 193, 226 202, 218, 226, 229, 237,335, 374. 606,5657 Penstemonra darnrnersi Engelbardl [brevifoiia Engelhardt] 191. Synanthedon decipiens (My. Edwads) jimperJecta (Hy.Edwards), 193. 226, 374 nicotianae My. Edwards), rubnstigrna (Kellicotljl 55, 57, Penstemonla ebwardsii (Beutenmulier) [utahensis (Beuienmulleri] 58,59,60,67,653, 191.193,207,226,237,300,342,343, 71, 191, 193, 224. 226,374 357,374 Penstemonia hennei Engelhardt 191, 193. 226 Synanthedon dominick1 Duckwodh and Eichiin f 90, 193 hdcrsesia aurescincta Pumingtcrn and Sielsen 452 Synanthedon exitiosa (Say) bersrca (Thomas), pepsidiformis Podosesia syPingae (Harris) [longipes (Moxhlerj, fraxini iLugger)] (Hubnerj,xrphiaejismis (Boiduval),graefi (Hy. Edwards), 5, 7,26,35,43,54.57,58,59,60, 67,69,94,96,177,179, opalescens (Hy. Edwards), exitrosa fltchii (Hy. Edwards), 191, 193, 207, 215, 216, 226, 229, 236. 237, 240, 241, pcijca (Riley), exitiasa luminosa (Neumsegen), exitiosa 244, 252, 268, 278. 279, 288, 298,310, 318, 327, 340, edwardsii fhutennruller),graefi barnesii (&utenmulIer)] 7, 341, 342. 357, 367, 370, 373, 374. 375, 385. 390, 396, 10,11,12,13,18,23,24,27,28,30.31,32,34,37,38.41, 402, 405, 406, 412, 413,314, 415, 416, 417,418, 414, 42.44,47,50.54,55,57,58.58,62,63.67,68.69,75,76. 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 428, 441, 444, 452, 473, 77,78,79,80,81,86,87,9Cs,92f96,98,99,1021103, 104, 481, 511, 513, 514, 545, 582, 583. 584, 590. 591, 595, 108. 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 596. 598, 604, 608. 613, 625, 530 138, 139. 140, 141, 142, 150. 153, 154, 157, 159, 160, Sannina urocerrformis Walker fquinquecaudata (ltlidings), 161, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 173, 175. 178%184, 185, urocen'pennis Boisduval] 7,35,43,56,59, 67, 69,96, 191, 186, 189, 191. 193, 197, 201, 205, 207, 210, 214, 215. 193, 203, 210, 214, 226, 237, 303, 310, 357, 374, 427, 222, 226, 227, 228, 229, 234, 235, 237, 239, 240, 244, 462, 467, 472, 474, 584 245, 248, 249, 250, 251, 256, 258, 262, 263, 265, 266, Sesia apifomis (Clerck) [crabrongormis Denis and Schiffermuller] 275, 276, 277, 279, 282, 285, 286, 287, 292, 293, 294, 7, 35, 54, 58, 59, 60, 63, 67, 69, 158, 179, 191, 193, 215, 295, 296, 305, 306, 310, 3'11, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 225, 226, 229, 237, 310, 327, 335, 357, 374, 507, 545 327, 328, 330, 333,340. 342, 345, 346, 350, 351, 355, Sesia tibialis il-larris) Vjauitibia (Walker),pacgieum (Hy. Edwards), 357, 359, 361, 362, 364, 368, 369, 372, 373, 374, 376, califomicum (Neumoegen),minimum (Neumoegen),tibialis 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 389, 395, 402, dyari (Cockeretl), tibialis anonyma (Strand), tibialis 405, 411, 412, 414, 416, 419, 420. 427, 429, 432, 433, meianojormis Engelhardt] 35, 57, 58, 59,60, 63, 67, 69, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 4-49, 454, 458, 461, 129, 148, 158, 179, IN1,193, 225, 226, 229, 237, 290, 468, 476, 473,482, 483, 487, 4-88, 489,491, 495, 496, 335, 357, 360, 374, 410, 428, 596, 606, 607 502, 503, 505, 507, 515, 517, 518, 519, 522, 523, 524, Synanthedon acerni (Clemens) [acericolurn (Germadius),teppen' 525, 526, 527, 528, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, (Hy. Edwards), acernr buscki (Engelhardt)]7, 35, 43, 49, 537, 538, 539, 540, 542, 543, 544, 548, 550, 551, 552, 54, 58, 59, 60, 67, 69, 93, 94, 96, 97, 108, 109, 129, 144, 553, 554, 555, 557, 558, 559, 560. 561, 562, 563, 564, 172, 179, 191, 193, 207, 209, 215, 226, 230, 231, 236, 565, 566, 567, 568, 568,570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 237, 240, 253, 2753, 280, 284, 310, 313, 319, 337, 340, 577, 578, 579. 580, 581, 584, 593, 594, 604, 605, 606, 342, 357, 366, 370, 373, 374, 385, 396, 419, 459, 464. 607, 609. 610, 611, 612, 615, 619, 620, 622, 627, 631, 465,466,470,499,500,501,504,545,598,604,627,636 633,637,648.Q5C, 651,652,653,655,656,658, 659,660 Synanthedon acermbn Englehardt 35, 179. 191, 193, 219, 226, Synanthedon fatifera Hodges 191, 793, 308, 333, 374, 419 357, 374 Synanthedon fuJuloipes (Harris) 58, 69, 191, 193, 226, 239, 290, Synanthedon albicornis (Hy. Edwards) 54, 55. 59, 67, 69, 179, 357 191, 193. 207, 226, 237, 310, 357, 374, 467, 545, 607 Synanthedon gehormm (Walker)35, 58, 69, 191, 193, 207, 211, Synanthedon alieri (Engelhardt)191, 193, 226 226, 374, 394 Synanthedon crrctica (Beutenmuller)65, 66, 69, 191, 193, 202, Synanthedon helenis (Engelhardt)191, 193, 226 226 Synanthedon kathyae Duckwodh and Eichlin 193, 195 Synanthedon arizonensis (Beutenmuller)61. 72, 191, 193. 226 Synanthedon mrllinipennis (Boisduval) [cr~emisiae(Hy. Edwards). Synanthedon arkansasensis Duckworlh and Eichlin 190, 195 seneciodes (Hy. Edwards)] 55, 57, 58, 69, 116, 179, 191, Synanthedon Dibtcrnipennis (Boisduval) [rutiians (Fly. Edwards), 193, 207, 214, 226, 301, 335, 637, 638 iupini (Hy. Edwards). peplexa (Hy. Edwards), impropria Synanrhedon novaroensis (My. Edwards) biceae (Dyar),brunnen' (My.Edwards). aureola (Hy. Edwards), negiecta {My. Ed- (E3usck)]55, 58. 69, 111, 112, 119, 129, 149, 1131, 193, wards), wrrshingtonia {Hy. Edwards). hemizoniae (Hy. Ed- 204. 207, 226,229, 335,606. 607,637 wards), madat-iae (Hy. Edwards)] 18,17,51,55,56,57,58, Syncrnthedon pictipes (Grate and Robinson) finusitata iHy. Ed- 59, 67, 64, 124, 149, 187, 188, 191, 193. 207,214, 215, wards): 7,9. 10. 16,19. 20, 21, 25, 28, 33. 35,50, 54, 55, 222, 223. 225, 229, 237, 283, 310,374, 483, 467. 480, 59,67,69,82,83,84,85,86,87,89,91,96,114, 115,117. 606, 607, 637 125, 126. 128. 136, 137,146. 147. 162, 179, 180, 181. Synanthedon boiteri iHy Edwards) 35. 55, 67, 69, 1713, 191. 193, 182, 183, 191, 193, 196, 197, 198, 207. 215,219, 226. 211, 214, 226, 237,357 236,237, 249, 250, 251. 255, 259,250, 261. 259, 270, Synanthedon canadensis Duckworth and Eichlin 190, 193 272, 279, 286,296, 310, 311, 312. 327, 331, 332, 333. Synanthedon castaneae (Busck)35, 118,179,191,193,219,226, 337, 340, 342, 346, 348,349, 352, 354, 357. 371,372, 357, 374 373, 374, 376, 377, 378, 385, 387, 388, 395, 402, 405, 407, 416, 419, 420, 430, 431, 450, 453, 475. 476, 477, 7,35, 55,57, 58, 59, 60, 67, 69,96. 151, 179. 191, 193, 478, 482, 483. 488, 515, 531, 533, 540, 541, 557, 570, 205, 207, 208, 211, 214, 226, 236, 237, 243. 290, 298, 571, 576, 595, 612, 616, 624. 627, 639, 640, 641, 642, 302. 310, 327, 333, 342, 352. 357, 358, 374. 396, 402, 643, 644,645, 646, 649, 659, 660, 661, 662 404, 408, 409, 412. 414, 419, 428, 442, 443, 446, 447, Synanthedon pini (Kellicott) 35,58,59, 60, 67,69, 129, 132, 179, 508,509,510,511,512,521,614,618,621,630,631,632 191, 193, 201, 210, 215, 226, 231, 237, 244, 267, 310, (Hy. Edwards) [superba (Hy. Edwards), 336, 337, 338, 340, 357, 374, 402, 428, 598, 599 pinorum (Behrens)] 48, 57, 58, 59, 60, 67, 69, 106, 110, Synanthedon polygoni (Hy. Edwards) Uragariae (Hy. Edwards), 111, 129, 130, 179, 191. 193, 207, 226, 229, 242, 310, helianthi (Hy. Edwards), archiliae (Hy. Edwards), 334, 335, 374, 419, 428, 451, 606, 607, 629. 637, 638 eremocarpi (Hy. Edwards), meadii (I-iy. Edwards), or- Synanthedon sigmoidea (Beutenmuller) 35, 59, 60, 69, 179, 191, thocarpi fHy. Edwards),praestans f Hy. Edwards), behrensii 193, 226, 237, 357, 374 (Hy. Edwards), animosa (Hy. Edwards), eida (Hy. Ed- Synanthedon tipulijorm~s(Gierck) 9,53.54,60.67,69, 73,87,88, wards), fmgariae semipraestans (CockereIl)]55, 56, 57, 58, 99, 108,124, 125, 127, 131, 152, 154,155, 156, 163, 164, 69, 96, 148, 191, 193, 207. 209, 210, 211. 212, 214, 218. 165, 176, 191, 193, 201, 214, 215, 226, 229, 233, 237, 226, 374, 607, 637, 638 240, 244, 245, 264, 287, 291, 292, 309, 310, 342, 357, Synanthedon proxima (Hy. Edwards) (modesta (kliicott)] 35, 43, 360, 362, 366, 374, 385, 402, 405, 420, 427, 445, 491, 191, 193, 207, 226, 342 497, 498, 545, 595, 601, 602, 604. 606, 607, 609, 620, Synanthedonpyri (Harris) [koebeiei (Hy. Edwards)]45,47,54,55, 626, 627 58, 59, 60, 67, 69, 96, 101, 131, 193, 207, 215, 226, 233, Synanthedon viburni Engelhardt 35, 191, 193, 219, 226, 257, 237, 240, 289, 290, 292, 294, 310,337, 340,344. 357, 333, 357, 374 374, 385, 396, 402, 427, 467, 483, 545, 603, 604, 627, Vitacea admiranda (Hy. Edwards) 55, 57, 58, 69, 191, 193, 208, 628, 647, 648 226, 310 Synanthedon refulgens (Hy. Edwards) [marica (Beutenmuller), Vitacea cupressi (Hy. Edwards) 58, 69, 191, 193, 207, 226 seminole (Beutenmul1er)l 58, 62, 69, 96, 191, 193, 207, (Harris) [Seminole (Neumoegen),polistiformis 226, 411 huron Engelhardt] 6, 29, 36, 52, 54, 60, 67, 69, 96, 100, Synanthedon resplendens (I-iy. Edwards) 55, 105, 191, 193, 207, 143, 191, 193, 199, 215, 226, 233, 237, 240, 293, 310, 226, 327, 374, 394, 490 340,374, 385,420,427,448,463, 479, 492, 493, 604 Synanthedon rhododendri (Beutenmuller) 35, 71, 93, 94, 97, 98, Vitacea scepsiformis (Hy. Edwards) 58, 69, 191, 193, 207, 226, 99, 174, 191, 193,226,232,237,280,281,327,357,358, 237, 357, 374 374, 408, 409, 412, 511, 590, 591, 630, 635 Zenodoxus canescens Hy Edwards [canescens sidae Engelhardt] Synanthedon richardsi (Engelhardt) 191, 193, 226 55, 69, 191, 193, 226 Synanthedon rileyana (Hy. Edwards) [brunneipennis (Hy. Ed- Zenodoxus heucherae Hy. Edwards botentillae Hy Edwards] 55, wards), hyperici (Hy. Edwards), austini (Engelhardt)] 55, 69, 191, 193, 226 69, 96, 191, 193, 226, 237, 357, 374, 419, 589, 607 Zenodoxus maculipes Grote and Robinson 55,69, 191, 193,226 Synanthedon rubrofascia (Hy. Edwards) 35,59,69, 191,193,207, Zenodoxus mexicanus Beutenmuller 69, 191, 193, 226 226, 237, 325, 329, 357, 374, 419 Zenodoxus palmii (Neumoegen) [palmiana (Dallas Torre), wis- Synanthedon sapygaeformis (Walker) Efloridensis (Grote)] 35, 55, sadulae Engelhardt, palmii sphaeralceae Engelhardt, palmii 58,59, 60, 67, 69, 191, 193, 207, 226, 271,374, 396, 400 incanae Engelhardt] 191, 193, 223, 226, 374 Synanthedon saxifragae (Hy. Edwards) [henshawii (Hy. Edwards)] Zenodoxus rubens Engelhardt [canescens bexari Engelhardt] 191, 55, 57, 58, 69, 191, 193, 207, 210, 226, 239, 529, 607 193, 226 (Harris) [galliuorum (Westwood), hospes Zenodoxus sidalceae Engelhardt 191, 193, 226, 374 (Walsh),corusca (Hy. Edwards), aemula (Hy. Edwards)] 4, Solomon, J. D. and M. E. Dix

1979. Selected bibliography of the clearwing borers (sesiidae)of the United States and Canada. U.S. Dep. Agric. For. Sew. Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-22,18 p. South. For. Exp. Stn., New Orleans, La.

Covers the major works on the clearwing borers and is indexed to species to aid those interested in particular species.