ASEAN Power Grid by Mr.Kornphat Srisuping System Planning Division Electricity Generating Authority Of

Expert Group Meeting on Conceptualizing the Asian Energy HighWay Urumqi, China, 3-5 September 2013 Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand Power for Thai Happiness 1 ASEAN Energy Cooperation

AMEM: ASEAN Ministers on Energy Meeting (once a year)

SOME: Senior Officials Meeting on Energy (once a year)

ACE: ASEAN Centre for Energy (accelerate the integration of energy strategies within ASEAN by providing information , technology and expertise )

AFOC: ASEAN Forum on Coal

EE&C-SSN: Energy Efficiency and Conservation Subsector Network

NRSE-SSN: New and Renewable Sources of Energy Subsector Network

ASCOPE: ASEAN Council on Petroleum

HAPUA: Heads of ASEAN Power Utilities/Authorities

AERN: ASEAN Energy Regulatory Network (TOR being prepared)

2 HAPUA & AIMS Background

Dec 1997 : Heads of ASEAN governments committed to jointly develop ASEAN Power Grid (APG) and Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline as a part of the ASEAN Vision 2020 [The 2nd ASEAN In forma l Summ it in Kua la L umpur, M al aysi a] Jul 1999 : HAPUA was assigned to materialized APG through ASEAN Interconnection Master Plan Study (AIMS) [The 17th AMEM in Bangkok, Thail and]

Apr 2000 : AIMS Working Group was established [The 16th Meeting of HAPUA in Chiang Rai, Thailand]

Jul 2003 : AIMS Final Report was endorsed [The 21st AMEM in , Malaysia] May 2004 : HAPUA Structure was re-organized Feb 2006 : TOR and Work Plan of AIMS -II was adopted and the study started [The 1st Meeting of Power Interconnection Sub Working Group (PI SWG) in Krabi, Thailand]

Jul 2011 : AIMS-II Final Report was endorsed [The 27th Meeting of HAPUA in Danang, Vietnam] Jun 2012 : HAPUA Structure was re-organized

3 Objectives of ASEAN Power Grid (APG) but also coo “Not only technical and economic aspects, ppgeration and good relationshi pgp among the member countries”

To create APG through interconnections among all ASEAN countries To promote more efficient, economic, and secure operation of power systems through harmonious development of national electricity networks in ASEAN by region-wide interconnections To optimize the use of energy resources in the region by sharing the benefits To reduce capital required for generation capacity expansion To share experiences among member countries To provide close power cooperation in the region To identify barriers to the implementation of APG

4 ASEAN Potential Energy Resources

Sub-system A

VIETNAM Oil : 5 BBl Gas : 19.2 TCF LAO PDR Coal : 4,500 MMT Oil : - MYANMAR Hydro : 68,500 MW Gas : 3.60 TCF Wood : 48,960 KTon Coal : 600 MMT Oil : 3.1 BBl Hydro : 26,500 MW Gas : 12.1 TCF WdW ood : 46,006 KTon Coal : - Hydro : 108,000 MW Wood : 129,935 KTon PHILIPPINES CAMBODIA Oil : 0.285 BBl Oil : - Gas : 4.6 TCF BRUNEI Gas : 9.89 TCF THAILAND Coal : 346 MMT Oil : 6 BBl Coal : - Oil : 0.156 BBl Hydro : 91509,150 MW Gas : 34. 8 TCF Hydro : 10,000 MW Gas : 12.2 TCF Coal : - Geoth.: 2,047 MW Wood : 81,565 KTon Coal : 1,240 MMT Hydro : - Wood : 89,267 KTon Hydro : n.d. Wood : - Wood : 67,130 KTon SINGAPORE Sub-system C Oil : - MALAYSIA Gas : - Coal : - Oil : 3.42 BBl Hydro : - Gas : 84.4 TCF Wood : - Coal : 1,024.5 MMT Hydro : 25,000 MW Wood : 137,301 KTon

INDONESIA Oil : 10 BBl Legend Gas : 169.5 TCF Coal : 38,000 MMT Oil field/s Large/Medium Hydro : 75,625 MW Gas/condensate field/s coal deposits Geoth.: 19,658 MW Wood : 439,049 KTon Oil/gas field/s Small coal deposits Sub-system B Source : ASEAN Energy Center

5 Current HAPUA Structure

AMEM RtiLiReporting Line ASEAN Consultation Line Secretariat SOME

HAPUA HAPUA Secretariat Council

HAPUA Working Committee ASEAN Power Grid Consultative Committee (Country Coordinator) (APGCC)

Working Group #1 Working Group #2 Working Group #3 Working Group #4 Working Group #5 Distribution & Policy & Generation Transmission Power Reliability Commercial Human Resource and Q ualit y DlDevelopmen t

Chair : Indonesia Chair : Thailand Chair : Singapore Chair : Philippines Chair : Malaysia Vice Chair : Lao PDR Vice Chair : Vietnam Vice Chair : Myanmar Vice Chair : Cambodia Vice Chair : Brunei

Restructured due to the approval of the 15th Meeting of HAPUA Committee and endorsement of the 28th Meeting 6of HAPUA Council (6th June 2012). HAPUA Members

Department of Electrical Services Electricité du Cambodge Brunei Darussalam Kingdom of Cambodia

PT. PLN (Persero) Electricité du Republic of Indonesia Lao PDR

Tenaga Nasional Berhad Department of Electric Power of Myanmar MlMalaysi a UiUnion of fM Myanmar

National Power Corporation Singgpapore Power LTD Republic of the Philippines Republic of Singapore

Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand Electricity of Vietnam Kingdom of Thailand Socialist Republic of Viet Nam

7 AIMS Concept

ddeetifferent load ssapehape aaogmong ASEAN coun tri es sharing energy resources across ASEAN region (generation capacity/reserve capacity)

Less dependency on fuel imports from non-ASEAN countries ttltotal cost savings from itinterconnecti on

8 Methodology

Assumption and criteria of each system

Data collection (Generation and Transmission)

Formulation of least cost generation capacity and transmission expansion ppglanning of each system

Formulation of least cost generation capacity and transmission expansion planning of interconnection

Determination of total cost savings

9 Demand & Gen Supply in 2025 (individual)

Demand 2,696 MW Non Co-in Demand 213,804 MW Demand 4,212 MW Domestic 4,653 MW Domestic 6,632 MW Import - MW Co-in Demand 189,098 MW Import - MW EE - MW Demand 74,277 MW Total Gen Cap 254,992 MW EE - MW Domestic82,874 MW Demand 4,301 MW Import: Ca, La, Cn Domestic 4,738 MW 2,863 MW Import: La, Vn 300 MW (from Grid) EE - MW EE - MW Demand 19,649 MW Domestic 24,719 MW Import - MW Demand 54,588 MW EE - MW Domestic 57,494 MW Demand 1,132 MW Import: La 3,141 MW Domestic 1,539 MW EE: PM 300 MW Import - MW EE 200 MW

Demand 21,752 MW Demand 2,208 MW Domestic 25,728 MW Domestic 2,573 MW Import - MW Import - MW EE: Th 300 MW EE - MW

Demand 9,837 MW Domestic 12,798 MW Import - MW EE - MW Demand 4,586 MW Domestic 5,990 MW Demand 13,329 MW Demand 1,237 MW Import - MW Domestic 17,634 MW Domestic 1,617 MW EE 400 MW Import - MW Import - MW Note: EE - MW EE 20010 MW 1) Peak demand of individual systems 2) Domestic capacity includes existing, committed and generic projects 3) Import and EE capacity includes existing and committed projects only Demand & Gen Supply in 2025 (interconnected)

Demand 2,696 MW Demand 4,212 MW Domestic 4,653 MW Co-in Demand 189,098 MW Domestic 6,632 MW Import - MW Total Gen Cap 252,979 MW Import - MW EE: Th 600 MW Demand 74,277 MW Reduced Gen Cap 2,013 MW EE - MW Domestic81,874 MW Demand 4,301 MW Import: Ca, La, Cn Domestic 4,438 MW 3,585 MW Import: La, Vn 300 MW (from grid) EE - MW EE: Th 300 MW Demand 19,649 MW Domestic 24,419 MW Demand 54,588 MW Import - MW Domestic 50,294 MW EE 500 MW Import: Ca, La, Mm Demand 1,132 MW 10,591 MW Domestic 1,539 MW EE: Ca, La, PM 1,500MW Import - MW EE 200 MW

Demand 21,752 MW Demand 2,208 MW Domestic 21,848 MW Domestic 2,473 MW Import: Sw 3,200 MW Import: Sw 100 MW EE: Th, Sm 1,200 MW EE 500 MW

Demand 9,837 MW Domestic 11,003 MW Import: Bt, PM, Sm 1,800 MW EE - MW Demand 4,586 MW Domestic 6,040 MW Demand 13,329 MW Demand 1,237 MW Import - MW Domestic 17,034 MW Domestic 1,457 MW EE 400 MW Import - MW Import - MW Note: EE: PM 600 MW EE 20011 MW 1) Peak demand of individual systems 2) Domestic, import and EE capacity includes existing, committed and generic projects Interconnection Master Plan

La-Vn Vn-Cn La-Th PP Cap 19,576 MW C PP: La>Vn 2,146 MW E PP: Cn>Vn 510 MW (Include 300 MW purchase from grids, E PP: La>Th 1,260 MW 1,010 MW purchase from China, and G PP: Cn>Vn 500 MW 409 MW La>Th PPA End.) C PP: La>Th 2,290 MW EE Cap 3,000 MW G PP: La >Th 3,521 MW Ca-Th G EE (2015) 600 MW G PP: Ca>Th 100 MW Ca-Vn PPA End G EE (2015) 300 MW E PP: Vn>Ca 100 MW (from grid) PP: La>Th 409 MW Ca-La C PP: Vn>Ca 100 MW (from grid) Mm-Th C PP: La >Ca 100 MW C PP: Ca>Vn 207 MW G PP: Mm>Th 3,829 MW (from grid) G PP: Ca>Vn 222 MW Ph-Sb Th-PM G EE (2020) 500 MW E EE 300 MW G EE (2016) 300 MW Sb-Sw PM-Sm G PP: Sw>Sb 100 MW G EE (2015) 600 MW Br-Sw PM-Sg C EE 200 MW G PP: PM>Sg 600 MW SSg-Sm G PP: Sm>Sg 600 MW Sg-Bt G PP: Bt >Sg 600 MW Sw-WK PM-Sw C EE 200 MW G PP: Sw PM 3,200 MW > Note: 12 E = Existing Projects = HVAC C = Committed Projects (2010-2014) = HVDC G = Generic Projects (2015 -2025) Demand & Supply in 2025

Peak Demand Non Co-Incident 213,804 MW Co-Incident 189,098 MW

Total Gen er atio n Capac i ty Individual Scenario 254,992 MW Interconnection Scenario 252,979 MW Reduction 2,013 MW

Power Purchase Capacity 19,576 MW (Include 300 MW purchase from grids, 1,010 MW purchase from China, and 409 MW La>Th PPA End)

Economic Exchanggpye Capacity 3,000 MW

13 Fuel Mix

100% 3 5 6 7

90%

29 29 29 29 30 32 80% 37 40 41 41 42 43 43 43 Renew&Others 43 42 42 70% 3 2 2 Ge ot he r ma l Ur a nium 60% Lignite&Coal Heavy Oil

50% Diesel Ga s 45 51 47 44 53 Hydro& Pump 40% 56 41 39 38 38 37 36 36 34 33 33 33 30%

20%

10% 21 20 20 20 17 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 18 18 18 12 14

0% 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

14 Net Saving on Interconnection Plan

Savings on Generation Costs 4,475 MUSD

Required Investment on Interconnection 3,687 MUSD

Net Savings 788 MUSD

15 AIMSAIMS--IIII Findings

Benefit : Sharing energy resources among ASEAN Countries to optimize the utilization of ASEAN resources for highest efficiency Results:

. By 2025, there will be up to 19,576 MW of cross-border power purchase and 3,000 MW of economic exchange through the cross border interconnections

. The integration of ASEAN Network resulted in a net saving of 788 MUSD and a reduction in installed capacity by 2,013 MW

16 16 AIMSAIMS--IIII Results

Earliest COD 1) P.Malaysia - Singapore (New) 2018 2) Thailand - P.Malaysia PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA • Sadao - Bukit Keteri Existing YUNNAN • Khlong Ngae - Gurun Existing • Su Ngai Kolok - 2015 • Khlong Ngae – Gurun (2nd Phase, 300MW) 2016 LAO PDR 9 3) Sarawak - P. Malaysia 2015-2021 11 4) P.Malaysia - Sumatra 2015 5) Batam - Singapore 2015-2017 10 6) SkSarawak - WtKlitWest Kalimantan 2012 13 14 CAMBODIA 7) Philippines - Sabah 2020 8) Sarawak - Sabah – Brunei 12 • Sarawak –Sabah 2020 7 • Sabah – Brunei Not Selected • Sarawak – Brunei 2012-2016 BRUNEI 8 SABAH 15 9) Thailand - Lao PDR 2 • Roi Et 2 - Nam Theun 2 Existing SARAWAK P. MALAYSIA • 2 – – Then Hinboun (Exp.) Existing 3 4 6 • Mae Moh 3 - Nan - Hong Sa 2015 5 • 3- Nabong (converted to 500KV) 2017 1 BATAM • 3 – – Xe Pian Xe Namnoy 2018 16 SINGAPORE • Khon Kaen 4 – 2 – Xayaburi 2019 • Thailand – Lao PDR (New) 2015-2023 INDONESIA 10) Lao PDR - Vietnam 2011-2016 11) Thailand - Myanmar 2016-2025 12) Viietnam - Cambdi(bodia (New ) 2014-2017 13) Lao PDR - Cambodia 2011 14) Thailand - Cambodia (New) 2015-2017 15) East Sabah - East Kalimantan Newly Proposed 16) Singapore – Sumatra 2020

17 APG Present Status (May 2013)2013) Earliest COD 1) P.Malaysia - Singapore (New) 2018 2) Thailand - P.Malaysia PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA • Sadao - Bukit Keteri Existing YUNNAN • Khlong Ngae - Gurun Existing • Su Ngai Kolok - Rantau Panjang 2015 • Khlong Ngae – Gurun (2nd Phase, 300MW) 2016 LAO PDR 9 3) Sarawak - P. Malaysia 2015-2021 11 4) P.Malaysia - Sumatra 2017

10 5) Batam - Singapore 2015-2017 13 6) Sarawak - West Kalimantan 2015 14 CAMBODIA 7) Philippines - Sabah 2020

12 8) Sarawak - Sabah – Brunei 7 • Sarawak –Sabah 2020 • Sabah – Brunei Not Selected BRUNEI 8 SABAH 15 • Sarawak – Brunei 2012, 2016 2 P. MALAYSIA SARAWAK 9) Thailand - Lao PDR 3 • Roi Et 2 - Nam Theun 2 Existing 4 6 5 • Sakon Nakhon 2 – Thakhek – Then Hinboun (Exp.) Existing 1 BATAM • Mae Moh 3 - Nan - Hong Sa 2015 16 SINGAPORE • Udon Thani 3- Nabong (converted to 500KV) 2018 • Ubon Ratchathani 3 – Pakse – Xe Pian Xe Namnoy 2018 INDONESIA • Khon Kaen 4 – Loei 2 – Xayaburi 2019 • Thailand – Lao PDR (New) 2015-2023 10) Lao PDR - Vietnam 2011-2016 11) Thailand - Myanmar 2016-2025 Priority Projects 12) Vietnam - Cambodia (New) 2017 13) Lao PDR - Cambodia 2016 14) Thailand - Cambodia (New) 2015-2020 15) East Sabah - East Kalimantan 2020 18 16) Singapore – Sumatra 2020 Existing APG Projects (May 2013)2013) Project Interconnected Systems Capacity No. (MW) 1P.Malaysia – Singgpapore 450

2 Thailand – P.Malaysia 380 - Sadao – Bukit Keteri 80 - Khlong Ngae – Gurun 300 9 Thailand – Lao PDR 2,105 - Nakhon Phanom - Thakhek - Theun Hinboun 214 - Ubon Ratchathani 2 – Houay Ho 126 - Roi Et 2 – Nam Theun 2 948 - Udon Thani 3 – Nabong – Nam Ngum 2 597 - Nakhon Phanom 2 - Thakhek - Theun Hinboun (Exp) 220 10 Lao PDR - Vietnam 248

12 Vietnam – Cambodia 170

14 Thailand – Cambodia 100 19 APG Priority Projects (May 2013)2013)

Project Interconnected Systems Capacity No. (MW) 4 P.Malaysia – Sumatra (2017) 600 - Melaka – Pekan Baru 6 West Kalimantan – Sarawak (2015) 230

20 Challenges

Harmonization of common technical standards codes or guidelines in the areas of Planninggg,yp and Design, System Operation and Maintenance

Harmonization of legal and regulatory framework for bilateral and cross-border power interconnection and trade

Functional area knowledge (skills, experiences)

Financinggg Modalities for funding sources to APG realization

National Policy

Cooperation among ASEAN Energy Agency such as HAPUA, ASCOPE, AFOC

High penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources

Fu el su bsidiary (pr ice distor tion)

21 Way to Overcome Challenges

Hiring an expert to conduct harmonization study for ASEAN Power Grid

(tldfthilhitiit(conceptual road map for technical harmonization is to set up 1ASEANTSO1. ASEAN TSOs 2. GidPlGrid Planers Pl Pltfatform

3. ASEAN Electricity Regulators 4. Trial Operation of Guidelines 5. Minimum Common Standards) Establishment of ASEAN Residential School in Electric Power Engineering (ARSEPE)

Fundinggppgy sources or financial support to be assisted and sought by AIFM

Deregulation or relaxation of regulation to assist private investment

National Expert Group on specific field

(less dependency on non ASEAN countries)

Introduction on sub -regional interconnection (such as GMS)

Restructure HAPUA Working Group

22 23 กฟผ.