DOCSLIB.ORG

Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Two Little-Known Species of Loxodes, L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Two Little-Known Species of Loxodes, L J. Ocean Univ. China (Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-019-3897-3 ISSN 1672-5182, 2019 18 (3): 643-653 http://www.ouc.edu.cn/xbywb/ E-mail:[email protected] Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Two Little-Known Species of Loxodes, L. kahli Dragesco & Njiné, 1971 and L. rostrum Müller, 1786 (Protist, Ciliophora, Karyorelictea) WANG Lun, QU Zhishuai, LI Song, and HU Xiaozhong* Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China (Received April 26, 2018; revised May 2, 2018; accepted December 5, 2018) © Ocean University of China, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2019 Abstract The morphology and phylogeny of two little-known species, Loxodes kahli Dragesco & Njiné, 1971 and L. rostrum Müller, 1786, isolated from freshwater muddy sediments in China, were investigated based on live features, infraciliature, and small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequence data. Loxodes kahli is distinguished from its congeners mainly by the num- ber and arrangement of macronuclei (6–17 in one row) and the number of right somatic ciliary rows (11–26). The Chinese popula- tions of L. kahli also exhibit differences with other populations in terms of the body size and the number of right ciliary rows. The characteristics of L. rostrum are consistent with those of previous studies except for the number of right ciliary rows (9–10). The studied species were redefined based on the new information and previous descriptions. This study also gave a brief morphological summary of the species in the genus Loxodes by an identification key. SSU rDNA sequence-based phylogenetic analyses revealed that both species are grouped with their congeners, supporting the monophyly of the genus Loxodes. Key words anaerobe; benthic ciliate; ciliature; Loxodida; SSU rDNA chel and Finlay, 1984; Finlay, 1985; Fenchel and Finlay, 1 Introduction 1986; Finlay et al., 1986; Buonanno, 2005; Buonanno et al., 2005) or L. magnus Stokes, 1887 (Goulder, 1972; Since the introduction of a new fixative, and the com- Bobyleva et al., 1980; Raikov, 1982, 1994, 1996). More- bination of Wilbert’s protargol and Fernandez-Galiano’s over, the detailed information on the ciliature is only silver carbonate staining methods, the infraciliature data available for these species (Foissner and Rieder, 1983; of more than 40 species of karyorelicteans have been Kim et al., 2009) and L. vorax Stokes, 1885 (Xu et al., revealed (e.g., Foissner and Al-Rasheid, 1999; Song et al., 2015). For the remaining species of Loxodes, i.e., L. kahli 2009; Xu et al., 2012, 2013a, b, c, 2014, 2015, 2017; Yan Dragesco and Njiné, 1971, L. rostrum Müller, 1786, and et al., 2013, 2015a, b, 2016a, b, 2017; Liu et al., 2017). L. rex Dragesco, 1970, more detailed information re- Similar to most other marine karyorelicteans, members of garding the oral and somatic ciliature is still lacking. the genus Loxodes Ehrenberg, 1830 are often laterally Loxodes kahli was firstly discovered in Cameroon, Af- flattened and live in various freshwater environments, rica by Dragesco and Njiné (1971), who provided a brief such as muddy sediments and anaerobic water columns (Lynn, 2008). As the only freshwater representative of description, including the size, the number of macronu- karyorelicteans, Loxodes species have been widely used clei and micronuclei, and a sketch of ciliature. From then in the study of the nuclear division (Bobyleva et al., 1980; on, no other descriptions were available until the organ- Raikov, 1982, 1994, 1996), structure and function of ism was identified in South Korea (Kim et al., 2009). Müller vesicles (Fenchel and Finlay, 1986), perception However, in these investigations there was not statistic and reaction to oxygen and nitrate (Finlay, 1985; Finlay information about the detailed ciliature and DNA se- et al., 1986), defensive behavior (Buonanno, 2005; Buo- quences. L. rostrum was firstly identified by Müller (1786). nanno et al., 2005), geotaxis (Fenchel and Finlay, 1984; Then Raikov (1959) provided the related nuclear infor- Neugebauer et al., 1998), and grazing behavior (Goulder, mation, and Dragesco (1970), Dragesco and Dragesco- 1972). However, these investigations mainly focused on Kernéis (1986), and Foissner (1995) all gave similar de- L. striatus Penard, 1917 (Raikov, 1982, 1994, 1996; Fen- scriptions of L. rostrum. However, there was not detailed ciliature and molecular information in these descriptions. * Corresponding author. Tel: 0086-532-82031610 In this paper, we studied L. kahli collected from two E-mail: [email protected] freshwater habitats in Qingdao and Shenzhen, and L. 644 WANG et al. / J. Ocean Univ. China (Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research) 2019 18: 643-653 rostrum isolated from freshwater habitat in Zhanjiang, 2016 from the sediments of Buji River, Shenzhen, south- China with the detailed description of its morphology. ern China (22˚32΄N, 114˚06΄E), where the water tem- With our knowledge, this is the first time to study these perature was about 22℃ (Fig.1). L. rostrum was col- species. In addition, we summarized the morphological lected on April 14, 2014 from the sediments in a fresh- characters of the six species within this genus and ana- water lake in Huguangyan scenic spot in Zhanjiang, Chi- lyzed the evolutionary position of Loxodes based on na (21˚08΄N, 110˚17΄E), where the water temperature was small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequence about 23℃ (Fig.1). The cells were isolated by micro- data. pipettes and observed in vivo using bright-field and dif- ferential interference microscopy. The ciliature was re- 2 Materials and Methods vealed by the protargol staining method (Wilbert, 1975). The counts and measurements on stained specimens were 2.1 Sampling and Morphological Investigations performed at a magnification of 1000 × (Microscope The first population of L. kahli was collected on May Olympus BX53). The line drawings were made by free- 25, 2016 from the sediments in a freshwater pond in hand sketches or with the help of the camera lucida. The Baihuayuan Park, Qingdao, northern China (36˚03΄N, terminology and systematics are mainly in accordance 120˚21΄E), where the water temperature was about 20℃ with the works of Foissner (1996) and Gao et al. (2016), (Fig.1). The second one was collected on December 15, respectively. Fig.1 Sampling location. A, A pond in Baihuayuan Park, Qingdao (36˚03΄N, 120˚21΄E); B, Buji River, Shenzhen (22˚32΄N, 114˚06΄E); C, A lake in Huguangyan Park, Zhanjiang (21˚08΄N, 110˚17΄E). karyotic universal reverse primer 18SR (5’-TGA TCC 2.2 DNA Extraction, Polymerase Chain Reaction TTC TGC AGG TTC ACC TAC-3’) (Medlin et al., 1988). (PCR), and Gene Sequencing The PCR products were sequenced bidirectionally in the The genomic DNA extraction, PCR, and sequencing of Tsingke Biological Technology Company (Qingdao, China). the SSU rDNA gene were performed as described in the The contigs were assembled by Seqman (DNAStar). work of Gao et al. (2013). One or more cells were iso- lated from the environmental samples and washed for 2.3 Phylogenetic Analyses several times with filtered water from the sampled envi- The phylogenetic analyses, which were performed ac- ronment (0.22 µm) to remove contaminants. The cells cording to the study of Wang et al. (2017), included three were then transferred to a 1.5 mL Eppendorf tube with a new sequences in the present study and another 46 se- minimum volume of water. The genomic DNA was ex- quences that were downloaded from the National Center tracted using DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Hil- for Biotechnology Information GenBank database (ac- den, Germany) following the manufacturer’s instructions. cession numbers shown in Fig.6). All the sequences were The PCR amplification of SSU rDNA was performed by aligned using the GUIDANCE2 Server (Sela et al., 2015) Q5 PremixTaq with the forward primer (5’-GCC AGT with default settings, and the resulting alignment was AGT SAT ATG CTT GTC T-3’) designed by our col- manually modified using BioEdit v.7.2.5 (Hall, 1999). league, Mr. Weibo Zheng (Yan et al., 2016b) and the eu- The maximum likelihood (ML) analyses were performed WANG et al. / J. Ocean Univ. China (Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research) 2019 18: 643-653 645 in CIPRES Science Gateway (URL: http://www.phylo.org/ sub_sections/portal) (Miller et al., 2010) using RAxML- HPC2 (Stamatakis et al., 2008) on XSEDE v.8.1.24 with 3 Results and Discussion the GTRGAMMA+I model. The reliability of internal 3.1 L. kahli Dragesco & Njiné, 1971 (Figs.2A–2F branches was assessed using a nonparametric bootstrap and 3; Table 1) method with 1000 replicates. The Bayesian inference (BI) analyses were carried out by MrBayes on XSEDE 3.2.6 This organism has been redescribed only once (Kim in CIPRES Science Gateway with the model GTR+I+G et al., 2009) since it was firstly reported by Dragesco and as selected by MrModeltest v.2.2 (Nylander, 2004). Njiné (1971), who were cited by Dragesco and Dragesco- Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations were run with Kernéis (1986). However, no detailed information is two sets of four chains for 6000000 generations with a available about its infraciliature, especially the oral ap- sampling frequency of 100 generations, and 25% of them paratus. On the basis of the new data, the discussion be- were discarded as burn-in. MEGA v.7.0.21 was used to low provides an improved diagnosis and redescription of visualize the tree topologies. the species. Fig.2 L. kahli in vivo (A) and after protargol staining (B–F); L. rostrum in vivo (G) and after protargol staining (H–J). A, G, Right side of a representative individual.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Novel Contributions to the Peritrich Family Vaginicolidae
    applyparastyle “fig//caption/p[1]” parastyle “FigCapt” Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2019, 187, 1–30. With 13 figures. Novel contributions to the peritrich family Vaginicolidae (Protista: Ciliophora), with morphological and Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/187/1/1/5434147/ by Ocean University of China user on 08 October 2019 phylogenetic analyses of poorly known species of Pyxicola, Cothurnia and Vaginicola BORONG LU1, LIFANG LI2, XIAOZHONG HU1,5,*, DAODE JI3,*, KHALED A. S. AL-RASHEID4 and WEIBO SONG1,5 1Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China 2Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China 3School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China 4Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia 5Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China Received 29 September 2018; revised 26 December 2018; accepted for publication 13 February 2019 The classification of loricate peritrich ciliates is difficult because of an accumulation of several taxonomic problems. In the present work, three poorly described vaginicolids, Pyxicola pusilla, Cothurnia ceramicola and Vaginicola tincta, were isolated from the surface of two freshwater/marine algae in China. In our study, the ciliature of Pyxicola and Vaginicola is revealed for the first time, demonstrating the taxonomic value of infundibular polykineties. The small subunit rDNA, ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region and large subunit rDNA of the above species were sequenced for the first time. Phylogenetic analyses based on these genes indicated that Pyxicola and Cothurnia are closely related.
    [Show full text]
  • Handout Lec. 25
    Introduction to Biosystematics - Zool 575 Introduction to Biosystematics Confidence - Assessment of the Strength of Lecture 25 - Confidence - Assessment 2 the Phylogenetic Signal - part 2 1. Consistency Index 2. g1 statistic, PTP - test “Quantifying the uncertainty of a phylogenetic 3. Consensus trees estimate is at least as important a goal as obtaining the phylogenetic estimate itself.” 4. Decay index (Bremer Support) - Huelsenbeck & Rannala (2004) 5. Bootstrapping / Jackknifing 6. Statistical hypothesis testing (frequentist) 7. Posterior probability (see lecture on Bayesian) Derek S. Sikes University of Calgary Zool 575 Multiple optimal trees Multiple optimal trees • Many methods can yield multiple equally • If multiple optimal trees are found we know optimal trees that all of them are wrong except, possibly, (hopefully) one • We can further select among these trees with additional criteria, but • Some have argued against consensus tree methods for this reason • Typically, relationships common to all the optimal trees are summarized with • Debate over quest for true tree (point consensus trees estimate) versus quantification of uncertainty Consensus methods Strict consensus methods • A consensus tree is a summary of the agreement • Strict consensus methods require agreement among a set of fundamental trees across all the fundamental trees • There are many consensus methods that differ in: • They show only those relationships that are 1. the kind of agreement unambiguously supported by the data 2. the level of agreement • The commonest
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Data and the Evolutionary History of Dinoflagellates by Juan Fernando Saldarriaga Echavarria Diplom, Ruprecht-Karls-Un
    Molecular data and the evolutionary history of dinoflagellates by Juan Fernando Saldarriaga Echavarria Diplom, Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat Heidelberg, 1993 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Department of Botany We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA November 2003 © Juan Fernando Saldarriaga Echavarria, 2003 ABSTRACT New sequences of ribosomal and protein genes were combined with available morphological and paleontological data to produce a phylogenetic framework for dinoflagellates. The evolutionary history of some of the major morphological features of the group was then investigated in the light of that framework. Phylogenetic trees of dinoflagellates based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU) are generally poorly resolved but include many well- supported clades, and while combined analyses of SSU and LSU (large subunit ribosomal RNA) improve the support for several nodes, they are still generally unsatisfactory. Protein-gene based trees lack the degree of species representation necessary for meaningful in-group phylogenetic analyses, but do provide important insights to the phylogenetic position of dinoflagellates as a whole and on the identity of their close relatives. Molecular data agree with paleontology in suggesting an early evolutionary radiation of the group, but whereas paleontological data include only taxa with fossilizable cysts, the new data examined here establish that this radiation event included all dinokaryotic lineages, including athecate forms. Plastids were lost and replaced many times in dinoflagellates, a situation entirely unique for this group. Histones could well have been lost earlier in the lineage than previously assumed.
    [Show full text]
  • Geotaxis in the Ciliated Protozoon Loxodes
    J. exp. Biol. 110, 17-33 (1984) 17 d in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1984 GEOTAXIS IN THE CILIATED PROTOZOON LOXODES BY T. FENCHEL Department of Ecology and Genetics, University ofAarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark AND B. J. FINLAY Freshwater Biological Association, The Ferry House, Ambleside, Cumbria LA22 OLP, U.K. Accepted 14 November 1983 SUMMARY Geotaxis is demonstrated in the ciliated protozoon Loxodes. This behaviour is mediated by a mechanoreceptor which is probably the Muller body, an organelle characteristic of loxodid ciliates. The geotactic response is sensitive to dissolved oxygen tension: in anoxia or at very low O2 tensions the ciliates tend to swim up and at higher O2 tensions they tend to swim down. This behaviour, in conjunction with a kinetic response allows the ciliates to orientate themselves in vertical O2 gradients and to congregate in their optimum environment. In two appendices, models of the behaviour predicting vertical distribution patterns and considerations of the minimum size of a functional statocyst are offered. INTRODUCTION Many protozoa display a pronounced positive or negative geotaxis. The mechan- isms responsible for this have been the subject of a prolonged dispute (for references see Roberts, 1970). In the species studied so far, however, there is no evidence of mechanoreceptors. Rather, the geotactic behaviour can be explained as the result of the interactions between sinking velocity, swimming velocity, rate of random reorientation and the net result of gravitational and hydrodynamical forces. These tend passively to orientate the anterior end of the cells upwards. Through modulations of the swimming velocity and the rate of random reorientation, the cells can change their probability of moving upwards and hence their vertical distribution in the water column.
    [Show full text]
  • The Macronuclear Genome of Stentor Coeruleus Reveals Tiny Introns in a Giant Cell
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Departmental Papers (Biology) Department of Biology 2-20-2017 The Macronuclear Genome of Stentor coeruleus Reveals Tiny Introns in a Giant Cell Mark M. Slabodnick University of California, San Francisco J. G. Ruby University of California, San Francisco Sarah B. Reiff University of California, San Francisco Estienne C. Swart University of Bern Sager J. Gosai University of Pennsylvania See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/biology_papers Recommended Citation Slabodnick, M. M., Ruby, J. G., Reiff, S. B., Swart, E. C., Gosai, S. J., Prabakaran, S., Witkowska, E., Larue, G. E., Gregory, B. D., Nowacki, M., Derisi, J., Roy, S. W., Marshall, W. F., & Sood, P. (2017). The Macronuclear Genome of Stentor coeruleus Reveals Tiny Introns in a Giant Cell. Current Biology, 27 (4), 569-575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.057 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/biology_papers/49 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Macronuclear Genome of Stentor coeruleus Reveals Tiny Introns in a Giant Cell Abstract The giant, single-celled organism Stentor coeruleus has a long history as a model system for studying pattern formation and regeneration in single cells. Stentor [1, 2] is a heterotrichous ciliate distantly related to familiar ciliate models, such as Tetrahymena or Paramecium. The primary distinguishing feature of Stentor is its incredible size: a single cell is 1 mm long. Early developmental biologists, including T.H. Morgan [3], were attracted to the system because of its regenerative abilities—if large portions of a cell are surgically removed, the remnant reorganizes into a normal-looking but smaller cell with correct proportionality [2, 3].
    [Show full text]
  • University of Oklahoma
    UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER Norman, Oklahoma 2017 MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOLOGY BY ______________________________ Dr. Boris Wawrik, Chair ______________________________ Dr. J. Phil Gibson ______________________________ Dr. Anne K. Dunn ______________________________ Dr. John Paul Masly ______________________________ Dr. K. David Hambright ii © Copyright by JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER 2017 All Rights Reserved. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my two advisors Dr. Boris Wawrik and Dr. J. Phil Gibson for helping me become a better scientist and better educator. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. Anne K. Dunn, Dr. K. David Hambright, and Dr. J.P. Masly for providing valuable inputs that lead me to carefully consider my research questions. I would also like to thank Dr. J.P. Masly for the opportunity to coauthor a book chapter on the speciation of diatoms. It is still such a privilege that you believed in me and my crazy diatom ideas to form a concise chapter in addition to learn your style of writing has been a benefit to my professional development. I’m also thankful for my first undergraduate research mentor, Dr. Miriam Steinitz-Kannan, now retired from Northern Kentucky University, who was the first to show the amazing wonders of pond scum. Who knew that studying diatoms and algae as an undergraduate would lead me all the way to a Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • PROTISTAS MARINOS Viviana A
    PROTISTAS MARINOS Viviana A. Alder INTRODUCCIÓN plantas y animales. Según este esquema básico, a las plantas les correspondían las características de En 1673, el editor de Philosophical Transac- ser organismos sésiles con pigmentos fotosinté- tions of the Royal Society of London recibió una ticos para la síntesis de las sustancias esenciales carta del anatomista Regnier de Graaf informan- para su metabolismo a partir de sustancias inor- do que un comerciante holandés, Antonie van gánicas (nutrición autótrofa), y de poseer células Leeuwenhoek, había “diseñado microscopios rodeadas por paredes de celulosa. En oposición muy superiores a aquéllos que hemos visto has- a las plantas, les correspondía a los animales los ta ahora”. Van Leeuwenhoek vendía lana, algo- atributos de tener motilidad activa y de carecer dón y otros materiales textiles, y se había visto tanto de pigmentos fotosintéticos (debiendo por en la necesidad de mejorar las lentes de aumento lo tanto procurarse su alimento a partir de sustan- que comúnmente usaba para contar el número cias orgánicas sintetizadas por otros organismos) de hebras y evaluar la calidad de fibras y tejidos. como de paredes celulósicas en sus células. Así fue que construyó su primer microscopio de Es a partir de los estudios de Georg Gol- lente única: simple, pequeño, pero con un poder dfuss (1782-1848) que estos diminutos organis- de magnificación de hasta 300 aumentos (¡diez mos, invisibles a ojo desnudo, comienzan a ser veces más que sus precursores!). Este magnífico clasificados como plantas primarias
    [Show full text]
  • Protozoologica
    Acta Protozool. (2014) 53: 207–213 http://www.eko.uj.edu.pl/ap ACTA doi:10.4467/16890027AP.14.017.1598 PROTOZOOLOGICA Broad Taxon Sampling of Ciliates Using Mitochondrial Small Subunit Ribosomal DNA Micah DUNTHORN1, Meaghan HALL2, Wilhelm FOISSNER3, Thorsten STOECK1 and Laura A. KATZ2,4 1Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA; 3FB Organismische Biologie, Universität Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; 4Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA Abstract. Mitochondrial SSU-rDNA has been used recently to infer phylogenetic relationships among a few ciliates. Here, this locus is compared with nuclear SSU-rDNA for uncovering the deepest nodes in the ciliate tree of life using broad taxon sampling. Nuclear and mitochondrial SSU-rDNA reveal the same relationships for nodes well-supported in previously-published nuclear SSU-rDNA studies, al- though support for many nodes in the mitochondrial SSU-rDNA tree are low. Mitochondrial SSU-rDNA infers a monophyletic Colpodea with high node support only from Bayesian inference, and in the concatenated tree (nuclear plus mitochondrial SSU-rDNA) monophyly of the Colpodea is supported with moderate to high node support from maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. In the monophyletic Phyllopharyngea, the Suctoria is inferred to be sister to the Cyrtophora in the mitochondrial, nuclear, and concatenated SSU-rDNA trees with moderate to high node support from maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Together these data point to the power of adding mitochondrial SSU-rDNA as a standard locus for ciliate molecular phylogenetic inferences.
    [Show full text]
  • The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231610049 The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes Article in Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology · September 2012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x · Source: PubMed CITATIONS READS 961 2,825 25 authors, including: Sina M Adl Alastair Simpson University of Saskatchewan Dalhousie University 118 PUBLICATIONS 8,522 CITATIONS 264 PUBLICATIONS 10,739 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Christopher E Lane David Bass University of Rhode Island Natural History Museum, London 82 PUBLICATIONS 6,233 CITATIONS 464 PUBLICATIONS 7,765 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Biodiversity and ecology of soil taste amoeba View project Predator control of diversity View project All content following this page was uploaded by Smirnov Alexey on 25 October 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. The Journal of Published by the International Society of Eukaryotic Microbiology Protistologists J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 59(5), 2012 pp. 429–493 © 2012 The Author(s) Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology © 2012 International Society of Protistologists DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes SINA M. ADL,a,b ALASTAIR G. B. SIMPSON,b CHRISTOPHER E. LANE,c JULIUS LUKESˇ,d DAVID BASS,e SAMUEL S. BOWSER,f MATTHEW W. BROWN,g FABIEN BURKI,h MICAH DUNTHORN,i VLADIMIR HAMPL,j AARON HEISS,b MONA HOPPENRATH,k ENRIQUE LARA,l LINE LE GALL,m DENIS H. LYNN,n,1 HILARY MCMANUS,o EDWARD A. D.
    [Show full text]
  • Biologia Celular – Cell Biology
    Biologia Celular – Cell Biology BC001 - Structural Basis of the Interaction of a Trypanosoma cruzi Surface Molecule Implicated in Oral Infection with Host Cells and Gastric Mucin CORTEZ, C.*1; YOSHIDA, N.1; BAHIA, D.1; SOBREIRA, T.2 1.UNIFESP, SÃO PAULO, SP, BRASIL; 2.SINCROTRON, CAMPINAS, SP, BRASIL. e-mail:[email protected] Host cell invasion and dissemination within the host are hallmarks of virulence for many pathogenic microorganisms. As concerns Trypanosoma cruzi that causes Chagas disease, the insect vector-derived metacyclic trypomastigotes (MT) initiate infection by invading host cells, and later blood trypomastigotes disseminate to diverse organs and tissues. Studies with MT generated in vitro and tissue culture-derived trypomastigotes (TCT), as counterparts of insect- borne and bloodstream parasites, have implicated members of the gp85/trans-sialidase superfamily, MT gp82 and TCT Tc85-11, in cell invasion and interaction with host factors. Here we analyzed the gp82 structure/function characteristics and compared them with those previously reported for Tc85-11. One of the gp82 sequences identified as a cell binding site consisted of an alpha-helix, which connects the N-terminal beta-propeller domain to the C- terminal beta-sandwich domain where the second binding site is nested. In the gp82 structure model, both sites were exposed at the surface. Unlike gp82, the Tc85-11 cell adhesion sites are located in the N-terminal beta-propeller region. The gp82 sequence corresponding to the epitope for a monoclonal antibody that inhibits MT entry into target cells was exposed on the surface, upstream and contiguous to the alpha-helix. Located downstream and close to the alpha-helix was the gp82 gastric mucin binding site, which plays a central role in oral T.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquatic Ecosystems Bibliography Compiled by Robert C. Worrest
    Aquatic Ecosystems Bibliography Compiled by Robert C. Worrest Abboudi, M., Jeffrey, W. H., Ghiglione, J. F., Pujo-Pay, M., Oriol, L., Sempéré, R., . Joux, F. (2008). Effects of photochemical transformations of dissolved organic matter on bacterial metabolism and diversity in three contrasting coastal sites in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea during summer. Microbial Ecology, 55(2), 344-357. Abboudi, M., Surget, S. M., Rontani, J. F., Sempéré, R., & Joux, F. (2008). Physiological alteration of the marine bacterium Vibrio angustum S14 exposed to simulated sunlight during growth. Current Microbiology, 57(5), 412-417. doi: 10.1007/s00284-008-9214-9 Abernathy, J. W., Xu, P., Xu, D. H., Kucuktas, H., Klesius, P., Arias, C., & Liu, Z. (2007). Generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags from the ciliate protozoan parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis BMC Genomics, 8, 176. Abseck, S., Andrady, A. L., Arnold, F., Björn, L. O., Bomman, J. F., Calamari, D., . Zepp, R. G. (1998). Environmental effects of ozone depletion: 1998 assessment. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 46(1-3), 1-108. doi: Doi: 10.1016/s1011-1344(98)00195-x Adachi, K., Kato, K., Wakamatsu, K., Ito, S., Ishimaru, K., Hirata, T., . Kumai, H. (2005). The histological analysis, colorimetric evaluation, and chemical quantification of melanin content in 'suntanned' fish. Pigment Cell Research, 18, 465-468. Adams, M. J., Hossaek, B. R., Knapp, R. A., Corn, P. S., Diamond, S. A., Trenham, P. C., & Fagre, D. B. (2005). Distribution Patterns of Lentic-Breeding Amphibians in Relation to Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure in Western North America. Ecosystems, 8(5), 488-500. Adams, N.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the 2015 Workshop of the International Research
    Acta Protozool. (2016) 55: 119–121 www.ejournals.eu/Acta-Protozoologica ACTA doi:10.4467/16890027AP.16.011.4946 PROTOZOOLOGICA Report on the 2015 workshop of the International Research Coordination Network for Biodiversity of Ciliates (IRCN-BC) held at Ocean University of China (OUC), Qingdao, China, 19–21 October 2015 Alan WARREN1, Nettie McMILLER2, Lúcia SAFI3, Xiaozhong HU4, Jason TARKINGTON5 1 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; 2 North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC27707, USA; 3 Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA23062, USA; 4 Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 5Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX77023, USA The 4th workshop of the IRCN-BC, entitled ‘Cur- were recorded for the first time in the South China Sea rent Trends, Collaborations and Future Directions including two new strombidiid genera. The coastal wa- in Biodiversity Studies of Ciliates’ and convened by ters of the South China Sea are also the location of the Weibo Song and colleagues at OUC, was attended by last remaining mangrove wetlands in China. Xiaofeng 53 participants from 12 countries. The workshop com- Lin (South China Normal University) reported the dis- prised oral presentations and posters grouped into three covery of > 200 ciliate species, including 60 new spe- themes reflecting the three dimensions of biodiversity, cies and one new family, from three such wetlands over namely: taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the past decade, whereas previously < 20 spp. had been genetic diversity. The main aims of the workshop were recorded from all of China’s mangroves.
    [Show full text]