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Ethnography of Bagatha Tribe in Andhra Pradesh

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Ethnography of Bagatha Tribe in Andhra Pradesh Ethnography of Bagatha Tribe in Andhra Pradesh Sponsored by Department of Tribal Welfare Government of Andhra Pradesh J.M.NAIDU Project Consultant CENTRE FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STUDIES N.O. Campus, Begumpet, Hyderabad – 500 016. Web: www.cess.ac.in, email: [email protected], Phone: 040-23402789, 23416780, fax: 040-23406808 2020 i Ethnography of Bagatha Tribe in Andhra Pradesh Sponsored by Department of Tribal Welfare Government of Andhra Pradesh J.M.NAIDU Project Consultant CENTRE FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STUDIES N.O. Campus, Begumpet, Hyderabad – 500 016. Web: www.cess.ac.in, email: [email protected], Phone: 040-23402789, 23416780, fax: 040-23406808 2020 ii CONTENTS Page No CHAPTER – I 1-8 INTRODUCTION Ethnography, Tribes of Andhra Pradesh, Aim and Objectives, Methodology, Chapterization CHAPETR-II 9-16 THE BAGATHA TRIBE Origin, History and Etymological Significance, Myths and Legends connected with the origin and history, Distribution and Population Trend, Physical Characteristics CHAPATER – III 17-28 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION Family, Clan, Kinship, Kinship Terminology, Kin behavior - Avoidance, Joking; Tribal Social Hierarchy, Commensal Relationship, Bagathas Commensal Relationship with other tribes CHAPATER – IV 29-45 DWELLING, FOOD HABITS, DRESS, MATERIAL CULTURE, LANGUAGE, EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT Dwelling, House, Selection of New House Site, Foundation of house, Food Habits, Dress, Ornaments, Hair style, Tattooing, Smoking, Drinking, Material Culture - Domestic Articles, Musical Instruments, Agricultural implements, Environmental Sanitation, Hygiene, Disease and Treatment, Language, Literacy level and Educational status, Employment status CHAPATER – V 46-57 ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION Ecology, Flora, Fauna, Economic Resources – Forest, Land, Livestock, Agricultural Practices, Division of labour, Marketing, Income, Expenditure, Savings, Debts 58-85 CHAPATER – VI LIFE CYCLE EVENTS, BELIEFS AND CUSTOMS Life Cycle Events - Concept, Pregnancy, Child Birth, Naming, Cradle ceremony, Childhood, First hair removal, Ear and Nose Piercing, Puberty, Marriage Rules and Regulations, Marriage Procedure - Betrothal, Marriage Pandal, Marriage, Marriage by Elopement, Marriage by capture, Marriage by Service, Marriage by Exchange; Divorce, Widow / Widower Remarriage, Death- Cremation, Burial, Initial obsequies, Final obsequies iii CHAPATER – VII 86-99 RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATION Concept, Superstitions, Religious Functionaries – Priest (Pujari), Astrologer (Disari or Muhurthagadu), Shaman (Bhotha Vaidyudu), Festivals: Chaitra Festival, Pedda Devudu Festival, Bheema Devudu Festival, Korra-Sama Kotha Festival, Balli or Jankara Festival, Metta Danyam Kotha, Dyadi Amas or Deepavali, Chikkudu Kotha, Mukma Devi Festival, Gangamma Devi Festival, Nandi Devatha Festival, Phagun Kakhuta, Mamidi Kotha CHAPATER - VIII 100-106 POLITICAL ORGANIZATION Social Control, Prestige and Leadership, Political structure and leadership, Grama Sabha CHAPATER – IX 107-110 LEISURE, RECREATION, CHILD PLAY; INTER COMMUNITY REALTIONS, SOCIAL REFORMS Leisure, Recreation, Child Play, Inter- Community Relations, Social Reforms CHAPATER – X 111-114 DEVLOPMENT, CHANGE TRANSFORMATION, PAST AND PRESENT CHAPATER – XI 115-120 SUMMARY REFERENCES 121-122 ANNEXURE 123-125 PHOTOGRAPHS 126-202 iv Table Title of the table Page No No I.1 List of Scheduled Tribes of Andhra Pradesh 2 I.2 List of Villages inhabited by Bagatha studied 7 II.1 District wise Bagatha tribal population in Andhra Pradesh 12 II.2 Age and Sex wise Bagatha population in the sample study villages 13 II.3 Marital Status among Bagatha in the sample study villages 14 III.1 List of some Lineages / Surnames / Intiperlu among Bagatha 18 III.2 List of some Clans (Vamsam /Gotram / Kulam) among Bagatha 22 III.3 Corrupt form of Oriya and Telugu kinship terms used by Bagatha to 26 address relatives in Arakuvalley mandal. IV.1 Types of roof cover on house observed in the sample study villages 33 IV.2 Literacy and Educational status of Bagatha in the sample study villages 45 IV.3 Employment/Occupational status of Bagatha in the sample study villages 45 V.1 Type and extent of land owned / cultivated by Bagatha in sample study 50 villages V.2 Crop calendar followed by Bagatha at Paderu ITDA Area 53 V.3 Annual Income of Bagatha households in the sample study villages 56 V.4 Annual Expenditure of Bagatha households in the sample study villages 56 V.5 Annual Savings of Bagatha households in the sample study villages 57 V.6 Total Debt among Bagatha households in the sample study villages 57 VII.1 Calendar of Festivals in ITDA Paderu area 98 Sl.No Title of the Map Page No Map-1 Andhra Pradesh, highlighting Visakhapatnam district 4 Map - 2 Study are shown in colour from ITDA Paderu Visakhapatnam District 4 v LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Sl Title of the Photograph Page No No 1 Village entrance view of Jerrela , GKVeedhi Mandal 126-202 2 Village view of Vamugedda, Chinthapalle Mandal 3 Village view of Sukuru, Hukumpet Mandal 4 Village view of PathaPaderu, Paderu Mandal 5 View of a village, Munchingiput Mandal 6 View of Adaparai gondhi, G.K.Veedhi Mandal 7 Asbestos sheet roofed house at Bailukunchingi, Chinthapalle Mandal 8 A tiles roofed house at Vamugedda, Chinthapalle Mandal 9 A tiles roofed house built with mud walls at Adaparai goundhi, G.K.Veedhi Mandal 10 A RCC house of Bagatha family (live Vegetation fence) Bakuru, Hukumpet Mandal 11 A tiles roofed house with bath room enclosed by asbestos sheets at Bakuru village, Hukumpet Mandal 12 A asbestos sheet roofed house, Drying (Konda Kandulu)wild peaceon the house at Vamugedda village , Chinthapalle Mandal 13 A RCC House at Bakuru village, Hukumpet Mandal 14 A RCC House Under construction at Bakuru Village, Hukumpet Mandal 15 An old Bagatha man with traditional under garment (Gochi) and sweat shirt 16 Facial profile of Bagatha man 17 Facial profile (side view) of Bagatha man 18 Facial profile (side view) of Bagatha woman 19 Older Bagatha couple from Vamugedda village 20 Middle aged Bagatha couple from Bailukunchingi village 21 Young Bagatha couple 22 Young Bagatha woman carrying her son in a sling hanging to shoulder (Araku ) 23 Young Bagatha Couple from Jerrela village, G.K.Veedhi Mandal 24 Young Bagatha girls wearing modern dress and Ornaments to ankles 25 Young Bagatha Girls wearing modern dress 26 Young Bagatha Girls wearing modern dress 27 Young Bagatha Govt. School Teachers 28 Bagatha school Children from Vamugedda 29 Bagatha woman sieving flour in Varandah of her house vi 30 Drying corncobs in the Varandah, Corn seeds to be used for sowing during next season 31 Kitchen room with modern stove and gas cylinder along with utensils 32 Traditional kitchen with stove using fire wood; utensils, vessel filled with water and attic for storing agricultural / household implements 33 A Room showing bed, TV, table fan, almirah, other household articles at in the house 34 A room showing bed, TV, decorative Showcase in the house 35 Worship / prayer (Pooja) room with photographs of Hindu gods / goddesses in house 36 Idles of Hindu gods / goddesses in the house 37 Woman holding pounding rod (Kolu/ Rokali) in a stone mortar embeded on the floor 38 A woman pounding finger millet (chollu) with pounding rod (kolu) 39 Open bathing platform and utensil cleaning place 40 A kitchen garden fenced with bamboo rafters 41 A bottle guard creeper growing on pandal (with twelve polls erected at groom’s house for marriage ceremony but not removed after marriage 42 A Bagatha woman giving bath to her child at Vamugedda village, Chinthapalle Mandal 43 Make shift bathing place by enclosing with used sarees and bed sheets at a Bagatha house 44 Bath room made with asbestos sheets outside the house 45 Bath and toilet rooms outside the house in Bakuru village, Hukumpet Mandal187 46 A goat pen by the side of a Bagatha house 47 A Cattle shed by the side of a Bagatha house 48 Cattle shed cum open storage of fodder at Bakuru village, Hukumpet 49 Bagatha women carrying fire wood for fuel 50 A young Bagatha woman carrying fire wood for fuel 51 Storage of fire wood for fuel 52 Protected tap water at common place, Patha Paderu village, Paderu Mandal 53 Protected drinking water tank in Chittampadu village, Hukumpet Mandal 54 A young Bagtha woman wearing modern dress, filling vessel with water from tap point, Bakuru village, Hukumpet Mandal 55 A Bagatha woman filling vessels with protected water from common tap at Sangam village, G.Madugula Mandal 56 A Bagatha woman filling vessels with bore water at Neruduvalasa village, G.Madugula Mandal 57 Protected drinking water at Patha Paderu village, Paderu Mandal vii 58 Drawing drinking water using hand pump from bore well and also cleaning utensils 59 Drawing drinking water from a open well and also washing cloths 60 Fetching drinking water from a spring point and also washing clothes at the same place 61 Washing and drying clothes at spring point 62 Traditional grinder (Samajatha) to de-husk sama millets 63 Verity of household and agriculture implements 64 Traditional Arrows used for hunting 65 An Axe used for hunting 66 Hanging Basket for hatching eggs by hen 67 Woman plastering wattle wall with mud 68 A flat Grinding stone to make paste 69 A traditional bottle guard shell (Doky) for drawing water from vessel 70 Earthen pot for cooking curries or gruel 71 Earthen pot for storing drinking water (also broom leaning on the entrance door frame 72 Pots and sickles used by Bagatha 73 Traditional knives (Baku) used by Bagatha for fighting during war time (Bakuru, Hukumpet Mandal ) 74 Winnowing fans, small and big baskets
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