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I I I ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT I " I i I St JOHN'S CENTRE OF MINISTRY I MORPETH I I I I I I I I I For EJE Town Planning I On Behalf of the Anglican Diocese of Newcastle I WendyThorp I Cultural Resources Management I I I I I ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT I I I St JOHN'S CENTRE OF MINISTRY I MORPETH I I I I I I November 1998 I I I For EJE Town Planning I On Behalf of the Anglican Diocese of Newcastle I WendyThorp I Cultural Resources Management I I ---- -- ------------------------------------ I I Archaeological Assessment: St John's Centre of Ministry Morpeth I CONTENTS OF THE REPORT I I I 1.0 Precis of the Report . 1 I 1.1 The Investigation . 1 I 1.2 Historical Framework. 1 1.3 The Archaeological Resource 2 I 1.4 Cultural Significance 4 I 1.5 Management . 5 I 2.0 The Investigation . 6 2.1 The Study Area and Subject 6 I 2.2 Status of the Site 6 I 2.3 Methodology . 7 2.4 Objectives and Tasks. 7 I 2.5 Authorship, Client and Acknowledgements 7 I 3.0 Historical Context . ... 8 3.1 The Pre-Settlement Environment. 9 I 3.2 Closebourne House - Edward Charles Close: 1827 - 1849 11 I 3.3 Morpeth House - The Close Family, Their Tenants & J. Eales. 14 3.4 Bishopscourt - The Bishops of Newcastle: 1849 - 1912 16 I 3.5 The Church Group . 18 I 3.6 St Albans Boys' Home: 1922 - 1942 19 I 3.7 The Broughton Boys' Grammar School: 1942 - 1959 21 I -- ------------- -------------------------------------~ I I Archaeological Assessment: St John's Centre of Ministry Morpeth I 3.8 St Johns' College: 1925 - 1998 . 23 I 3.9 The Diocesan Conference Centre: 1960 - 1998 25 I 4.0 The Evidence .............. 26 4.1 Closebourne House and E. C. Close. 27 I 4.2 Morpeth House: 1856 - 1925 . 30 'I 4.3 Bishopscourt: 1849 - 1912 21 4.4 The Church Group . 33 I 4.5 St Albans Boys' Home: 1922 - 1942 34 I 4.6 Broughton Boys' Grammar School: 1942 - 1959 . 35 4.7 St Johns' College: 1925 - 1998 . 36 I 4.8 Diocesan Conference Centre: 1960 - 1998 37 I 4.9 Conclusions. 38 I 5.0 Cultural Significance 44 5.1 Evaluation Criteria . 44 I 5.2 Assessment of Significance 44' I 6.0 Management . 46 6.1 The Proposal . 46 I 6.2 Management of the Archaeological Resource 46 I 7.0 Documentation 49 7.1 Endnotes .. 49 I 7.2 Bibliography. 50 I I I I ----------------------------------------------------------------------------, I I. Archaeological Assessment: St John's Centre of Ministry, Morpeth II SECTION 1.0 I IPRECIS OF THE REPORT I I 1.1 The Investigation The subject of this investigation is the archaeological resource which may be contained within the St John's Centre of Ministry at Morpeth. This site encompasses I both Morpeth House and Closebourne and the several buildings and features associated with both. The place is identified as having high state cultural significance but no archaeological assessment has been made of it to date. The report has been I prepared to meet the requirements of the Heritage Office with respect to a proposed redevelopment of the site. Its principal objectives are to determine if there are ~rchaeological issues to be addressed in the course of future development and, if so, I the most appropriate means of managing them. I 1.2 Historical Framework A large body of historical evidence has been presented in the Conservation Plan I which documents the history, associations and role of this place. For the purpose of the archaeological assessment this information, as well as the results of additional research, has been addressed in terms of phases or themes. These represent I circumstances which have or are likely to have produced fabric unique to the events, people and needs represented by those themes. It provides the parameters for understanding the role of identifiable buildings, .Iandscape and archaeological sites I within the greater cultural landscape as well as 'creating an environment in which conclusions may be drawn with respect to poteQtial archaeological sites or evidence. I The themes developed and used for this analysIs ·are: • The Pre-Settlement Environment I • Closebourne House: Edward Charles Close, 1827 - 1849 I • Morpeth House: The Close Family, their Tenants and Mr John Eales, 1856 -1925 • Bishopscourt: The Bishops of Newcastle, 1849 - 1912 I • The Church Group I • St Albans Boys' Home, 1922 - 1942 I • The Broughton Boys' Grammar School, 1942 - 1959 • St John's College, 1925 - 1998 I I Wendy Thorp for EJE Town Planning Page 1 I ,I Archaeological Assessment: St John's Centre of Ministry, Morpeth i I Diocesan Conference Centre, 1960 - 1998 I 1.3 The Archaeological Resource The archaeological assessment has determined identified or potential sites for each I historical phase. These are: I E.C. Close and Closebourne • evidence of the pre-existing environment could be found as micro-flora and other I organic evidence; • some evidence of the initial clearance programme, charcoal and carbonised I organic material, might survive in the soil profile; • Closebourne and its two southern wings survive largely intact although modified; I archaeological investigation of sub-floor spaces may reveal evidence of occupation and development; I • investigation of the stone-built feature near the south-western wing of Closebourne is likely to confirm its use as a tank or reveal another purpose as I well as more closely date the period of its construction; • foundations survive of a brick cottage probably built in the later 1820s or 1830s used, most likely as a staff cottage, at the end of the home paddock to the I south-east of the main house; • there is no visible evidence of any other out-building, brick or timber, known to I have been associated with Closebourne and some, in the area of Morpeth House and the oval may have been lost through the impact of later works. Others, one on the ridge to the south of Closebourne, a second close to the college buildings I and a third, under the site of a later farm building, may reveal evidence on investigation. There is no evidence of a timber building which was located on Tank Street at some distance from the main house, to the south-east although I investigation of this largely undisturbed site may reveal some; • the path leading from Morpeth Road to the west of the main house survives, as I does part of the carriage circle. The path from the house from the intersection of Tank Street and Morpeth Road does not; investigation of all these areas is likely to reveal evidence of surface preparations and, possibly, hard elements which I defined their use; I • Apart from the remnant trees in the front of the house there is little or no evidence of the gardens which surrounded the house, particularly the kitchen gardens and orchards which occupied part of the land immediately behind it. Excavation and I sampling is likely to reveal m icroscopic traces which will determ ine exotics planted in this area. Some traces also may be revealed of the different plots and other I features; I Wendy Thorp for EJE Town Planning Page 2 ----- -----------------------------------~ -~~~~ --~ I I Archaeological Assessment: St John's Centre of Ministry, Morpeth I • any excavation in the area of the house and the home paddocks should be treated with caution; evidence is likely to be revealed of undocumented features, I landscape elements, drainage works and portable relics. I Morpeth House - Residential Occupation • Morpeth House and its western wing survive largely intact and the eastern wing in part. Sub-floor areas of all these buildings may provide evidence of use and I development of the nineteenth and early twentieth century residential occupation; • the southern wing, a kitchen and service wing survived from the 1850s or before I until the 1950s. There is no visible evidence of this structure but caution should be exercised in any works which are to be undertaken' in this area. Evidence of I the structure and cultural material associated with it may be found here; • there is a circular well or, more likely, a tank immediately behind the main house I which was probably built during the 1850s. It is covered and sealed. • there is likely to be evidence of drains, possibly landscape features and relics I within the immediate environs of Morpeth House; • archaeological investigation may reveal evidence of hard elements associated with paths or gardens for the central flower gardens of Morpeth House as well as I micro-flora which could determine species used in the garden; • there is no visible evidence of the carriage circle or drive which led from Morpeth I Road to the house. Archaeological investigation is likely to reveal evidence of surfaces and possibly hard elements as well as organic evidence of the I vegetation; I Bishopscourt: 1849-1912 • Closebourne was renewed several times during the residency of the Bishops of Newcastle and this is likely to have contributed some evidence to sub-floor I deposits as well as being responsible for the damage or removal of earlier material. This is true also of the main fabric of the house; I • one addition made to the house, still standing, is described as a laundry built possibly in the 1880s or c. 1890. The brick, single storey building still stands to the south-west of the main house and has been modified to serve as part of a I chapel. Care should be taken in the immediate environs of fhis building during any excavation for the likelihood of revealing drainage systems and landscaping I installed when the building was first constructed; • one other room added to the house in c.1912 is now a visible archaeological site.
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