Winchester City Council Biodiversity Action Plan 2020
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WINCHESTER CITY COUNCIL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2020 PAGE 1 This document has been kept purposely succinct. FOREWORD It sets out the key facts and issues which have WINCHESTER CITY COUNCIL influenced our decisions. It has also been written in a Welcome to Winchester City way that can be easily updated. Council’s second Biodiversity BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2020 Another key aim of this document is to provide ways Action Plan. for us to assess whether what we are doing is having Our planet is currently facing a Climate and Ecological a benefit. This is always difficult, as many factors emergency. This Plan is a vital part of our Carbon influence how well biodiversity is fairing. However, Neutrality Action Plan, which was developed following each year, the Council will undertake monitoring and Forward – by Cabinet Member for Climate Emergency _3 the Council’s declaration of a climate emergency in survey work to allow us to make informed decisions. June 2019. Introduction _____________________________________5 We have set ourselves some tough targets: Biodiversity is such a wonderful asset to those of us The need for an Action Plan ________________________6 • We aim to deliver 80% of the actions within each who live, work and visit the District: partly through its Annual Action Plan. Aims and Outcomes ____________________________ 10 ability to help reduce the impacts of climate change but also for the range of benefits it provides. Sadly, • We pledge to use all our influence to try and How we will deliver the plan _____________________ 14 we are losing biodiversity at an alarming rate and make biodiversity net gain a priority for new The species and habitats which will be targeted the Council is determined to do what it can to help developments. protect, enhance and restore it. We have therefore for action within this BAP ________________________ 18 • We will strive to be an exemplar when managing produced this action plan which sets out our strategic our own habitats, whether they be wildflower Key Species ____________________________________ 20 approach going forward. meadows, parkland or any future renewable Funding _______________________________________ 22 I would like to thank everyone who has helped energy sites. create this plan. During these difficult times, I am delighted that we are once again driving forward Summary ______________________________________ 24 consultation has been restricted, but we have held a our desire to put biodiversity at the heart of what the series of presentations and invited feedback on our Appendix i - Conservation Success Stories __________ 26 Council does, and to ensure we achieve our wider aim proposals and ideas. Indeed, one of the key aims of responding to the climate emergency. Appendix ii - List of current relevant legislation of this document is to improve our communication and documents ________________________________ 28 with everyone who shares our passion. We must Cllr Lynda Murphy all act now to reverse the decline we are seeing in Cabinet Member for Climate Emergency Appendix iii - References ________________________ 29 biodiversity across our District and beyond. January 2021 PAGE 3 BIODIVERSITY AND WHY IT MATTERS 1. INTRODUCTION The variety of life on Earth and its biological Winchester’s biodiversity is therefore a tremendous BIODIVERSITY diversity is commonly referred to as biodiversity. It asset. It gives the district a distinctive character, includes all species of plants and animals and their supports farming, forestry, tourism and other AND WHY IT interrelationships. economic enterprises, provides many of our basic needs as well as being a wonderful environment for It is important as: MATTERS spiritual enjoyment, health and wellbeing. • It provides many of the essentials of our lives In addition, the City Council has both a legal duty to including oxygen, food, water, clothing, medicines consider biodiversity across all its functions, to help and much loved landscapes. halt the loss of biodiversity and seek opportunities to • It contributes to climate stability, for example up to reverse the decline (See Appendix ii - List of current a fifth of all soil carbon in the UK is locked away in relevant legislation and documents). grassland (1). • It is a key test of sustainability. If species and habitats are disappearing, then society is not making sustainable decisions. • It boosts business with more than half the world’s GDP (44 trillion) being highly or moderately dependent on nature (2). • It provides nature-based solutions to help buffer us from natural disasters such as floods and storms. • There is a moral right for people to have access to “BIODIVERSITY IS ALL LIVING THINGS, FROM THE and benefit from the services biodiversity provides, as much as they have a right to expect access to TINY GARDEN ANT TO THE GIANT REDWOOD TREE. health and education. YOU WILL FIND BIODIVERSITY EVERYWHERE,IN • Human health ultimately depends upon ecosystem products and services (3) WINDOW BOXES AND WILD WOODS, ROADSIDES • Environments rich in wildlife benefit wellbeing, AND RAINFOREST, SNOW FIELDS AND SHORE” through emotional, social and psychological benefits (4). (THE UK BIODIVERSITY STEERING GROUP REPORT 1995) (1), (2), (3) & (4) See Appendix iii on page 29 PAGE 5 BIODIVERSITY 2. THE NEED FOR AN ACTION PLAN AND WHY IT MATTERS Local context A large number of priority habitats (as defined by It is important to note that in 2018, 87.71% of land information on Priority habitat extent and condition the Joint Nature Conservation Committee and listed within the Winchester district was not designated through the Hampshire Habitat Survey Programme under Section 41 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act (i.e. not a Local or National Nature Reserve, Wetland and from other survey data that becomes available. DESPITE ITS IMPORTANCE, 1981 [as amended]) have declined in Winchester from of International Importance, Special Area of This information is used by HBIC to maintain a GIS 2006 to 2018 including the loss of: Conservation [SAC], Special Protection Area [SPA], Site layer mapping the extent of broad and priority of Special Scientific Interest [SSSI] or Site of Important habitats in Hampshire. WE ARE LOSING • 19.2 % Lowland Calcareous Grassland, for Nature Conservation [SINC]). In fact 43.9% of Similarly many species are in decline across • 44.9% Lowland Meadow, priority habitat in the Winchester district was located BIODIVERSITY AT Hampshire. For example:- • 12% Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland, outside these designations (5). This highlights the AN ALARMING RATE potentially significant impact that changes within • Great Crested Newts, skylark, grey partridge, • 8.6% Wet Woodland and non-designated sites (open spaces, gardens, farmland serotine bats and dormouse are all declining and • 69.1% Wood Pasture & Parkland. and development areas) could have on biodiversity, the number of species showing a decline as our understanding and monitoring of these sites is in Hampshire increased from 35% to • As of 2020, 20% of Sites of Special Scientific considerably less than for the European, national and 48% between 2008 and 2018 (5). Interest within the Winchester district (our locally protected sites. nationally important sites) are not in favourable Some declining species are condition (5). In addition, the full extent of priority habitats in highly specialist and only found Hampshire is not fully known - and may never be fully in certain habitats but we are also now loosing species which • However, there have been some exceptions such known due to the dynamic state of our countryside were historically widespread and as an 11% increase in the area of Coastal and and the difficulties of obtaining access to many common. This picture is being Floodplain Grazing Marsh. areas. The Hampshire Biodiversity Information Centre (HBIC) is working with its funding partners to improve repeated nationally (6). NOT ONLY IS THIS AN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE, ? BUT ALSO AN ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND MORAL ONE. - 19.2% - 44.9% - 69.1% Calcareous Lowland Wood Pasture Grassland Meadow & Parkland THE NEED FOR AN ACTION PLAN (5) & (6) See Appendix iii on page 29 PAGE 7 2. THE NEED FOR AN ACTION PLAN National Context Biodiversity in the UK has been massively depleted • There has been a 13% decline in average species • 97% of wildflower meadows were lost between Our understanding of loss of biodiversity is by centuries of habitat loss, management changes, abundance since 1970 (this has fallen by 6% over the 1930s and 1984. compounded by the ‘Shifting Baseline Syndrome’ development and persecution. This loss to biodiversity the last 10 years). which is when each generation sees their experiences • Four UK high temperature records were broken in has continued within the last decade due to as the norm/baseline for understanding. This results • There has been a 5% decline in average species 2019 and that there was a 12% increase in above agricultural management, inappropriate development, in the loss in biodiversity being measured from each distribution since 1970 (6). This is even more average rainfall with significant flooding events (7). climate change, hydrological change, urbanisation, generation’s memories and experiences, not the significant considering biodiversity had already pollution, woodland management and invasive non- • Phenology (the timings of natural events such as memories and experiences of previous generations. declined substantially prior to collecting the 1970 native species putting significant pressures on wildlife. bird nesting season and when spring bulbs first Therefore each generation does not have a true baseline data. URGENT AND CONCERTED appear) is also changing. For example the first understanding of the changes which have occurred • Biodiversity loss has also been recorded across leaves appeared on trees nearly ten days earlier previously and what has been lost. EFFORTS ON A LOCAL, NATIONAL broad categories of animals. For example it is than on average and dropped 12 days later than However, biodiversity loss is not inevitable and it is AND GLOBAL SCALE HAVE THE estimated that the total number of breeding birds average. The changes in the timings of natural not yet too late to reverse this decline.