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Directorio De Colecciones De Germoplasma En América Latina Y El Caribe Directorio de Colecciones de Germoplasma en América Latina y el Caribe Primera edición Helle Knudsen, editor producido en colaboración con IPGRI is a Centre Directorio de Colecciones de Germoplasma en América Latina y el Caribe Primera edición Helle Knudsen, editor ii DIRECTORIO de COLECCIONES de GERMOPLASMA en AMÉRICA LATINA y el CARIBE El International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) es una organización internacional autónoma de carácter científico, apoyada por el Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). El IPGRI tiene el mandato de promover la conservación y el uso de los recursos fitogenéticos en beneficio de las generaciones presentes y futuras. El IPGRI tiene su sede en Roma, Italia, y oficinas en otros 14 países en todo el mundo. El Instituto funciona mediante tres programas : (1) el Programa de Recursos Fitogenéticos, (2) el Programa de Apoyo a los Recursos Genéticos del CGIAR; y (3) la International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP). Un Convenio de Establecimiento confiere al IPGRI su status internacional. Hasta enero de 1999, este Convenio había sido firmado y ratificado por los gobiernos de Argelia, Australia, Bélgica, Benin, Bolivia, Brasil, Burkina Faso, Camerún, Chile, Congo, Costa Rica, Costa de Marfil, Chipre, Dinamarca, Ecuador, Egipto, Grecia, Guinea, Hungría, India, Indonesia, Irán, Israel, Italia, Jordania, Kenia, Malaysia, Mauritania, Marruecos, Noruega, Pakistán, Panamá, Perú, Polonia, Portugal, República Checa, República de China, Rumania, Rusia, Senegal, Eslovakia, Sudán, Suiza, Siria, Túnez, Turquía, Uganda y Ucrania. El apoyo financiero para el Plan de Investigación del IPGRI proviene de los Gobiernos de Alemanaia, Australia, Austria, Bélgica, Brasil, Bulgaria, Canadá, Croacia, Chipre, Dinamarca, Eslovakia, Eslovenia, España, Estados Unidos, Estonia, Filipinas, Finlandia, Francia, Grecia, Holanda, Hungría, Islandia, India, Irlanda, Israel, Italia, Japón, Letonia, Lituania, Luxemburgo, Macedonia (F.Y.R.), Malta, México, Mónaco, Noruega, Perú, Polonia, Portugal, Reino Unido, República Checa, República de Corea, República de China, República Sudafricana, Rumania, Suecia, Suiza y Turquía; proviene también del Asian Development Bank, del Common Fund for Commodities, del Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), de la European Union, de la Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), del International Development Research Centre (IDRC), del International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), de la International Association for the Promotion of Cooperation with Scientists from the New Independent States of the former Soviet Union (INTAS), del Interamerican Development Bank, del Natural Resources Institute (NRI), el Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), del Nordic Genebank, de la Rockefeller Foundation, del United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), del United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), del Taiwan Banana Research Institute (TBRI) y del World Bank. Las designaciones geográficas empleadas y la presentación del material de esta publicación no implican, en ninguna forma, la expresión de cualquier opinión por parte del IPGRI o del CGIAR en cuanto a la situación jurídica de un país, territorio, ciudad o zona, cualesquiera que sea, o de sus autoridades, ni en cuanto a la delimitación de las fronteras o límites de esos entes políticos. De manera semejante, los criterios expresados son de los autores y no reflejan necesariamente los de las organizaciones participantes aquí mencionadas. Referencia bibliográfica: Knudsen, H. 2000. Directorio de Colecciones de Germoplasma en América Latina y el Caribe. Primera edición. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), Roma, Italia. ISBN 92-9043-416-3 IPGRI Via delle Sette Chiese 142 00145 Roma Italia © International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, 2000 iii Índice Prefacio v Antecedentes vi Agradecimientos vii Foreword viii Background ix Acknowledgements x Redes de Recursos Fitogenéticos 1 Plant Genetic Resources Networks 4 Países 7 Antigua y Barbuda 7 Argentina 10 Barbados 37 Bolivia 40 Brasil 48 Chile 102 Colombia 110 Costa Rica 143 Cuba 167 Dominica 179 Ecuador 181 El Salvador 195 Grenada 200 Guadeloupe, Martinique y Guyane (Francia) 202 Guatemala 209 Guyana 215 Haiti 218 Honduras 220 Jamaica 251 México 257 Nicaragua 270 Panamá 275 Paraguay 279 Perú 283 Puerto Rico y US Virgin Islands (Estados Unidos) 308 República Dominicana 312 Saint Lucia 318 Saint Vincent y The Grenadines 320 Suriname 321 Trinidad y Tobago 325 Uruguay 330 Venezuela 340 iv DIRECTORIO de COLECCIONES de GERMOPLASMA en AMÉRICA LATINA y el CARIBE Siglas 353 Coordinadores Nacionales de Recursos Fitogenéticos 356 Coordinadores Internacionales de las Redes de Recursos Fitogenéticos 360 Ìndice de las especies 361 v Prefacio Para elaborar la política y las estrategias conducentes a la conservación y el uso de los recursos fitogenéticos, los programas nacionales dedicados a estos asuntos necesitan saber qué recursos existen en sus países. Un esfuerzo racional de conservación empieza idealmente con la identificación y el inventario de los recursos existentes. Este Directorio pretende mejorar la interacción directa que se establece entre las instituciones y las personas ocupadas en las actividades de los recursos fitogenéticos y mejorar el intercambio de información y de germoplasma entre los países y las instituciones. Este Directorio es una respuesta a la necesidad expresada por las instituciones y las organizaciones de América Latina y el Caribe de documentar las actividades de conservación ex situ de los recursos fitogenéticos de esa región. Haciendo esto, el Directorio aborda también algunas de las actividades prioritarias del Plan de Acción Mundial para la Conservación y Utilización Sostenible de los Recursos Fitogenéticos, que fue adoptado por los representantes de 150 países en la 4a Conferencia Técnica Internacional sobre los Recursos Fitogenéticos celebrada en Leipzig, Alemania, en 1996. En esa conferencia se recomendó a cada país que hiciera un trabajo de identificación e inventario de los recursos fitogenéticos relacionados con la alimentación y la agricultura, y que construyera sistemas integrales de información que permitieran manejar y comunicar dicha información. Esta publicación resultó de la colaboración entre el IPGRI, las cinco redes subrregionales de recursos fitogenéticos de las Américas, los coordinadores nacionales, las instituciones dedicadas a la investigación y las universidades, y otros socios comprometidos en las actividades que se refieren a los recursos fitogenéticos de la región. Es grande la esperanza que tenemos de que este Directorio sea ampliamente consultado y contribuya a mejorar el intercambio de información y de germoplasma, lo que facilitará sin duda la conservación y el uso de los recursos fitogenéticos dentro del continente americano y en el resto del mundo. Ramón Lastra Director Oficina Regional para las Américas IPGRI vi DIRECTORIO de COLECCIONES de GERMOPLASMA en AMÉRICA LATINA y el CARIBE Antecedentes El proceso de recopilación de información para elaborar este catálogo se inició en 1997. La metodología para la encuesta fue desarrollada en la reunión anual de la Red Andina de Recursos Fitogenéticos (REDARFIT) y presentada posteriormente en las reuniones de otras redes subregionales de recursos fitogenéticos, donde se sometió a discusión; son ellas la red mesoamericana, REMERFI, la red amazónica, TROPIGEN, y la red del Caribe, CAPGERNet. Se decidió recopilar esa información a manera de cuestionario, el cual fue desarrollado gracias a la colaboración de cinco Coordinadores Nacionales. El cuestionario especificaba el tipo de información que sería considerada para resumir con ella el status y el contenido de cada banco de germoplasma. Cada país decidía si el Coordinador Nacional coordinaría el inventario en su país o si el editor del Directorio haría contacto directo con las instituciones que tenían el germoplasma. Finalmente, cada Coordinador Nacional redactó una introducción breve sobre los recursos fitogenéticos de su país. El primer paso para recolectar los datos fue identificar, en cada país, las instituciones que tenían bancos de germoplasma. Este trabajo se hizo consultando la información existente en las bases de datos del IPGRI y la que proporcionaban los Coordinadores Nacionales y otros socios de esta investigación. Se enviaron luego los cuestionarios a todas las instituciones identificadas. La información actualizada que se recibió en respuesta a estos cuestionarios se incorporó en las bases de datos del IPGRI. Una segunda serie de cuestionarios de distribuyó, a comienzos de 1999, entre las instituciones de las que no se había recibido información. Sobre algunas de ellas se obtuvieron datos provisionales de otras fuentes, como los catálogos de semillas, los informes del país respectivo, la publicación titulada El Estado de los Recursos Fitogenéticos del Mundo para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO 1996), y los informes anuales. El paso final fue enviar a las instituciones los listados de los datos compilados, para verificar la información, actualizarla y hacerle correcciones de último momento. Los nombres de aquellas instituciones que dejaron de contestar a cualquiera de estas comunicaciones están marcados con un asterisco (*) en el Directorio. El formato de las bases de datos impuso algunas limitaciones ortográficas; por ejemplo, no se marcó ningún acento diacrítico
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