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Taro Production – Mechanisation and Industry Development – Taro Production – mechanisation and industry development – A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation by Craig D Lemin July 2006 RIRDC Publication No 06/019 RIRDC Project No DAQ-291A © 2006 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 1 74151 282 4 ISSN 1440-6845 Taro production – mechanisation and industry development Publication No. 06/019 Project No.DAQ-291A The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable industries. The information should not be relied upon for the purpose of a particular matter. Specialist and/or appropriate legal advice should be obtained before any action or decision is taken on the basis of any material in this document. The Commonwealth of Australia, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, the authors or contributors do not assume liability of any kind whatsoever resulting from any person's use or reliance upon the content of this document. This publication is copyright. However, RIRDC encourages wide dissemination of its research, providing the Corporation is clearly acknowledged. For any other enquiries concerning reproduction, contact the Publications Manager on phone 02 6272 3186. Researcher Contact Details Craig Lemin Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries PO Box 20 SOUTH JOHNSTONE QLD 4859 Phone: 07 4064 1130 Fax: 07 4064 2249 Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to RIRDC publishing this material in its edited form. RIRDC Contact Details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 2 15 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6272 4819 Fax: 02 6272 5877 Email: [email protected]. Website: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Published in July 2006 Printed on environmentally friendly paper by Canprint ii Foreword In Australia, taro is a minor crop, grown commercially in tropical and sub-tropical regions mainly for its edible corms. Production caters to a significant market mainly amongst Asians and Pacific Islanders in east coast capital cities. Further domestic and export market opportunities exist if production costs can be significantly lowered. However, the industry is relatively poorly developed, characterised by small scale production and has high labour inputs. Sustained industry expansion is constrained by a lack of mechanisation of production, harvesting and handling. This project investigated technology for mechanising taro planting, harvesting, washing and cleaning. A limited review of existing mechanisation practices and some equipment development was carried out. Technologies exist for adoption of mechanised planting and harvesting in taro although further investigation and development of harvesting equipment is desirable. Agronomic studies and/or information gathering are also required to develop and optimise a production system based around mechanisation. Additionally, further investigation and development of appropriate washing machinery is required as currently developed technology requires improvement or is inadequate. This project was funded from RIRDC Core Funds, which are provided by the Australian Government. This project was conducted by the Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Queensland Government. This report, an addition to RIRDC’s diverse range of over 1500 research publications, forms part of our Asian Foods Research Program, which aims to foster the development of a viable Asian Foods industry in Australia. Most of our publications are available for viewing, downloading or purchasing online through our website: • downloads at www.rirdc.gov.au/fullreports/index.html • purchases at www.rirdc.gov.au/eshop Dr Peter O’Brien Managing Director Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation iii Acknowledgments In performing this project the collaboration with and information shared by the following people is particularly acknowledged: Robert Chen (wholesale agent) Leo Bergoyne (grower) Jeff Daniells (DPI&F) Matt Debman (grower) Tony Denton (proprietor–Adds Up Engineering) Dennis Garvey (grower) Lester Loader (grower and formerly DPI&F) Terry Mather (grower) Peter McLaughlin (grower and former President–NORADA) Khuong Nguyen (grower) Philippe and Naomi Petiniaud (growers and former President–TGA) Peter Salleras (grower) Steve Scopelliti (grower) Trevor Vicarioli (proprietor–Vicariloli Engineering) Dan White (UCQ) Don Zanoletti (grower) Abbreviations DPI&F – Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (Queensland) NORADA – Northern Rivers Agricultural Development Association TGA – Taro Growers of Australia Incorporated RIRDC – Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation UCQ – University of Central Queensland iv Contents Foreword............................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments................................................................................................................................. iv Abbreviations........................................................................................................................................ iv Contents.................................................................................................................................................. v List of Figures....................................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables........................................................................................................................................ vii Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... viii 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Taro cultivation ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Australian industry status and development.................................................................................. 2 2. Objectives............................................................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Project rationale............................................................................................................................. 5 2.2 Primary objectives......................................................................................................................... 5 3. Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 6 3.1 Strategy.......................................................................................................................................... 6 3.2 Research and development activities............................................................................................. 6 4. Results and discussion....................................................................................................................... 8 4.1 Mechanisation of taro planting...................................................................................................... 8 4.2 Mechanisation of taro harvesting: large corm types.................................................................... 11 4.3 Mechanisation of taro harvesting: small corm types................................................................... 20 4.4 Mechanisation of taro washing and cleaning: large corm types.................................................. 21 4.5 Mechanisation of taro washing and cleaning: small corm types................................................. 35 5. Implications...................................................................................................................................... 36 5.1 Mechanisation of planting........................................................................................................... 36 5.2 Mechanisation of harvesting ....................................................................................................... 36 5.3 Mechanisation of washing and cleaning...................................................................................... 38 5.4 Cropping systems for mechanised production ............................................................................ 41 6. Recommendations ........................................................................................................................... 42 6.1 Mechanisation: large-corm types ................................................................................................ 42 6.2 Mechanisation: small-corm types................................................................................................ 43 6.3 Extension activities...................................................................................................................... 44 6.4 Exploiting market opportunities.................................................................................................. 44 7. Appendices ....................................................................................................................................... 45 Appendix A. Universal
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