19th Australasian Coastal and Ocean Engineering Conference 2009 and the 12th Australasian Port and Harbour Conference 2009
(COASTS and PORTS 2009)
Wellington,xxx New Zealand 16-18 September 2009
ISBN: 978-1-62276-429-7
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Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: 845-758-0400 Fax: 845-758-2634 Email: [email protected] Web: www.proceedings.com TABLE OF CONTENTS
EVOLVING COASTS
Geomorphological Threats of Climate Change on the Gippsland Coast ...... 1 Allan Charteris, Eric Sjerp, Andrew McCowan, Elise Lawry, Duncan Malcolm
Integrated Assessment of Coastal Hazards and Climate Change for Clarence City, Tasmania...... 7 James T. Carley, Matt Blacka, Alessio Mariani, Ron Cox, Clive Attwater, Phil Watson
Intermittently Open-Closed Lagoon Entrance Morphodynamics: Infilling, Stability and Climate Change Impacts ...... 14 Bradley D. Morris, Ian L. Turner
Past, Present and Future Evolution of Coastal Lagoons, Westland, New Zealand ...... 21 Claire L. Kain, Deirdre E. Hart
Shoreline Evolution Modelling of the Catherine Point Region, Perth, Western Australia...... 29 Bradley J. Smith, Trent S. Hunt, Joanne Smith
PORT DEVELOPMENT
Assessment and Upgrading of Teluk Ewa Terminal, Malaysia ...... 34 Wesley Wong, Ellinna Siou
Freeport of Riga, Latvia Development of RoPax and Cruise Terminal...... 35 Torsten Retzlaff
Planning and Design for the Oakajee Port Development Project in Western Australia...... 41 Richard Mocke, Bill Carlton, Richard Jupp, Stephen Cork, Sigurður Sigurdarson
Design and Construction Interactions with the Fergusson Terminal Expansion ...... 48 Alistair Kirk, Stephen Priestley, Niksa Sardelic
The Reinstatement of Bandy Creek Boat Harbour, Esperance ...... 57 Rhys Jones, Charlie Bicknell, Karl Ilich
OCEANS AND RESOURCES
Oceanography in the Public Interest: Tales from Raglan...... 65 David Phillips, Shaw Mead, Shawn Harrison, James Frazerhurst, Guillaume Dodet, Chris Klinginger, Jose C. Borrero
Cook Strait: The Nexus in New Zealand’s Coastal Oceanography ...... 72 Craig Stevens, Murray Smith
Observations of Secondary Flow and Upwelling at Cape Saunders, Otago Peninsula ...... 79 Peter Russell, Ross Vennell
Origin of the Grey Carbonate Sands on the Beaches of Owen Anchorage, Western Australia...... 83 Michelle Carey, David Haig, Bruce Hegge
Resource Evaluation, Exploration and Current Prospecting Interests of West Coast Ironsands, North Island, New Zealand ...... 90 Alan Orpin, Helen Bostock, Scott Nodder, Phil Barnes, Geoffroy Lamarche
EVOLVING COASTS MANAGEMENT
Coastal Erosion of the Hawke Bay Coastline from Napier to Cape Kidnappers ...... 97 Richard Reinen-Hamill, Gary Clode, Neil Daykin
Sediment Budget for an Episodic Injection on a High Energy Coast...... 104 Nicola A. Cowie, Terry R. Healy, Peter J. McComb
Establishing Setback Lines for Land-Use Planning: A Risk-Informed Approach...... 111 Rudolf B. Jongejan, Roshanka Ranasinghe
The Potential for Offshore Sand Sources to Offset Climate Change Impacts on Sydney’s Beaches ...... 118 Angus Gordon
STRUCTURES AND ENGINEERING 1
Swanson Dock - Extending Asset Life Beyond Design Life...... 125 A. Aziz, F. Blin, M. Dacre
Woody Point Jetty Reconstruction...... 132 Peter Cummings, David Marshall
DBCT 7X Project Marine Works...... 138 Arne Nilsen
Concrete Degradation in Precast Concrete Piles ...... 145 S.A. Freitag, S.M. Bruce, A. Shayan, R. Slaughter, R. Pearson
Assessment of the Repair and Performance of Concrete Armour on Three Breakwater Heads in NSW...... 152 I. Jayewardene, R. Jacobs, S. Driscoll
MODELLING COASTAL WATERS 1
A Suspended Particulate Matter Transport Model with Satellite Data Assimilation ...... 159 Heinz Günther, Mikhail Dobrynin, Gerhard Gayer
Hydrodynamic and Environmental Modelling in the Vicinity of Scott Reef ...... 164 Morten Rugbjerg, Thomas Uhrenholdt, Paul Van Gastel, Geoff Wake, Samantha Jarvis
Modelling the Initial Formation of Channel Networks ...... 171 B. van Maanen, Giovanni Coco, K.R. Bryan
PartTracker – A Fate Analysis Tool for Marine Particles ...... 178 Ben R. Knight, Remy Zyngfogel, Barrie Forrest
Umuroa FPSO Oil Spill Incident New Zealand, October 2007...... 186 Sasha Zigic, Scott Langtry, Brian King, Marc Zapata
MANAGING HAZARDS AND CHANGE
Evaluating the State of New Zealand’s Coastal Management ...... 192 Scott Bremer, Bruce Glavovic
Auckland Marinas’ Occupation Charges - Tacking Against the Tide!...... 199 Hugh Leersnyder, Ingrid Leersnyder
A Web-Accessed Classification of New Zealand’s Coastal Environment ...... 206 Darcel Rickard, Terry Hume, Doug Ramsay, Ude Shankar, Andy Short, Nathan Hight
Managing and Mitigating Biofouling Risks: Awareness, Policy and Implications...... 211 Andrew Bell, Daniel Kluza, Chris Denny, Liz Jones
Indicator Beaches on the Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand ...... 216 Andrew Wood, Karin R. Bryan, R. Keith Smith, Giovanni Coco, Vernon Pickett
DREDGING 1
Seismic Refraction Surveys as a Tool for Port and Harbour Investigations...... 223 Jim Anderson
Comparison of Seabed Sampling Methods in the Port of Dampier, Western Australia...... 228 Brendon Brodie-Hall, Peter Royce, Mark Davey, Wayne Young
Geraldton Port Enhancement Project – Dredge Performance versus Seismic Velocity in Limestone Material ...... 232 Joel Bailey, Tim Green, Jim Anderson
Prediction of Plume Generation and Movement from Dredging Operations in Port Phillip Bay, Melbourne ...... 237 David G. Provis, Saima Aijaz
Modelling of Dredge Plumes...... 243 Stuart H. Bettington, Kelli E. Miles
OBSERVING AND MEASURING COASTAL WATERS
Understanding Long Wave and Harbour Seiching Processes in Port Kembla Outer Harbour...... 249 Sean J. Garber, Alexander F. Nielsen, P. Doug Treloar
Analysis of Coastal Wave Field Properties by Using Temporal Sequences of Radar Images of the Sea Surface...... 256 Jose C. Nieto-Borge, Francisco B. Cifuentes-Cristobal, Pilar Jarabo-Amores, Konstanze Reichert, Katrin Hessner
Observations of Rip Channels, Sandbar-Shoreline Coupling and Beach Rotation at Tairua Beach, New Zealand...... 262 K.R. Bryan, S.L. Gallop, W.I. van de Lageweg, G. Coco
WaMoS II X-Band Radar Wave Profiles - Examples from Applications ...... 268 Konstanze Reichert, Jens Dannenberg, Henk van den Boom
Measurement of Waves in a Small-Scale Harbour Basin Using Video Monitoring Technology...... 274 Luther Terblanche, Wim van der Molen, Hans Moes, Gavin Hough, Mike Chemaly
STRUCTURES AND ENGINEERING 2
Semaphore Park Offshore Breakwater – Rock Armouring a Sand Filled Geotextile Tube Trial Breakwater...... 280 James Guy
Two-Dimensional Physical Modelling of Sand Filled Geocontainers for Coastal Protection...... 287 Ian Coghlan, James Carley, Ronald Cox, Matthew Blacka, Alessio Mariani, Simon Restall, Warren Hornsey, Simon Sheldrick
Prototype-Scale Laboratory Study of Groundwater Manipulation Within a Gravel Barrier ...... 294 Ian L. Turner, Gerd Masselink, Jon J. Williams, Martin J. Austin
Busselton Jetty: Wave Event Modelling and Structural Analysis ...... 301 Andrew W.M. Pomeroy, Andre Bartels, Shahab E Hosseini
DISCHARGES AND DEPOSITS
Tidal Components of Flow at a Proposed Dredged Material Disposal Site on the Continental Shelf, Northeast New Zealand...... 308 Bryna K. Flaim, Terry R. Healy, Willem de Lange
Restoring Coastal Wetlands: Engineering Nature and Managing Expectations...... 315 William Glamore
Chemical Spill Assessment Carried out for the Derwent River, Tasmania ...... 322 James Donald, Sasha Zigic, Charles Lemckert, Trevor Gilbert, Nathan Benfer
Design of an Ebb Tide Release...... 329 William Glamore, Duncan Rayner, Brett Miller
COASTAL MANAGEMENT 1
Noosa Main Beach Algae Mitigation Trial ...... 336 Bobbie B. Corbett, L. Angus Jackson, Rodger Tomlinson, Michael Hagan, Thomas Schalcher, Stewart Lloyd, Lawrence Hughes
Coastal Structures: Mapping Their Distribution and Determining Their Impact on the Marine Ecosystem ...... 342 Nicole Hancock, Alison MacDiarmid, James Sturman
When the River Stops Running – Maintaining a Flood Dominant Coastal Lagoon...... 349 Sarah A. Jewell, David J. Walker
Implementing Coastal Hazard Zones in Planning Policy: Living with Dynamic Shorelines...... 356 Nathan Baker, Gavin Ide, Richard Reinen-Hamill
PORT MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Geelong Channels – Creating Navigation Aids for the 21st Century ...... 361 Peter McGovern, John Milne
Ship Under-Keel Clearance Monitoring Using RTK GPS ...... 368 Tim P. Gourlay, Wallace G. Cray
Investigation into Bank Effect at Port of Townsville ...... 373 Jonathan T. Duffy, Mitchell L. Pike
Port of Melbourne – DUKC® Implementation...... 379 Giles R. Lesser, Matthew R. Turner, Peter W. O’Brien
The Ship Lift Ltd Dry-Dock System ...... 385 W.R. Hudson
WAVES AND TSUNAMI
A Global Multi-Mission Altimeter Data Base...... 387 I.R. Young, S. Zieger, J. Vinoth
Perth Offshore Wave Climate, Directional and Non-Directional Analysis, 1994 - 2008...... 394 Lucya Roncevich, Fangjun Li, Charlie Bicknell
Observation of Storm-Generated Long Waves on New Zealand's Eastern Seaboard...... 401 Severin Thiebaut, Ross Vennell, Rob Bell
Real-Time Prediction Method of Tsunami by Using Artificial Neural Network...... 407 Hajime Mase, Tomohiro Yasuda, Nobuhito Mori
Tsunami Inundation Modelling using RiCOM ...... 413 E.M. Lane, P.A. Gillibrand, J. Arnold, R.A. Walters
COASTAL MANAGEMENT 2
Management Options for Shoreline Erosion Mitigation on an Inshore Island, Penguin Island, Western Australia ...... 420 Michelle Carey, Bruce Hegge
Jimmys Beach Sand Renourishment Scheme...... 427 Gary Blumberg, David Bortfeld, Indra Jayewardene, Neil Kelleher, Peter Medi, Phil Watson
Beach Renourishment Works within a Marine Park...... 434 Phil Sharpe, Michelle Carey, Tim Green
Lakes Entrance Sand Management Program Overview ...... 442 Michelle S. Jeffrey, Catherine Masters, Andrew Fullard
Oriental Bay Enhancement: A Biodiversity Spinoff for the Wellington CBD...... 449 Dean C. Miller, Ed Breese, Robin Scott, Chris Pevreal
TOOLS FOR MARITIME INDUSTRY 1
Metocean Data-Cube for Port and Coastal Studies ...... 454 Brett Beamsley, David Johnson, Peter McComb, Remy Zyngfogel
The Use of Numerical Modeling in Assisting Port Development – Case Study at Port Hedland ...... 461 Alexis A. Berthot, Philip D. Treloar
Integration of a Cooling Water Outflow in the Rotterdam Harbour Extension ...... 468 Frank Dekker, Arnout C. Bijlsma, Martijn P.C. de Jong, Michiel Boot
WAVES AND MODELLING
The Depth-Limited Wind-Wave Spectrum ...... 475 I.R. Young, A.V. Babanin
Numerical Study of Options to Reduce Swell and Long Wave Penetration at Port Geraldton ...... 482 Peter J. McComb, David L. Johnson, Brett J. Beamsley
Wave Transmission over Low Crested Geotextile Breakwater Structures...... 489 Matthew J. Blacka, James T. Carley, Bobbie B. Corbett, L. Angus Jackson
COASTAL ECOLOGY
The Benthic Ecology of Expanding Mangrove Habitat, Tauranga Harbour, New Zealand ...... 496 Debra Stokes, Terry Healy, Norman Mason
A LOICZ Nutrient Budget of Two Shallow Tidallydominated Estuaries with Contrasting Catchments ...... 504 Hui Woon (Yvonne) Tay, Karin R. Bryan, Conrad A. Pilditch
Observations and Froude Number Calculations from the Taieri River, A Salt Wedge Estuary ...... 511 Cerys Bailey, Ross Vennell
TOOLS FOR MARITIME INDUSTRY 2
Changes in Currents Caused by Ribbon Marine Farms in an Embayment ...... 518 David R. Plew
Assessing Cross-Shore Dynamics for a Cable Landfall ...... 524 Arjen P. Luijendijk , Dirk-Jan Walstra, Cilia Swinkels
Consideration of Vessel Induced Hydrodynamics in Navigation Channel Design...... 531 David Taylor
Highly Accurate Measurement of Small-Scale Ship Motions ...... 538 Wim van der Molen, Gavin Hough
Numerical Modelling of Moored Vessel Motions Caused by Passing Vessels...... 544 Simon B . Mortensen, Craig Alley, Jens Kirkegaard, Robert Hancock
CLIMATE AND SEA LEVEL 1
Urban Heat Islands and Their Influence on Coastal Climates ...... 555 Ross McConnell, Patrick Moody, Daniel Osborne, Nicholas Byrne, David Walker
Impact of Wave Mixing of the Upper Ocean in Climate Modelling ...... 562 Alexander V. Babanin, Brian K. Haus, Andrey Ganopolski, William R.C. Phillips
Canute’s Dilemma-Adapting to the Forces of Nature ...... 569 Angus Gordon
Estimation of Relative Mean Sea Level Rise from Fort Denison Tide Gauge Data ...... 576 Zai-Jin You, Doug Lord, Phil Watson
Predicting Extreme Sea Surface Height and Coastal Inundation from Tides, Surge and Wave Setup...... 582 Philip A. Gillibrand, Emily M. Lane, Roy A. Walters, Alison Kohout, Richard M. Gorman
OBSERVING AND MEASURING COASTS 2
An Empirical Model of Beach Response to Storms – SE Australia...... 589 Mitchell D. Harley, Ian L. Turner, Andrew D. Short, Roshanka Ranasinghe
Field and Video Observations of Morphological Change During a Large-Scale, Multi-Institutional Experiment (ECORS)...... 596 A. Rejas, N. Senechal, S. Capo, J.P. Parisot, J.H.M. MacMahan, K.R. Bryan, G. Coco
Measuring Gravel Transport, at a Prograding and Transgressive Barrier...... 602 John L. White
Sediment Dynamics of Ahuriri Estuary, Napier, New Zealand ...... 609 Tracey M. Eyre, Karin R. Bryan, Malcolm O. Green
Sediment Fallout from Dense Outfall Plumes ...... 616 Tony Webb, William Glamore
STRUCTURES AND ENGINEERING 3
Use of Field Trials to Assess Ground Improvement at the Port of Brisbane ...... 622 Peter J. Boyle, Jay Ameratunga, Cynthia de Bok, Tine Birkemose
A Successful Trial of Vacuum Consolidation at the Port of Brisbane...... 629 Daniel Berthier, Peter Boyle, J. Ameratunga, Cynthia De Bok, Philippe Vincent
Shoreline Response to an Offshore Submerged Multifunction Reef at Mount Maunganui, New Zealand ...... 637 Simon Weppe, Terry Healy, Brad Scarfe, Dirk Immenga
Towards a Dredging Strategy for the Peel-Harvey Estuarine System, Western Australia ...... 644 Kellie Holloway, Charlie Bicknell, Bruce Hegge
WAVE HAZARDS
Surfzone Bathymetric Control on Wave Setup on Beaches ...... 651 Scott A. Stephens, Giovanni Coco, Karin R. Bryan
Predicting Hazardous Conditions on Coastal Rock Platforms ...... 658 Thomas D. Shand, William L. Peirson, Ronald J. Cox, Michael L. Banner
Quantifying the Impact of Wave Overtopping on the Adelaide Foreshore ...... 665 Murray Townsend
Extreme Wave Overtopping of a Vertical Breakwater: A Physical Model and Desktop Investigation...... 670 Alessio Mariani, Matt J. Blacka, James Carley
MODELLING COASTAL WATERS 2
An Examination of the Fixed River Bed Assumption in Hydrodynamic Modelling ...... 676 Hamid Mirfenderesk, Julien Frachisse, Rodger Tomlinson, Bruno Castelle
Bed Shear Stress in Unsteady Flow...... 683 Paul A. Guard, Tom E. Baldock, Peter Nielsen
Assessment of Potential Ship Induced Scour of Cohesive Sediments ...... 690 Christopher Carboon
Maximising Energy Capture by Fixed Orientation Tidal Stream Turbines in Time-Varying Off Axis Current...... 697 Tim Divett, Ross Vennell, Craig Stevens
DREDGING 2
Comparison of Seabed Sampling Methods in the Port of Dampier, Western Australia...... 702 Brendon Brodie-Hall, Peter Royce, Mark Davey, Wayne Young
Development of a Dredge Plume ‘Library’ for Environmental Assessment of Dredging...... 706 Jared Stewart, Peter Cummings, Femme Rounds
Modelling the Marine Environmental Impacts of Dredge Operations in Cockburn Sound, WA...... 713 Nuala Fitzpatrick, Murray Burling, Mark Bailey
SEA LEVEL 2
Application of Extreme Value Analysis in Estimating Extreme Return Value Water Levels in Melbourne ...... 720 Christopher Carboon
Extreme Sea-Level Analysis using an Empirical Simulation Technique...... 726 Derek Goring, Scott Stephens, Rob Bell, Charles Pearson
Probabilistic Modelling of Coastal Recession Due to Sea Level Rise ...... 731 Roshanka Ranasinghe, David Callaghan, Marcel J. F. Stive
MODELLING COASTAL WATERS 3
Dominant Hydrodynamic Processes at Jimmy’s Beach, Port Stephens, Australia: A Numerical Modelling Study...... 738 Angela Wenping Jiang, Craig Allery, Ana Vila Concejo, Peter Cowell, Roshanka Ranasinghe
Laboratory Investigation of an Ebb Tidal Jet...... 746 Claire R. Biggs, Roger Nokes, Ross Vennell
Hydrodynamic Modelling of Whaingaroa Harbour ...... 753 Shawn R. Harrison, Jose C. Borrero, Chris Klinginger, Shaw T. Mead, David J. Phillips
SUPPLEMENTARY PAPERS
Measurements of Net Cross-Shore Sediment Flux at the Timescale of Individual Swashes ...... 759 Chris E. Blenkinsopp, Ian L. Turner, Gerd Masselink, Paul R. Russell
The Sensitivity of Sand Barriers to the Effects of Sea Level Rise...... 768 Helen M. Tribe, David M. Kennedy
Channel and Port Simulation Studies for the Albany Port Expansion Project ...... 776 Richard Mocke, Nick Lowe, Robert Lowe, Simon Fretton
Optimal Selection of Sediment Disposal Sites in Open Coast Locations...... 782 Scott Langtry, Matt Rayson, Oleg Makarynskyy, Marc Zapata
Author Index