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Translation 2949 FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA ,-g pc,), ves Translation Series No. 2949 Studies on air-bladder Cocgidia of Gadus species (Eimeria gadi n. sp.) by J. Fiebiger Original title: Studien ueber die Schwimmblasencoccidien der Gadusarten (Eimeria gadi n. sp.) From: .Archiv fuer Protistenkunde ('Archives of Protistology' .31 : 95-137, 1913 Translated-by the Translation Bureau(m)'' Nultilineal Services Division .Department of the Secretary of State of Canada Department of the Environment Fisheries and Marine Service Halifax Laboratory Halifax, N.S.. 1974 72 Pages typescript DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION DES SERVICES CANADA DIVISION MULTILINGUES F.e.ge_9 2/9 TRANSLATED FROM - TRADUCTION DE INTO - EN Germa.n English AUTHOR - AUTEUR J. FIEBIGER TITLE IN ENGLISH - TITRE ANGLAIS Studies on air-bladder Coccidia of Gadub species (Eimeria gadi n. sp.) TITLE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS) TITRE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÈRE (TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÉRES ROMAINS) Studien ueber die Schwimmblasencoccidien der Gadusarten (Eimeria gadi n.sp.) REFERENCE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION) IN FULL. TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS. RÉFÉRENCE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÉRE (NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION), ALI COMPLET, TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÉRES ROMAINS. Archiv fuer Protistenkunde REFERENCE IN ENGLISH - RÉFÉRENCE EN ANGLAIS ('Archives of Protistology t ) PAGE NUMBERS IN ORIGINAL PUBLISHER - ÉDITEUR DATE OF PUBLICATION NUMÉROS DES PAGES DANS DATE DE PUBLICATION L'ORIGINAL not shown 95 — 137 YEAR ISSUE NO. VOLUME NUMÉRO PLACE OF PUBLICATION ANNÉE NUMBER OF TYPED PAGES LIEU DE PUBLICATION NOMBRE DE PAGES DACTYLOGRAPHIÉES not shown 1913 31 72 NO. REQUESTING• - • - DEPARTMENT"" Environmentu TRANSLATION BUREAU 165370 MNISTERE-CLIENT NOTRE DOSSIER NO BRANCH OR DIVISION Fisheries Servies TRANSLATOR (INITIA LS) V.N.N. DIRECTION OU DIVISION TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES) • PERSON REQUESTING Dr. P.H. Odense, Halifax Laboratory FEB 2 7 19 74 DEMANDÉ PAR UNEDITED DRAFT TRANSLATION YOUR NUMBER or in■ortnation VOTRE DOSSIER N 0 OrtIy TRADUCTION NON REVISÉE DATEOFREQUEST 7. 12. 73 Informa:lon soulernent DATE DE LA DEMANDE Pasted.in pho:.oces !:.revicled by 505.200.10.8 (REV. 2/(58) courtesy of freelance translator 7030-21-029-5333 .••■•■■•ell. DEPARTMENTOFTHESECRETAROFSTATE SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION DES SERVICES DIVISION MULTILINGUES CLIENTS NO. DEPARTMENT DIVISION/BRANCH CITY N° DU CLIENT MINISTÉRE DIVISION/DIRECTION VILLE Environment Fisheries Services Halifax, N.S. BUREAU NO. LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) N ° DU BUREAU LANGUE TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES) 165370 German V.N.Y. FEB 2 7 1974 "Studien ueber die Schwimmblasencoccidien der Gadusarten (Eimeria gadi n.sp.)," Archly fuer Protistenkunde 31, 95 - 137, 1913 Studies on air-bladder Coccidia ••• of Gadus species (Eimeria gadi n. sA.) by J. FIEDIGER From the Institute of Fish Pathology, Vienna. Veterinary University, Vienna, Austria (With Table 10 and nine Figures in the text) Introduction . Our knowledge of the Coccidia is based chiefly on three species, viz. Eimeria schubergi, E. stiedae and Cyclospbra caryolytica. These species have been studied so thoroughly and--mith respect to their biologies and, in part, also with respect to their morphologies—exhibit so many coinciding features that we regard their properties as those of the Coccidia in general and tend a priori to regard considerable deviations from the known pattern as personal errors in observation. UNEDITED DRAFT TRANSLATION Orey for information TRADUCTION NON REVISÉE Pasted-in pheocapies provided by Information seulement SOS-200-10-31 courtesy of freelance translator ■■••••/...,.■•■••••• 7530-21-029-S332 3 We should, however, not forget that life patterns must undergo modi- • fications once -new features enter into them. The three afOrementioned species, now, are parasites of terrestrial animals. For that reason, these particular coccidians are exposed to the direct influence of the atmosphere during the most important stage of their life cycle, which takes place outside of the'host animal, viz. spore develop- ment. In the case of aquatic animals, on the other hand, the parasitic cocci- dians get into either fresh or marine water once they leave the host animal,. .Since a certain influence has been ascribed to atmospheric oxygen in parti- • 96'. cular during the afore-mentioned stage of development, we are forced to regard differences of that type as being profound in character already for that reason, apart from the purely physical influences exerted by the water. The species under consideration in the present paper, which I, with a few interruptions, have been studying for several years, in fact does exhibit several significant deviations from the known life pattern of the Coccidia, and this, in particular, with regard to biological Characteristics. The three species mentioned further above could be subjected to such detailed investigations because they are relatively readily accessible to experimontal research. This type of ready accessibility is not given in the case of the present species--a parasite of ocean fishes--and this, in 'parti- cular, not for a worker doing his research at an inland institute. Procurement of truly fresh or well preserved material involves great difficulties, and observation of the living parasite is entirely excluded under the latter conditions. - 4 - The present study, thus, could not provide a complete picture of the life cycle of this parasite; and I was forced to fall back to make conclusions from analogy and propose hypotheses. Despite the fact that 19 for the reasons just mentioned, cannot consider the investigation of this parasite as being completed, I have decided to publish the-results so far obtained in my in- vestigations, first, because I have been able to make several observations worthy of note and, secondly,.because there is practically no hope at all that . we, in the foreseeable future, may have available either new methods or better material. In 1906, I undertook a voyage into the Icelandic waters on board a . fish- ing trawler belonging to the Nordsee Fishing Company (Dampffischereigesellschaft "Nordsee"). lithe course of the gutting of the fishes caught in abundant num- bers, I was able to collect a number of objects of interest from the points of view of both parasitology and pathology, and this, in particular, in the case of Gadus species. Amnng others, I observed rather frequently the presence • of a yellow, creamy mass in the air-bladders of fish, which mass reminded me of thickened:pus. Only after my return, I discovered under the microscope that this mass to the greater part consisted of coccidian spores. On reviewing the pertinent literature, I found a paper published by J. Mueller in 1842, which contains a description of a similar finding in the air-bladder of Gadus callarias G. morhua; Transi.], parts of which I will quote verbatim. J. Mueller described . the mass found inside the air-bladder as "yellow matter," which frequently filled the rather large bladder,completely, adhering to the swollen inner surface of that structure. This material consisted -5 largely of capsules, which were arranged together in groups of three or four, with each capsule consisting of two halves (naviculae), which, in part, had • 97 already separated in the manner of the two halves of a pod. Between the two halves,.Mueller saw a little knob-like structure exhibiting vesicles; this little structure partly filled the cavities of the pod-like shells. "The little bodies (the spore capsules) are released, their contents undergo de- • velopment, and the bodies then divide in the longitudinal direction. For a short period of time, the two halves remain connected through their contents in contact across their center portions; finally, the halves separate com- pletely and the contents are released, perhaps, to form the base for a new developmental cycle." The infested fishes showed also other signs of being diseased viz. their tail parts were emaciated. The fishermen well realized the connection existing between the air-bladder infestation and the afore- mentioned changes in the external appearance of the fishes, and they regarded specimens of that type as being not fit for human consumption. J. MUeller classified these structures among the "psorosperms," which term he had used several years earlier in connection with the protozoans oc- curring inside small tubules and nodules in the skin, the gills, the muscles and the urinary bladder of [certain.] fishes and frogs. Since the structures just mentioned, no doubt, represent myxosporidian nodules, the view appears to have evolved among workers that these air-bladder parasites must also have been Myxosporidia. That, at least, appears to be indicated in the his- torical review presented by Buetschli in Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungèn [Classes and Orders]. 4r 6-. At the present time, all we have to do is to take one look at the plate presented by J. MUeller in his paper in order to realize that we are dealing here With characteristic coccidian tetraspores. In any case, it must surprise that this(coccidianjparasiticl, in such a massive and relatively freuent manner, in an organism readily available could have avoided being subjected to investigation, and this despite the fact that the Coccidia have become a favorite subject of research these past fifteen years. The fact that workers were concerned
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