Tsunami Emergency Assistance (Sector) Project

Resettlement Planning Document

Short Resettlement Plan – Kodiyampalayam Bridge Document Stage: Final Project Number: 39114 March 2007

INDIA: Tsunami Emergency Assistance (Sector) Project

Prepared by Public Works Department, Government of Kerala for the Asian Development Bank (ADB)

The short resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

INDIA: TSUNAMI EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE PROJECT (TAMIL NADU)

SHORT RESETTLMENT PLAN for Kodiyampalayam Bridge

Prepared by

HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT Government of Tamil Nadu India

March 2007 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge

Contents

List of Abbreviations ...... 3

Executive Summary of the Short Resettlement Plan ...... 4

Section A. Description of the Project ...... 8

Section B. Definitions and Terminologies ...... 9

Section C. Scope of Land acquisition and Resettlement...... 11

Section Section D. Objectives of the Short Resettlement Plan ...... 13

Section E. Socioeconomic Profile of the Affected Household ...... 14

Section F. Gender Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 19

Section G. Resettlement Principles and Policy Framework ...... 19

Section H. Stakeholder Participation and Disclosure of RP ...... 24

Section I. Istitutional Responsibility ...... 25

Section J. Implementation Arrangements ...... 27

Section K. Grievance Redressal ...... 28

Section L. Compensation and Livelihood Restoration ...... 28

Section M. Budget...... 29

Section N. Implementation Schedule...... 31

Section O. Monitoring & Evaluation ...... 31

Appendices

I. Summary of Affected Persons ...... 33

II. Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan...... 35

III. TOR for NGO / Agency...... 37

IV. TOR for an External Monitoring & Evaluation Consultant/Agency ...... 42

V. Livelihood Support Programme...... 45

VI. List of Participants in Consultation ...... 49

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List of Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank AH Affected Household AP Affected Person BPL Below Poverty Line EA Executing Agency GoTN Government of Tamil Nadu GRC Grievance Redressal Committee HLB High Level Bridge IA Implementing Agency IAY Indira Awaas Yojana IR Involuntary Resettlement IRC Indian Road congress IRP Involuntary Resettlement Policy LA Land Acquisition LVAC Land Value Assessment Committee NGO Non Governmental Organization NPRR National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation PMU Project Management Unit RADMMD Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation Department RF Resettlement Framework (Tamil Nadu) RoW Right of Way RP Resettlement Plan SC Scheduled Caste SHGs Self Help Groups ST Scheduled Tribe TEAP Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project WHH Women Headed Household

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Executive Summary of the Short Resettlement Plan

A. Description of the Project Government of Tamil Nadu has proposed to construct 5 high level bridges (HLB) under the Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project (TEAP) funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Kodiyampalayam HLB is one among the 5 HLBs and is being proposed across ‘Uppanar’ between Kaattur Village and Kodiyampalayam Island Village.

In line with ADBs operational manual on involuntary resettlement and resettlement framework for TEAP, the Highways Department of Government of Tamil Nadu (GoTN), the Implementing Agency (IA), has prepared this Short Resettlement Plan (RP). This short RP identifies the broad scope of the project and outlines the policy, procedures for acquisition of land, magnitude of impact, compensation and other support measures for affected persons and institutional requirements for the implementation.

B. Scope of Land Acquisition & Impacts The project involves the construction of a high level bridge across Uppanar river connecting the eastern side Kodiyampalayam island village with the western side main land, Kaattur village. The construction of the bridge does not involve any land acquisition as it is being built across the Uppanar and the land for approaches proposed with embankment will also not involve any land acquisition as it is ‘river poramboke’.

The project also involves strengthening the approach roads on both sides. While the strengthening of the approach road on the western side is along the existing road and does not involve any land acquisition, 445 metres of the approach road on the eastern side will involve land acquisition.

The census survey undertaken during the 2nd week of August 2006 has identified 15 families as project affected families involving 69 persons (project affected persons). Further, the project causes indirect impact to 4 families operating ferry service (5 boats i.e two boats operated by members of same family) involving 20 persons and the boats employ 29 persons on daily wages for loading and unloading. Therefore, this project will be categorized as Category-B as the involuntary resettlement impact is ‘not significant’1. The summary of project affected families is given vide Appendix-I. The magnitude of impact is given in the following table.

1 “Not significant” means less than 200 people will be (i) physically displaced from housing, or (ii) losing 10% or more of their productive assets (income generating).

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Magnitude of Impact Details of Affected Population Type of Loss Details of Affected Asset No. of No. of Affected Affected Households Persons (HH) (APs) These households comprise of those losing their agricultural land. 13 HH losing agricultural land are losing more than 10% of their total 1. Agricultural land holding and 15 69 land 2 HH losing agricultural land are losing less than 10% of their total land holding - Entire land being acquired is dry land. These households comprise of those losing their income from the boat ferry service operation. 3 HH operating ferryboat service losing their income (includes the boat operated by wife of a boat 2. Indirect impact 4 20 operator) 1 HH operating ferryboat service losing their income (operated by a woman) Loss of wages for 29 persons working as load man in the boats Total 19 89 Source: Census Survey, August 2006

C. Objectives of the Short Resettlement Plan This Short Resettlement Plan is prepared in accordance with ADBs policy on involuntary resettlement that aims at (i) avoiding involuntary resettlement wherever feasible; (ii) minimizing resettlement where population displacement is unavoidable by choosing alternative viable project options; and (iii) where involuntary resettlement is unavoidable, to ensure that affected people receive assistance, preferably under the project, so that they will be at least as well off as they would have been in the absence of the project.

D. Gender Impacts & Mitigative Measures The women will directly benefit by the proposed bridge as it would provide them easy approach to the main land from their homes. It will also benefit school going female children who can avoid the unsafe boat ride and in case of emergency this bridge will provide easy access to health care. During Tsunami, majority of the dead were women and children who were caught in the tidal waves and to these vulnerable category this bridge will be a boon. However, the construction of the bridge will have indirect impact on 1 Woman Headed Household (WHH). There will be loss of income to the 4 member family due to the construction of the bridge, as the woman boat operator will lose her income

5 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge from boat operated by her for ferrying men and material. This AP will be adequately supported in this RP so as to restore her earlier standard of living.

E. Resettlement Principles and Policy Framework The resettlement principles adopted for this subproject recognize the Land Acquisition (LA) Act 1894 and the entitlement benefits as listed in the National Policy on R&R, (Govt of India) as notified in February 2004 and the relevant Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) policies and operations manuals, in particular the policy on Involuntary Resettlement (1995), and Operations Manual F2 on involuntary Resettlement (2003), and agreed Resettlement Framework.

The RP is based on the general findings of the census survey, field visits, and meetings with various project-affected persons in the project area. The Entitlement Matrix for TEAP projects in Tamil Nadu provides for compensation and resettlement assistance to all affected persons including the non-titleholders in the project area. In general terms, the people affected by the Project will be entitled to the following types of compensation and assistance - (i) Compensation for loss of land and crops/trees at replacement value; (ii) assistance for restoration of income and livelihoods and (iii) additional assistance to vulnerable groups namely - Female-headed households, Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), those below poverty line, elderly and disabled. A detailed Entitlement Matrix for the project is provided in Table 18 in the main text.

F. Stakeholder Participation and Disclosure of RP A public consultation was held on 12.08.2006 to seek the views and preferences of the community with regard to the project and as well as their suggestions for successful implementation of the project. The Resettlement Plan (RP) will be translated into Tamil and will be made available to the affected people by the Implementing Agency (IA), the Highways Department, for review and comments on the policy and mitigation measures by means of project-level disclosure workshops prior to loan negotiation. Copies of short RP will also be made available at the local level public office, Sirkazhi Taluk office, to stakeholders for local inputs prior to award of civil work contract. The proceedings of the disclosure workshop and the feedback received will be sent to ADB for review.

G. Implementation Arrangement, Schedule & Grievance Redressal The Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation Department (RADMMD) at the state-level will be the EA of the project, while the Highways Department will be responsible for the implementation of the RP. Highways Department, the implementing agency, will engage a qualified social/resettlement specialist to assist it in the implementation of the RP. The project director of PMU will recruit and appoint a local NGO to help implement resettlement activities. The highways department will assign the task of implementation to the concerned Divisional Engineer who will be supported by one Assistant Engineer.

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A Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) will be established in Nagapattinam district, with representation from RADMMD, concerned DE of Highways, 2 members from the people affected of which at least one is a women or from vulnerable group, Kodiyampalayam Panchayat President, and the NGO representative and will be chaired by the District Revenue Officer of Nagapattinam.

The PMU will ensure resettlement budgets are delivered on time to the competent authority and the implementing NGOs for timely RP implementation. The PMU will ensure that affected persons will receive compensation and other entitlements before civil work contracts are awarded.

H. Budget The total estimated cost for resettlement implementation including cost of compensation and assistance as per the Resettlement Framework (Tamil Nadu) under TEAP is Rs.1,152,322/-.

I. Monitoring & Evaluation RADMMD will establish a monthly monitoring system and prepare monthly progress reports on all aspects of land acquisition and resettlement activities. The report will contain progress made in RP implementation with particular attention to monitoring and the delivery of entitlements. The deputed official in charge of land acquisition and resettlement in the PMU with assistance from the social development and resettlement specialist, through the Highways Department and NGOs will monitor the progress of land acquisition and resettlement and also prepare biannual reports, forwarding them to ADB for review. An independent agency/monitoring expert will be engaged by the PMU in agreement with ADB to undertake biannual external monitoring of the subproject implementation.

7 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge

Short Resettlement Plan

A. Description of the Project 1. Government of Tamil Nadu has proposed to construct 5 high level bridges (HLBs) under the Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project (TEAP) funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Kodiyampalayam HLB is one among the 5 HLBs and is being proposed across Uppanar river between Kaattur Village and Kodiyampalayam Island Village.

2. The Project will involve the construction of a high level bridge and strengthening of the existing approach roads in accordance with the IRC standards.

3. In line with the ADBs sector assistance project for Tamil Nadu under the Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project, construction and rehabilitation works are being carried out as far as possible within the original right-of-way. However, improvements to the approach roads on eastern side to the HLB at Kodiyampalayam village will involve minimal land acquisition. The various components proposed for the HLB is given in Table 1.

Table 1. Project Components

Component Description Requirement of Land No land acquisition The bridge is 140m long and 8.5 m involved as it is 1. Bridge wide from outer to outer of crash being built across barrier. the river. Western side 290m long approach Existing road and no 2. Approach road road. land acquisition involved. Eastern side 445m long approach Formation of road road. involving acquisition of land.

4. The village Kodiyampalayam has no road approach and the people of this village use boats to reach the main land. The island village is just 200 metres away from the Bay of Bengal and in the event of an emergency like tsunami, cyclone or storm, the administration becomes helpless and finds it extremely difficult to reach to the people. This bridge will provide the people of Kodiyampalayam comfortable and safe access to the main land. The bridge will not only serve as an emergency escape route, it will also improve the standard of living of the island villagers. Further, the bridge will provide easy and safe access to the people and traders from the mainland villages who currently depend on

8 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge ferry services to reach Kodoyampalayam. However, the census survey undertaken during project preparation stage reveals that there will be involuntary resettlement.

5. In line with ADBs operational manual on involuntary resettlement and resettlement framework for TEAP, the Highways Department of Government of Tamil Nadu (GoTN), the Implementing Agency (IA), has prepared this Short Resettlement Plan (RP). This short RP identifies the broad scope of the project and outlines the policy, procedures for acquisition of land, magnitude of impact, compensation and other support measures for affected persons and institutional requirements for the implementation.

6. The Project Management Unit (PMU), Disaster Management and Mitigation Department, Revenue Administration of GoTN would be responsible for ensuring compliance of this short RP. The highways department of GoTN will be the implementing agency of the HLB and will have the primary responsibility for RP implementation.

B. Definitions and Terminologies 7. The definitions of key terminologies or concepts used in this resettlement plan are as follows. Affected Person includes any people, households, firms, or private institutions who, on account of changes that result from the project will have their (i) standard of living adversely affected; (ii) right, title, or interest in any house, land (including residential, commercial, agricultural, forest, and/or grazing land), water resources, or any other moveable or fixed assets acquired, possessed, restricted, or otherwise adversely affected, in full or in part, permanently or temporarily; and/or (iii) business, occupation, place of work or residence, or habitat adversely affected, with or without displacement. Compensation means compensation paid for the property under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 or through private negotiation vide GoTN government order Ms.No.885, Revenue dated 21.9.1995. Encroacher is any person(s) illegally occupying public property by extending their land boundary or a portion of their building onto the RoW. Entitled Persons means the male 21 years and female 18 years having entitlement for compensation and rehabilitation assistance. Involuntary resettlement addresses social and economic impacts that are permanent or temporary and are (i) caused by acquisition of land and other

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fixed assets, (ii) by change in the use of land, or (iii) restrictions imposed on land as a result of an ADB operation. Land Acquisition means the process through which land and properties are acquired for the purpose of project construction. Major impacts are defined as involving affected people being physically displaced from housing and/or having 10% or more of their productive, income generating assets lost. Owners are persons who have legal title to structures, land or other assets. These property owners are entitled to compensation under the Land Acquisition Act of 1894. Project Affected Family/Household means a family consisting of father, mother, children living together with common kitchen and are affected by the project, irrespective of their legal status resulting in loss of homestead, other assets, sources of income / livelihood, common assets and cultural properties. Rehabilitation means the measures provided under the resettlement plan other than payment of the compensation of acquired property. Replacement cost means the method of valuing assets to replace the loss at market value, or its nearest equivalent, plus any transaction costs such as administrative charges, taxes, registration, and titling costs. Where national law does not meet this standard the replacement cost will be supplemented as necessary. Replacement cost is based on market value before the project or dispossession, whichever is higher. In the absence of functioning markets, a compensation structure is required that enables affected people to restore their livelihoods to levels at least equivalent to those maintained at the time of dispossession, displacement, or restricted access. Resettlement means all the measures taken to mitigate all or any adverse impacts of the project on the APs property and/or livelihoods including compensation, relocation (where relevant), and rehabilitation. Squatter is any person occupying structures entirely within the ROW (with no legal rights to occupy that parcel of land) for residential or business purposes. Tenant is any person by whom or on whose account rent is payable for any property. Vulnerable people are the poorest affected people and groups that may be at high risk of impoverishment. This may include those without legal title to land or other assets, households headed by females, the elderly or disabled and other vulnerable groups, particularly indigenous peoples.

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C. Scope of Land acquisition and Resettlement 8. The project involves the construction of a high level bridge across Uppanar connecting the eastern side Kodiyampalayam island village with the western side main land, Kaattur village. The construction of the bridge portion does not involve any land acquisition as it is being built across the Uppanar and the land for approaches proposed with embankment in Kaattar village will also not involve any land acquisition as it is ‘river poramboke’.

9. The project also involves strengthening the approach roads on both sides. While formation of the approach road on the western side is along the existing road and does not involve any land acquisition, 445 metres of the approach road on the eastern side in Kodiyampalayam village will involve land acquisition.

10. In line with ADBs principles of involuntary resettlement planning, the project avoided involuntary resettlement wherever possible by constructing approach road along the existing available space. However, the project will require 0.44.30 hectare of private land for formation of 445 metres of approach road. This will cause minor2 impact to the livelihood of 2 landowners; major3 impact to 13 landowners; and indirect impact to 5 ferry service operators (belonging to 4 households) and 29 daily wage earners.

11. The census survey undertaken during the 2nd week of August 2006 has identified 15 families as project affected families involving 69 persons (project affected persons). Further, the project causes indirect impact to 4 families operating ferry service involving 20 persons and the boats employ 29 persons on daily wages for loading and unloading. Therefore, this project will be categorized as Category-B as the involuntary resettlement impact is ‘not significant’4. The summary of project affected families is given vide Appendix-I. The magnitude of impact is given in Table 2.

12. The ferry service operators transport local population and goods to the island village Kodiyampalayam. One among the operators’ is a woman who mainly transports people and sometimes transports goods. Of the 5 boats, members of one family – a husband and wife duo – operate 2 boats and the other 3 boats are operated by different families. Amongst these 3 boats, 2 are operated by men and 1 is operated by a woman (WHH). Since two boats are operated by

2 Losing less than 10% of their productive assets (income generating). 3 Losing more than 10% of their productive assets (income generation). 4 “Not significant” means less than 200 people will be (i) physically displaced from housing, or (ii) losing 10% or more of their productive assets (income generating).

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members of the same family (husband and wife), though there are 5 boats in operation only 4 families are affected. One among these 4 families is a Woman Headed Household (WHH).

Table 2. Magnitude of Impact Details of Affected Population Type of Loss Details of Affected Asset No. of No. of Affected Affected Households Persons (HH) (APs) These households comprise of those losing their agricultural land. 13 HH losing agricultural land are losing 1. Agricultural more than 10% of their total land holding 15 69 land and 2 HH losing agricultural land are losing less than 10% of their total land holding - Entire land being acquired is dry land. These households comprise of those losing their income from ferry service operation. 3 HH operating ferryboat service losing their income (includes the boat operated 2. Indirect by wife of a boat operator) 4 20 impact 1 HH operating ferryboat service losing their income (operated by a woman - WHH) Loss of wages for 29 persons working as load man in the boats Total 19 89 Source: Census Survey, August 2006

13. The 15 households losing portion from their agricultural land parcels are not getting any income from the land. The main source of income is from fishing and for some income is through non-farm wages. The land being acquired is dry land and the extent of land lost to their total land holding is less than 10 percent for 2 households and more than 10 percent for 13 households. The percentage of land lost to the total land holding is given in Table 3.

Table 3. Percentage of Land Lost Extent of Land Frequency Percentage Lost Less than 2% 1 06.7

2% and ≤10% 1 06.7

>10% and ≤20% 2 13.3

Above 20% 11 73.3

Total 15 100.0 Source: Census Survey, August 2006

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14. There is no loss of income to the 15 households on account of proposed land acquisition. However, the 4 households operating ferry service will lose their entire source of income as an indirect impact of the project.

Table 4. Loss of Income due to Project Number of Total number of Type of Impact households households losing income Direct Impact 15 0

Indirect Impact 4 4

Total 19 4 Source: Census Survey, August 2006

15. The total land required for the project is 1.68.50 hectare of which 0.44.30 hectare of land is private land belonging to 15 households. The various components that require land, classification of land and the number of households getting affected is given in Table 5.

Table 5. Details of Land Loss Classification Project Total Land No. of Components requirement Govt. Private Present Use affected HH River and 1. Bridge 0.11.90 0.11.90 - river - poramboke 2. Approach road on the 0.96.41 0.52.11 0.44.30 Dry land 15 eastern side

3. Approach Existing PWD road on the 0.60.19 0.60.19 - - road for traffic western side

Total 1.68.50 1.24.20 0.44.30 - 15

Source: Census Survey, August 2006

D. Objectives of the Short Resettlement Plan 16. This Short Resettlement Plan is prepared in accordance with ADBs policy on involuntary resettlement that aims at (i) avoiding involuntary resettlement wherever feasible; (ii) minimizing resettlement where population displacement is unavoidable by choosing alternative viable project options; and (iii) where involuntary resettlement is unavoidable, to ensure that affected people receive

13 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge assistance, preferably under the project, so that they will be at least as well off as they would have been in the absence of the project.

17. This short RP briefly describes the findings of the census survey, identifies the nature and types of losses, provides for payment of compensation and resettlement benefits as per the entitlement matrix developed for TEAP and the institutional arrangement for implementation.

E. Socioeconomic Profile of the Affected Household 18. The census survey identified 15 households as directly affected households comprising of 69 persons and 4 households as indirectly affected households comprising of 20 persons. Of the 19 households, one household is headed by a woman. The male-female profile amongst the affected household (AHs) is given in Table 6.

Table 6. Head of Household (HH) by Sex Head of Household Sex Frequency Percentage Male 18 94.7 Female 1 05.3 Total 19 100.0 Source: Census Survey, August 2006

19. The male- female profile amongst all members of the project-affected household is given in the following table. The male outnumber the female and is in the ratio of 6:4 Table 7. APs by Sex All Members (APs) Sex Frequency Percentage Male 53 59.6 Female 36 40.4 Total 89 100.0 Source: Census Survey, August 2006

20. The above 60 age group comprise of about 2 percent. Thirty six percent are below 18 years.

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Table 8. Age group of APs

Age Frequency Percentage classification Upto 5 4 4.5 6 – 17 28 31.5 18 – 24 19 21.3 25 – 40 17 19.1 41 – 60 19 21.3 > 60 2 2.3

Total 89 100.0

21. Thirty two percent of the affected households have a small family of size four or less. The average size of a family is 4.7.

Table 9. Size of household Size of Frequency Percentage household 1 – 3 5 26.3 4 1 5.3 5 8 42.1 6 – 7 5 26.3 Average Size is 4.7

22. All the affected households are Hindus.

Table 10. Affected household by Religion Religion Frequency Percentage Hindu 19 100.0 Muslim - - Christian - - Total 19 100.0

23. Eighty four percent of the affected household belong to the most backward class. There is 5 percent belonging to scheduled caste (1 AH) who would come under the vulnerable category.

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Table 11. Afected household by Social Group Community Frequency Percentage FC - - BC 2 10.5 MBC 16 84.2 SC 1 5.3 Total 19 100.0

24. The literacy level amongst male is 72 percent and amongst women is only 56 percent. The literacy level of both male and female is lower compared to the state average (82%). The level of educational attainment is given in Table 13.

Table 12. Literacy by Sex of APs (> 6 age group) Male Female Literacy Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Can read and write 34 72.3 20 55.6 Cannot read and write 13 27.7 16 44.4 Total 47 100.0 36 100.0

Table 13. Education level by Sex of APs Male Female Education Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Below primary 11 21.6 6 15.8 Primary 8 15.7 4 10.5 Upper primary 13 25.5 10 26.3 High school 4 7.8 2 5.3 Higher secondary 1 2.0 - - Graduate 1 2.0 - - Post graduate - - - - Technical education 2 3.9 - - None 7 13.7 14 36.8 Children (<= 6 yrs) 4 7.8 2 5.3 Total 51 100.0 38 100.0

25. The primary occupation of 79 percent of the head of household is fishing and ferry operation. The one head of households who is not in workforce is an aged person.

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Table 14. Occupation of Head of Household Head of HH All members (APs) Main Activity Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Cultivation - - 2 02.3 Casual labour 2 10.5 4 04.5 Salaried 1 05.3 1 01.1 Household shop - - - - Business - - 1 01.1 Other workforce 15 78.9 25 28.1 Unemployed - - - - Not in workforce 1 05.3 56 62.9 Total 19 100.0 89 100.0

Source: Census Survey, August 2006

26. About 20 percent of the APs are below poverty line. Income of about 10 percent is less than Rs.1000/- per month.

Table 15. Income of AHs

Income Range Frequency Percentage (per annum) 1 - 12000 2 10.5 12001 – 18000 2 10.5 18001 – 24000 4 21.1 24001 – 36000 7 36.8 Above 36000 3 15.8 Dependant 1 05.3 Total 19 100.0 Source: Census Survey, August 2006

27. The average income of the employees is Rs.3000/- per month. There is one employee who is 18 years old, but is a family member of the boat owner. Thirty eight percent are in the 19 to 24 age group, 31 percent in the 25 to 40 age group and the rest (28%) in 41 to 60 age group. The average number of dependants on the salary drawn by these employees is 4.7.

28. Among the project affected households, in 74 percent of the household only men are involved in income earning activities and the head is invariably the principle earner for the family. One household (boat operator) has a woman as

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the principal bread earner. In 16 percent of the household both men and women are involved in income earning activities.

Table 16. Primary income earner in the AHs

Primary Income Frequency Percentage Earner Men alone 14 73.7 Women alone 1 05.3 Both Men and Women 3 15.7 Dependant 1 05.3 Total 19 100.0 Source: Census Survey, August 2006

29. The census survey also aimed at identifying socially and economically vulnerable5 groups amongst those affected households who would require additional assistance. Seven households (vulnerable) will require additional support under ADBs livelihood programme6 assistance.

Table 17. Income of Vulnerable AHs Elderly / WHH BPL SC Disabled

Income Range (per annum) Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage

1- 12000 - - 2 50.0 - - - - 12001 – 18000 - - 2 50.0 - - - - 18001 – 24000 ------24001 – 36000 ------Above 36000 1 100.0 - - 1 100.0 - - Dependant ------1 100.0 Total 1 100.0 4 100.0 1 100.0 1 100.0 Source: Census Survey, August 2006

30. If there is any change in the alignment or in the design prior to award of civil works contract or during implementation, the RP will be accordingly updated

5 (a) those who are below the poverty line (BPL); (b) those who belong to scheduled castes (SC), scheduled tribes (ST); (c) women-headed households (WHHs); (d) elderly and (e) disabled persons. 6 The ADB is financing ‘The Livelihood Restoration’ programme of GoTN under Tsunami (details of the programme is provided in Appendix-IV)

18 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge and the revised RP will be submitted to ADB by the Highways Department. The final RP will be submitted to ADB prior to award of civil works contract.

F. Gender Impacts and Mitigation Measures 31. The sex ratio of 9877 in Tamil Nadu is higher than the all-India figure of 933 and the juvenile sex ratio is 942 compared to all-India figure of 927. Though the sex ratio in Tamil Nadu is better than the national figure, considering the relative disadvantage of the women in the society, the census survey captured the current status of women and their socio-economic profile.

32. The women will directly benefit by the proposed bridge as it would provide them easy approach to the main land from their homes. It will also benefit school going female children who can avoid the unsafe boat ride and in case of emergency this bridge will provide easy access to health care. During Tsunami, majority of the dead were women and children who were caught in the tidal waves and to these vulnerable category this bridge will be a boon.

33. However, the construction of the bridge will have indirect impact on 1 Woman Headed Household (WHH). There will be loss of income to the 4 member family due to the bridge as the woman who operates the boat will lose her income from the boat occupation after the construction. This AP will be adequately supported in this RP so as to restore her earlier standard of living.

G. Resettlement Principles and Policy Framework 34. The National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation (NPRR) provides broad guidelines and executive instructions and will be applicable to projects displacing 500 families or more in flat lands and 250 families or more in hilly areas. The NPRR requires projects to (i) minimize displacement and identify non- displacing or least-displacing alternatives; (ii) plan the resettlement and rehabilitation of project-affected families including special needs of tribal and vulnerable sections; (iii) provide a better standard of living to project-affected families; and (iv) facilitate harmonious relationships between the requiring body and project-affected families through mutual cooperation.

35. While the NPRR recognizes most of the significant resettlement principles in the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) Involuntary Resettlement Policy (IRP), the NPRR does not meet some of the IRP’s safeguards. First, the NPRR’s threshold of applicability is limited to land acquisitions for highways, railway lines,

7 Source: Census of India, 2001

19 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge transmission lines, and pipelines. Second, each project-affected family will be offered an ex-gratia payment of Rs10,000/- and no other resettlement and rehabilitation benefits. Third, replacement value is not clearly defined and is not taken into account in calculating lump-sum compensation. Fourth, no specific entitlements are available for squatters and encroachers.

36. The Land Acquisition Act 1894 and its amendments to date generally govern land acquisition and compensation in Tamil Nadu. The Act covers only legal titleholders and provides for (i) market value of the land; (ii) compensation of 30% on the market value for compulsory acquisition; (iii) an additional amount for trees, crops, houses, or other immovable properties; (iv) damage due to severing of land, residence, or place of business; and (v) an interest of 12% on the market value from the date of notification to award. The IRP has some additional complementary provisions especially with regard to displacement and resettlement of squatters and other informal settlers.

37. To reduce inherent delays in the land acquisition process from 18 to 6 months or less, the Government of Tamil Nadu (GOTN) issued a government order in 1995—“Acquisition of Land for various purposes, Acquisition through negotiation—Uniformity in procedure, fixation of land value and Constitution of Committee.” The order sets out the principles of fixing of land value for negotiation. It allows negotiations up to 150% of the market value/guideline value for each hectare of land.

38. Based on these state laws and regulation on land acquisition, the ADB IRP and the NPRR, the following resettlement principles will be applied to all TEAP subprojects: a) land acquisition and other involuntary resettlement impacts will be minimized as much as possible; b) wherever possible, Government land will be utilized which is free from encumbrances and will not include land that is squatted upon; c) those affected will be informed and consulted on compensation options and in formulating the RPs in accordance with the agreed RF; d) land and other property compensation will be paid at replacement costs; e) payment of compensation for lost land, housing, assets, and other resettlement assistance will be given in full before awarding civil contracts; f) compensation at replacement cost and resettlement assistance will be given to all non-titled people affected (e.g., informal dwellers/squatters, and encroachers) before acquiring land and their properties;

20 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge g) all those affected will receive assistance to restore their income and to rehabilitate their livelihood; and h) special assistance will be given to households headed by women and other vulnerable groups.

39. In case of land acquisition, compensation will be paid at mutually agreed rates through negotiations as outlined in the 1995 government order at replacement costs. In the event the landowner does not agree to acquisition through negotiation and the land is acquired as per the Land Acquisition Act, compensation will be paid at replacement costs. If the compensation amount assessed by a district collector is lower than that of the replacement cost determined by the land acquisition and valuation committee, the difference will be paid in the form of a special grant to the affected person. The Government will bear transaction costs such as stamps/registration costs in case of purchase of replacement land. Non-titled affected people will be entitled to both compensation and rehabilitation assistance based on the nature of their losses. Replacement cost of structures will also be paid to squatters/informal dwellers, and resettlement assistance, such as shifting allowance and compensation for loss of workdays/income. Households headed by women and other vulnerable households (such as scheduled tribe/scheduled caste, disabled, elderly) will be eligible for additional assistance in terms of income restoration.

40. Cut-off Date is established to identify the Entitled Persons. The date on which the census survey was undertaken will be the cut-off date for non- titleholders. For legal owners, the cut-off date will be the notification declaring the intention to acquire the property. For those legal owners who are not agreeable to compensation through negotiations, the date of serving the notice u/s 4(1) of Land Acquisition Act of 1894 will be established as the cut-off date.

41. The entitlement matrix (Table 18) lists types of losses, eligibility, and entitlements, and provides basic parameters for the preparation of compensation and resettlement benefits. The matrix will apply to this project.

21 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge

Table 18. Entitlement Matrix

Unit of No Type of Loss Application Entitlement Details of Entitlements entitlement 1 Agricultural land, Land on the Titleholders Compensation 1. Cash compensation through homesteads, project right at replacement negotiation as per government commercial land of way cost. order (1995) at mutually agreed (private property) (ROW) rates equal to replacement value and/or GO Ms. No. 75 (2005). 2. Cash compensation as per Land Acquisition Act at replacement costs. If the replacement cost of land determined by land acquisition and valuation committee is more than the compensation determined by district collector, the difference will be paid as a special grant by the Project directly to those affected. 3. Transaction costs will be paid by the Project (registration cost, stamp fees etc., incurred in the purchase of replacement land). 2 Residential and Structure Titleholders Compensation 1. Cash compensation to be paid commercial within the at by the district collector at structures ROW replacement replacement costs. If the (private property) cost replacement cost of structure determined by land acquisition and valuation committee is more than the compensation determined by district collector, the difference will be paid as a special grant by the Project directly to those affected. 2. A lump sum shifting assistance for shifting household assets including cost of transportation and labor costs. 3. Project will assist those affected to purchase land to relocate to a new site. 4. Right to salvage material from the demolished structure. 3 Loss of income Businesses Individual Lump sum 1. Owners of businesses will be from business and compensated for their loss of and loss of employees income for 3 months based on wages affected by actual income lost assessed on a project case-by-case basis. ROW 2. Employees directly affected by displacement of employer will receive wages for 3 months calculated on the basis of minimum wages. 3. Support to those affected, through the livelihoods programs (Appendix V) under the Project (training, capacity building, and enterprise development) for restarting or new income-generating activities.

22 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge

Unit of No Type of Loss Application Entitlement Details of Entitlements entitlement 4 Annual/seasonal Crops and Cultivator– Compensation 1. Advance notice for harvesting crops and trees trees on household at market standing crops. ROW value 2. Owner will receive grant equal to market value of crop lost for 10 years plus cost of replacement of seeds. 3. Sharecroppers/tenants will be compensated at market value for the crop lost plus cost of replacement of seeds for the next season’s harvest. 4. Compensation for trees based on timber value at market prices, to be determined by Forest Department and Horticultural Department. 5. For perennial trees, compensation will be 3–5 times the market value. 5 Structures by Structures Household No 1. Compensation for loss of squatters and affected by compensation structure at replacement cost. informal settlers ROW for land; 2. A lump sum shifting assistance (residential/ compensation for shifting household assets commercial) for structure at including cost of transportation replacement and labor costs. cost and other 3. Affected people to relocate to a assistance new site provided by the project. 4. Support to those affected losing commercial structures, through the livelihoods program (Appendix V) under the Project (training, capacity building and enterprise development) for restarting/new income- generating activities. 6 Additional Households Individual Assistance for 1. Preferential employment in the assistance for affected by income Project, especially for women vulnerable ROW restoration and the poor groups below and training 2. Support those affected through poverty line the livelihoods programs under (BPL), the Project (Appendix V) which households will include- headed by Support for capacity building, women, elderly enterprise training, and and disabled economic activities to already organized self-help groups (SHGs). Support for capacity building, enterprise training for new SHGs (male and female) not yet organized into community-based groups. Replacement of productive assets, skill upgrading, risk mitigation through insurance.

23 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge

Unit of No Type of Loss Application Entitlement Details of Entitlements entitlement 7 Specific action Land and Individual Assistance for 1. Preferential employment in the for indigenous other assets income Project, especially for women people/ affected by restoration and the poor scheduled tribe ROW and training 2. Support those affected through (ST) the livelihoods programs under the Project (Appendix V) which will include- Support for capacity building, enterprise training, and economic activities to already organized self-help groups (SHGs). Support for capacity building, enterprise training for new SHGs (male and female) not yet organized into community-based groups. Replacement of productive assets, skill upgrading, risk mitigation through insurance. 8 Community Affected by Community Replacement 1. Complete rehabilitation / infrastructure ROW restoration by the Project. and amenities

9 Other impacts 1. Unforeseen impacts will be documented and mitigated based on the principles agreed not identified in this RF.

H. Stakeholder Participation and Disclosure of RP 42. Appropriate consultation on the resettlement plan and participation of affected population in decision making will improve the understanding of their needs, resources and preferences. This will help in reducing reluctance and thereby increase the acceptance of the project. Consultations have been held at the time of carrying out the baseline socio-economic survey.

43. Further, a public consultation was held on 12.08.2006 to seek the views and preferences of the community with regard to the project and as well as their suggestions for successful implementation of the project. The likely resettlement impact and the mitigation measures proposed under the RP were explained to the people. The consultation was conducted by the R&R Expert and about 31 persons, including village leaders, participated in the consultation.

24 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge

44. The salient findings of the consultations on various issues covered are presented below. People were unanimous and equivocal in conveying the need for a bridge in Kodiyampalyam. The advantages as perceived by the people are; the bridge would become an escape route; facilitate easy access to school and health facilities; fisheries will improve; and will

pave way for introduction of mini-bus (public transport) service to the village. On the compensation and assistance, the APs wanted valuation for the land to reflect the market rates, though there has been no cultivation in these lands for over 15 years. The participants signed attendance sheet is enclosed as Appendix-VI.

45. In addition, a Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan has been prepared for the project and is enclosed as Appendix-II.

46. The Resettlement Plan (RP) will be translated into Tamil and will be made available to the affected people by the Implementing Agency (IA), the Highways Department, for review and comments on the policy and mitigation measures by means of project-level disclosure workshops prior to loan negotiation. Copies of short RP will also be made available at the local level public office, Sirkazhi Taluk office, to stakeholders for local inputs prior to award of civil work contract. The proceedings of the disclosure workshop and the feedback received will be sent to ADB for review.

47. The final RP will also be disclosed on the ADB Website, EA website and IA website whereas the Project Management Unit (PMU) will continue consultations throughout the project implementation period.

I. Istitutional Responsibility 48 The Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation Department (RADMMD) at the state-level will be the Executing Agency (EA) of the TEAP, while the State Level Steering Committee (SLSC) will have the overall

25 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge advice and guidance with the departments and the Implementing Agencies (IAs). The Project Management Unit (PMU) formed within RADMMD and headed by the project director will be responsible for overall coordination, planning, implementation, monitoring, and financing of all resettlement and rehabilitation activities under the TEAP. RADMMD will depute an official within the PMU to be in charge of land acquisition and resettlement operations, and will report to the project director. Each IA in their project implementation unit will also have qualified social/resettlement professionals. The social development and resettlement specialist will assist the PMU and IAs/line departments in preparing RPs. The project director will recruit and appoint local NGOs, as required, to help prepare and implement resettlement activities. The concerned staff at the PMU, IAs/field offices, project NGOs, and revenue department officials will undergo a week long orientation and training in resettlement policy and management. The deputed official in the PMU with the assistance from the social development and resettlement specialist will work in close coordination with the respective IAs and project NGOs on the day-to-day activities of RP implementation.

49. A land value assessment (LVAC) for the project committee headed by the district collector or his/her representative will also be formed with representatives from RADMMD, IAs, district/tehsil Land Revenue office, representatives of those affected, local government, village leaders, professional assessors, and implementing NGO to assess replacement value of lost assets through a land market value survey and through compiling and comparing other available sources of information.8 RADMMD will ensure that any land acquisition and resettlement/relocation is preceded by a satisfactory RP, formulated according to the agreed Resettlement Framework (RF). RADMMD will also ensure that appropriate entitlements and mitigation measures are included in the RP especially for the benefit of vulnerable groups—households headed by women, below poverty line, scheduled caste/scheduled tribes, the elderly, and disabled. The PMU will submit RPs for ADB review and approval, and will ensure that affected persons will receive compensation and other entitlements before civil work contracts are awarded.

8 District Level Monitoring Committees and Village Level Monitoring Committees will be extensively utilized for this purpose.

26 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge

J. Implementation Arrangements 50. The Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation Department (RADMMD) at the state-level will be the EA of the project, while the Highways Department will be responsible for the implementation of the RP.

51. The PMU formed within RADMMD and headed by the project director will be responsible for overall coordination, monitoring and financing of the RP. RADMMD will depute an official within the PMU to be in charge of land acquisition and resettlement operations, and will report to the project director.

52. Highways Department, the implementing agency, will engage a qualified social/resettlement specialist to assist it in the implementation of the RP. The project director of PMU will recruit and appoint a local NGO to help implement resettlement activities. The highways department will assign the task of implementation to the concerned Divisional Engineer who will be supported by one Assistant Engineer.

53. The concerned staff at the Divisional Office of the Highways Department and project NGO will undergo a week long orientation and training on issues concerning - resettlement policy; principles and procedures of land acquisition; public consultation and participation; entitlements and compensation disbursement mechanisms; Grievance Redressal and monitoring of resettlement operation. The drafts TOR for the appointment of NGO / Agency is given vide Appendix-III

54. Further, the PMU will ensure resettlement budgets are delivered on time to the competent authority and the implementing NGOs for timely RP implementation. The PMU will ensure that affected persons will receive compensation and other entitlements before civil work contracts are awarded. The organizational structure for implementation of SRP activities is as under:

PMU (RADMMD)

LVAC DE Highways

AE Highways

NGO

PAP

27 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge

K. Grievance Redressal 55. A Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) will be established in Nagapattinam district, with representation from RADMMD, concerned DE of Highways, 2 members from the people affected of which at least one is a women or from vulnerable group, Kodiyampalayam Panchayat President, and the NGO representative and will be chaired by the District Revenue Officer of Nagapattinam. Through public consultations, those affected will be informed that they have a right to redress their grievance. They can call upon the support of the NGO to assist them in presenting their grievances or queries to the GRC, which is expected to settle many grievances. The committee must resolve grievances within a fortnight time. The decision of GRC will be binding unless challenged in a court of law. The committee will meet at least four times a month during the first 6 months of project implementation, and twice a month from the seventh month.

L. Compensation and Livelihood Restoration i) Arrangement for Valuing and Disbursing Compensation 56. A land value assessment committee headed by the district collector or his/her representative will also be formed with representatives from RADMMD, Highways Department, L.A. Tahsildar, representatives of those affected, panchayat President, professional assessors, and implementing NGO to assess replacement value of lost assets through a land market value survey and through compiling and comparing other available sources of information. Replacement value of agriculture land will be paid to make up for the loss incurred due to land acquisition. All payment will be made in a transparent manner in public. ii) Assistance to Livelihood Restoration 57. APs living below the poverty line, women headed, elderly and destitute will be provided preferential employment opportunities in project construction works to compensate the partial loss of livelihood.

58. Of the 19 households (15 households losing agricultural land and 4 households operating ferryboat services who will be indirectly affected) 7 households fall under the vulnerable category (WHH, elderly and BPL) and will be supported through the livelihood programme under TEAP. Further, the ferryboat operators numbering 5 (belonging to 4 families) and 29 employees employed by the ferry boat operators will also be supported through the livelihood programme under TEAP. The livelihood support programme under TEAP supports; i) capacity building, enterprise training, and economic activities to already organized self- help groups (SHGs); ii) formation of new SHGs, for both men and women, from

28 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge affected households not yet organized in community-based groups for restoring livelihoods through micro-enterprise training and establishment support; and iii) skills upgrading.

M. Budget 59. The total estimated cost for resettlement implementation including cost of compensation and assistance as per the Resettlement Framework (Tamil Nadu) under TEAP is Rs.1,152,322/-.

60. Notes and assumptions to costing: The cost estimate is based on information collected in the field, consultations had with the APs and revenue staff and findings of census survey. a. Guideline value for Land is as of 2003 and is yet to be revised and made public. For current prices, a 7% variation has been taken for one year (current inflation has been taken as the basis) and 2006 prices have been arrived. i. Further, on the basis of G.O. Ms. No. 885, Revenue dated 21.9.1995, compensation for land has been calculated at 150% of the guideline value. ii. The 150% is arrived on the following basis. Under acquisition invoking LA Act, normally the valuation of land includes guideline value of land, plus additional 30% of solatium for compulsory nature of acquisition, plus a 12% of interest per annum from the date of publishing notification of section 4(1). Under private negotiation the competent authority is empowered vide above referred GO, to pay up to 150% that includes an additional 8% over and above solatium and interest. iii. Registration charges and stamp duty is currently 9% of the purchase price / guideline value, which ever is higher. iv. Since the purchase of land with the compensation amount paid is dependant on availability of suitable land and may take some time, all APs will be paid the registration charges and stamp duty along with land compensation. The same has been reflected in the budget. b. For loss of income three months income declared during census survey is provided as assistance and for loss of wages / salary, three months minimum wages is budgeted for. c. Livelihood support for loss of income and vulnerable category will be as per ADBs $51.15 million livelihood support programme and will implemented by

29 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge

Rural Development Department, GoTN. The eligible people will be linked to the ongoing programme and hence no separate budgetary allocation has been made in this RP. The livelihood support programme will be extended to 38 families [4 ferry service operators, 29 persons employed in boat service, and 5 vulnerable (out of 7 vulnerable – 1 WHH, 4 BPL, 1 SC and 1 Old age – 2 come under income loss category)] having loss of income and those belonging to vulnerable. d. The following assistance are provided as per comments given on the draft report. a. Those who are vulnerable or losing significant income as a result of the subproject will be given an Economic rehabilitation grant at the rate of Rs.3,000/- per household. b. Training would be provided for up-gradation of skills @ Rs.2,500/ - per family to the APs belonging to those loosing significant income as result of the loss and becoming vulnerable.

Table 19. Budget Estimate

S.No Item Description Unit Quantity Rate Amount

A. Compensation

1 Private Land Sq.m. 4430 79 349,970

2 Registration charges and stamp duty Land Value 349,970 0.09 31,498

3 Perennial Trees Number 0 - -

4 Trees having fuel wood Value Number 0 - -

5 Kutcha Residential Structure Number 0 - -

6 Semi Permanent Residential Structure Number 0 - -

7 Commercial Structure - Kutcha Sq.m. 0 - -

B. RP Assistance and Activities

1 Shifting Assistance Number 0 2,000 -

2 Loss of business (boat) Income Number 4 12,500 50,000

3 Loss of wages Number 29 7,200 208,800

4 Economic Rehabilitation Grant Number 38 3,000 114,000 Additional assistance to vulnerable 5 Number 7 3,000 21,000 groups Training assistance to affected 6 Number 38 2,500 95,000 households

C: Support for RP Implementation

NGO Assistance for RP updation and 1 Lump sum 50,000 implementation 2 Independent M&E Lump sum 30,000

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Training and orientation to the NGO / 3 Agency staff by the Social Development Lump sum 10,000 & Resettlement Specialist (PMU) 960,268 Sub total 192,054 Contingency @ 20% 1,152,322 Total

N. Implementation Schedule 61. The timeframe for various activities of RP is depicted in the Gantt Chart in page 32.

O. Monitoring & Evaluation 62. RADMMD will establish a monthly monitoring system and prepare monthly progress reports on all aspects of land acquisition and resettlement activities. The report will contain progress made in RP implementation with particular attention to monitoring and the delivery of entitlements. The deputed official in charge of land acquisition and resettlement in the PMU with assistance from the social development and resettlement specialist, through the Highways Department and NGOs will monitor the progress of land acquisition and resettlement and also prepare biannual reports, forwarding them to ADB for review. An independent agency/monitoring expert will be engaged by the PMU in agreement with ADB to undertake biannual external monitoring of the subproject implementation. This expert will submit the reports biannually via PMU to ADB. The drafts TOR for the appointment of M&E consultancy firm / expert is given vide Appendix-IV.

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32 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge

Appendix – I

Summary of Affected Persons

Entitlement Percent Extent AHs acquired Present Owner Acquired Type of Loss S.No of total Income loss Support in sq.m. Land holding assistance through ADBs Compensati Livelihood on Programme Direct Impact

- 1 Muthiah. K 636 12.6 Land 54,766

- 2 Muniyasamy Padayachi. A 422 42.2 Land 36,338 @ #

- 3 Kannagi. C 432 34.6 Land 37,200 @ #

- 4 Samithurai. P 248 38.2 Land 21,355

- 5 Muthukrishnan. L 330 30.0 Land 28,416

- 6 Rathinavel. V 315 22.5 Land 27,125

- 7 Selvamani. P 325 21.0 Land 27,986

- 8 Gunasekaran. C 495 55.0 Land 42,624

- 9 Ramachandran. T 179 15.6 Land 15,414

- 10 Rajagopal. G 120 60.0 Land 10,333

- 11 Ramasamy. G 141 40.3 Land 12,142 @ #

- 12 Balakrishnan. M 99 0.8 Land 8,525 @ #

- 13 Somu. P 83 41.5 Land 7,147

- 14 Somu. C 90 45.0 Land 7,750 @ #

- 15 Rajendran. T 515 5.2 Land 44,347

Indirect Impact (Ferry Owners) 16 Ramar. S - - Income - 12,500 @ # 17 Valli.S (Mrs) - WHH - - Income - 12,500 @ # Kothandapani.P and 12,500 18 Chandra - - Income - @ # 19 Rajangam. A - - Income - 12,500 @ # Indirect Impact (Ferry Staff)

20 Sashi - - Income - 7,200 @ #

21 Oli - - Income - 7,200 @ #

22 Rajesh - - Income - 7,200 @ #

23 Kumar - - Income - 7,200 @ #

24 Chinna Kunju - - Income - 7,200 @ #

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Entitlement Percent Extent AHs acquired Type of Present Owner Acquired Income Support S.No of total Loss in sq.m. Land loss through holding Compensati assistance ADBs on Livelihood Programme

25 Gajendran - - Income - 7,200 @ #

26 Aruldas - - Income - 7,200 @ #

27 Saminathan - - Income - 7,200 @ #

28 Gothandam - - Income - 7,200 @ #

29 Kuppusamy - - Income - 7,200 @ #

30 Ramesh - - Income - 7,200 @ # 31 Murugan - - Income - 7,200 @ # 32 Kathir - - Income - 7,200 @ # 33 Balamurugan - - Income - 7,200 @ #

34 Ilayaraja - - Income - 7,200 @ #

35 Selvamani - - Income - 7,200 @ #

36 Rayar - - Income - 7,200 @ # 37 Gajendran - - Income - 7,200 @ # 38 Natesan - - Income - 7,200 @ # 39 Ramasamy - - Income - 7,200 @ # 40 Thangasamy - - Income - 7,200 @ # 41 Chinna Pillai - - Income - 7,200 @ # 42 Ramu - - Income - 7,200 @ # 43 Vasanth - - Income - 7,200 @ # 44 Balakrishnan - - Income - 7,200 @ # 45 Ramadoss - - Income - 7,200 @ # Backiyaraj 7,200 46 Rajangam - - Income - @ # 47 Vasanth Rajangam - - Income - 7,200 @ # 48 Sasi Ramar - - Income - 7,200 @ #

Total 3,81,468 258,800

@ --- Livelihood support for loss of income and vulnerable category will be as per ADBs $51.15 million livelihood support programme and will be implemented by Rural Development Department, GoTN. The eligible people will be linked to the ongoing programme and hence no separate budgetary allocation has been made in this RP.

# --- They will be entitled for Rs.3,000/- as ‘Economic Rehabilitation Grant’ and Rs.2,500/- as ‘Training Assistance’. The vulnerable will get additional grant of Rs.3,000/-

34 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge

Appendix – II

Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan

Timing Feedback/ No of Activity Task (Date/ Agencies Issues/ Remarks People Period) Concerns Raised SAI Stakeholder Mapping of the project Consulting June ‘06 - - - Identification area Engineers, Chennai Distribution of The project disclosure Project information August NGO / information leaflets to 89 meeting was held in the - Dissemination ‘06 Agency affected persons (APs) project village. The APs wanted The bridge to be built Consultative Meetings Economic quickly Discuss potential impacts with APs during Scoping 12.8.06 36 Perspectives, Reasonable valuation for - of the project Phase Chennai land and trees Reduce the approach road width to minimise impact Publish list of affected LA process through private land parcels/sites in a Highways negotiations is in progress Public Notification local newspaper; March ‘07 - - Dept. and will be completed by Establish eligibility cut- March 2007. off date

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Timing Feedback/ No of Activity Task (Date/ Agencies Issues/ Remarks People Period) Concerns Raised Information was collected on – Socio-economic profile of Collect socio-economic Economic the households; Socio-Economic Survey information on AP’s July ‘06 89 Perspectives, Access to services - perception on the project Chennai Awareness & perception of the sample households on the Project and its impact Discuss entitlements, Consultative Meetings on compensation rates, NGO / Resettlement Mitigation April ‘07 - - - grievance redress Agency Measures mechanisms Distribute Leaflets or Publicize the NGO / - Booklets in local April ‘07 - - resettlement plan (RP) Agency language Full Disclosure of the RP Distribute RP in local Highways April ‘07 - - - to APs language to APs Dept RP posted on ADB and/or Highways Expecting full clearance for Web Disclosure of the RP March ‘07 - - EA website Dept RP by mid March 2007 Consultative Meetings Face to face meetings NGO / April ‘07 - - during DMS with APs Agency

Disclosure after Detailed Disclose updated RP to NGO / Measurement Survey May ‘07 - - APs Agency (DMS)

Web Disclosure of the Updated RP posted on RADMMD & May ‘07 - - Updated RP ADB and/or EA website ADB

36 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge

Appendix – III

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION

(NGO)/AGENCY I. Project description Government of Tamil Nadu has proposed to construct 5 high level bridges (HLB) under the Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project (TEAP) funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Kodiyampalayam HLB is one among the 5 HLBs and is being proposed across ‘Uppanar’ between Kaattar Village and Kodiyampalayam Island Village

The Project intends to engage an experienced agency to assist with the implementation of the social and resettlement aspects of the Project namely the subproject Resettlement Plan (RP).

II. Scope of work In general, the Project Management Unit (PMU) in Chennai, Tamil Nadu will be responsible for the effective, timely and efficient execution of the RP. The key tasks of the selected organization will be: -

(i) Information Campaign on Resettlement Entitlements The agency will design, plan and implement an information campaign in the project area primarily to inform the APs about the entitlement policy and how to avail their respective entitlements. In particular, the agency will be responsible for undertaking a public information campaign at the project areas to inform the affected persons regarding:- The need for Land Acquisition (LA), wherever necessary; The likely consequences of the project on the communities; The R&R policy and entitlements; Assist APs in getting the compensation for their land and properties acquired for the project; Ensure proper utilization by the APs of various grants available under the R&R package. The agency will be responsible for advising the APs on how best to utilize any cash that may be provided under the RP, with emphasis placed on using such funds in sustainable way e.g. purchasing replacement land for that acquired.

The campaign would include measures such as distribution of information booklets, leaflets, notices and other materials among the APs, community

37 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge meetings, public announcements, and any other measures necessary to provide information to all the APs.

(ii) Identification of APs and Issuance of Identity (ID) Cards The agency will identify and verify APs, on the basis of the resettlement census survey carried out and will facilitate the distribution of ID cards. This work will include identification of APs based on a census survey, preparation of ID cards, taking photograph of APs in the field, issuance of ID cards to APs and updating of ID cards, if required. An identity card would include a photograph of the AP, his/her socioeconomic profile and vulnerability, the nature and extent of loss suffered due to the project construction, and the choice AP with regard to the mode of compensation and assistance (if applicable, as per the RP).

The agency shall prepare a list of APs, enlisting the losses and the entitlements as per the RP, after verification. During the identification and verification of the eligible APs, agency shall ensure that each of the APs are contacted and consulted either in groups or individually. The agency shall especially ensure consultation with vulnerable groups namely (a) those who are below the poverty line (BPL); (b) those who belong to scheduled castes (SC), (c) women-headed households (WHH); (d) elderly and (e) disabled persons.

(iii) Updation of AP Database and Creation/Computerization of Database and AP Files The agency will be responsible for updating and preparing a comprehensive computerized database containing the data on land, structure, trees and other affected properties of the APs which will be used to prepare AP files and entitlements cards (EC). The database will contain information from land records and resettlement census data. The AP and EC files will be used for making payments of entitlements to the APs and monitoring the progress of resettlement work.

(iv) Participation in Grievance Redress The agency will play a key role in assisting the APs in presenting their grievances or queries to the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) which will be established at the PMU level with the primary objective of providing a mechanism to mediate conflict and cut down on lengthy litigation.

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(v) Income Restoration The agency will also play a key role in providing income restoration assistance to the affected households losing their primary sources of livelihood/income as a result of the Project. The agency shall undertake consultations with the affected households on finalizing the skills training and also undertake a market feasibility survey to ascertain the feasibility of the skills being imparted to those affected. Based on the outputs of these, the NGO will plan out livelihood restoration activities as per ADBs livelihoodc support programme and link them to Nodal NGOs under TNCWD, GoTN. Emphasis will be paid on the vulnerable groups such as female headed households, SC households, poor etc.

In addition, the agency would also be responsible for liasoning with the various government departments, in order to create a link up between the existing government schemes and the affected groups.

(vi) Relocation assistance The development agency shall facilitate the process of relocation of the affected households getting displaced as a result of the project as per the RP.

(vii) Community Participation In addition to the resettlement activities, the NGO will implement ‘Community Participation Strategy’ for the Project. As part of this, the NGO will mobilize the various stakeholders in the community and organize focus group discussions (FGDs) at the subproject level, with community leaders, eminent citizens, local community based Organization (CBOs), as well as women and other socio- economically vulnerable groups such as Indigenous groups, scheduled caste and poor households, in order to establish direct public contact. The FGDs will aim at sharing information regarding the Project in each of the subproject area so as to ascertain views of the various groups in the community on their priorities, choice of technology, their views and concerns on the Project design and any other concern on safety and other issues. In particular the NGO will undertake the following: Formation of Community based groups in the subproject areas so as to promote organized community participation and representation. Special focus will be made on formation of women’s groups representing women belonging to various socioeconomic groups to act as active agents and change makers in the process of participation thereby leading to their empowerment.

39 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge

Awareness Building Component would be undertaken on road safety measures with a focus on women and children . Capacity Building Component: Under this component, training and sensitization inputs would be provided to the community based organizations and groups such as women’s groups and village Panchayat about leadership and management and maintenance of the assets created under the subprojects.

III. Time frame The work is scheduled to start in ******** and will continue till the end of the Project i.e. ************. The agency should be fully prepared in terms of all logistics support to tackle and carry out the resettlement activities and tasks laid down above.

IV. Selection criteria, Staffing, Implementation Plan The NGO/agency to be selected for the tasks must have proven experience in resettlement planning and implementation. Specifically, key quality criteria include: - Experience in direct implementation of programs in local, similar and/or in other districts in Tamil Nadu; Availability of trained staff capable of including into their programme Competence, transparency and accountability based on neutral evaluations, internal reports, and audited accounts; Integrity and experience to represent vulnerable groups against abuses and demonstrable mandate to represent local groups. Demonstrated experience in computerizing and managing resettlement- related database, and Experience in resettlement survey, planning, monitoring and evaluation.

The agency chosen will have to agree to the terms and conditions under the RP. The following staffing provision may be necessary for smooth and effective implementation of the RP within the time frame: Team Leader ; Field coordinator ; Resettlement Implementation Worker

Interested agency should submit proposal for the work with a brief statement of the approach, methodology, and field plan to carry out the tasks. The proposal should include: -

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(i) Relevant information concerning previous experience on resettlement implementation and preparation of reports. (ii) The proposal should also include samples of ID cards, information brochures, AP files etc. to be used during the implementation phase. (iii) The field plan must address training and mobilization of resettlement workers.

Full CVs (2-3 pages) of key personnel (for e.g. the Team Leader, Field Co- coordinator) must be submitted along with the proposal. The Team Leader must have degree in social science (preferably economics, sociology, anthropology, development studies) and familiar with the local language. The Field coordinator must have prior experience in resettlement operation and management and familiar with the local language. The agency must be an established organization registered with the Government of Tamil Nadu / India.

V. Budget ****** copies of the proposal - both technical and financial - should be submitted. The budget should include all expenses such as staff salary, training, computer/database, transport, field and any other logistics necessary for resettlement implementation. Additional expense claims whatsoever outside the budget will not be entertained.

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Appendix – IV

Terms of Reference for an External Monitoring & Evaluation Consultant/Agency

I. Project description 1. The Government of Tamilnadu has proposed to construct 5 high level bridges (HLBs) in Tsunami affected areas and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved the financing of these projects under Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project (TEAP) under the loan No. 2166-IND. These 5 HLBs are distributed into Cuddalore(2), Nagapattinam (2) and Tinvallur(1) istricts. The subproject will include investment in physical infrastructure plus proposals for capacity building of State, district authorities and community based organizations.

2. In accordance with ADB’s TEAP loan procedures; this Short Resettlement Plan (RP) has been prepared for the Construction of High Level Bridge across Vellar at km. 11/4 of Killai Road in Cuddalore District (MDR) in Tamil Nadu State. This short RP, identifies the broad scope of the subproject and outlines the policy, procedures for acquisition of land, compensation and other assistance measures for affected persons and institutional requirements for this subproject under the loan No. 2166-IND.

3. The Project includes a provision for monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the subproject resettlement plan by an external monitor. Therefore, the RADMMD/ PMU, which is the Executing Agency (EA/IA) for this project, requires services of a reputed individual/consultancy firm for monitoring and evaluation of RP implementation.

II. Scope of work - Generic To review and verify the progress in resettlement implementation as outlined in the RP; To monitor the effectiveness and efficiency of PMU, DSC and NGO in RP implementation. To assess whether resettlement objectives, particularly livelihoods and living standards of the Affected Persons (APs) have been restored or enhanced; To assess the efforts of PMU & NGO in implementation of the ‘Community Participation strategy’ with particular attention on participation of vulnerable groups namely (a) those who are below the poverty line (BPL); (b) those who belong to scheduled castes (SC),

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scheduled tribes (ST); (c) female-headed households (FHH); (d) elderly and (e) disabled persons. To assess resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability, drawing both on policies and practices and to suggest any corrective measures, if necessary. To review the project impacts on Indigenous People and groups and assess the effectiveness of the mitigative actions taken;

III. Scope of work- Specific 4. An Independent monitoring agency will be involved in ongoing monitoring of the resettlement efforts by the EA/IA. The major tasks expected from the external monitor are: a) To develop specific monitoring indicators for undertaking monitoring for Resettlement, Indigenous People Development Plan and the Community Participation Strategy; b) Review results of internal monitoring and verify claims through random checking at the field level to assess whether land acquisition/resettlement objectives have been generally met. Involve the affected people and community groups in assessing the impact of land acquisition for monitoring and evaluation purposes. c) Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the land acquisition/resettlement objectives and approaches, implementation strategies. d) To review and verify the progress in land acquisition/resettlement implementation of subproject on a sample basis and prepare bi-annual reports for the EA/IA and ADB. e) Evaluate and assess the adequacy of compensation given to the APs and the livelihood opportunities and incomes as well as the quality of life of APs of project-induced changes. f) To evaluate and assess the adequacy and effectiveness of the consultative process with affected APs, particularly those vulnerable, including the adequacy and effectiveness of grievance procedures and legal redress available to the affected parties, and dissemination of information about these.

IV. Time Frame and Reporting 5. The independent monitoring agency will be responsible for overall monitoring of the Executing Agency (EA) and will submit biannual review reports to ADB through PMU and determine whether resettlement goals have been

43 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge achieved, more importantly whether livelihoods and living standards have been restored/ enhanced and suggest suitable recommendations for improvement.

V. Qualifications 6. The monitoring agency will have significant experience in resettlement policy analysis and RP implementation. Further, work experience and familiarity with all aspects of resettlement operations would be desirable. Candidates with degrees in anthropology, sociology, and development studies will be preferred.

7. Interested agencies/consultants should submit proposal for the work with a brief statement of the approach, methodology, and relevant information concerning previous experience on Monitoring of resettlement implementation and preparation of reports.

8. The profile of agency along with full CV of monitors to be engaged must be submitted along with the proposal. The agency must be an established organization registered with the Government of India.

VI. Budget and Logistics 9. The proposal - both technical and financial - should be submitted and the budget should include all cost and any other logistics details necessary for resettlement monitoring. Additional expense claims whatsoever outside the budget will not be entertained.

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Appendix V

LIVELIHOODS A. Damage 1. The extent of damage to livelihoods9 either directly or indirectly10 extends much beyond damage to physical infrastructure. Loss of lives; injuries; destruction of houses and productive assets; and damage to social, physical, and transport infrastructure compounded damage to livelihoods. The tsunami hit the livelihoods of those who were already poor11 the hardest and accentuated their deep- seated vulnerability due to the socioeconomic structure of the affected areas, land-holding patterns, ownership of economic assets, and lack of skills to benefit from economic opportunities. Seasonal income patterns; climatic variations; and low coverage and quality of water, sanitation, health, and education worsened the adverse impact.

2. The damage suffered by fisherfolks affected a broad range of microenterprises12 due to marked interdependency in coastal economies (Table 1). The vulnerability of microenterprises to disruptions in sources of supplies and markets led to loss of employment, especially for women. Microenterprises cater to local markets and the lower income segments of the population both for inputs and outputs. The damage to agriculture and livestock, though not significant, has also affected the livelihoods of vulnerable coastal communities, including scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and women. In addition, salinity of land and groundwater will have long-term impacts on productivity and profitability of microenterprises especially those relating to agriculture and horticulture. Landless and other casual laborers engaged in seasonal employment and other intermittent activities for subsistence have suffered loss of employment opportunities and consequently wages.

Table 1: Estimated Breakup of Affected Livelihoods, Damages, and Wage Losses Livelihoods Kerala Tamil Nadu Total Item Number ($ million) % Number ($ million) % Fisherfolk 42,723 50 120,000 34 162,723 I. Affected Microenterprises 15,000 18 90,000 22 105,000 Livelihoods Agriculture & Livestock 6,500 8 29,000 7 35,500

Others13 20,777 24 161,000 37 181,777

Total 85,000 400,000 485,000 Fisherfolk 18.60 64 259.07 85 277.67 II. Damage Microenterprises 2.09 7 12.56 4 14.65

(assets) Agriculture & Livestock 3.40 12 9.30 4 12.70 Total 24.09 280.93 305.02 Fisherfolk 3.46 12 8.15 3.6 11.61 III. Wage Microenterprises 0.48 2 2.86 1 3.34 Loss (per Agriculture & Livestock 0.21 1 0.92 0.4 1.13 month) Others 0.66 2 5.11 2 5.77 Total 4.81 17.04 21.85 Source: Joint Assessment Mission (JAM) Report.

9 Reference is to activities undertaken by poor and low-income households including fisheries, agriculture, livestock, microenterprises, and wage employment. Large enterprises and tourism sectors are excluded. 10 For every person who goes out to the sea, approximately up to four people are estimated to be employed in allied land-based activities. International Fund for Agricultural Development. 2003. India: Rural Poverty among Coastal Fisheries: Profile and Possible Interventions, Report No.1447, October, p.39. 11 While poverty incidence in Tamil Nadu and Kerala, at 21% and 13% respectively, are below the national average of 26%, poverty among the coastal communities varies. 12 Group or individual enterprises requiring investments in the range of Rs5,000 to Rs250,000. Microenterprise encompasses all small income-generating activities. The JAM report segregated fisherfolks, agriculture, and livestock to facilitate separate sector discussions. 13 Wage laborers having seasonal employment or engaged in intermittent subsistence activities during lean periods.

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B. Livelihood Restoration Strategy and Initiatives 3. Livelihoods are in the private domain with a broad range of activities14 including fishing spread over a large number of poor and low-income households. Considering the lessons learned in emergency rehabilitation interventions, the strategy for restoration of livelihoods15 include (i) priority for the poor and low-income families because of their inability to regain their livelihoods without targeted interventions; (ii) empowering the poor by enabling them to reflect their priorities through group-based mechanisms, primarily self-help groups (SHGs), which are well represented in the affected areas; (iii) building and strengthening SHGs for sustained impact, cost-effective service delivery, and adequate gender representation; and (iv) special interventions for vulnerable groups that cannot immediately engage in economic activities.

4. Pooling of development efforts of the government, private sector, and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) will be required to restore and develop livelihoods. In addition, the active participation of affected people (including scheduled castes and scheduled tribes) to ensure effective utilization of funds, timely delivery, effective targeting, and transparency are essential. Expeditious service delivery, outreach, and continuity will be essential for convergence with ongoing initiatives with established implementation mechanisms. Both Tamil Nadu, with the most damage, and Kerala16 are promoting social and economic empowerment of the poor and low-income households through organization of SHGs and supporting them through revolving funds, part financing of group or individual economic enterprises, linkages to institutional credit, skills development, and insurance.17 While Tamil Nadu and Kerala are in the forefront of the SHG movement in India, the coverage of coastal communities and microenterprises development through SHGs remains limited.18

C. Scope and Components 5. The magnitude of the poverty impact of damaged livelihoods requires a substantial response to restore income flows, reduce dependence on relief, and revive local economies. Accordingly, in consultation with state governments this component19 includes (i) restoring livelihoods of the affected poor and low-income households already organized into SHGs and other similar groups recognized by state governments as affected by the tsunami through microenterprise training and establishment support; (ii) formation of new SHGs, for both men and women, from affected households not yet organized in community-based groups for restoring livelihoods through microenterprise training and establishment support; (iii) replacement of productive assets (i.e., excluding housing) of tsunami-

14 State governments identified 23 microenterprises other than fisherfolk affected by tsunami. 15 Restoring livelihoods covers support for economic enterprises, upgrading skills and technology, and community based microinfrastructure to enable the poor to actively engage in economic activities. 16 Mahalir Thittam (Tamil Nadu) with 80,000 and Kudumbashree (Kerala) with 150,000 SHGs are flagship programs. 17 Implementation of this framework is financed under the Swarnajayanthi Grama Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) in the ratio of 75:25 by the state governments and Government of India. In addition to back- ended subsidies, linkages are established with financing institutions. Generally, the rural development departments implement SGSY. So far 24,000 SHGs in Tamil Nadu and 15,000 SHGs in Kerala are under various stages of support under SGSY. 18 Only 7,500 SHGs in Tamil Nadu and approximately 1,500 in Kerala are in coastal communities. 19 The scope excludes fisheries and agriculture sectors, including associated asset replacement expected to be funded from other sources. However, livelihood restoration relating to these segments (SHG formation, skills development, and microenterprise development support) are part of the scope in view of the inextricable linkages in local economies and the need for coordinated implementation for cost-efficient service delivery.

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affected households; (iv) skills upgrading;20 (v) risk mitigation through insurance of all affected households that receive assistance under this component, through available life and property insurance schemes; (vi) restoring community-based infrastructure affected by the tsunami; and (vii) technical support for implementation, monitoring, and impact assessment of this component.

D. Cost Estimates and Financing Plan 6. The total cost of this component is $60.16 million equivalent. Of the total cost, $51.15 million equivalent is for Tamil Nadu and $9.02 million equivalent is for Kerala. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) will finance the entire foreign exchange cost of $0.19 million equivalent and $58.84 million equivalent of local currency cost or about 98% of the total cost. The Government will finance the remaining local currency cost of $1.32 million equivalent, which includes taxes and duties. Cost estimates and the financing plan are provided along with the Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors on a Proposed Loan and Asian Tsunami Fund Grant to India for the Tsunami Emergency Assistance (Sector) Project (April 2005).

E. Implementation Arrangements 1. Project Management 7. The Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation Department (RADMMD) in Tamil Nadu and the Department of Disaster Management (DDM) in Kerala will be the executing agencies (EAs). The EAs will establish project management units (PMUs) with representation of line agencies. The PMUs will work closely with the ADB extended missions to facilitate implementation and exercise monitoring and control.

8. Within this framework, the Rural Development Department in Tamil Nadu and Kerala Fisheries Department21 will be implementing agencies (IAs). For state coordination, both IAs will be represented in the PMUs. Project implementation units (PIUs) will be established within the Rural Development Department and Kerala Fisheries Department. Project implementation will be undertaken by field functionaries with emphasis on participation of local bodies, communities, and NGOs similar to the Swarnajayanthi Grama Swarozgar Yojana framework with adaptations required for expediting outreach without compromising core principles. Key activities will be outsourced to specialized agencies such as Kudumbashree in Kerala, Tamil Nadu Corporation for Women Development Limited, Enterprise Development Institute in Ahmedabad, and other accredited training establishments and NGO service providers. Successful SHGs will be encouraged as service providers to mainstream good governance in community-based development interventions.

2. Implementation Schedule 9. The Project will be implemented over 3 years, commencing in the second quarter of 2005. The concerned state governments will establish the PMUs and PIUs. The following startup activities will be completed within the first 3 months (i) service provider eligibility criteria and (ii) processing of retroactive financing, if any.

20 Skills development intervention is kept generic to ensure participation of SHGs, and other affected community groups and individuals. The scope includes fisheries and allied activities of poor and low income households. 21 The Government of Kerala prefers livelihood restoration to be implemented by the Fisheries Department to realize the unexplored synergies between fisheries and other livelihood sources. Implementation in close coordination with Kudambashree (responsible for SGSY implementation) will ensure realization of the project objective.

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3. Procurement 10. Procurement, wherever required will be in accordance with ADB Guidelines for Procurement.

4. Consulting Services 11. Domestic consultants (community microenterprise development specialists) will be required in Kerala and in Tamil Nadu to provide technical support to equip the line departments to restore livelihoods in the aftermath of the disaster, mainstream best practices in communitybased microenterprise development, emphasize outreach to women and other vulnerable groups, pool the development efforts of stakeholders, monitor progress, and measure impact.

5. Monitoring 12. The PIUs will maintain a project performance monitoring system that will generate semiannual and annual reports. The information system will include (i) the number of SHGs formed and assisted, including membership by poverty classification, vulnerability, and gender; (ii) capacity and skills training imparted; (iii) the number of enterprises supported and their financial and efficiency ratios; (iv) repayment performance; (v) asset replacement and risk mitigation; and (vi) quantitative and qualitative progress of community-based microinfrastructure projects.22 Specific monitoring indicators will be applied to monitor whether the affected scheduled castes and scheduled tribe community members receive the above assistance. The IAs will periodically commission independent impact assessment to measure poverty outreach and poverty reduction through changes in income, asset holding, and employment status. The IAs will maintain proper records and identification of SHGs and individual beneficiaries receiving assistance including cash assistance under the Project. Likewise proper accounts and reports will be maintained by the IAs and provided periodically to the EAs.

F. Benefits and Risks 13. The Project represents a focused approach to restoring livelihoods of affected households through extension of ongoing interventions with appropriate adaptations for income expansion, employment generation, and poverty reduction. The Project is expected to support 12,000 SHGs with nearly 130,000 members including their capacity building and skills development. At least 50% of those assisted will be women and at least 3% will be from among the disabled. About 130,00023 livelihoods will either be restored or started. In total, 350,000 livelihoods are likely to receive asset replacement and risk reduction support. Simultaneous interventions especially for infrastructure restoration through National Calamity Contingency Fund, state governments, private sector, and multilateral and bilateral agencies will facilitate forward and backward linkages, which will help enhance the rate of return on investments in microenterprises.

14. Major risks relate to ambitious targets inducing compromise on core principles of sustainability and community participation. This has been mitigated by setting goals that can be realistically achieved within the context of a limited duration Project.24 In addition, due caution will be taken in selecting and promoting enterprises. The covariance risk of establishing a large number of similar microenterprises in limited geographic areas has been reduced through a demand-driven approach where communities realistically assess their skill and abilities. A community-based approach will enhance effective targeting.

22 Operation and maintenance costs will be borne by local bodies. 23 Assuming group-based economic enterprises. 24 The size of this component factors implementation capacity and the time required to achieve expected outputs.

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Appendix – VI

List of Participants in Consultation

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50 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge

51 Short Resettlement Plan Construction of High Level Bridges Under TEAP Kodiyampalayam Bridge

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Information for Posting revised SRP on ADB Website

Start Date of Public Close Date of Public Start Date of revised Consultation / consultation / SRP for SRP disclosure to the dissemination of dissemination of entitled APs information information Kodiyampalayam Bridge 21.09.2007 Mar-07 18.01.2008

Prepared By: Highways Department Project Title: Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project