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The Origins and Progress Of
[AJPS 14:1 (2011), pp. 108-146] THE ORIGINS AND ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS OF THE PENTECOSTAL MISSIONARY ENTERPRISE IN CHINA R. G. Tiedemann We have taken for granted an obscure history of Pentecostalism for so long that the multitudes of nameless people responsible for its grassroots expansion have passed into history unremembered and their memory is now very difficult to retrieve. Allan Anderson1 The Pentecostal movement owes its inspiration and formation to the emergence of radical evangelical currents during the second half of the nineteenth century. These new religious movements were significantly different in their eschatological expectations and missionary methods and began to severely challenge mainstream Protestantism in Europe and North America. Several innovative theological currents had a decisive influence on the formation of a host of new denominations and new missionary bodies. Holiness Wesleyans, higher life fundamentalists, the ascendancy of premillennialism, including its dispensationalist variant, restorationist currents, sabbatarian ideas, as well as diverse strands of German and Scandinavian Pietism all contributed to forge the new Evangelicalism as a protest against the growing ‘worldliness’ of the ‘mainline’ Protestant denominations in Western countries.2 1 Allan Anderson, An Introduction to Pentecostalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 175. 2 See Melvin Easterday Dieter, The Holiness Revival of the Nineteenth Century, 2nd ed. (Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1996). For a brief background discussion and the relevant literature, see Allan Anderson, Spreading Fires: The Missionary Nature of Early Pentecostalism (London: SCM Press, 2007), Tiedemann, Pentecostal Missionary Enterprise 109 The Holiness leaders, for example, rejected the optimistic postmillennial convictions of mainline Protestantism. Instead, they insisted that the world was about to come to an apocalyptic conclusion, ushering in the imminent Second Coming of Christ prior to the establishment of his millennial kingdom on earth. -
The True Jesus Church and the Bible in Republican China
religions Article The True Jesus Church and the Bible in Republican China Pan Zhao School of Philosophy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; [email protected] or [email protected] Received: 20 November 2019; Accepted: 7 February 2020; Published: 14 February 2020 Abstract: During China’s Republican Era (1912–1949), the True Jesus Church, comprising one of the largest indigenous Pentecostal/charismatic churches in China, created a whole set of exclusive salvation doctrines based on its unique biblical interpretation. This paper attempts to illustrate the role that the Bible played in the development of the True Jesus Church (TJC for short) and how its biblical interpretations functioned in the shaping of its exclusive identity based on certain aspects of its charismatic experiences and unique doctrinal system. The founding of the TJC relied upon charismatic experiences, which were regarded as the work of the Holy Spirit to prove the authority of the Church. Doctrinally, the approaches to biblical interpretation employed by TJC leaders were another source of the church’s unique identity: The exclusive status the church assigned to itself was evident in its distinct interpretive approaches, as well as in its innovative rituals, especially facedown immersion baptism. Along with various influences of the Pentecostal tradition and the Chinese social context, these hermeneutics were an important reason for the TJC’s development as an independent denomination in the Republican era. Keywords: True Jesus Church; the Bible; charismatic experience; Republican Era; Christianity 1. Introduction During the Republican Era of China, the True Jesus Church (zhen yesu jiaohui 真6#Y会) was a significant Chinese Pentecostal/charismatic church. -
The Impact of Healing on the Growth of Christianity in Asia: an Empirical Investigation
Spiritus: ORU Journal of Theology Volume 4 Number 2 Healing Article 9 2019 The Impact of Healing on the Growth of Christianity in Asia: An Empirical Investigation Julie Ma Oral Roberts University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalshowcase.oru.edu/spiritus Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, Christian Denominations and Sects Commons, Christianity Commons, Comparative Methodologies and Theories Commons, Ethics in Religion Commons, History of Christianity Commons, History of Religions of Western Origin Commons, Liturgy and Worship Commons, Missions and World Christianity Commons, New Religious Movements Commons, Practical Theology Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Ma, Julie (2019) "The Impact of Healing on the Growth of Christianity in Asia: An Empirical Investigation," Spiritus: ORU Journal of Theology: Vol. 4 : No. 2 , Article 9. Available at: https://digitalshowcase.oru.edu/spiritus/vol4/iss2/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Theology & Ministry at Digital Showcase. It has been accepted for inclusion in Spiritus: ORU Journal of Theology by an authorized editor of Digital Showcase. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 282 The Impact of Healing on the Growth of Christianity in Asia: An Empirical Investigation Spiritus 4.2 (2019) 283–296 Julie Ma http://digitalshowcase.oru.edu/spiritus/ © The Author(s) 2019 Reprints and Permissions: [email protected] Keywords healing, missions, evangelism, Asian Pentecostalism, miracles Abstract This article explores the role healing has played in the expansion of Christianity throughout Asia. It documents stories from various regions of Asia to demonstrate that healing is an effective method for evangelism. -
CHAPTER TWO Miraculous Christianity and Grassroots Practice in the Republican Era Introduction This Chapter Explores the Larger
CHAPTER TWO Miraculous Christianity and Grassroots Practice in the Republican Era Introduction This chapter explores the larger world of Chinese Christianity in which the True Jesus Church existed and argues that the miracle-centered interpretation of Christianity was not peculiar to the True Jesus Church but was in fact present within the mainstream of Christianity in the first half of the twentieth century. This argument further dispels the implication found within what I call the “continuity approach”: the tendency of existing scholarship on the True Jesus Church to argue that the True Jesus Church’s affinity to miraculous modes in the Chinese popular religious tradition historically set it apart from other, supposedly more orthodox, forms of Christianity. The miraculous mode of Christianity was not isolated within the True Jesus Church. During the Republican era, it was a central feature of mainstream Chinese Christianity. This finding reinforces the notion that we must find alternate interpretations for Chinese Christian movements like the True Jesus Church that go beyond continuity with Chinese popular religion and socioeconomic deprivation as ways to explain certain facets of the history of Christianity in China, such as the existence of beliefs and practices like particularistic protection, healing, visions, exorcism, ecstatic worship, and glossolalia. The significance of this miraculous mode of Christianity, widespread throughout Chinese churches during the first half of the twentieth century, lies not just in the way in which Christians appealed to Biblical precedent while simultaneously addressing the native religious environment, but also in the way in which believers’ egalitarian perspective on access to divine power upset traditional ecclesiastical and gender hierarchies. -
Charismatic Christianity in Finland, Norway, and Sweden Case Studies in Historical and Contemporary Developments
PALGRAVE STUDIES IN NEW RELIGIONS AND ALTERNATIVE SPIRITUALITIES CHARISMATIC CHRISTIANITY IN FINLAND, NORWAY, AND SWEDEN CASE STUDIES IN HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENTS EDITED BY JESSICA MOBERG AND JANE SKJOLDLI Palgrave Studies in New Religions and Alternative Spiritualities Series editors James R. Lewis University of Tromso – The Arctic University Tromso, Norway Henrik Bogdan University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden Palgrave Studies in New Religions and Alternative Spiritualities is an inter- disciplinary monograph and edited collection series sponsored by the International Society for the Study of New Religions. The series is devoted to research on New Religious Movements. In addition to the usual groups studied under the New Religions label, the series publishes books on such phenomena as the New Age, communal & utopian groups, Spiritualism, New Thought, Holistic Medicine, Western esotericism, Contemporary Paganism, astrology, UFO groups, and new movements within traditional religions. The Society considers submissions from researchers in any discipline. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/series/14608 Jessica Moberg • Jane Skjoldli Editors Charismatic Christianity in Finland, Norway, and Sweden Case Studies in Historical and Contemporary Developments Editors Jessica Moberg Jane Skjoldli University of Gothenburg University of Bergen, Norway Gothenburg, Sweden Bergen, Norway Palgrave Studies in New Religions and Alternative Spiritualities ISBN 978-3-319-69613-3 ISBN 978-3-319-69614-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69614-0 -
THE AZUSA STREET MISSION and REVIVAL, the Birth of the Global
The Azusa Street Mission And Revival THE AZUSA STREET MISSION AND REVIVAL The Birth of the Global Pentecostal Movement CECIL M. ROBECK JB. The Azusa Street Mission And Revival NELSON REFERENCE & ELECTRONIC A Division of Thomas Nelson Publishers Since 1798 www.thomasneIson.com The Azusa Street Mission and Revival: The Birth of the Global Pentecostal Movement Copyright © 2006 by Cecil M. Robeck, Jr. Published in Nashville, Tennessee, by Thomas Nelson, Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means—electronic, mechanical, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in critical reviews or articles, without the prior permission of the publisher. Scripture references are from the Holy Bible, King James Version. Portions of the Afterword were originally published as Cecil M. Robeck, Jr, "Reflections on the Role of Revival." The Church of God Evangel 91:11 (November 2001), 28-30. The author wishes to thank The Church of God Evangel for permission to reprint them here. Illustrations on the following pages are from the personal collection of Cecil M. Robeck, Jr., 28, 32, 37, 45, 47, 51, 54, 55, 58, 61, 64, 79, 90, 97,113,120,122,134,170,172,191, 193,194,199, 201, 202, 211, 205, 228, 251, 257, 263, 265, 308. Illustrations reproduced by the kind permission of the following institutions and persons: Apostolic Faith Mission, Portland, Oregon, 215; Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa, 274; Esther Brinkley, 273; Flower Pentecostal Heritage Center, 36, 42, 44, 68, 71,100,110,130,192, 203, 206, 220, 226, 232, 233; International Pentecostal Holiness Church Archives and Research Center, 217; Maxine Van Dyke, 264; and The Miriam Matthews Collection, 70.