DOCSLIB.ORG

Study on Systematic and Taxonomic of Anguilliformes Order in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea's Iranian Waters

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Study on Systematic and Taxonomic of Anguilliformes Order in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea's Iranian Waters ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺷﯿﻼت ﺳﺎل دوم، ﺷﻤﺎره ﺳﻮم، ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ87 ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ردهﺑﻨﺪی و ﺑﺎز ﻧﮕﺮی ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮنﻫﺎی راﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺷﮑﻼن در آﺑﻬﺎی اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس و درﯾﺎی ﻋﻤﺎن * ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﮐﺎﻇﻤﯿﺎن1، ﻓﺮﯾﺪون ﻋﻮﻓﯽ2 و ﺣﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﺒﺎﺳﯽﻗﺎدﯾﮑﻼﯾﯽ3 1اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ ﺷﯿﻼت داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزی و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺗﻬﺮان، 2ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﯿﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺷﯿﻼت اﯾﺮان، ﺗﻬﺮان، 3داﻧﺶآﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽارﺷﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت Email: Info_ m _k@ yahoo.com ﭼﮑﯿﺪه راﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽﺷﮑﻼن (Anguilliformes) از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد درآبﻫﺎی ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس و درﯾﺎی ﻋﻤﺎن ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽروﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از آﻧﻬﺎ دارای ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎی زﯾﻨﺘﯽ و ارزش ﺧﻮراﮐﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮی ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ و ﻧﻮاﻗﺺ ردهﺑﻨﺪی آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﺪت ﯾﮑﺴﺎل از ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﺎﺑﻬﺎر، ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ، ﺑﻨﺪرﻋﺒﺎس، ﺑﻨﺪرﻟﻨﮕﻪ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﻮزهﻫﺎ، ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ و ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺟﻤﻊآوری ﺷﺪ و ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﯽﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﻣﯿﺎن 27 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ 10 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادهﻫﺎی ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺑﺰرگ آب ﺷﻮر (Congridae)، ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن درﻧﺪه درﯾﺎﯾﯽ (Muraenesocidae)، ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن رﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻮاری (Muraenidae)، ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺣﻔﺎر (Ophichthidae)، ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺳﺎﮐﻦ آﺑﻬﺎی ﻋﻤﯿﻖ (Nettastomatidae) و ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺣﻠﻖﺑﺮﯾﺪه (Synaphobranchidae) ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪای را در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ دارا ﺑﻮده و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی Pseudoxenomystax. Albeacens (ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ)، Muraenesox bagio (ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺗﯿﺰدﻧﺪان ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ)، Congeresox talabon (ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻮری ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ)،Congeresox talabonoides (ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻮری ﻫﻨﺪی)، lohnsoni Gymnothorax (ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻮری)، Gymnothorax kidako (ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻮری ﻗﻬﻮهای)، Strophidon sathete (ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻮری ﺑﺰرگ)، Rhinomuraena questathete (ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻮری ﻧﻮاری)، Hoplunnis diomedianus (ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ دمﺳﯿﺎه) و Synaphobranchus affinis (ﻣﻮری ﺧﺎﮐﺴﺘﺮی ﺣﻠﻖ ﺑﺮﯾﺪه) ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان اوﻟﯿﻦ ﮔﺰارش از آبﻫﺎی اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس و درﯾﺎی ﻋﻤﺎن ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. واژهﻫﺎی ﮐﻠﯿﺪی: ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮی ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ، ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس، درﯾﺎی ﻋﻤﺎن، ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺷﮑﻼن ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. از آﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺟﺰء ﻣﺼﺮفﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن در ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﺎ راﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺷﮑﻼن ﺑﻪﺧﺎﻃﺮ اﺑﻬﺎم در ﺗﺮازﻫﺎی ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪای ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، در ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺣﻠﯿﺖ آن ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺼﺮف ﻗﺮار ﻧﻤﯽﮔﯿﺮد و ﺑﻌﻨﻮان آﺑﺰی ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ اﯾﻔﺎ ﮐﺮده و ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺧﻮراﮐﯽ در ﻧﻈﺎم ﺻﯿﺪ و ﺻﯿﺎدی و از ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات ﮐﻨﺘﺮلﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎی آﺑﺰﯾﺎن ﯾﺎد ﮐﺮد. ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداری از آﺑﺰﯾﺎن ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎی ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪﻋﻠﺖ ﻋﺪم ﻣﺼﺮف ﮔﻮﺷﺖ اﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوه از آﺑﺰﯾﺎن و دﻗﯿﻖ ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ آن دﭼﺎر ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻄﻮر ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﺎزار ﭘﺴﻨﺪی در ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﺎ ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی آن ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ارزش اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی در ﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺑﺎ ارزش و ﺗﺠﺎری ﻣﻮرد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻗﺮار ﺑﺮای آﻧﻬﺎ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﺿﻤﻦ در ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺷﯿﻼت، ﺳﺎل دوم، ﺷﻤﺎره ﺳﻮم، ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ 87 ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﮐﺎﻇﻤﯿﺎن و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎی ژاﭘﻦ، ﭼﯿﻦ و آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن از ﺑﺎزار ﻣﺼﺮف ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺪن، ﺣﻀﻮر ﯾﺎ ﻏﯿﺎب ﺑﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎ، ﻣﺤﻞ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻪ، ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮدارﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﻼوه ارزش ﻣﺼﺮف داروﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ دارﻧﺪ ﻣﺤﻞ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار و ﻧﻮع ﺣﻔﺮه ﺑﯿﻨﯽ و ﺷﮑﺎف آﺑﺸﺸﯽ، ﺗﻌﺪاد (Fish base) و ﺑﺮای ﮔﺎمﻫﺎی ﺑﻌﺪی ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻬﺮهﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺟﻮد درﺳﺘﻮن ﻣﻬﺮه از وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت دﻗﯿﻘﯽ در ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ و ﺑﯿﺎن ﺗﻨﻮع زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪای راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژی و ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژی اﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن در دﺳﺖ داﺷﺖ ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻣﻮﺛﺮ واﻗﻊ ﺷﻮد (6). ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﯾﮏ ﮔﺎم ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮای ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﻌﺪی ﻣﺤﻘﻘﯿﻦ ﺷﺪه در آﺑﻬﺎی ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس و درﯾﺎی ﻋﻤﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎر ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪ ﺑ ﻪﺷﻤﺎر آﯾﺪ. در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اوﻟﯿﻪ و دوره ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻧﻤﻮد: دوره اول ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ 216 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ ار اﯾﻦ ﻻزم ﺑﺮای ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ درﺳﺘﯽ از ﻣﯿﺎن ﭘﻨﺞ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺳﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ و ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ آن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد زﻧﺪه در دﺳﺖ داﺷﺖ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ دارد (8)، دوره دوم ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ 465 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎی ﺟﻨﺴﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ و ﻫﻤﺎوری ﻣﻮﻟﺪﯾﻦ را ﺑﺮ 244 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺠﺎرﺗﯽ ﺟﻤﻊ آوری ﺷﺪه و 221 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﺎر وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﻣﻄﻠﻮب زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮد (5). راﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده؛ دو ﺟﻨﺲ و دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺷﮑﻼن ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮﭼﻬﺎر زﯾﺮ رده، 18 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ آﺑﻬﺎی ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس و درﯾﺎی ﻋﻤﺎن (16 140ﺟﻨﺲ و ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ500 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در آﺑﻬﺎی اﯾﺮان و 17) و در ﺳﺎل 1972 ﮐﺘﺎب ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﮐﻮﯾﺖ از ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻧﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده زﯾﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ: آﺑﻬﺎی ﮐﻮﯾﺖ و درﯾﺎی ﻋﻤﺎن ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ رﺳﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ درآن 131 ,(Anguillidae, Mastacembelidae (Echelidae ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ آﺑﻬﺎی ﮐﻮﯾﺖ و درﯾﺎی ﻋﻤﺎن ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪه و Congridae, Muraenesocidae, Muraenide, ,Nettastomatidae, Ophichthidae, Ophididae ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺳﺎل 1968 ﺑﺎز Synaphobranchidae ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد (17). در ﺳﺎل 1977-1978 ﻫﺸﺖ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده از اﯾﻦ ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺳﺎﮐﻦ ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎی آب ﺷﻮر ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس و درﯾﺎی ﻋﻤﺎن اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ راﻫﻨﻤﺎی ﻣﺼﻮر و درﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس و درﯾﺎی ﻋﻤﺎن ﺑﻮده و دو ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺗﺠﺎری آﺑﻬﺎی ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس ازﺳﻮی FAO ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ (Anguillidae) ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ و ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺑﯽﺑﺎﻟﻪ 82 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در آن ﺳﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ و ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ (Echelidae) ﺳﯿﻨﻪای ﺳﺎﮐﻦ آب ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺳﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (14). دوره ﺳﻮم اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﺧﺎص در ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی درﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ380 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺗﻨﻬﺎ در ﺣﺪ ﺧﻠﯿﺞﻓﺎرس و درﯾﺎی ﻋﻤﺎن ﺑﺤﺚ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﮐﺮد (6). ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﻫﻔﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺷﮑﻼن ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻣﺎرﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﻃﻮﯾﻞ و ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (13). ﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﯿﻨﻪای و ﻣﺨﺮﺟﯽ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻫﯽ دارﻧﺪ و ﺣﺘﯽ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ Bianchi (1995) ﮐﺘﺎب ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻮارد ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﯿﻨﻪای و ﻣﺨﺮﺟﯽ دﯾﺪه ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮد. َﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﺑﺎﻟﻪ آبﻫﺎی ﻟﺐ ﺷﻮر ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن را ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮن ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ًﭘﺸﺘﯽ ﻃﻮﯾﻞ ﺑﻮده و در اﻣﺘﺪاد ﺑﺎﻟﻪ دﻣﯽ ﻗﺮاردارد، ﺑﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس و درﯾﺎی ﻋﻤﺎن ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ دارد و در دارای اﺷﻌﻪ ﻧﺮم ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوه از ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺷﮑﺎف آﺑﺸﺸﯽ آن ﺳﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، ﺷﺶ ﺟﻨﺲ و ﺷﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﯾﺎ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺷﮑﺎف در ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (10). ﻗﺴﻤﺖ زﯾﺮﯾﻦ و ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ ﺳﺮ دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. از دﯾﮕﺮ Al-Abdessalam و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺳﺎل 1995 دو وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی اﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺪان ﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﺷﮑﻤﯽ، اﺷﻌﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده از ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن را در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺟﻨﺲ و ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺳﺨﺖ (ﺧﺎر) در ﺑﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎ و ﻓﻠﺲ اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد. اﮔﺮ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ (7). در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺳﺎل Randall و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ﮐﺘﺎب ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ دارای ﻓﻠﺲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﻓﻠﺲ از ﻧﻮع داﯾﺮهای، ﮐﻮﭼﮏ و 1 ﻣﺼﻮر دﯾﮕﺮی را ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان "ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﻋﻤﺎن" زﯾﺮ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن اﻏﻠﺐ ﺳﺎده ﻧﺒﻮده، 1- Coastal Fishes of Oman ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺷﯿﻼت، ﺳﺎل دوم، ﺷﻤﺎره ﺳﻮم، ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ 87 ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ردهﺑﻨﺪی و ﺑﺎز ﻧﮕﺮی ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮنﻫﺎی... را ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، 14 ﺟﻨﺲ و 26 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از د) ﮐﻤﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاری ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ و ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ (Carpenter .(19 و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران زﯾﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺻﯿﺪ و ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺳﺎل 1997 ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، دو ﺟﻨﺲ و دو ﺟﻤﻊآوری ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﻮزهای1 در آﯾﻨﺪ. ﻟﺬا ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﯾﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن (11) و در ﮐﺘﺎب ﻣﺼﻮر "ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ زﻧﺪه ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺸﮑﻼت و ﻣﺴﺎﯾﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد، ﺑﺎ اﺟﺮای اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮوژه درﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻮﯾﺖ، ﺷﺮق ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺳﻌﻮدی، ﺑﺤﺮﯾﻦ، ﻗﻄﺮ و ﮐﻪ در ﻧﻮع ﺧﻮد اوﻟﯿﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢ و ﺑﺪﯾﻊ را اﻣﺎرات ﻣﺘﺤﺪه ﻋﺮﺑﯽ"، 577 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺠﺎری و ﻏﯿﺮﺗﺠﺎری از ﺟﻤﻊآوری ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ، زواﯾﺎی ﻣﺒﻬﻢ ردهﺑﻨﺪی ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن را ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن را در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، ﻫﻔﺖ ﺟﻨﺲ و ﻫﺸﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ آﺷﮑﺎر ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد. ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ (12). در دوره ﭼﻬﺎرم "ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس و ﻫـ) ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ردهﺑﻨﺪی و اﺻﻼح و ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮی درﯾﺎی ﻋﻤﺎن" ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ 206 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 77 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﮐﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻟﮕﻮی اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن دو ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، ﺳﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ و ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن و ﺗﻨﻮع زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎی ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽـ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ و اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ دارد (1). ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ، ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮏ، ﺷﮑﻼن ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس و درﯾﺎی ﻋﻤﺎن ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﺌﻮریﻫﺎی اﺻﻼح و ردهﺑﻨﺪی ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﯽ ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس و درﯾﺎی ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﺎﻧﻮری و ردهﺑﻨﺪی ”Linnae“ و”Mayer” ﻋﻤﺎن ﻣﻮزه ﻣﻠﯽ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﯾﺮان ـ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو (5). ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، دوﺟﻨﺲ و دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ اﺳﺖ (3). و) ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻣﺎﻫﯽﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰی و در ﮐﺘﺎب ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن زﯾﻨﺘﯽ ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس، 990 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ زﯾﻨﺘﯽ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺷﯿﻼﺗﯽ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان و ﺧﺎص ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ آب ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎی ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس ذﺧﺎﯾﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ از ﯾﮏ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺎص و ﯾﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﮏ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، ﯾﮏ ﺟﻨﺲ و ﯾﮏ ﮔﻮﻧﻪای، ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ و ﺑﯿﻤﺎریﻫﺎی آﺑﺰﯾﺎن از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯿﺰﺑﺎنﻫﺎی ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ (4). ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎرﮔﺎﻫﯽ (1383) ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ اﻧﮕﻞﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻤﺎریزا در ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎی ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ، ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮏ، اﺻﻼح و ردهﺑﻨﺪی ﺑﺎدﮐﻨﮏ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ. ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس و درﯾﺎی ﻋﻤﺎن را ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ ز) ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ وﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮن ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ (2). ﺷﮑﻼن ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰی در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺗﻨﻮع اﻣﺎ آﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ اﺳﺖ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﺑﻮﻣﯽ2 و ﯾﺎ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮑﯽ ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن در اﯾﺮان ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ3 و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﺶ و اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف اﺳﺖ، ﻟﺬا اﻫﻤﯿﺖ و ﻫﺪف ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه را ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎت ذﺧﺎﯾﺮ و ﯾﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﮔﻮﻧﻪای (ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻄﺮح ﻧﻤﻮد: ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪای) ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و اﻟﻒ) ﮐﻤﺒﻮد اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮏ درﺑﺎره اﺟﺰای ﺗﻨﻮع اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ (ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ) ﮐﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ از اﯾﻦ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ اﯾﻦ رده از ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن در ﺑﺴﯿﺎری از ﻧﻘﺎط ﺟﻬﺎن. ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺮوژه، ﺑﻪ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺷﯿﻼت و ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ب) ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزی در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ زﯾﺴﺖ اراﺋﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺟﻊ، ﺑﺎﻧﮏﻫﺎی اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ و ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎی اﻫﺪاف ﮐﻨﻮاﻧﺴﯿﻮن ﺗﻨﻮع زﯾﺴﺘﯽ در ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺑﻮﯾﮋه در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎی در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ. ج) ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎی ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﺎرﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺷﮑﻼن در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻠﯽ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪای 1- Curate 2- Endemic 3- Endangered species ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺷﯿﻼت، ﺳﺎل دوم، ﺷﻤﺎره ﺳﻮم، ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ 87 ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﮐﺎﻇﻤﯿﺎن و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﺷﻬﺮﯾﻮر ﺳﺎل 1386 ﺗﺎ ﺷﻬﺮﯾﻮر ﺳﺎل اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه در ﻓﺮمﻫﺎی 1387 ﺑﺮ روی ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﺟﻤﻊ آوری و ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه ﻃﯽ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص (ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ) ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی 1384-1355 در ﻣﺤﺪوده آﺑﻬﺎی اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اوﻟﯿﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ در ﺣﺪ ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮن ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻓﺎرس و درﯾﺎی ﻋﻤﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pacific Plate Biogeography, with Special Reference to Shorefishes
    Pacific Plate Biogeography, with Special Reference to Shorefishes VICTOR G. SPRINGER m SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 367 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoo/ogy Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world cf science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of Angry Worm Eel Skythrenchelys Zabra (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from the East Coast of India
    Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol. 48 (04), April 2019, pp. 413-415 First record of angry worm eel Skythrenchelys zabra (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from the east coast of India Anil Mohapatra1*, Dipanjan Ray2, Swarup R. Mohanty1, Subhrendu Sekhar Mishra3, & Rajeeb K. Mohanty4 1Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Gopalpur-on-Sea, Ganjam, Odisha 2Bajkul Milani Mahavidyalaya, Kismat Bajkul, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India 3Marine Fish Section, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India 4Indian Institute of Water Management (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India *[E-mail: [email protected]] Received 09 November 2017; revised 25 April 2018 Skythrenchelys zabra (Castle and McCosker, 1999) a species belonging to the family Ophichthidae is reported for the first time from the east coast of India on the basis of 11 specimens collected from various fishing harbours along the West Bengal, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh coasts. The species was first described from south-west coast of India in the Arabian Sea. The present report extends the range of distribution of the species to the Bay of Bengal along the east coast of India. [Keywords: Myrophinae; Range extension; New record; Bay of Bengal] Introduction report from the Bay of Bengal filling the gap in The family Ophichthidae (Teleostei: Anguilliformes) its distribution. comprises 337 valid species of which 69 species are in the sub-family Myrophinae and 268 species in Materials and Methods Ophichthinae1. The Myrophinae contains 15 genera2, During the collection of anguilliform fishes along 6 with a moderately developed pectoral fin and 3 with the east coast of India for study of their diversity, four the pectoral fin reduced to a minute flap.
    [Show full text]
  • Dipanjan RAY 1, Anil MOHAPATRA 1*, Sudeepta BISWAS 2, Kamala K. SATPATHY 2, and Subhrendu S. MISHRA3
    ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA (2015) 45 (1): 89–93 DOI: 10.3750/AIP2015.45.1.10 FIRST RECORD OF THE EVERMANN’S SNAKE EEL, OPHICHTHUS LITHINUS (ACTINOPTERYGII: ANGUILLIFORMES: OPHICHTHIDAE), FROM NORTHERN INDIAN OCEAN Dipanjan RAY 1, Anil MOHAPATRA 1* , Sudeepta BISWAS 2, Kamala K. SATPATHY 2, and Subhrendu S. MISHRA 3 1 Marine Aquarium and Regional Center, Zoological Survey of India, Digha, West Bengal, India 2 EnSD, RSEG, EIRSG, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Marine Fish Section, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India Ray D., Mohapatra A., Biswas S., Satpathy K.K., Mishra S.S. 2015. First record of the Evermann’s snake eel, Ophichthus lithinus (Actinopterygii: Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), from northern Indian Ocean. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 45 (1): 89–93 . Abstract. A little known species of snake eel, Ophichthus lithinus (Jordan et Richardson, 1908), is reported for the first time from the east coast of India, Bay of Bengal based on two specimens 632 and 720 mm in total length, collected respectively at Digha, West Bengal and Kalpakam, Tamil Nadu, India. This is the first attempt to pro - vide a detailed description of the species from the Indian Ocean. The presently reported findings constitute an extension of the known distributional range of this species from the Western Pacific to the eastern coast of India . Keywords: new record, fish, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, India, Bay of Bengal The fishes of the family Ophichthidae, commonly pling), nocturnal activity, and a specific habitat preference known as snake eels and worm eels, comprise 59 genera, of (Castle and McCosker 1999). which 45 are belonging to the subfamily Ophichthinae (tail The aim of this study was to describe the morpholog - tip hard, pointed and finless) (McCosker 1998, 1999, 2007) ical characteristics of a rare snake eel species—the and 14 to the subfamily Myrophinae (tail tip flexible and Evermann’s snake eel, Ophichthus lithinus (Jordan et confluent with dorsal and anal fins) (McCosker et al.
    [Show full text]
  • FAMILY Ophichthidae Gunther, 1870
    FAMILY Ophichthidae Gunther, 1870 - snake eels and worm eels SUBFAMILY Myrophinae Kaup, 1856 - worm eels [=Neenchelidae, Aoteaidae, Muraenichthyidae, Benthenchelyini] Notes: Myrophinae Kaup, 1856a:53 [ref. 2572] (subfamily) Myrophis [also Kaup 1856b:29 [ref. 2573]] Neenchelidae Bamber, 1915:478 [ref. 172] (family) Neenchelys [corrected to Neenchelyidae by Jordan 1923a:133 [ref. 2421], confirmed by Fowler 1934b:163 [ref. 32669], by Myers & Storey 1956:21 [ref. 32831] and by Greenwood, Rosen, Weitzman & Myers 1966:393 [ref. 26856]] Aoteaidae Phillipps, 1926:533 [ref. 6447] (family) Aotea [Gosline 1971:124 [ref. 26857] used Aotidae; family name sometimes seen as Aoteidae or Aoteridae] Muraenichthyidae Whitley, 1955b:110 [ref. 4722] (family) Muraenichthys [name only, used as valid before 2000?; not available] Benthenchelyini McCosker, 1977:13, 57 [ref. 6836] (tribe) Benthenchelys GENUS Ahlia Jordan & Davis, 1891 - worm eels [=Ahlia Jordan [D. S.] & Davis [B. M.], 1891:639] Notes: [ref. 2437]. Fem. Myrophis egmontis Jordan, 1884. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Ahlia Jordan & Davis, 1891 -- (McCosker et al. 1989:272 [ref. 13288], McCosker 2003:732 [ref. 26993], McCosker et al. 2012:1191 [ref. 32371]). Current status: Valid as Ahlia Jordan & Davis, 1891. Ophichthidae: Myrophinae. Species Ahlia egmontis (Jordan, 1884) - key worm eel [=Myrophis egmontis Jordan [D. S.], 1884:44, Leptocephalus crenatus Strömman [P. H.], 1896:32, Pl. 3 (figs. 4-5), Leptocephalus hexastigma Regan [C. T.] 1916:141, Pl. 7 (fig. 6), Leptocephalus humilis Strömman [P. H.], 1896:29, Pl. 2 (figs. 7-9), Myrophis macrophthalmus Parr [A. E.], 1930:10, Fig. 1 (bottom), Myrophis microps Parr [A. E.], 1930:11, Fig. 1 (top)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    06_250317 part1-3.qxd 12/13/05 7:32 PM Page 15 Phylum Chordata Chordates are placed in the superphylum Deuterostomia. The possible rela- tionships of the chordates and deuterostomes to other metazoans are dis- cussed in Halanych (2004). He restricts the taxon of deuterostomes to the chordates and their proposed immediate sister group, a taxon comprising the hemichordates, echinoderms, and the wormlike Xenoturbella. The phylum Chordata has been used by most recent workers to encompass members of the subphyla Urochordata (tunicates or sea-squirts), Cephalochordata (lancelets), and Craniata (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). The Cephalochordata and Craniata form a mono- phyletic group (e.g., Cameron et al., 2000; Halanych, 2004). Much disagree- ment exists concerning the interrelationships and classification of the Chordata, and the inclusion of the urochordates as sister to the cephalochor- dates and craniates is not as broadly held as the sister-group relationship of cephalochordates and craniates (Halanych, 2004). Many excitingCOPYRIGHTED fossil finds in recent years MATERIAL reveal what the first fishes may have looked like, and these finds push the fossil record of fishes back into the early Cambrian, far further back than previously known. There is still much difference of opinion on the phylogenetic position of these new Cambrian species, and many new discoveries and changes in early fish systematics may be expected over the next decade. As noted by Halanych (2004), D.-G. (D.) Shu and collaborators have discovered fossil ascidians (e.g., Cheungkongella), cephalochordate-like yunnanozoans (Haikouella and Yunnanozoon), and jaw- less craniates (Myllokunmingia, and its junior synonym Haikouichthys) over the 15 06_250317 part1-3.qxd 12/13/05 7:32 PM Page 16 16 Fishes of the World last few years that push the origins of these three major taxa at least into the Lower Cambrian (approximately 530–540 million years ago).
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study on the Visual Adaptations of Four Species Of
    Vision Research 51 (2011) 1099–1108 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Vision Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/visres A comparative study on the visual adaptations of four species of moray eel ⇑ Feng Yu Wang a,b,1, Meng Yun Tang a,1, Hong Young Yan a, a Sensory Biology Laboratory, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Jiaoshi, I-Lan County 26242, Taiwan b Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, Taipei 10622, Taiwan article info abstract Article history: The goal of this study was to investigate how the eyes of different species of moray eel evolved to cope Received 18 November 2010 with limitations to vision imposed on them by the photic environments in which they reside. The com- Received in revised form 22 February 2011 parative retinal histological structures and visual pigment characteristics including opsin gene sequences, Available online 6 March 2011 of four species of moray eel inhabiting diverse habitats (i.e., shallow-water species, Rhinomuraena quae- sita and Gymnothorax favagineus, and deep-sea species, Gymnothorax reticularis and Strophidon sathete) Keywords: were examined. The histological sections showed that retinal layer structures of R. quaestia are signifi- Moray eel cantly different from those of the other three species which likely reflects the effects of distribution depth Microspectrophotometry (MSP) on the structures. The maximal absorbance wavelength (kmax) of photoreceptor cells, as measured by kmax Visual characteristics microspectrophotometry (MSP), showed a close correlation between the kmax and the intensity/spectral Opsin gene quality of the light environment where each species lives. The spectra-shift, between shallow and deep- sea species, observed in the rods cells results from amino acid substitution in Rh1 gene, while that in cones most likely results from differential expression of multiple Rh2 genes.
    [Show full text]
  • Training Manual Series No.15/2018
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CMFRI Digital Repository DBTR-H D Indian Council of Agricultural Research Ministry of Science and Technology Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Department of Biotechnology CMFRI Training Manual Series No.15/2018 Training Manual In the frame work of the project: DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 2015-18 Training Manual In the frame work of the project: DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 2015-18 Training Manual This is a limited edition of the CMFRI Training Manual provided to participants of the “DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals” organized by the Marine Biotechnology Division of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), from 2nd February 2015 - 31st March 2018. Principal Investigator Dr. P. Vijayagopal Compiled & Edited by Dr. P. Vijayagopal Dr. Reynold Peter Assisted by Aditya Prabhakar Swetha Dhamodharan P V ISBN 978-93-82263-24-1 CMFRI Training Manual Series No.15/2018 Published by Dr A Gopalakrishnan Director, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI) Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute PB.No:1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi-682018, India. 2 Foreword Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Kochi along with CIFE, Mumbai and CIFA, Bhubaneswar within the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and Department of Biotechnology of Government of India organized a series of training programs entitled “DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals”.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal Threatened
    Journal ofThreatened JoTT TBuilding evidenceaxa for conservation globally 10.11609/jott.2020.12.1.15091-15218 www.threatenedtaxa.org 26 January 2020 (Online & Print) Vol. 12 | No. 1 | 15091–15218 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS ISSN 0974-7907 (Online); ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Publisher Host Wildlife Information Liaison Development Society Zoo Outreach Organization www.wild.zooreach.org www.zooreach.org No. 12, Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti - Kalapatti Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Ph: +91 9385339863 | www.threatenedtaxa.org Email: [email protected] EDITORS English Editors Mrs. Mira Bhojwani, Pune, India Founder & Chief Editor Dr. Fred Pluthero, Toronto, Canada Dr. Sanjay Molur Mr. P. Ilangovan, Chennai, India Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Society & Zoo Outreach Organization (ZOO), 12 Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, Web Design India Mrs. Latha G. Ravikumar, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, India Deputy Chief Editor Typesetting Dr. Neelesh Dahanukar Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra, India Mr. Arul Jagadish, ZOO, Coimbatore, India Mrs. Radhika, ZOO, Coimbatore, India Managing Editor Mrs. Geetha, ZOO, Coimbatore India Mr. B. Ravichandran, WILD/ZOO, Coimbatore, India Mr. Ravindran, ZOO, Coimbatore India Associate Editors Fundraising/Communications Dr. B.A. Daniel, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Mrs. Payal B. Molur, Coimbatore, India Dr. Mandar Paingankar, Department of Zoology, Government Science College Gadchiroli, Chamorshi Road, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra 442605, India Dr. Ulrike Streicher, Wildlife Veterinarian, Eugene, Oregon, USA Editors/Reviewers Ms. Priyanka Iyer, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Subject Editors 2016–2018 Fungi Editorial Board Ms. Sally Walker Dr. B. Shivaraju, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Founder/Secretary, ZOO, Coimbatore, India Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) John E
    Zoological Studies 51(7): 1188-1194 (2012) Pylorobranchus hoi, a New Genus and Species of Myrophine Worm-Eel from Taiwan (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) John E. McCosker1, Kar-Hoe Loh2, James Lin3, and Hong-Ming Chen3,4,* 1California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA 2Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia 3Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan 4Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan (Accepted April 6, 2012) John E. McCosker, Kar-Hoe Loh, James Lin, and Hong-Ming Chen (2013) Pylorobranchus hoi, a new genus and species of myrophine worm-eel from Taiwan (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae). Zoological Studies 51(7): 1188-1194. Pylorobranchus gen. nov. McCosker and Chen is described. It differs from other genera of myrophin ophichthids by possessing a fleshy epidermal lappet in advance of the gill opening, and in the condition of its elevated posterior nostril location, elongated jaws and dentition, its laterally compressed body, and elevated median fins. Pylorobranchus hoi sp. nov. McCosker, Loh and Lin, the type species, is described from 3 specimens caught by hook-and-line off eastern Taiwan. A key to the genera of myrophine ophichthids is provided. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/51.7/1188.pdf Key words: Fish taxonomy, Ophichthidae, New genus, Pylorobranchus, New species. The capture and discovery of many new species to be described from Taiwan by Ho et fish species are often the result of the experience, al.). Most myrophin worm-eels and snake-eels knowledge, and enthusiasm of commercial are weak-bodied, small-toothed, shallow-water fishermen.
    [Show full text]
  • View/Download
    ANGUILLIFORMES (part 2) · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 27.0 - 12 April 2021 Order ANGUILLIFORMES (part 2 of 3) Family OPHICHTHIDAE Snake Eels and Worm Eels 66 genera/subgenera · 355 species Subfamily Ophichthinae Snake Eels Allips McCosker 1972 allos, another; ips, worm, i.e., a worm-shaped eel in addition to Evips, described in the same paper Allips concolor McCosker 1972 colored uniformly, referring to uniform brown color in isopropanol Aplatophis Böhlke 1956 aplatos, terrible or unapproachable, referring to fearsome appearance of large mouth and “extremely highly developed” dentition; ophis, snake, conventional termination for generic names of snake eels, referring to snake-like shape Aplatophis chauliodus Böhlke 1956 chaulios, referring to deep-sea genus Chauliodus (Stomiidae); odon, tooth, referring to prominent, tusky teeth that both genera feature Aplatophis zorro McCosker & Robertson 2001 “for the remarkable coloration of the pore pattern along the face, reminiscent of the slash mark of the swordsman Zorro” Aprognathodon Böhlke 1967 a-, without; pro-, in front of; gnathos, jaw; odon, tooth, referring to lack of anterior teeth in upper jaw Aprognathodon platyventris Böhlke 1967 platys, flat; ventralis, of the belly, referring to flattened pre-anal region Apterichtus Duméril 1806 a-, without, pteron, fin, referring to absence of fins; ichtus, variant spelling of ichthys, fish Apterichtus anguiformis (Peters 1877) Anguis, slow worm genus; formis, shape, referring to elongate, worm-like
    [Show full text]
  • A Descriptive and Comparative Neurocranium Morphology of Anguilliformes Fishes in Taiwan Waters
    Zootaxa 5023 (4): 509–536 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5023.4.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DDFD67EF-FF9E-45FB-B486-3D068605944F A descriptive and comparative neurocranium morphology of Anguilliformes fishes in Taiwan waters MARITES RAMOS-CASTRO1, KAR-HOE LOH2 & HONG-MING CHEN1,3* 1Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4265-3865 2Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8406-6485 3Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan *Corresponding author. �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3921-2022 Abstract Taiwan is one of the richest in the world in terms of eel fauna. In this study, we examined the osteological and morphological characteristics of eels under order Anguilliformes. Furthermore, we focused on the neurocranium of total of 30 Anguilliformes fishes under family Congridae (10), Muraenesocidae (1), Muraenidae (7), Nemichthyidae (1), Nettastomatidae (2), Ophichthidae (5), Synaphobranchidae (4), which are caught in Taiwanese waters. This paper shows the results of a comparative study on osteological characters of the neurocranium including the ratio of seven length characters using its NCL (neurocranium length), NCW (neurocranium width), OBL (orbit length), MFW (maximum frontal width), NCDB (neurocranium depth at basisphenoid), PEVW (premaxilla-ethmovomer width) and mPOBL (mid pre-orbital length), and 20 morphological diagnostic characters for 30 eel species.
    [Show full text]
  • Involving Snake Eels (Teleostei: Ophichthidae) in Commercially Important Black Jewfish Protonibea Diacanthus (Sciaenidae) and Other Teleost Species
    Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 62 Queensland Museum Network respectfully acknowledges the Traditional Owners and Custodians of the lands, seas and regions across the state of Queensland. © The State of Queensland, Queensland Museum 2020 PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Australia Phone 06 7 3840 7555 Fax 06 7 3846 1226 Email [email protected] Website www.qm.qld.gov.au National Library of Australia card number ISSN 0079-8835 Print ISSN 2204-1478 Online NOTE Papers published in this volume and in all previous volumes of the Memoirs of the Queensland Museum may be reproduced for scientific research, individual study or other educational purposes. Properly acknowledged quotations may be made but queries regarding the republication of any papers should be addressed to the Editor in Chief. Copies of the journal can be purchased from the Queensland Museum Shop. A Guide to Authors is displayed at the Queensland Museum web site www.qm.qld.gov.au A Queensland Government Project Typeset at the Queensland Museum Observations of ‘pseudoparasitism’ involving snake eels (Teleostei: Ophichthidae) in commercially important Black Jewfish Protonibea diacanthus (Sciaenidae) and other teleost species Barton, D.P. 1,2,6 Pogonoski, J.J.3 Appleyard, S.A.3 Johnson, J.W.4 Hammer, M.P.5 1. Fisheries Research, Northern Territory Department of Primary Industries & Resources, Berrimah NT; 2. Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT; 3. CSIRO National Research Collections, Australian National Fish Collection, GPO Box 1538 Hobart, Tas; 4. Ichthyology, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Qld; 5. Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, PO Box 4646, Darwin, NT; 6.
    [Show full text]