Research Article Varadarassou M M et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009, 2(10),1627-1628 ISSN: 0974-6943 Available online through http://jprsolutions.info Effect of Cansjera rheedii J. Gmelin () on diuretic activity in rats Varadarassou Mouttaya Mounnissamy*1, Subramanian Kavimani1, Gnanapragasam Sankari1,S. Dhayalamurthi1 Sabarimuthu Darlin Quine2, K. Subramani3 1College of Pharmacy, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences (MTPG&RIHS), (A Govt. of Puducherry Institution), Gorimedu, Indira Nagar, Puducherry-605 006. . 2School of Chemical and biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudhram,Thanjavour-613 412. Tamil Nadu, India. 3Department of Chemistry, Kanchi Mamunivar Centre for Post-Graduate Studies (KMCPGS), Lawspet, Puducherry-605 008, India. Received on: 20-05-2009; Accepted on:15-07-2009 ABSTRACT In the present study ethanol extract of Cansjera rheedii 250mg/kg, p.o. and 500mg/kg, p.o. were tested for diuretic activity in normal rats. The activity was compared with frusemide (10mg/kg, p.o.) as standard drug. Results revealed that both concentration of the extracts exhibited significant diuretic activity as evidenced by increased total volume of urine and urine concentration of Na+, K+ and Cl-. The result thus supports the use of C. rheedii as diuretic agent.

Keywords: Diuretic activity, Cansjera rheedii, Frusemide. INTRODUCTION Diuretics play an important role in situation of fluid over- were collected in and around Auroville, Puducherry in the month of load, like acute and chronic renal failure, hypercalciurea, cirrhosis of June 2006 and it was identified and authenticated by Auro Herbarium liver and also as an anti-hypertensive agent. A number of diuretics Sakthi Botanical Survey Department, Auroville. A voucher speciman like mannitol, thiazides, frusemide, ethacrinic acid are used in prac- has been kept in our laboratory for future reference (VS-12). The tice. Still there is a need for more effective and less toxic diuretic. aerial parts of the of Cansjera rheedii were cut into small pieces, Many indigenous drugs have been claimed to have diuretic effect in shade dried and powdered. The coarse powder was subjected to Ayurvedic system of medicine but they were not properly investi- continuous hot extraction in a soxhlet by using ethanol (95% V/V). gated. Among the several plants, Tribulus terrestris, Dendrophthoe The ethanol was removed by distillation under reduced pressure. falcate, Boerhaavia diffusa, Hormonia riparia have shown excellent This extract was dissolved in normal saline and used for the experi- diuretic activity [1]. In our earlier studies, we have reported diuretic ment. activity of Orthosiphon thymiflorus [2] and Azima tetracantha[3]. The presence study was taken up to evaluate diuretic activity of Animals aerial parts of ethanol extract of Cansjera rheedii J. Gmelin The study was conducted on Wister rats (100-160g) of both (Opiliaceae). sex were procured from Adhiparasakthi College of Pharmacy, Cansjera rheedii (Family:Opiliaceae) is a climbing shrub, Melmaruvathur, Chengalpet district, Tamil Nadu, South India. They sometimes armed, commonly known as Kalimanakeerai in Tamil is were fed on commercial diet (Hindustan Lever Ltd, Bangalore) and generally found in India through Malaya to Hong Kong and North water ad libitum. All the animals acclimatized for a week before use. [4-5]. The tribes of Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu, India using the The room temperature was maintained at 22 ± 2°C. The Institutional extract for the treatments of Post-natal pain [6] and Intermittent Animal Ethical Committee had approved the experimental protocol. fever [7]. The extract of Cansjera rheedii has been reported to have Acute Toxicity Study [15] hepatoprotective effect [8], Cytotoxic effect [9], Anthelminthic activ- Acute Toxicity study was performed according to organiza- ity [10], Anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing properties [11], tion for economic co-operation and development (OECD) guidelines Antipyretic activity [12] and Hypnotic activity [13]. Preliminary phy- 425. No adverse effect (or) mortality was detected in swiss albino tochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of C. rheedii reveals the mice up to 2g/kg, p.o, of the extract during the 24h observation pe- presence of saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds riod. and tannins [14]. The literature survey revealed that there are no Assessment of Diuretic activity: scientific studies carried out regarding diuretic activity on the aerial The method of Lipschitz et al [16] was employed for the parts of c.rheedii to substantiate its therapeutic claim. Hence in the evaluation of diuretic activity. The animals were divided into four present study the ethanol extract of aerial parts was examined for its groups (six in each) deprived of food and water for 18hrs prior to the diuretic property. experiment. On the day of experiment, the group I animals received MATERIALS AND METHODS normal saline (25ml/kg, p.o.). The group II animals received frusemide Collection of Plant Materials (10mg/kg, p.o.) the group III and IV animals received ethanol extract The aerial parts of the plant Cansjera rheedii (Opiliaceae) of C.rheedii (250mg/kg, p.o. & 500mg/kg, p.o.) respectively. Immedi- ately after the administration, the animals were kept in metabolic cages (two per cage) specially designed to separate urine and feacal matter *Corresponding author. and kept at room temperature. The total volume of urine was col- Tel.: + 91-9442288084 lected at the end of 24h. During this period no water and food was Telefax: +91-413-2220910 E-mail: [email protected] Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.2.Issue 9.October 2009 1627-1628 Varadarassou M M et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009, 2(10),1627-1628 Table- 1.Diuretic activity of ethanol extract of Cansjera rheedii J. Gmelin (Opiliaceae) Group Treatment Vol. of urine Sodium Potassium Chloride (n=6) (ml/24hrs) (meq/24hrs) (meq/24hrs) (meq/24hrs) I Control 4.4 ± 0.04 8.3 ± 0.33 23.8 ± 0.54 0.23 ± 0.040 (25ml/kg, p.o) II Frusemide 8.0 ± 0.05* 17.7 ± 0.62* 28.8 ± 0.19* 0.35 ± 0.081* (10mg/kg, p.o) III C.rheedii 8.4 ± 0.05* 19.5 ± 0.07* 32.3 ± 0.20* 0.43 ± 0.044* (250mg/kg, p.o) IV C.rheedii 9.4 ± 0.05* 26.5 ± 0.07* 55.3 ± 0.38* 0.58 ± 0.018* (500mg/kg, p.o)

Values are mean ± SEM, *p<0.001 when compared to control. laya Gupta, Diuretic activity of aqueous extract of Orthosiphon thymiflorus in rats, Indian J Pharm Sci, 1997, 59, 96-98. made available to the animals. The parameters accounted for ascer- 3. Senthamarai R, Kavimani S, Jaykar B, Jayalakshmi A, Jayasakthi S, taining the diuretic activity are total volume of urine and urine con- Sethuramani A, Diuretic activity of Azima tetracantha in rats, Indian centrations of Na+, K+ and Cl-. The Na+ and K+ were measured by Drugs, 1996, 33(9), 479-479. - 4. Gamble J.S, Flora of Presidency of Madras, Botanical Survey of India, flame photometry [17] and Cl concentration was estimated by titra- Calcutta. 1981, 137-138. tion [18] with silver nitrate solution using potassium chromate as 5. Matthew K.M, An Excursion flora of Central Tamil Nadu, India, Oxford and IBH Publications, New Delhi, 1991, 647-648. indicator. 6. Ravikumar K, Vijaya Sankar R, Ethanobotany of Malayali tribes in Statistical Analysis: Melpattu village, Javvadhu hills of Eastern Ghats, Tiruvannamalai All values are expressed as mean ± SEM. The values ob- district, Tamil Nadu, J Econ. Taxon Bot, 2003, 27, 715-726. tained for the above parameters in case of the extracts were compared 7. Hosagoudar VB, Henry AN, Ethanobotany of tribes irular, kurumban with standard drug and control group by using One-Way ANOVA and pariyan of Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu, Southern India, J.Econ. Taxon. Bot, 1996,12, 272-283. followed by student “t” test. P<0.001(compared to control) was con- 8. Mounnissamy VM, Kavimani S, Balu V, Darlin Quine S, Effect of sider significant [19]. ethanol extract of Cansjera rheedii J.Gmelin (Opiliaceae) on Hepato- RESULT AND DISCUSSION toxicity, J.Pharmacol Toxicol., 2008, 3(2), 158-162. 9. Mounnissamy VM, Kavimani S, Balu V, Darlin Quine S, Cytotoxic The results of the present study revealed that the ethanolic effect of various extracts of Cansjera rheedii J.Gmelin (Opiliaceae) extract of C. rheedii aerial parts posses a potent diuretic activity. The on human cancer cell lines, Amala Res. Bulletin, 2007, 27, 252-253. diuretic potency was comparable to that of standard drug frusemide. 10. Mounnissamy VM, Kavimani S, Balu V, Darlin Quine S, Anthelmin- thic activity of Cansjera rheedii J. Gmelin (Opiliaceae), J. Biol. Sci, Here, the ethanolic extract of C.rheedii increases the total volume of 2008, 8(4), 831-833. urine and excretion of Na+, K+ and Cl- (Table-1). 11. Mounnissamy VM, Kavimani S, Balu V, Darlin Quine S, Evaluation of The diuretic effect of both concentration of the extract are anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing properties of ethanol extract of Cansjera rheedii J.Gmelin (Opiliaceae), Iranian J. Pharmacol. indicated by increase in both water excretion and excretion of sodium, Therapeutics, 2007, 6, 235-237. potassium and chloride. The active principles responsible for the 12. Mounnissamy VM, Kavimani S, Balu V, Darlin Quine S, Potentiation of pentobarbital hypnosis by ethanol extract of Cansjera rheedii J. diuretic effect of the extract of this plant have not yet been elucidated Gmelin (Opiliaceae) in mice, Adv. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2008, 9(2), but the preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of 91-93. flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and saponins. It may by suggest 13. Mounnissamy VM, Kavimani S, Balu V, Darlin Quine S, Antipyretic activity of ethanol extract of Cansjera rheedii J. Gmelin (Opiliaceae), that these substances might be responsible, at least in part, for the J. Pharmacol. Toxicol, 2008, 3(5), 378-381. observed diuretic activity and that they may act individually or syn- 14. Mounnissamy VM, Kavimani S, Balu V, Darlin Quine S, Preliminary ergistically. Previous studies have demonstrated that there are sev- Phytochemical screening of Cansjera rheedii J.Gmelin (Opiliaceae), Int. J. Pharmacol. Biol. Sci., 2008, 2(3), 157-160. eral compounds, which could be responsible for the plants diuretic 15. OECD, The OECD guideline for Testing of Chemical, The Organiza- effect such as flavonoids, saponins or Organic acids [20]. The effect tion of Economic Co-Operation Development, Paris, 2001, pp: 1- 14. may be produced by stimulation of regional blood flow or initial va- 16. Lipschitz WL, Haddian Z, Kepscar A, Bioassay of diuretics, J. sodilatation [21], or by producing inhibition of tubular reabsorption Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1943, 79, 110-115. of water and anions [22], the result in both cases being diuresis. 17. Vogel, Textbook of Quantitative Analysis of Chemical Analysis, Vth Edition, Addition Wesley Longman Ltd, England, 1989, 801-810. 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Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.2.Issue 9.October 2009 1627-1628