Myotis Dasycneme) in Its Southern Distribution Range
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NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 14 (1): 135-141 ©NWJZ, Oradea, Romania, 2018 Article No.: e174702 http://biozoojournals.ro/nwjz/index.html Bat Research and Protection Conference [Conferinţa de Cercetarea şi Protecţia Liliecilor], 16-18 October 2015, Bălnaca, Romania A review of the occurrence data of the pond bat (Myotis dasycneme) in its southern distribution range Tamás GÖRFÖL1,2,*, Imre DOMBI2,3, Levente BARTI4, Szilárd BÜCS4, Csaba JÉRE4, Viorel POCORA5, Irina POCORA5, Farkas SZODORAY-PARÁDI4, Milan PAUNOVIĆ6, Branko KARAPANDŽA7 and István CSŐSZ4 1. Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13., Hungary. 2. Nature Conservation Foundation of Tolna County, 7100 Szekszárd, Szent István tér 10., Hungary. 3. Duna-Dráva National Park Directorate, 7625 Pécs, Tettye tér 9., Hungary. 4. Romanian Bat Protection Association, 440014 Satu Mare, Str. I.B. Deleanu Nr. 2, Romania. 5. Department of Zoology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 700506 Iași, Bulevardul Carol I 11, Romania. 6. Natural History Museum, 11000 Belgrade, Njegoseva 51, Serbia. 7. Fauna C&M, 22304 Novi Banovci, Zemunska 19, Serbia. *Corresponding author, T. Görföl, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 30. November 2016 / Accepted: 19. July 2017 / Available online: 27. July 2017 / Printed: June 2018 Abstract. The pond bat (Myotis dasycneme) is a Western Palearctic bat species with patchy distribution throughout its range as it heavily depends on large water bodies. In most countries in its range, it is a rare species, hence protected with several international conventions and national legislation. Besides a few scattered localities, almost no information is available about the southern part of its European distribution and its reproduction within this area. We review the data published on the pond bat in Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria and Bosnia-Herzegovina, and report several new occurrence data on the species, which is the result of an increased use of ultrasound-based methods and of greater research efforts. Also, we prove for the first time that the pond bat is successfully reproducing in Serbia, which is the southernmost breeding occurrence of the species in Europe. According to our findings, the species is more common in its southern distribution range than previously believed, and it may occur along most of the larger rivers in the Pannonian basin. As data suggests, it may also be present to the south of the Carpathian Mountains, however additional studies are needed to clarify the situation in that area. Key words: distribution area, review, conservation, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Bosnia-Herzegovina Myotis dasycneme (Boie, 1825) is a middle-sized representa- national nature conservation laws in EU member states. The tive of the trawling (large-footed) Myotis bats, and the largest species is protected and strictly protected in several coun- European species of this group. Like other trawling bats, the tries mostly in its western distribution range. pond bat regularly forages over large water bodies and cap- In the southern range of its European distribution, the tures its prey with its large feet. It migrates between summer occurrence of the species was confirmed in Austria by the and winter roosts which can be located at a distance of sev- capture of a female specimen near the Morava River in 2010 eral hundred km (Hutterer et al. 2005). In the western part of (Reiter et al. 2010). The species occurs mainly in the eastern its distribution range it’s almost exclusively a building- parts of Slovakia (Matis et al. 2000), but data from the west- dweller species (Dietz et. al. 2009), but beside buildings ern part of the country (Noga 2007) is also available. The (Ciechanowski et al. 2007, Vlaschenko et al. 2016), it can pond bat has one of the largest populations along the large roost in bridges (Kmiecik & Kmiecik 2015, own observa- river valleys of Danube and Tisza in Hungary (Dombi & tions), in caves (Karapandža & Paunović 2009, Pašić & Mu- Szatyor 2007). laomerović 2016) and also in trees (Ciechanowski et al. 2007, Due to the extended survey works and the penetration of Görföl & Dombi 2007), mainly in its Eastern European dis- the new methods (ultrasound recordings), many new occur- tribution range. rence data were collected during the last decade in the The pond bat occurs from northern France to north Ka- southern parts of the species’ distribution area: in the Bal- zakhstan and east to the River Yenisei in Central Siberia kans, north of the Balkans, as well as in the Carpathian (Dietz et al. 2009). Despite its wide range, it has a patchy dis- Mountains. Our main goal was to compile and critically tribution and whilst nine out of 16 underground hibernating evaluate all published data on the European distribution of bat species populations increased after a strong decline in the species south of Hungary (in Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia- the 20th century, the population of pond bat remained only Herzegovina, Romania and Bulgaria) and to present new stable in the period of 1993-2011 (Van der Meij et al. 2015). data on its distribution and reproduction. The pond bat is near threatened (NT) according to the IUCN Red List (Piraccini 2016). The species is included in Appen- Literature data were collected from five countries: Croatia, Serbia, dix II of the Bern Convention on the Conservation of Euro- Bosnia-Herzegovina, Romania and Bulgaria. In Serbia and Romania, pean Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Appendix II of the Bonn bat surveys were conducted mostly along the River Danube and in the southern regions of the Carpathian Mountains. Bats were cap- Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of tured with monofilament mist-nets or harp-traps at foraging sites or Wild Animals, in its Agreement on the Conservation of Bats roosting places. Captured bats were morphologically identified ac- in Europe (EUROBATS). In addition, the species is listed in cording to the field-keys of Dietz et al. (2009). Captured bats were Annex II and Annex IV of the EC Directive on the Conserva- handled according to the guidelines of Sikes et al. (2011). The species tion of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora (Lim- was also encountered during regular cave and mine visits in the pens et al. 2000, Limpens 2001) which is implemented in the course of winter censuses. Different types of bat detectors (Petters- 136 T. Görföl et al. Figure 1. Distribution map of the pond bat (M. dasycneme) in its southern range (dot – winter census; square – detector; cross – mist-net; star – other (bone remains, skull, voucher)). Published records indicated with white and new records with black symbol. son D240X and D500X, Batcorder and Tranquility) were used to col- occurrences were documented, especially after the 1990s. lect ultrasound recordings. Echolocation pulses were analyzed in New data. In 2014 we sampled several localities along BatSound 3.3 (Pettersson Elektronik AB) and Adobe Audition the Serbian part of the River Danube in Vojvodina Province. (Adobe Inc), calls were identified based on different guides (Lim- We recorded pond bats on all of the Serbian sampling pens 2001, Boonman et al. 2009, Pocora & Pocora 2012, Barataud 2015). points. Also, three specimens (one subadult and two post- Research was undertaken based on permits granted by compe- lactating adult females) were mist-netted on a breakwater in tent national authorities. For Romania, permits were the following: the River Danube at Čerević. This data proves the reproduc- nr. 17025/2014 from Romsilva – Iron Gates Natural Park, nr. tion of the species in Serbia for the first time. In Romania, as 01/2012, 33/2013, 97/20131, 19/2014, 210/2014, and 01/2015 from a consequence of the higher survey effort, the number of the Speleological Heritage Committee. For Serbia the research re- pond bat occurrences increased during the past few years. quired annual licenses for scientific research of the strictly protected Several new localities with the pond bat present were identi- species of mammals, incl. bats, issued by the responsible ministry of fied with different research methods. Mist-nettings were Serbia in the period of 2010-2017: nr. 353-01-1002/2010-03, 353-01- 1739/2011-03, 353-01-256/2012-03, 353-01-99/2013-08, 353-01- successful during the swarming period at cave entrances; the 786/2014-08, 353-01-1994/2014-17, 353-01-143/2016-17, 353-01- maximum number of captured pond bats was 11 on a single 2674/2016-17. night. All new data are presented in Table 1 and Figure 1. According to new data presented here, the pond bat is Literature review. In Bulgaria only a single individual of more common in the southern part of the Carpathian Basin pond bat was recorded foraging over the River Danube at and in the Southern Carpathians than previously believed. Ruse with a bat detector on 30.09.1999 (Limpens 2000, Fig. 1, The species is dispersed across Serbia and Romania. In Croa- Table 1). The species was found in Croatia for the first time tia the species was observed only in low numbers, in one hi- during the winter of 2000, in the mountainous area of the bernation site and several points on major rivers. It may Papuk National Park. Since then, only a few occurrences have a stable population on the River Drava, as two adult were published from near the River Drava and from the and a subadult male were mist-netted in Hungary only 1.3 Papuk NP (Pavlinić et al. 2010). In Serbia, the first record of km from the river (which is the border between the two the species originates from 1900 from the lake of Palić, countries), at a fish pond (Görföl & Dombi, unpublished Subotica, Vojvodina. The specimens were deposited in the data).