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Geology and Quality of Menefee Formation Coals, Monero Coal Field

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Geology and Quality of Menefee Formation Coals, Monero Coal Field Geologyand quality ol MenefeeFormation coals, Monero coal field, RioArriba Gounty, New Mexico byGretchen K.Holfnan, New Mexico Bureau of Minesand Mineral Resources, Socono, NM 87801 the Menefee Formation, the medial unit were opened during the 90-yearperiod Abstract of the Mesaverde Group. of coal mining in this area, and produc- The Monero coal field in north-central Monero field coalswere mined first to tion from 1882to 1953totaled 1.5million New Mexico, on the northeastern side supply fuel to the Denver and Fio Grande short tons (st). The estimated original of the San Juan Basin, is defined by Western Railroad built in 1881. Coal coal resource for the Monero field was Mesaverde Group outcrops that form a mining continued in the Monero field 17 million st. The remainhg demon- narrow north-south band cut by several until 1971although production greatly strated resourcefrom recent drilling in- northwest-trending faults. The coal is in decreasedafter 1959.As many as 4,0mines formation is 13.5million st (New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources 1990coal database).Although the Mo- I 0go nero coals are relatively thin, they were 380 Explanation valued for their high Btu value and cok- ing properties. The averagecoal analysis I Mesaverde Gp, Menefee Fm for the Monero field indicatesthese coals Crevasse Canyon Fm , Dakota Ss are low moisture (3.07o),moderate ash FruitlandFm (71.8E"),and a rank of high-volatile A ^aa Abandoned railroad bituminous. Recentexploration in this field has been minimal. A small exploration program nl978by Rochesterand Pittsburyh Coal Co. completed 11 holes northeast of the town of Monero and south of Lumber- ton. In 1987the U.S. GeologicalSurvey completed a coal-evaluationstudy of both Kl,/Kmv Area the Fruitland and Menefee Formations 1*3* ro*j -{--\ couonqoo for the ficarilla Apache Indian Reserva- . \ NEw MEXlco tion in cooperation with the Bureau of arkerCreek Indian Affairs. In 1988the New Mexico Kmv Area Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources drilled seven holes in the northem Mo- I Hogoacr nero field as part of a larger coal-quality Kmv Field proiect funded in part by the New Mex- ico Research and Development Insti- tute. zt Data available from previous work and )^* information from recent drilling are used Toadlena Kmfc Are 360 l;il"h"-- ChacoCanyon Alsoin thisissue /'--- KmfuArea trn'lj:{il;, BernalFormation and the ,./- v/e.]- Permian-Triassicboundary p. I -ja_'__- NMGS1990 abstracts p. 16 Upcomingmeetings p.21 Service/News p.22 Staffnotes p.24 O Albuquerque Gomingsoon Activityat the Billingsmelter FIGURE l-Coal fields of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico and railroads in northwestern New SmokeyBear State Park Mexico. Dashed line indicatesboundary of the Sanfuan Basin as defined for coal study. Modified from Shomaket Beaumont, and Kottlowski, 1971. to indicate that coals in the Monero field was not until 1922 that coal production western United States. The Monero coal were deposited in a back-barrier-swamD again exceeded16,000 st in the Monero field has been describedby Kottlowski and to lower-coastal-plain environment near field (Nickelson,1988). From7922 to 1953 Beaumont(1965) and by Shomaker(1971) the seaward extent of the Menefee For- yearly production remained above 15,000 as part of a coal-resourceand coal-quality mation. Development of these coals oc- st with a period curred in a short-lived paralic total for the of 849,270st. study of the entire SanJuan Basin. environment associated with the tran- Production in the Monero field dropped sition from a regressive to a transgres- considerablyfrom15,677 st in 1953to 3,848 Recentinvestigations sive shoreline. Although these coals are st in 1963(Nickelson, 1988). The railroad Recentcoal exDlorationhas been lim- thin, they are of relatively high rank be- was abandoned in L963,and demand for ited in the Monerofield. In 1978Rochester cause of subsequent depth of burial and coal decreasedsignificantly. ln 1970the and PittsburghCoal Company leased sev- close proximity to the lirge heat source last mine in the Monero field closedwhen eral parcelsof state-ownedcoal lands south of the San volcanic complex. Recent fuan the owner was financially unable to com- of Lumberton and north of the town of studies propose heat advection by ply with the new mine-safety laws (Nick- groundwater Monero where they drilled elevenholes. influenced the rank of the elson, 1988,p. M9). Fruitland Formation coals; it is quite Severalof the coal beds encounteredwere possible that advected heat also influ- Most mines in the Monero field were cored and analyzed.Most of the coalswere enced the Menefee Formation coals. locatednear the town of Monero and de- thin and discontinuousso the leasewas Iivered coal to the D&RGW railroad, but dropped. several Introduction mines were developed after 1921 As part of a joint project with the Bu- south of Lumberton. One of thesemines reau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in 1986, the Coal mining in New Mexico was more (Burns-Biggs) supplied coal to a spur U.S. GeologicalSurvey drilled severalholes extensivein the late 180ffsand early 1qJ0's owned jointly by the D&RGW and Bums- in the Menefee and Fruitland Formations than it is today. Most of the smaflercoal Biggs Lumber Company and built to in the northern Apache Indian fields that were active in that early period Jicarilla transport lumber from Lumberton south Thesedrill holes and are located outside the major coal-pro- Reservation. more to the company's sawmills at El Vado than 400 available oil and gas logs were ducing regions of the San or Raton Juan (Myrick, L970).Several mines in the Lum- used to evaluatethe coalresources of both Basins. The Monero coal field is a rela- berton area supplied coal to the Indian the Menefeeand Fruitland Formationsin tively small, isolatedfield among the in- agency at Dulce. From 1881 to 197Las the study area.The interagenryreport was active areas, but it is located in a maior many as 40 mines were open at various prepared by Olson and Gardner (1987)for coal-producingregion. The Monero field times in the Monero-Lumberton area;they the TicarillaTribe and the BIA. on the northeastern flank of the San Tuan produced a total of 1.5 million st of coal Basin is delineated by outcrops of the between1882 and 1963(Nickelson, 1988). MesaverdeGroup that extendsouthward from near the ColoradeNew Metco State Previous work Line for about45 mi (Iig. 1).The purpose One of the earliestdiscussions the of this paper is to combine all available of Monero field was by Gardner (1909)who coal data, including recent drilling data, New AAexfic@ mentioned the presenceof coal in the vi- for the northern Monero field and eval- cinity of Monero and noted the displace- uate both general trends of the coal-bear- GEOLOGY ment of the coal-bearing rocks by the ing sequence and characteristics of the northwest-trending Monero fault. In- o Scienceand Service coals in the northern Monero field. cludedin this report werea few measured tssN 0196-944X sectionsand coalanalyses. Campbell (1922) Volume 13, No. 1, February 1991 Mining history compared coals of severalNew Mexico Editor:Carol A. HjeUming Small underground coal mines oper- coal fields, including Monero, to other Published quarterly by ated in the Monero field from 1881.to 7977. areasin the United States.Fieldner et al.'s New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Development of the coal resources (1936)compilation Mineral Resources in this of mine-sampleanal- a division of New Mexico Instihte of area began when a market for coal was yses for New Mexico incorporated several Mining & Tehnology createdby construction of the Denver and analysesfrom the Monero field. Their re- BOARD OF REGENTS Rio Grande Western Railroad (D&RGW) port included descriptionsof the mine lo- Ex-Officio Bruce King, Gwmor ol Nn Metico through the coal field. In 1881a small rail- cations and the coal sectionsthat were Alan Morgan, Supqintendent ol Public lnstruction road, lumbet and coal camp was estab- sampled.Dane's field investigationsand APPointed lished Steve Tores, Prq., 1967-19)7, Alhuquerque at Amargo, but the center of coal subsequentmap (1948)of the northeast- Carol A. Rymer, M.D., SecJTteqs., 1989-1995, activity for this field datesfrom 1884when ern part of the SanJuan Basin encompas- Albuqurque a group of Italian miners settled the town ses the northern half of the Monero coal Robert O. Andenon, 1987-1993, Roswll (or Lenton Malry 1985-191, Albuquerque of Monero, Italian money (Nickelson, field. Dane mapped the coal-bearing Lt. Gen. L@ Marquez, 1989-195, Albu4uqque 1988).The remnantsof Amaigo arebarely MesaverdeGroup as one unit recog- New Mexico Institute of Minin8 & Technology but Presiddt . Laurence H. lattman visible today, but the town of Monero still nized three formations, which he referred New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources exists although it is sparselypopulated. to, in ascendingorder, as the HostaSand- Direclol ond State G@logist . Frank E. Kottlowski M. Coal mining in this area was difficult be- stoneMember of the Point Lookout Asniate Dirctor James Robertson Sand- Sufuriniore: Issued qurterlt February, May, August, cause of rugged terrain formed by major stone, the Menefee Formation, and La November; subsription price $6.O0/calendar year. northwest-trending faults that cut the area Ventana Sandstone Member of the Cliff Editotial ruttq: Articles submitted for publication into several fault-block mesas.Generallv. House Sandstone.To Dane's should be in the editor's hands d minimum of five date geo- (5) months before date of publication (Februry, two 3-4 ft bedswere mined, and in manv Iogic map (19a8)is the best available of May, August, or November) and should be no longer places the coal is offset by minor r""o.rd- the Monero field and subsequently was than 20 typewritten, double-spaced pages. All sientific papers will be reviewed by at least two ary faulting perpendicular to the maior used in the recentcompilation of the Az- people in the appropriate field of study.
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