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FULLTEXT01.Pdf v H e nr ik d a ap a M a l sk Vad för attityder har spelare av farmingspel gentemot större kroppstyper i grafik avsedd till spel? What Attitudes Do Players of Farming Games Have Towards Larger Bodytypes in Graphics Intended for Games? Examensarbete i medier, estetik och berattande med inriktning mot dataspelsutveckling 30 hogskolepoang Vartermin 2021 Sabina Rasmussen Handledare: Ulf Wilhelmsson Examinator: Lissa Holloway-Attaway Sammanfattning Tidigare studier gällande representation av större kroppstyper och spel har haft i fokus hur saknaden av större kroppar påverkar människor, visande i sina resultat att användandet av smala kroppsideal påverkar människors syn på sina egna kroppar på ett negativt sätt. Denna studie fokuserar på positiv representation och farmingspel, undersökande vad för attityder spelare av farmingspel har gentemot grafik avsedd till spel, i form av fem karaktärsdesigner som skapades med större kroppar. Genom en enkät som skapades och distribuerades via internet på sociala medier, vilket karaktärsdesignerna var presenterade i, så samlades relevant data från deltagare som besvarade enkäten. Majoriteten av deltagarna hade positiva attityder gentemot de karaktärer som presenterades i enkäten, ansåg att representation av större kroppar i farmingspel är bristande och att positiv representation har positiv påverkan på deras åsikter gällande andras och deras egen kropp. Uppföljande intervjuer och utbredning av frågor inom enkäten är relevant framtida arbete för studien. Nyckelord: Större kroppar, representation, farmingspel, spel, kroppsideal Innehållsförteckning 1 Introduktion..............................................................................................................1 2 Bakgrund..................................................................................................................2 2.1 Representation av kroppstyper.....................................................................................2 2.2 Spel, representation och dess påverkan.......................................................................3 2.3 Representation av större kroppar inom Farmingspel.....................................................4 3 Problemformulering................................................................................................6 3.1 Metodbeskrivning..........................................................................................................7 4 Genomförande.......................................................................................................11 4.1 Progressionen av karaktärsdesignerna.......................................................................12 4.2 Progressionen av de individuella bilderna...................................................................18 5 Utvärdering.............................................................................................................25 5.1 Presentation av undersökning.....................................................................................25 5.1.1 Sammanställning alla karaktärer.........................................................................................26 5.1.2 Sammanställning mänskliga karaktärer..............................................................................27 5.1.3 Sammanställning ickemänskliga karaktärer........................................................................29 5.1.4 Sammanställning resterande frågor....................................................................................31 5.2 Analys.........................................................................................................................35 5.3 Slutsatser....................................................................................................................37 6 Avslutande diskussion..........................................................................................39 6.1 Sammanfattning..........................................................................................................39 6.2 Diskussion...................................................................................................................40 6.3 Framtida arbete...........................................................................................................41 Referenser.................................................................................................................43 1 Introduktion Representation är en del av media, som innebär vad som visas och hur det visas. Vilka sorts människor och hur de framställs är det som oftast är i fokus gällande representation, eftersom detta har påverkan på samhällets attityder och tänkande gentemot de personer som framställs. Om en grupp av människor visas i media på ett negativt sätt, kan det leda till att andra människor konsekvent ser på dem negativt (Holland, Blood, Thomas & Lewis 2015). Därför blir respektfull och positiv representation något som är efterfrågat av minoriteter, men i vårt samtida samhälle är representation av olika människogrupper inte jämställd då alla grupper inte framställs på samma sätt. En av de grupper som saknar positiv representation i media är personer med större kroppar, som sällan framställs på ett respektfullt sätt om de blir framställda alls. På grund av den dominerande representationen där smala och muskulösa kroppar framställs som idealet, faller större kroppar vid sidan. I och med att det saknas representation och att större kroppstyper framställs som otilltalande så skapar det en negativ syn av dessa kroppar (Holland et al. 2015). Spel är ett av många medier som saknar positiv representation av större kroppar. Tidigare forskning visar på att användning av kroppsideal i spel har påverkan på människors psyke och tyckande om deras egna kroppar (Matthews, Lynch & Martins 2016; Barlett & Harris 2008; Sylvia, King & Morse 2014). Något som inte har undersökts i större omfattning är om positiv framställning av större kroppar påverkar spelarens attityd gentemot dessa kroppar och synen på deras egen kropp. Denna studie undersökte vilka attityder som spelare av farmingspel har gentemot större kroppar i grafik avsedd till spel, för att studera om positiv representation av större kroppar hade någon påverkan på deras tyckande och tankar gällande större kroppar. Kvalitativ data har samlats in med en enkät, som inkluderade frågor som kunde besvaras med val och fritext. I enkäten presenterades grafik som föreställer karaktärer avsedda för farmingspel för deltagarna i studien.. Frågor som rörde deltagarnas uppfattning av karaktärerna och representation av större kroppar i farmingspel ställdes. Enkäten distribuerades via sociala medier, som Twitter (2006) och Tumblr (2007), och via relevanta spelforum för att nå deltagare som ville delta i studien. 1 2 Bakgrund I olika former av medier speglas samhället och människor. Vad av samhället som speglas beror på genre och de som skapar mediets innehåll. Med detta förekommer fenomen som representation, hur och vilka sorts människor som visas. Hur människor av olika slag framställs i media har varit en stor del av de diskussioner som uppstår omkring media, oftast med fokus på att utöka representation (Wennlund 2014; Holland et al. 2015). Även om detta är något som många vill uppnå är det en långsam process på grund av olika faktorer, exempelvis att medieföretag ser representation som en risk för den kommersiella aspekten av det de skapar. Representation kan ses som riskfullt för mediaföretag eftersom att det kan ses som onödigt av majoriteten av deras konsumenter, då att möta minoriteters önskemål om representation blir en risk eftersom det tar bort fokus från representation av större människogrupper. Även att representation som inte håller en viss standard eller är tillräckligt respektfull kan bemötas av kritik och negativa bedömningar. Därför kan det ses som lättare att inte ha någon representation för att undvika dålig press från konsumenter och journalister. Dessa aspekter av risk och på grund av samhällets allmänna syn på minoriteter leder till avsaknad på representation och bristfällig representation. Negativ och positiv påverkan tas upp i denna studie, i kontexten att påverkan är på människans syn och tyckande gällande andras kroppar och sin egen kropp. Negativ påverkan är då att ens inställning gällande sin egen kropp eller andras kroppar försämras. Positiv påverkan är då att denna inställning förbättras. Detta tas upp vidare i följande bakgrundsrubriker, gällande hur olika fenomen kan ha påverkan på människors syn på sig själva och andra med fokus på kroppar och kroppstyper. 2.1 Representation av kroppstyper Fokus för denna studie är representationen av större kroppar, som i samtida medier vanligtvis antingen inte finns representerade alls eller i de fall de finns representerade så framställs dessa kroppstyper på ett negativt sätt. Med ett kroppsideal som visas i media med smala kroppar för kvinnor och muskulösa för män, så dominerar denna representationen det vi ser i media som film, serier, spel och m.m. Detta kroppsideal har visats sig få negativa effekter på människors psyke och påverka synen på deras egna kroppar (Matthews, Lynch & Martins 2016; Barlett & Harris 2008). Kombinationen av dominerande representation av ideala kroppar och att representationen av större kroppar när de avbildas oftast använder kränkande stereotyper, gör att människor med större kroppar då känner sig sämre. Även att människor överlag kan ha negativa attityder gentemot dessa typer av kroppar, kan leda till mobbning och orättvis behandling av tjocka individer.
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